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Vickery-Howe DM, Bonanno DR, Dascombe BJ, Drain JR, Clarke AC, Hoolihan B, Willy RW, Middleton KJ. Physiological, perceptual, and biomechanical differences between treadmill and overground walking in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:2088-2120. [PMID: 38350022 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2312481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare physiological, perceptual and biomechanical outcomes between walking on a treadmill and overground surfaces. Five databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science) were searched until September 2022. Included studies needed to be a crossover design comparing biomechanical, physiological, or perceptual measures between motorised-treadmill and overground walking in healthy adults (18-65 years) walking at the same speed (<5% difference). The quality of studies were assessed using a modified Downs and Black Quality Index. Meta-analyses were performed to determine standardised mean difference ± 95% confidence intervals for all main outcome measures. Fifty-five studies were included with 1,005 participants. Relative oxygen consumption (standardised mean difference [95% confidence interval] 0.38 [0.14,0.63]) and cadence (0.22 [0.06,0.38]) are higher during treadmill walking. Whereas stride length (-0.36 [-0.62,-0.11]) and step length (-0.52 [-0.98,-0.06]) are lower during treadmill walking. Most kinetic variables are different between surfaces. The oxygen consumption, spatiotemporal and kinetic differences on the treadmill may be an attempt to increase stability due to the lack of control, discomfort and familiarity on the treadmill. Treadmill construction including surface stiffness and motor power are likely additional constraints that need to be considered and require investigation. This research was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) scholarship. Protocol registration is CRD42020208002 (PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) in October 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Vickery-Howe
- Sports, Performance and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D R Bonanno
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B J Dascombe
- Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - J R Drain
- Human and Decision Sciences Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, Australia
| | - A C Clarke
- Sports, Performance and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Hoolihan
- Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - R W Willy
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - K J Middleton
- Sports, Performance and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Secomb JL, Dascombe BJ, Nimphius S. Importance of Joint Angle-Specific Hip Strength for Skating Performance in Semiprofessional Ice Hockey Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2599-2603. [PMID: 34431485 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Secomb, JL, Dascombe, BJ, and Nimphius, S. Importance of joint angle-specific hip strength for skating performance in semiprofessional ice hockey athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2599-2603, 2021-Ice hockey athletes with faster sprint acceleration and change-of-direction (COD) skating performance possess a competitive advantage. However, it is unknown whether joint angle-specific hip strength, in combination with measures known to relate to skating performance (e.g., countermovement jump [CMJ]), better explains skating performance. The purpose of this research was to determine whether hip strength in joint angles specific to skating positions and CMJ performance explains sprint skating acceleration and COD performance. Thirteen semiprofessional male hockey (26.7 ± 6.7 years; 88.4 ± 18.1 kg; 181.9 ± 5.4 cm) athletes were assessed for CMJ performance, hip abduction and adduction strength, 10-m sprint skating acceleration, and COD (505) performance. Linear multiple regressions to predict skating acceleration and COD performance were calculated with variables chosen based on functional justification and magnitude of correlation. Hip abductor relative peak force (rPF) at 25° of hip abduction and CMJ rPF explained 46.0% (adjusted) of variance in sprint acceleration performance (F[2,12] = 6.18, p = 0.02). Countermovement jump peak eccentric velocity, adductor rPF at 50° of hip abduction, and difference in abductor rPF between 50° and 25° of hip abduction explained 85.0% (adjusted) of the variance in 505 time (F[3,12] = 22.8, p < 0.001). Hip strength at joint angles functionally relevant to skating (e.g., at 25° and 50°), in combination with relevant CMJ variables, explained large and very large amounts of variance in sprint skating acceleration and COD performance in this cohort. The inclusion of joint angle-specific hip strength profiling to a physical performance testing battery may provide practitioners with more specific knowledge on the strength of the hip through abduction range of motion, which may affect skating performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh L Secomb
- Applied Sports Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia.,The Priority Research Center for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Newcastle Northstars Ice Hockey Club, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Benjamin J Dascombe
- Applied Sports Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia.,The Priority Research Center for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophia Nimphius
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Elsworthy N, Callaghan DE, Scanlan AT, Kertesz AHM, Kean CO, Dascombe BJ, Guy JH. Validity and Reliability of Using Load-Velocity Relationship Profiles to Establish Back Squat 1 m·s-1 Load. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:340-346. [PMID: 33306595 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Elsworthy, N, Callaghan, DE, Scanlan, AT, Kertesz, AHM, Kean, CO, Dascombe, BJ, and Guy, JH. Validity and reliability of using load-velocity relationship profiles to establish back squat 1 m·s-1 load. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 340-346, 2021-Although measuring movement velocity during resistance exercise is being increasingly used to monitor player readiness for competition in team sports, the validity and reliability of using set target velocities has not been examined. This study examined test-retest reliability of the load-velocity relationship during the back squat to predict loads corresponding to a mean velocity of 1 m·s-1 (V1Load), test-retest reliability of mean concentric velocity at V1Load, and criterion validity of mean concentric velocity at V1Load. Twenty-seven resistance-trained male rugby league players completed 2 testing sessions on separate days to establish individualized back squat load-velocity relationship profiles (30, 40, 60, and 80% estimated 1 repetition maximum). Velocity during the back squat was assessed at each load and V1Load derived using individualized linear regression equations. A subset of subjects (n = 18) also performed the back squat at predicted V1Load to examine the test-retest reliability and compare the mean concentric velocity with the predicted target of 1 m·s-1. The mean concentric velocity was consistent across all loads during load-velocity relationship testing (p > 0.05, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥0.75, coefficient of variation [CV] ≤5.7%, effect size [ES] ≤0.27), and for predicting V1Load (p = 0.11, ICC = 0.95, CV = 3.9%, ES = 0.11). The mean concentric velocity at V1Load was reliable (ICC = 0.77; CV = 2.6%; ES = 0.39) and not significantly different (p = 0.21) to the target velocity, supporting criterion validity. Individualized load-velocity profiles for the back squat can accurately predict V1Load, and subsequent use of V1Load to assess back squat velocity is valid and reliable. Using V1Load to assess changes in back squat velocity may have application in measuring changes in strength and power or readiness to train.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Elsworthy
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dean E Callaghan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia
- Mackay Cutters Rugby League Club, Mackay, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Crystal O Kean
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Dascombe
- Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia; and
- Priority Research Center in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Joshua H Guy
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia
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Murphy GR, Dunstan RH, Macdonald MM, Borges N, Radford Z, Sparkes DL, Dascombe BJ, Roberts TK. Relationships between electrolyte and amino acid compositions in sweat during exercise suggest a role for amino acids and K+ in reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- from sweat. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223381. [PMID: 31581276 PMCID: PMC6776299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of free amino acids and [K+] in human sweat can be many times higher than in plasma. Conversely, [Na+] and [Cl-] in sweat are hypotonic to plasma. It was hypothesised that the amino acids and K+ were directly or indirectly associated with the resorption of Na+ and Cl- in the sweat duct. The implication would be that, as resources of these components became limiting during prolonged exercise then the capacity to resorb [Na+] and [Cl-] would diminish, resulting in progressively higher levels in sweat. If this were the case, then [Na+] and [Cl-] in sweat would have inverse relationships with [K+] and the amino acids during exercise. Forearm sweat was collected from 11 recreational athletes at regular intervals during a prolonged period of cycling exercise after 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65 minutes. The subjects also provided passive sweat samples via 15 minutes of thermal stimulation. The sweat samples were analysed for concentrations of amino acids, Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+. The exercise sweat had a total amino acid concentration of 6.4 ± 1.2mM after 15 minutes which was lower than the passive sweat concentration at 11.6 ± 0.8mM (p<0.05) and showed an altered array of electrolytes, indicating that exercise stimulated a change in sweat composition. During the exercise period, [Na+] in sweat increased from 23.3 ± 3.0mM to 34.6 ± 2.4mM (p<0.01) over 65 minutes whilst the total concentrations of amino acids in sweat decreased from 6.4 ± 1.2mM to 3.6 ± 0.5mM. [Na+] showed significant negative correlations with the concentrations of total amino acids (r = -0.97, p<0.05), K+ (r = -0.93, p<0.05) and Ca2+ (r = -0.83, p<0.05) in sweat. The results supported the hypothesis that amino acids and K+, as well as Ca2+, were associated with resorption of Na+ and Cl-.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zoe Radford
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Dunstan RH, Sparkes DL, Dascombe BJ, Stevens CJ, Murphy GR, Macdonald MM, Gottfries J, Gottfries CG, Roberts TK. Sex differences in amino acids lost via sweating could lead to differential susceptibilities to disturbances in nitrogen balance and collagen turnover. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1337-1345. [PMID: 28474126 PMCID: PMC5508033 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fluid collected during sweating is enriched with amino acids derived from the skin's natural moisturising factors and has been termed "faux" sweat. Little is known about sex differences in sweat amino acid composition or whether faux sweat amino acid losses affect nitrogen balance. Faux sweat collected by healthy adults (n = 47) after exercise, and at rest by chronic fatigue patients, was analysed for amino acid composition. Healthy females had higher total amino acid concentrations in sweat (10.5 ± 1.2 mM) compared with healthy males (6.9 ± 0.9 mM). Females had higher levels of 13 amino acids in sweat including serine, alanine and glycine. Higher hydroxyproline and proline levels suggested greater collagen turnover in females. Modelling indicated that with conservative levels of exercise, amino acid losses in females via faux sweat were triple than those predicted for urine, whereas in males they were double. It was concluded that females were more susceptible to key amino acid loss during exercise and/or hot conditions. Females reporting chronic fatigue had higher levels of methionine in faux sweat than healthy females. Males reporting chronic fatigue had higher levels of numerous amino acids in faux sweat compared to healthy males. Higher amino acid loss in faux sweat associated with chronic fatigue could contribute to a hypometabolic state. Depending on activity levels, climatic conditions and gender, amino acid losses in sweat and skin leachate could influence daily protein turnover where periods of continuously high turnover could lead to a negative net nitrogen balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Dunstan
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - D L Sparkes
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - B J Dascombe
- Latrobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - C J Stevens
- Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - G R Murphy
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - M M Macdonald
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - J Gottfries
- University of Gothenburg, Box 100, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - T K Roberts
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Dunstan RH, Sparkes DL, Macdonald MM, De Jonge XJ, Dascombe BJ, Gottfries J, Gottfries CG, Roberts TK. Diverse characteristics of the urinary excretion of amino acids in humans and the use of amino acid supplementation to reduce fatigue and sub-health in adults. Nutr J 2017; 16:19. [PMID: 28330481 PMCID: PMC5363000 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The excretion of amino acids in urine represents an important avenue for the loss of key nutrients. Some amino acids such as glycine and histidine are lost in higher abundance than others. These two amino acids perform important physiological functions and are required for the synthesis of key proteins such as haemoglobin and collagen. Methods Stage 1 of this study involved healthy subjects (n = 151) who provided first of the morning urine samples and completed symptom questionnaires. Urine was analysed for amino acid composition by gas chromatography. Stage 2 involved a subset of the initial cohort (n = 37) who completed a 30 day trial of an amino acid supplement and subsequent symptom profile evaluation. Results Analyses of urinary amino acid profiles revealed that three groups could be objectively defined from the 151 participants using k-means clustering. The amino acid profiles were significantly different between each of the clusters (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.13, p < 0.0001). Cluster 1 had the highest loss of amino acids with histidine being the most abundant component. Cluster 2 had glycine present as the most abundant urinary amino acid and cluster 3 had equivalent abundances of glycine and histidine. Strong associations were observed between urinary proline concentrations and fatigue/pain scores (r = .56 to .83) for females in cluster 1, with several other differential sets of associations observed for the other clusters. Conclusions Different phenotypic subsets exist in the population based on amino acid excretion characteristics found in urine. Provision of the supplement resulted in significant improvements in reported fatigue and sleep for 81% of the trial cohort with all females reporting improvements in fatigue. Trial registration The study was registered on the 18th April 2011 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611000403932).
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Dunstan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
| | - D L Sparkes
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - M M Macdonald
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - X Janse De Jonge
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | | | - J Gottfries
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C-G Gottfries
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T K Roberts
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Dunstan RH, Sparkes DL, Dascombe BJ, Macdonald MM, Evans CA, Stevens CJ, Crompton MJ, Gottfries J, Franks J, Murphy G, Wood R, Roberts TK. Sweat Facilitated Amino Acid Losses in Male Athletes during Exercise at 32-34°C. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167844. [PMID: 27936120 PMCID: PMC5148013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweat contains amino acids and electrolytes derived from plasma and athletes can lose 1-2L of sweat per hour during exercise. Sweat may also contain contributions of amino acids as well as urea, sodium and potassium from the natural moisturizing factors (NMF) produced in the stratum corneum. In preliminary experiments, one participant was tested on three separate occasions to compare sweat composition with surface water washings from the same area of skin to assess contributions from NMF. Two participants performed a 40 minute self-paced cycle session with sweat collected from cleansed skin at regular intervals to assess the contributions to the sweat load from NMF over the period of exercise. The main study investigated sweat amino acid composition collected from nineteen male athletes following standardised endurance exercise regimes at 32–34°C and 20–30% RH. Plasma was also collected from ten of the athletes to compare sweat and plasma composition of amino acids. The amino acid profiles of the skin washings were similar to the sweat, suggesting that the NMF could contribute certain amino acids into sweat. Since the sweat collected from athletes contained some amino acid contributions from the skin, this fluid was subsequently referred to as “faux” sweat. Samples taken over 40 minutes of exercise showed that these contributions diminished over time and were minimal at 35 minutes. In the main study, the faux sweat samples collected from the athletes with minimal NMF contributions, were characterised by relatively high levels of serine, histidine, ornithine, glycine and alanine compared with the corresponding levels measured in the plasma. Aspartic acid was detected in faux sweat but not in the plasma. Glutamine and proline were lower in the faux sweat than plasma in all the athletes. Three phenotypic groups of athletes were defined based on faux sweat volumes and composition profiles of amino acids with varying relative abundances of histidine, serine, glycine and ornithine. It was concluded that for some individuals, faux sweat resulting from exercise at 32–34°C and 20–30% RH posed a potentially significant source of amino acid loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher J. Stevens
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Johan Gottfries
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesse Franks
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Grace Murphy
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan Wood
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Stevens CJ, Thoseby B, Sculley DV, Callister R, Taylor L, Dascombe BJ. Running performance and thermal sensation in the heat are improved with menthol mouth rinse but not ice slurry ingestion. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1209-16. [PMID: 26408395 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a cooling strategy designed to predominately lower thermal state with a strategy designed to lower thermal sensation on endurance running performance and physiology in the heat. Eleven moderately trained male runners completed familiarization and three randomized, crossover 5-km running time trials on a non-motorized treadmill in hot conditions (33 °C). The trials included ice slurry ingestion before exercise (ICE), menthol mouth rinse during exercise (MEN), and no intervention (CON). Running performance was significantly improved with MEN (25.3 ± 3.5 min; P = 0.01), but not ICE (26.3 ± 3.2 min; P = 0.45) when compared with CON (26.0 ± 3.4 min). Rectal temperature was significantly decreased with ICE (by 0.3 ± 0.2 °C; P < 0.01), which persisted for 2 km of the run and MEN significantly decreased perceived thermal sensation (between 4 and 5 km) and ventilation (between 1 and 2 km) during the time trial. End-exercise blood prolactin concentration was elevated with MEN compared with CON (by 25.1 ± 24.4 ng/mL; P = 0.02). The data demonstrate that a change in the perception of thermal sensation during exercise from menthol mouth rinse was associated with improved endurance running performance in the heat. Ice slurry ingestion reduced core temperature but did not decrease thermal sensation during exercise or improve running performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Stevens
- Applied Sports Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia.
| | - B Thoseby
- Applied Sports Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - D V Sculley
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - R Callister
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - L Taylor
- Applied Sport and Exercise Physiology (ASEP) Research Group, Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - B J Dascombe
- Applied Sports Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Dunstan RH, Sparkes DL, Roberts TK, Crompton MJ, Gottfries J, Dascombe BJ. Development of a complex amino acid supplement, Fatigue Reviva™, for oral ingestion: initial evaluations of product concept and impact on symptoms of sub-health in a group of males. Nutr J 2013; 12:115. [PMID: 23927677 PMCID: PMC3751078 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A new dietary supplement, Fatigue Reviva™, has been recently developed to address issues related to amino acid depletion following illness or in conditions of sub-health where altered amino acid homeostasis has been associated with fatigue. Complex formulations of amino acids present significant challenges due to solubility and taste constraints. This initial study sets out to provide an initial appraisal of product palatability and to gather pilot evidence for efficacy. Methods Males reporting symptoms of sub-health were recruited on the basis of being free from any significant medical or psychological condition. Each participant took an amino acid based dietary supplement (Fatigue Reviva™) daily for 30 days. Comparisons were then made between pre- and post-supplement general health symptoms and urinary amino acid profiles. Results Seventeen men took part in the study. Following amino acid supplementation the total Chalder fatigue score improved significantly (mean ± SEM, 12.5 ± 0.9 versus 10.0 ± 1.0, P<0.03). When asked whether they thought that the supplement had improved their health, 65% of participants responded positively. A subgroup of participants reported gastrointestinal symptoms which were attributed to the supplement and which were believed to result from the component fructooligosaccharide. Analysis of urinary amino acids revealed significant alterations in the relative abundances of a number of amino acids after supplementation including an increase in valine, isoleucine and glutamic acid and reduced levels of glutamine and ornithine. Discriminant function analysis of the urinary amino acid data revealed significant differences between the pre- and post-supplement urine excretion profiles. Conclusions The results indicated that Fatigue Reviva™ was palatable and that 65% of the study group reported that they felt the product had improved their health. The product could provide an effective tool for the management of unexplained fatigue and symptoms of sub-health. Further product development may yield additional options for those patients susceptible to fructooligosaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hugh Dunstan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Sear JA, Hoare TK, Scanlan AT, Abt GA, Dascombe BJ. The Effects of Whole-Body Compression Garments on Prolonged High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:1901-10. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181db251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dascombe BJ, Reaburn PRJ, Sirotic AC, Coutts AJ. The reliability of the i-STAT clinical portable analyser. J Sci Med Sport 2006; 10:135-40. [PMID: 16846754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the reliability of the i-STAT clinical portable analyser and CG(4)(+) cartridge measures of blood pH, partial pressures of O(2) (pO(2)) and CO(2) (pCO(2)), bicarbonate ([HCO(3)(-)]), base excess (BE), total carbon dioxide (TCO(2)), oxygen saturation (sO(2)) and blood lactate ([BLa(-)]) at various exercise intensities. A comparison between [BLa(-)] measured by the i-STAT and the Accusport lactate analysers during an intermittent treadmill run was also undertaken. The technical error of measurement (TEM%) at rest, at moderate (200W) and maximal exercise (V O(2)max) was acceptable (<15%) for all parameters. The intra-class correlation coefficients for each analyte ranged from weak-to-strong across resting (ICC=0.19-0.96) and moderate (ICC=0.30-0.96) exercise intensities. The ICC for all analytes were observed to be strong following maximal intensity exercise (ICC=0.77-0.95). The comparison of the [BLa(-)] measures between the i-STAT and Accusport showed that the difference between measures was acceptable at both low (<4mmolL(-1)) (-0.39+/-0.27mmolL(-1)), moderate to high concentrations (>4mmolL(-1)) (0.58+/-1.22mmolL(-1)), and across all [BLa(-)] data (0.36+/-1.13mmolL(-1)). In conclusion, the i-STAT clinical analyser and CG(4)(+) cartridge provides reliable measures of a number of blood parameters across exercise intensities. The [BLa(-)] measures from the i-STAT analyser are consistent with that of the Accusport lactate analyser.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Dascombe
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Health, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Qld, Australia.
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