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Eriksen AMA, Melhus M, Schei B, Skurtveit S, Broderstad AR. Opioid prescriptions among Sami and non-Sami with chronic pain: The SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey and the Norwegian Prescription Database. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2241202. [PMID: 37506380 PMCID: PMC10392314 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2241202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the prevalence of filled opioid prescriptions among indigenous Sami people with self-reported chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) and compare it with that of non-Sami living in the same area. Baseline data from the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey (2012) was linked prospectively to the Norwegian Prescription Database. Information on filled opioid prescriptions during 2012-2019 was collected for 4767 persons who reported CMSP in SAMINOR 2. Gender-stratified chi-square tests, two-sample t-tests, Kruskal - Wallis tests, and multinomial logistic regression was applied. Two out of three CMSP respondents received no or only one prescription of opioids during 2012-2019. In each year, 80% of women received no opioids, 7-10% received one prescription of ≤ 180 defined daily doses (DDD), 8-9% received in total ≤ 180 DDD in two or more prescriptions, and 2-3% received > 180 DDD of opioids. Among men, 81-83% received no opioids, 8-11% received one prescription with ≤ 180 DDD, 5-9% received ≤ 180 DDD in two or more prescriptions, and 1-2% received > 180 DDD of opioids in a single year. There were no overall ethnic differences, which indicates a similar prescription policy for opioids for Sami and non-Sami with CMSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M A Eriksen
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marita Melhus
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Svetlana Skurtveit
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Ragnhild Broderstad
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Haugen T, Halvorsen JØ, Friborg O, Simpson MR, Mork PJ, Mikkelsen G, Elklit A, Rothbaum BO, Schei B, Hagemann C. Correction: Modified prolonged exposure therapy as Early Intervention after Rape (The EIR-study): study protocol for a multicenter randomized add-on superiority trial. Trials 2023; 24:631. [PMID: 37789364 PMCID: PMC10546632 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Haugen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Pb. 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Joar Øveraas Halvorsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Pb. 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Pb. 6050 Langnes, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Melanie Rae Simpson
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Pb. 8905, N‑7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Pb. 8905, N‑7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gustav Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Pb. 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ask Elklit
- National Danish Center for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Barbara O Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Program and the Trauma and Anxiety Recovery Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Pb. 8905, N‑7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Pb. 3250 Sluppen, NO‑7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilie Hagemann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Pb. 3250 Sluppen, NO‑7006, Trondheim, Norway
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Chalise P, Manandhar P, Infanti JJ, Campbell J, Henriksen L, Joshi SK, Koju R, Pun KD, Rishal P, Simpson MR, Skovlund E, Swahnberg K, Schei B, Lukasse M. Addressing Domestic Violence in Antenatal Care Environments in Nepal (ADVANCE) - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial evaluating a video intervention on domestic violence among pregnant women. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1794. [PMID: 37715147 PMCID: PMC10503096 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic violence (DV) prior to, and during pregnancy is associated with increased risks for morbidity and mortality. As pregnant women routinely attend antenatal care this environment can be used to offer support to women experiencing DV. We have developed a video intervention that focuses on the use of behavioral coping strategies, particularly regarding disclosure of DV experiences. The effectiveness of this intervention will be evaluated through a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a concurrent process evaluation. METHODS All pregnant women between 12-22 weeks of gestation attending routine antenatal care at two tertiary level hospitals in Nepal are invited to participate. DV is measured using the Nepalese version of the Abuse Assessment Screen (N-AAS). Additionally, we measure participants' mental health, use of coping strategies, physical activity, and food security through a Color-coded Audio Computer Assisted Self Interview (C-ACASI). Irrespective of DV status, women are randomized into the intervention or control arm using a computer-generated randomization program. The intervention arm views a short video providing information on DV, safety improving actions women can take with an emphasis on disclosing the violence to a trusted person along with utilizing helplines available in Nepal. The control group watches a video on maintaining a healthy pregnancy and when to seek healthcare. The primary outcome is the proportion of women disclosing their DV status to someone. Secondary outcomes are symptoms of anxiety and depression, coping strategies, the use of safety measures and attitudes towards acceptance of abuse. Follow-up is conducted after 32 weeks of gestation, where both the intervention and control group participants view the intervention video after completing the follow-up questionnaire. Additionally, a mixed methods process evaluation of the intervention will be carried out to explore factors influencing the acceptability of the intervention and the disclosure of DV, including a review of project documents, individual interviews, and focus group discussions with members of the research team, healthcare providers, and participants. DISCUSSION This study will provide evidence on whether pregnant women attending regular antenatal visits can enhance their safety by disclosing their experiences of violence to a trusted person after receiving a video intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered in ClinicalTrial.gov with identifier NCT05199935.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chalise
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
| | - P Manandhar
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J J Infanti
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Campbell
- Department of Community-Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, USA
| | - L Henriksen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - S K Joshi
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Koju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - K D Pun
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - P Rishal
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M R Simpson
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E Skovlund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - K Swahnberg
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linneaus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - B Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Lukasse
- Center for Women's, Family and Child Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, P.O. Box 235, N-3603, Kongsberg, Norway
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Reppen K, Henriksen L, Schei B, Magnussen EB, Infanti JJ. Experiences of childbirth care among immigrant and non-immigrant women: a cross-sectional questionnaire study from a hospital in Norway. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:394. [PMID: 37245035 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigrant women have higher risks for poor pregnancy outcomes and unsatisfactory birth experiences than the general population. The mechanisms behind these associations remain largely unknown, but they may result from differential care provided to immigrant women or unsatisfactory interactions with health providers. This study aimed to investigate immigrant and non-immigrant women's experiences of health care during childbirth, particularly assessing two dimensions: perceived general quality of care and attainment of health care needs during childbirth. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried out over 15 months in 2020 and 2021, and data were collected from a self-completed questionnaire. The labour and birth subscale from the Experience of Maternity Care questionnaire was used to assess the primary outcome of care experiences. A total of 680 women completed the questionnaire approximately within two days after birth (mean 2.1 days) at a hospital in Trondheim, in central Norway. The questionnaire was provided in eight languages. RESULTS The 680 respondents were classified as immigrants (n = 153) and non-immigrants (n = 527). Most women rated their quality of care during childbirth as high (91.5%). However, one-quarter of the women (26.6%) reported unmet health care needs during childbirth. Multiparous immigrant women were more likely than multiparous non-immigrant women to report that their health care needs were unmet during childbirth (OR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.91-5.72, p < 0.001, aOR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.53-5.18, p = 0.001). No other significant differences between immigrant versus non-immigrant women were found in subjective ratings of childbirth care experiences. Having a Norwegian-born partner and a high level of Norwegian language skills did not influence the immigrant women's experience of childbirth care. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that many women feel they receive high-quality health care during childbirth, but a considerable number still report not having their health care needs met. Also, multiparous immigrant women report significantly more unmet health care needs than non-immigrants. Further research is required to assess immigrant women's childbirth experiences and for health care providers to give optimal care, which may need to be tailored to a woman's cultural background and individual expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Reppen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lena Henriksen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Balstad Magnussen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jennifer Jean Infanti
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Pun KD, Bjørngaard JH, Schei B, Darj E. Violence Exposed Nepalese Pregnant Women have an Accepting Attitude to Domestic Violence and Suffer from Emotional Distress. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2023; 21:118-124. [PMID: 38628002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Violence against women and girls is frequent, a third of all women is estimated to experience violence in their lifetime and mostly by an intimate partner. Women in Southeast Asia are most affected, and previous studies in Nepal found that one in five women had experiences of domestic violence, including being afraid of someone in the family. Objective To investigate women's attitudes to domestic violence and their emotional distress, in a specific group of pregnant women. Method Validated questions from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and experiences of domestic violence, and questions from the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-5), measuring depression and anxiety, were used. Women could answer anonymously by hearing questions in a headset and touching a tablet screen, for 'yes' or 'no'. Result In total 1011 pregnant women participated in the research and 240 women admitted being exposed to domestic violence (23.7%). These women had a more accepting attitude to violence compared to non-violence exposed women. They agreed more that the husband had good reasons to hit his wife, if she does not complete the household work to his satisfaction, she disobeys or refuses to have sex with him. Violence exposed women also reported more emotional distress and subsequently reduced wellbeing. They admitted worrying too much, feelings of hopelessness, feeling blue, fearful, or nervous. Conclusion The present study found that the pregnant Nepali women having an accepting attitude to violence suffer from emotional distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Pun
- Director, Department of Nursing and Midwifery Program, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - J H Bjørngaard
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - B Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E Darj
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Andreasen K, Zapata-Calvente AL, Martín-de-Las-Heras S, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Schei B, Dokkedahl S, de León de León S, Fernandez Lopez R, Oviedo-Gutiérrez A, Ankerstjerne LBS, Megías JL, Khan KS, Rasch V, Linde DS. Video Consultations and Safety App Targeting Pregnant Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence in Denmark and Spain: Nested Cohort Intervention Study (STOP Study). JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e38563. [PMID: 36939835 PMCID: PMC10132014 DOI: 10.2196/38563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a public health issue with wide-ranging consequences for both the mother and fetus, and interventions are needed. Therefore, the Stop Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy (STOP) cohort was established with the overall aim to identify pregnant women exposed to IPV through digital screening and offer women screening positive for IPV a digital supportive intervention. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to (1) introduce the design and profile of the STOP cohort study, (2) assess the feasibility of implementing digital IPV screening among pregnant women, and (3) assess the feasibility of implementing a digital supportive intervention targeting pregnant women exposed to IPV. METHODS Pregnant women attending antenatal care in the Region of Southern Denmark and in Andalucía, Spain were offered digital screening for IPV using validated scales (Abuse Assessment Screen and Women Abuse Screening Tool). Women who screened positive were eligible to receive a digital supportive intervention. The intervention consisted of 3-6 video consultations with an IPV counselor and a safety planning app. In Denmark, IPV counselors were antenatal care midwives trained by a psychologist specialized in IPV, whereas in Spain, the counselor was a psychologist. RESULTS Data collection started in February 2021 and was completed in October 2022. Across Denmark and Spain, a total of 19,442 pregnant women were invited for IPV screening and 16,068 women (82.65%) completed the screening. More women in Spain screened positive for exposure to IPV (350/2055, 17.03%) than in Denmark (1195/14,013, 8.53%). Among the women who screened positive, only 31.39% (485/1545) were eligible to receive the intervention with only 104 (21.4%) of these women ultimately receiving it. CONCLUSIONS Digital screening for IPV among pregnant women is feasible in an antenatal care context in Denmark and Spain; however, a digital supportive intervention during pregnancy appears to have limited feasibility as only a minor subgroup of women who screened positive for eligibility received the intervention. More research is needed on how to best support pregnant women exposed to IPV if universal IPV screening is to be implemented in antenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Andreasen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network-Spain, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sct. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sarah Dokkedahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Lea Bo Sønderlund Ankerstjerne
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesús L Megías
- Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Khalid Saeed Khan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network-Spain, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Vibeke Rasch
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte S Linde
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Haugen T, Halvorsen JØ, Friborg O, Simpson MR, Mork PJ, Mikkelsen G, Elklit A, Rothbaum BO, Schei B, Hagemann C. Modified prolonged exposure therapy as Early Intervention after Rape (The EIR-study): study protocol for a multicenter randomized add-on superiority trial. Trials 2023; 24:126. [PMID: 36810120 PMCID: PMC9942301 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07147-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual assault and rape are the traumatic life events with the highest probability for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can have devastating consequences for those afflicted by the condition. Studies indicate that modified prolonged exposure (mPE) therapy may be effective in preventing the development of PTSD in recently traumatized individuals, and especially for people who have experienced sexual assault. If a brief, manualized early intervention can prevent or reduce post-traumatic symptoms in women who have recently experienced rape, healthcare services targeted for these populations (i.e., sexual assault centers, SACs) should consider implementing such interventions as part of routine care. METHODS/DESIGN This is a multicenter randomized controlled add-on superiority trial that enrolls patients attending sexual assault centers within 72 h after rape or attempted rape. The objective is to assess whether mPE shortly after rape can prevent the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Patients will be randomized to either mPE plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. The primary outcome is the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms 3 months after trauma. Secondary outcomes will be symptoms of depression, sleep difficulties, pelvic floor hyperactivity, and sexual dysfunction. The first 22 subjects will constitute an internal pilot trial to test acceptance of the intervention and feasibility of the assessment battery. DISCUSSION This study will guide further research and clinical initiatives for implementing strategies for preventing post-traumatic stress symptoms after rape and provide new knowledge about which women may benefit the most from such initiatives and for revising existing treatment guidelines within this area. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05489133. Registered on 3 August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Haugen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Pb. 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Joar Øveraas Halvorsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Pb. 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Pb. 6050 Langnes, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Melanie Rae Simpson
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Pb. 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Pb. 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gustav Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Pb. 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ask Elklit
- National Danish center for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Barbara O Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Program and the Trauma and Anxiety Recovery Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Pb. 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Pb. 3250 Sluppen, NO-7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilie Hagemann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Pb. 3250 Sluppen, NO-7006, Trondheim, Norway
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8
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Teigen PK, Hagemann CT, Fors EA, Stauri E, Hoffmann RL, Schei B. Chronic vulvar pain in gynecological outpatients. Scand J Pain 2023; 23:97-103. [PMID: 35822705 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2021-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic vulvar pain (CVP) is pain in the vulvar area exceeding three months of duration. Previous studies have reported a prevalence of 7-8% in the general population and observed an association between CVP and other chronic pain, affective disorders and early life stressors. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of CVP among gynecological outpatients and to explore its association with child sexual abuse, comorbid fibromyalgia and mental health. METHODS We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among consecutive women attending an unselected general gynecological outpatient clinic at St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, during the period August 1st, 2017, to June 30th, 2018. CVP was defined as having experienced either vulvar burning, sharp pain or allodynia for three months or more within the previous year. Fibromyalgia was defined as widespread pain in the past six months in conjunction with a symptom severity score ≥5 on the fibromyalgia symptom severity score inventory, an ordinal scale from zero to 12. We collected information on sexual coercion experience and assessed mental health with the mental health inventory (MHI-5) of the SF-36 health survey, which yields a zero to five scale. RESULTS Of 1,125 questionnaires distributed, 810 (72%) were returned, and 762 (68%) included in final analyses. Among these, 130 (17.1%) reported CVP within the previous year and 92 (16.7%) were classified as suffering from fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia was associated with CVP (adjusted OR of 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.1). Child sexual abuse was reported by 96 (13.1%) and was associated with CVP (adjusted OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3). CVP and fibromyalgia were both associated with lower mental health scores; 0.51 and 0.58 points on the MHI-5 scale, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Chronic vulvar pain is common among women in a gynecological outpatient clinic and associated with child sexual abuse, comorbid fibromyalgia and worse mental health. Ethical committee number: REK Midt No. 2016/2150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Kristen Teigen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilie Therese Hagemann
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Egil Andreas Fors
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Stauri
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Risa Lonnée Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Kjeldgaard HK, Meyer HE, O'Flaherty M, Apalset EM, Dahl C, Emaus N, Fenstad AM, Furnes O, Gjertsen JE, Hoff M, Schei B, Søgaard AJ, Tell GS, Holvik K. Impact of Total Hip Replacements on the Incidence of Hip Fractures in Norway During 1999-2019. A Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS) Study. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1936-1943. [PMID: 35877138 PMCID: PMC9804722 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about why hip fracture rates in Norway have declined is sparse. Concurrent with decreasing hip fracture rates, the rates of total hip replacements (THRs) have increased. We wanted to investigate if hip fracture rates continued to decline, and whether the increase in THRs had any influence on this decline, assuming that living with a hip prosthesis precludes fracture of the operated hip. Information on hip fractures in Norway 1999-2019 was available from the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS) hip fracture database and population size were available in official population tables from Statistics Norway. Primary THRs (for any cause except hip fracture) 1989-2019 were obtained from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. We calculated the annual age-standardized incidence rates of hip fracture by sex for the period 1999-2019. The hip fracture rates in a scenario with no hip prostheses were calculated by subtracting 0.5 persons from the population at risk for each prevalent hip prosthesis, considering that each person has two hips at risk of fracture. We estimated how much of the decline could be attributed to the increased prevalence of hip prostheses. From 1999 to 2019, age-standardized incidence rates of hip fracture decreased by 27% in women and 20% in men. The rates remained stable in those under 70 years and decreased in those 70 years and above. Excluding replaced hips from the population at risk led to higher incidence rates, and this impact was considerably larger at higher ages. The increased prevalence of hip prostheses over the period accounted for approximately 18% (20% in women and 11% in men) of the observed decline in hip fracture rates. In conclusion, the incidence of hip fractures continued to decline, and the increasing number of people living with hip prostheses contributed significantly to the observed declining time trends. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kames Kjeldgaard
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin O'Flaherty
- Department of Public Health & Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ellen M Apalset
- Bergen Group of Epidemiology and Biomarkers in Rheumatic Disease, Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Dahl
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Marie Fenstad
- The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Furnes
- The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan-Erik Gjertsen
- The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hoff
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Johanne Søgaard
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Holvik
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Vandenput L, Johansson H, McCloskey EV, Liu E, Åkesson KE, Anderson FA, Azagra R, Bager CL, Beaudart C, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Biver E, Bruyère O, Cauley JA, Center JR, Chapurlat R, Christiansen C, Cooper C, Crandall CJ, Cummings SR, da Silva JAP, Dawson-Hughes B, Diez-Perez A, Dufour AB, Eisman JA, Elders PJM, Ferrari S, Fujita Y, Fujiwara S, Glüer CC, Goldshtein I, Goltzman D, Gudnason V, Hall J, Hans D, Hoff M, Hollick RJ, Huisman M, Iki M, Ish-Shalom S, Jones G, Karlsson MK, Khosla S, Kiel DP, Koh WP, Koromani F, Kotowicz MA, Kröger H, Kwok T, Lamy O, Langhammer A, Larijani B, Lippuner K, Mellström D, Merlijn T, Nordström A, Nordström P, O'Neill TW, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Ohlsson C, Orwoll ES, Pasco JA, Rivadeneira F, Schei B, Schott AM, Shiroma EJ, Siggeirsdottir K, Simonsick EM, Sornay-Rendu E, Sund R, Swart KMA, Szulc P, Tamaki J, Torgerson DJ, van Schoor NM, van Staa TP, Vila J, Wareham NJ, Wright NC, Yoshimura N, Zillikens MC, Zwart M, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Leslie WD, Kanis JA. Update of the fracture risk prediction tool FRAX: a systematic review of potential cohorts and analysis plan. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2103-2136. [PMID: 35639106 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We describe the collection of cohorts together with the analysis plan for an update of the fracture risk prediction tool FRAX with respect to current and novel risk factors. The resource comprises 2,138,428 participants with a follow-up of approximately 20 million person-years and 116,117 documented incident major osteoporotic fractures. INTRODUCTION The availability of the fracture risk assessment tool FRAX® has substantially enhanced the targeting of treatment to those at high risk of fracture with FRAX now incorporated into more than 100 clinical osteoporosis guidelines worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine whether the current algorithms can be further optimised with respect to current and novel risk factors. METHODS A computerised literature search was performed in PubMed from inception until May 17, 2019, to identify eligible cohorts for updating the FRAX coefficients. Additionally, we searched the abstracts of conference proceedings of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, European Calcified Tissue Society and World Congress of Osteoporosis. Prospective cohort studies with data on baseline clinical risk factors and incident fractures were eligible. RESULTS Of the 836 records retrieved, 53 were selected for full-text assessment after screening on title and abstract. Twelve cohorts were deemed eligible and of these, 4 novel cohorts were identified. These cohorts, together with 60 previously identified cohorts, will provide the resource for constructing an updated version of FRAX comprising 2,138,428 participants with a follow-up of approximately 20 million person-years and 116,117 documented incident major osteoporotic fractures. For each known and candidate risk factor, multivariate hazard functions for hip fracture, major osteoporotic fracture and death will be tested using extended Poisson regression. Sex- and/or ethnicity-specific differences in the weights of the risk factors will be investigated. After meta-analyses of the cohort-specific beta coefficients for each risk factor, models comprising 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporotic fracture, with or without femoral neck bone mineral density, will be computed. CONCLUSIONS These assembled cohorts and described models will provide the framework for an updated FRAX tool enabling enhanced assessment of fracture risk (PROSPERO (CRD42021227266)).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vandenput
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Johansson
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - E V McCloskey
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing, Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - E Liu
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K E Åkesson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - F A Anderson
- GLOW Coordinating Center, Center for Outcomes Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - R Azagra
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Center Badia del Valles, Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain
- GROIMAP (Research Group), Unitat de Suport a La Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C L Bager
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - C Beaudart
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - H A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital, Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Centre On Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Bruyère
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J R Center
- Bone Biology, Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Chapurlat
- INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | | | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, , University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C J Crandall
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J A P da Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital and University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B Dawson-Hughes
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Diez-Perez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar and CIBERFES, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A B Dufour
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J A Eisman
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P J M Elders
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Fujita
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Fujiwara
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C-C Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - I Goldshtein
- Maccabitech Institute of Research and Innovation, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - J Hall
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Hans
- Centre of Bone Diseases, Bone and Joint Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Hoff
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - R J Hollick
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Iki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Ish-Shalom
- Endocrine Clinic, Elisha Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | - G Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - M K Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center On Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D P Kiel
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W-P Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - F Koromani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A Kotowicz
- IMPACT (Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Kröger
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - O Lamy
- Centre of Bone Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - B Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Lippuner
- Department of Osteoporosis, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Mellström
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - T Merlijn
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Nordström
- Division of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- School of Sport Sciences, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - P Nordström
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T W O'Neill
- National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - B Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - C Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E S Orwoll
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J A Pasco
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - F Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gynecology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A-M Schott
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, U INSERM 1290 RESHAPE, Lyon, France
| | - E J Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Siggeirsdottir
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Janus Rehabilitation, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - E M Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - R Sund
- Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K M A Swart
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Szulc
- INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - J Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - D J Torgerson
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - N M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T P van Staa
- Centre for Health Informatics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Vila
- Statistics Support Unit, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - N J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N C Wright
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - N Yoshimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine for Locomotive Organ Disorders, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M C Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Zwart
- Health Center Can Gibert del Plà, Catalan Institute of Health, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- GROIMAP (Research Group), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - M Lorentzon
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - W D Leslie
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J A Kanis
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.
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11
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Berg EM, Schei B, Støen R, Sundby J. Kristin Lossius. Tidsskriftet 2022. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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12
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Dahl C, Holvik K, Meyer HE, Stigum H, Solbakken SM, Schei B, Søgaard AJ, Omsland TK. Re: "Hip Fracture and Mortality: A Loss of Life Expectancy Interpretation" by Thao T Ho-Le and Tuan V Nguyen. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2459-2460. [PMID: 34087018 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Dahl
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Holvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri M Solbakken
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Institute of Community Medicine and Nursing, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne-Johanne Søgaard
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Dahl J, Gulseth HL, Forsén L, Hoff M, Forsmo S, Åsvold BO, Schei B, Midthjell K, Meyer HE. Risk of hip and forearm fracture in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults. The HUNT Study, Norway. Bone 2021; 153:116110. [PMID: 34252601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus incur an increased risk of fracture, with a generally higher risk among individuals with type 1 diabetes. The fracture risk among individuals with latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA) is not known. The present cohort study aimed to estimate the risk of hip and forearm fracture among individuals with LADA, alongside type 1 and type 2 diabetes, using data from the second survey of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2) in 1995-97. All inhabitants aged 20 years or older (N = 92,936) were invited to attend, of whom 65,234 (70%) participated. A total of 1972 (3%) reported to have diabetes; 1399 were found to have type 2 diabetes, 144 to have LADA, and 138 to have type 1 diabetes. All participants were followed prospectively with respect to hip- and forearm fractures by linkage to the local fracture registry. During a median follow-up of 16.2 years, 2695 persons with hip fractures and 3533 persons with forearm fractures were identified. There was an increased risk of hip fracture in women with type 2 diabetes (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.24-1.85) and LADA (HR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.25-3.72), whereas women with type 1 diabetes did not have a significantly increased risk (HR = 2.13, 95% CI 0.89-5.14). Among men, only LADA was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture (HR = 2.69, 95% CI 1.34-5.41). There was no statistically significant association between any of the diabetes types and forearm fracture. In women with type 2 diabetes, the highest risks of hip fracture were observed among those with highest HbA1c level at baseline, longest time since diagnosis, and most visual and movement impairment. We found that individuals with LADA had an increased risk of hip fracture similar to that previously reported for individuals with type 1 diabetes, and no increased risk of forearm fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Dahl
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Lisa Forsén
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Hoff
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siri Forsmo
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Midthjell
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Hoff M, Skovlund E, Meyer HE, Langhammer A, Søgaard AJ, Syversen U, Holvik K, Abrahamsen B, Schei B. Does treatment with bisphosphonates protect against fractures in real life? The HUNT study, Norway. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1395-1404. [PMID: 33479844 PMCID: PMC8192327 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bisphosphonates reduce fractures in randomized controlled trials (RCT); however, there is less information from real life. In our population including 14,990 women and 13,239 men, use of bisphosphonates reduced risk of fractures in hip and forearm in women. The magnitude of the effect was comparable to results from RCT. INTRODUCTION The objective was to examine if treatment with bisphosphonates (BPs) was associated with reduced risk of fractures in the hip and forearm in women and men in the general population. METHODS In a cohort study based on data from the third wave of the population-based HUNT Study (HUNT3), the fracture registry in Nord-Trøndelag, and the Norwegian Prescription Database, 14,990 women and 13,239 men 50-85 years were followed from the date of participating in HUNT3 (2006-2008) until the date of first fracture in the hip or forearm, death, or end of study (31 December 2012). Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for hip and forearm fracture according to use of BPs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent exposure. Adjustment for individual FRAX® fracture risk assessment scores was included. RESULTS BPs, predominantly alendronate, were used by 9.4% of the women and 1.5% of the men. During a median of 5.2 years of follow-up, 265 women and 133 men had a hip fracture, and 662 women and 127 men had a forearm fracture. Compared with non-users of BPs, the hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval for a fracture among users of BPs adjusted for age and FRAX® were 0.67 (0.52-0.86) for women and 1.13 (0.50-2.57) for men. Among users of glucocorticoids, the corresponding figures were 0.35 (0.19-0.66) and 1.16 (0.33-4.09), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Use of BPs was associated with reduced risk of fractures in hip and forearm in women, and the magnitude of effect is comparable to results from RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoff
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - E Skovlund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - H E Meyer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - A J Søgaard
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - U Syversen
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - K Holvik
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Abrahamsen
- Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - B Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gynecology, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Eriksen AMA, Melhus M, Jacobsen BK, Schei B, Broderstad AR. Intimate partner violence and its association with mental health problems: The importance of childhood violence - The SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey. Scand J Public Health 2021; 50:1179-1191. [PMID: 34192982 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211024481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its association with psychological distress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress (PTS) among Sami and non-Sami and to explore whether the association between IPV and mental health is modified by exposure to childhood violence (CV). These issues are scarcely studied among the Sami. METHODS This study was based on the cross-sectional SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey, a part of the Population-based Study on Health and Living Conditions in Regions with Sami and Norwegian Populations (SAMINOR). Chi-square tests and two-sample t-tests were used to test differences between groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to explore the association between IPV/CV and continuous scores of psychological distress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. RESULTS Experiences of IPV (emotional, physical, and/or sexual) were reported by 12.8% of women and 2.0% of men. A significantly higher proportion of Sami women reported exposure to emotional (12.4 v. 9.5%, p = 0.003), physical (11.6 v. 6.9%, p < 0.001), and any IPV (17.2 v. 11.8%, p < 0.001) compared to non-Sami women. There were no ethnic differences in sexual IPV among women (2%). Exposure to IPV was associated with a higher score of psychological distress and PTS and was highest among those exposed to both IPV and CV. CONCLUSIONS Sami women reported the highest prevalence of IPV. The association between IPV/CV and mental health problems did not differ by ethnicity or gender. The most severe mental health problems were observed for those who were exposed to both IPV and CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M A Eriksen
- Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Marita Melhus
- Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health, NTNU, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olav`s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway
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16
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Dahl C, Holvik K, Meyer HE, Stigum H, Solbakken SM, Schei B, Søgaard AJ, Omsland TK. Increased Mortality in Hip Fracture Patients Living Alone: A NOREPOS Study. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:480-488. [PMID: 33403722 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hip fracture is associated with excess mortality, persisting for many years after the fracture. Several factors may affect survival; however, the role of social support has been less studied. Living situation could be an indicator of a person's social support, which predicts mortality in the general population. In this longitudinal cohort study, we considered whether living alone was a risk factor for post-hip fracture mortality compared with living with a partner. Information on hip fractures from all hospitals in Norway from 2002 to 2013 was combined with the 2001 National Population and Housing Census. The association between living situation and mortality during 12.8 years of follow-up in 12,770 men and 22,067 women aged 50 to 79 years at fracture was investigated using flexible parametric survival analysis. We also estimated relative survival of hip fracture patients compared with that of the non-fractured background population in the same living situation (alone or with a partner). Higher mortality after hip fracture was found in both men and women living alone versus with a partner (hazard ratio [HR] men = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-1.44; HR women = 1.23, 95% CI 1.18-1.28, adjusting for age, education level, urbanization degree, and number of children). We demonstrated the strongest association in male hip fracture patients aged <60 years (long-term mortality HR = 3.29, 95% CI 2.25-6.49). Compared with the general population, relative survival 8 years after a hip fracture was 43% in men and 61% in women living alone, whereas relative survival in those living with a partner was 51% in men and 67% in women. In conclusion, hip fracture patients who lived alone had higher mortality than those living with a partner and lower survival relative to the general population. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Dahl
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Holvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri M Solbakken
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Institute of Community Medicine and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne-Johanne Søgaard
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Moen MH, Forsmo S, Eik-Nes S, Schei B, Salvesen P, Sunde A. Kåre Molne. Tidsskriftet 2021. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Friborg O, Sørlie T, Schei B, Javo C, Sørbye Ø, Hansen KL. Do Childhood Boarding School Experiences Predict Health, Well-Being and Disability Pension in Adults? A SAMINOR Study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022120962571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous Sámi and Kven minority children in Norway were during the 20th century placed at boarding schools to hasten their adoption of the Norwegian majority language and culture. This is the first population-based study examining health, well-being and disability pension rates among these children. Data stem from two epidemiological studies conducted in 2003/04 (SAMINOR 1) and 2012 (SAMINOR 2) by the Centre for Sami Health Research. The SAMINOR 1 study included N = 13,974 residents (50.1% women, Mage = 52.9 years) and n = 2,125 boarding participants (49.6% women, Mage = 56.2 years). The SAMINOR 2 part included N = 10,512 residents (55.5% women, Mage = 47.6 years) and n = 1246 boarding participants (48.7% women, Mage = 54.1 years). Main outcome measures are mental and general health, well-being and disability pension linearly regressed upon the predictors. We observed minor differences between boarding and non-boarding participants that generally disfavored the former, of which many disappeared after covariate adjustment. Boarding school participants reported more discrimination, violence, unhealthier lifestyle behavior (smoking), less education and household income compared to non-boarding participants. The exceptionally long timeframe between boarding school and the current outcome measures (40–50 years) is a likely reason for the weak associations. The study supports the international literature on health inequalities and highlights the risk of ill health following boarding school placement of indigenous or minority children. On a positive note, participants reporting stronger ethnic belonging (strong Sámi identity) were well protected, and even functioned better in terms of lower disability rates than majority Norwegians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic university of Norway, University of Tromsø
| | - Tore Sørlie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, University of Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Norway
| | - Cecilie Javo
- Sámi National Centre for Mental Health and Substance Abuse (SANKS), Sámi Klinihkka, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Karasjok, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørbye
- Sámi National Centre for Mental Health and Substance Abuse (SANKS), Sámi Klinihkka, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Karasjok, Norway
| | - Ketil Lenert Hansen
- Regional Centre for Child, Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare North (RKBU Nord), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of domestic violence, with subgroups of physical, sexual and emotional violence, among men and women and to assess the association between any lifetime domestic violence (DV) and mental distress among ever-married men and women. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study from October to November 2016 using a multistage sampling design. DV questionnaire was adopted from the Demographic and Health Survey programme. Mental distress was estimated using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 (HSCL-10). HSCL-score and DV were the outcome and exposure variables, respectively, in multiple linear regression. Prevalence estimates and associations were presented with a 95% CI and the Wald test. SETTING Urban and rural areas of the Yangon region, Myanmar. PARTICIPANTS Men and women ages 18 to 49 years were included. Institutionalised people, monks, nuns and individuals deemed too ill physically and/or mentally to participate were excluded. RESULTS A random sample of 2383 people was included in the analyses. Among ever-married participants, lifetime (LT) and past-12-month (12M) prevalence of any domestic violence victimisation was higher in women compared with men: LT women: 61.8% (95% CI: 54.3 to 68.9) versus LT men: 42.4% (95% CI: 37.5 to 47.5) and 12M women: 51.2% (95% CI: 44.9 to 57.5) versus 12M men: 37.7% (95% CI: 32.9 to 42.7). Among never-married participants, lifetime physical and sexual violence victimisation rates was higher in men (34.3% and 7.9%) compared with women (19.1% and 6.4%). Mental distress was significantly associated with lifetime DV in women who were afraid of their husbands and men who had wives who exhibited controlling behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Domestic violence is prevalent among both men and women and is associated with mental distress. The findings highlight an urgent need to prevent domestic violence in both sexes, including through legal and policy reform and improved mental health services for DV victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Thuzar Aye
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine (2), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Lars Lien
- National Norwegian advisory board for concurrent addiction and mental health problems, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal and Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Science, Elverum, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johanne Sundby
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Bjertness
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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Gashaw BT, Schei B, Solbraekke KN, Magnus JH. Ethiopian Health Care Workers' Insights into and Responses to Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy-A Qualitative Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17103745. [PMID: 32466276 PMCID: PMC7277814 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Violence against women is a global pandemic, with the potential to spread through generations. Intimate partner violence has impacts on women’s sexual, reproductive, and psycho-social health. It can occur during pregnancy and adversely affect the health of both mother and child. Health care workers involved in antenatal care can have a unique role in identifying intimate partner violence and in intervening, preventing, and mitigating its consequences. In this study, the objective was to explore Ethiopian health care workers’ insights of and responses to intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Using an exploratory design, this qualitative study includes ten semi-structured interviews of health care workers representing different antenatal care centers in Jimma, Ethiopia. The content analyses of translated interview notes were conducted with Atlas.ti7 software, (Atlas.ti Scientific Software Development Gmbh, Berlin). The health care workers shared their insights of the consequences of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in addition to their experience with and responses to the victims. There was a limited understanding of the extent of the adverse impacts of intimate partner violence on pregnancy outcomes, as well as the potential long-term health implications. The informants described how they only gave medical treatment for obstetric complications or visible trauma during pregnancy. There was no formal referral to or linkages with other resources. Women’s empowerment and systemic changes in the health care, including training and capacity building, clear guidelines addressing management of intimate partner violence in pregnancy, and inclusion of intimate partner violence screening tools in the Ethiopian antenatal care chart/card, were recommended by the informants. The adverse impacts of intimate partner violence on pregnancy outcomes were poorly understood by the Ethiopian health care workers in this study. They offered limited assistance to the victims and recommended changes in the routine antenatal care (ANC) and health care systems. They identified various policy initiatives focusing on women’s empowerment to reduce intimate partner violence and its complications especially during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosena Tebeje Gashaw
- College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, 1355 Jimma, Ethiopia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence:
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olav’s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim University Hospital, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Jeanette H. Magnus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
- Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Vik BF, Rasmussen K, Schei B, Hagemann CT. Three groups of suspects in police reported rape cases: First-time suspects, recidivists and unidentified suspects. A comparative study. J Forensic Leg Med 2020; 71:101771. [PMID: 32342899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies show that reported suspects in adult rape cases often have a criminal record, and that many are rape recidivists. Annual numbers of police reported rapes have dramatically increased but the proportion of rapes being prosecuted and numbers of convictions are low. To increase knowledge about the suspects in cases of police reported rapes; whether they have committed the crime before or not may inform preventive measures. AIMS To compare suspect, victim, and assault related characteristics among different groups of police-reported rape suspects (first-time suspects, recidivist suspects and unidentified suspects). METHODS Retrospective, descriptive study of suspects in cases of rape or attempted rape reported by women ≥16 years of age in the Sør-Trøndelag police district, Norway, from 2003 to 2010. RESULTS Among the 356 suspects included, 207 (58%) were first-time suspects, 75 (21%) were recidivists and 74 (21%) were unidentified. Being a first-time suspect was significantly associated with victim being <18 years, recidivist suspect was significantly associated with victim being a partner, both suspect- and victim unemployment, and suspect reporting intake of other drugs than alcohol. When suspects were unidentified, victims were more likely to have consumed alcohol prior to assault, and reporting the suspect being of non-Western origin. Also, the reporting of a public venue was more frequent when unidentified suspect. CONCLUSIONS The study shows different patterns in groups of suspects as to victim and assault characteristics. Detection and description of such differences can provide valuable information for future prevention programs, police investigation methods and health care guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarte Frode Vik
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, P.B. 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs Hospital, Department of Neuropsychiatry, P.B. 3250 Sluppen, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kirsten Rasmussen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Psychology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs Hospital, Forensic Research Unit, Brøset, P.B. 1803 Lade, 7440, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.B. 8905, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology St. Olavs Hospital, P.B. 3250 Sluppen, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilie Therese Hagemann
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, P.B. 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology St. Olavs Hospital, P.B. 3250 Sluppen, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway
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Rishal P, Devi Pun K, Schei B, Bhandari B, Kumar Joshi S, Swahnberg K, Infanti JJ, Lukasse M. Improving Safety Among Pregnant Women Reporting Domestic Violence in Nepal-A Pilot Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2268. [PMID: 32230945 PMCID: PMC7177396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Domestic violence (DV) during pregnancy is associated with poor health outcomes for both the mother and newborn, and sometimes death. In a low-income country like Nepal, women have few options to leave abusive situations. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to improve their safety. The aim of our study was to explore the use of safety measures before and after an educational intervention among women who have reported DV during pregnancy. Materials and methods: Of 1010 pregnant women screened consecutively for DV using the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) during routine antenatal care, 181 women reported domestic violence. All 1010 participating pregnant women were taught 15 safety measures using a locally developed flipchart. We obtained contact with 80 of the 181 eligible women postpartum, of whom 62 completed the follow-up assessment. We explored and described the use of safety measures at baseline and follow-up, using a standardized instrument called the Safety Behavior Checklist. Results: At follow-up, less than half of the women (n = 30, or 48.3%) reported any form of DV. Of the women who reported DV at follow-up, significantly more reported the experience of both violence and fear at baseline (21.9%, p = 0.01) compared with the women who did not report DV at follow-up (3.3%, p = 0.01). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures at baseline (56) and follow-up (80) compared with women reporting DV at baseline only (36 and 46). Women reporting DV at baseline and follow-up used more safety measures for the first time at follow-up, 57 new measures compared with the 28 new measures used by women reporting DV at baseline only. Conclusions: The use of a flipchart teaching session on safety measures within antenatal care may increase the number of safety measures women use to protect themselves during pregnancy and decrease the risks of adverse health effects of DV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Rishal
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postbox 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.R.); (K.D.P.); (B.S.); (J.J.I.)
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, PO Box 21266, Sinamangal, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University and Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel 45200, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Kunta Devi Pun
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postbox 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.R.); (K.D.P.); (B.S.); (J.J.I.)
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University and Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel 45200, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postbox 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.R.); (K.D.P.); (B.S.); (J.J.I.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Postbox 3250, Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Buna Bhandari
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, PO Box 21266, Sinamangal, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Katarina Swahnberg
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnæus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden;
| | - Jennifer Jean Infanti
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postbox 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (P.R.); (K.D.P.); (B.S.); (J.J.I.)
| | - Mirjam Lukasse
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postbox 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Postbox 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Campus Vestfold, 3184 Borre, Norway
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Vik BF, Rasmussen K, Schei B, Hagemann CT. Is police investigation of rape biased by characteristics of victims? Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:98-106. [PMID: 32412007 PMCID: PMC7219117 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim To explore differences in police investigations between cases of rape against women with and without vulnerability factors. Methods Retrospective, descriptive study of cases of rape against women ≥16 years of age. Cases involving victims with and without vulnerability factors were compared regarding the quality of police investigation. Results Vulnerability was present among 68% of the victims. Cases with vulnerable victims had an adjusted odds ratio for a low-quality police investigation of 2.1 (95% CI [1.0-4.4]) compared to cases where victims were non-vulnerable. Conclusions Our results do not prove that rape myths existed among police officers. Our findings show a trend indicating that vulnerable victims may have been less prioritized compared to non-vulnerable victims. More studies are needed regarding how the police respond to rape complaints and to what degree police investigations are influenced by different characteristics of victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarte Frode Vik
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, P.B. 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs Hospital, Department of Neuropsychiatry, P.B. 3250 Torgarden, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kirsten Rasmussen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Psychology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs Hospital, Forensic Research Unit, Brøset, P.B. 1803 Lade, 7440, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.B. 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology St. Olavs Hospital, P.B. 3250 Sluppen, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilie Therese Hagemann
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, P.B. 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology St. Olavs Hospital, P.B. 3250 Sluppen, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway
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Hoff M, Skovlund E, Skurtveit S, Meyer HE, Langhammer A, Søgaard AJ, Syversen U, Forsmo S, Abrahamsen B, Schei B. Proton pump inhibitors and fracture risk. The HUNT study, Norway. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:109-118. [PMID: 31741023 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been linked to increased risk of fracture; the data have, however, been diverging. We did not find any increased risk of fractures among users of PPIs in a Norwegian population of 15,017 women and 13,241 men aged 50-85 years with detailed information about lifestyle and comorbidity. INTRODUCTION Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed and have been linked to increased risk of fracture. METHODS We used data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3), The Fracture registry in Nord-Trøndelag, and the Norwegian Prescription Database, including 15,017 women and 13,241 men aged 50-85 years. The study population was followed from the date of participating in HUNT3 (2006-2008) until the date of first fracture (forearm or hip), death, or end of study (31 December 2012). The Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent exposure to PPIs was applied, and each individual was considered as unexposed until the first prescriptions was filled. To be included, the prescription of PPIs should minimum be equivalent to 90 defined daily doses (DDD) in the period. Individuals were defined as exposed until 6 months after end of drug supply. RESULTS The proportion of women and men using PPIs was 17.9% and 15.5%, respectively. During a median of 5.2 years follow-up, 266 women and 134 men had a first hip fracture and 662 women and 127 men, a first forearm fracture. The combined rate/1000 patient-years for forearm and hip fractures in women was 49.2 for users of PPIs compared with 64.1 among non-users; for men 18.6 and 19.8, respectively. The hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval for the first forearm or hip fracture among users of PPIs in the age-adjusted analysis were 0.82 (0.67-1.01) for women and 1.05 (0.72-1.52) for men. Adjusting for age, use of anti-osteoporotic drugs, and FRAX, the HR declined to 0.80 (0.65-0.98) in women and 1.00 (0.69-1.45) in men. CONCLUSIONS Use of PPIs was not associated with an increased risk of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoff
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PB 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Rheumatology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - E Skovlund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PB 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Skurtveit
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H E Meyer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PB 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A J Søgaard
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - U Syversen
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S Forsmo
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PB 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - B Abrahamsen
- Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PB 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gynecology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Solbakken SM, Magnus JH, Meyer HE, Dahl C, Stigum H, Søgaard AJ, Holvik K, Tell GS, Emaus N, Forsmo S, Gjesdal CG, Schei B, Vestergaard P, Omsland TK. Urban-Rural Differences in Hip Fracture Mortality: A Nationwide NOREPOS Study. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10236. [PMID: 31768493 PMCID: PMC6874178 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher hip fracture incidence in urban than in rural areas has been demonstrated, but urban–rural differences in posthip fracture mortality have been less investigated, and the results are disparate. Hence, the aims of the present register‐based cohort study were to examine possible urban–rural differences in short‐ and long‐term mortality in Norwegian hip fracture patients and their potential associations with sociodemographic variables, and to investigate possible urban–rural differences in excess mortality in hip fracture patients compared with the general population. Data were provided from the NOREPOS hip fracture database, the 2001 Population and Housing Census, and the National Registry. The urbanization degree in each municipality was determined by the proportion of inhabitants living in densely populated areas (rural: <1/3, semirural: 1/3 to 2/3, and urban: >2/3). Age‐adjusted mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios were calculated for hip fracture patients living in rural, semirural, and urban municipalities. A flexible parametric model was used to estimate age‐adjusted average and time‐varying HRs by category of urbanization with the rural category as reference. Among 96,693 hip fracture patients, urban residents had higher mortality than their rural‐dwelling counterparts. The HR of mortality in urban compared with rural areas peaked during the first 1 to 2 years postfracture with a maximum HR of 1.20 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.30) in men and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.21) in women. The differences were significant during approximately 5 years after fracture. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables did not substantially change the results. However, absolute 30‐day mortality was not significantly different between urban and rural residents, suggesting that health‐care quality immediately postfracture does not vary by urbanization. The novel findings of a higher long‐term mortality in urban hip fracture patients might reflect disparities in health status or lifestyle, differences in posthip fracture health care or rehabilitation, or a combination of several factors. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri M Solbakken
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | | | - Haakon E Meyer
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health University of Oslo Oslo Norway.,Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
| | - Cecilie Dahl
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health University of Oslo Oslo Norway.,Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
| | - Anne J Søgaard
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
| | - Kristin Holvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Siri Forsmo
- Department of Public Health and Nursing Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Clara G Gjesdal
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway.,Department of Rheumatology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway.,Department of Gynecology St Olavs Hospital Trondheim Norway
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland Aalborg Denmark
| | - Tone K Omsland
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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26
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Kitching GT, Firestone M, Schei B, Wolfe S, Bourgeois C, O'Campo P, Rotondi M, Nisenbaum R, Maddox R, Smylie J. Unmet health needs and discrimination by healthcare providers among an Indigenous population in Toronto, Canada. Can J Public Health 2019; 111:40-49. [PMID: 31435849 PMCID: PMC7046890 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-019-00242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Inequalities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada persist. Despite the growth of Indigenous populations in urban settings, information on their health is scarce. The objective of this study is to assess the association between experience of discrimination by healthcare providers and having unmet health needs within the Indigenous population of Toronto. Methods The Our Health Counts Toronto (OHCT) database was generated using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit 917 self-identified Indigenous adults within Toronto for a comprehensive health assessment survey. This cross-sectional study draws on information from 836 OHCT participants with responses to all study variables. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated to examine the relationship between lifetime experience of discrimination by a healthcare provider and having an unmet health need in the 12 months prior to the study. Stratified analysis was conducted to understand how information on access to primary care and socio-demographic factors influenced this relationship. Results The RDS-adjusted prevalence of discrimination by a healthcare provider was 28.5% (95% CI 20.4–36.5) and of unmet health needs was 27.3% (95% CI 19.1–35.5). Discrimination by a healthcare provider was positively associated with unmet health needs (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3–7.3). Conclusion This analysis provides new evidence linking discrimination in healthcare settings to disparities in healthcare access among urban Indigenous people, reinforcing existing recommendations regarding Indigenous cultural safety training for healthcare providers. Our study further demonstrates Our Health Counts methodologies, which employ robust community partnerships and RDS to address gaps in health information for urban Indigenous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tjensvoll Kitching
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. .,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Clinical Skills Building, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Michelle Firestone
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sara Wolfe
- Seventh Generation Midwives Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Patricia O'Campo
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Rotondi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosane Nisenbaum
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raglan Maddox
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Janet Smylie
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Henriksen L, Flaathen EM, Angelshaug J, Garnweidner-Holme L, Småstuen MC, Noll J, Taft A, Schei B, Lukasse M. The Safe Pregnancy study - promoting safety behaviours in antenatal care among Norwegian, Pakistani and Somali pregnant women: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:724. [PMID: 31182062 PMCID: PMC6558870 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of pregnancy is a recognized global health problem with damaging consequences. However, little is known about the effect of violence assessment and intervention during pregnancy. We hypothesise that routine enquiry about IPV during pregnancy, in combination with information about IPV and safety behaviours, has the potential to increase the use of these behaviours and prevent and reduce IPV. METHODS The Safe Pregnancy study is a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to test the effectiveness of a tablet-based intervention to promote safety behaviours among pregnant women. Midwives include women who attend routine antenatal care. The intervention consists of a screening questionnaire for violence and information about violence and safety behaviours through a short video shown on a tablet. The materials are available in different languages to ensure participation of Norwegian, Urdu, Somali and English-speaking women. Eligible women answer baseline questions on the tablet including the Abuse Assessment Scale (AAS). Women who screen positive on the AAS will be randomized to an intervention video that contains information about violence and safety behaviours and women in the control group to a video with general information about a healthy and a safe pregnancy. All women receive information about referral resources. Follow up will be at three months post-partum, when the woman attends the maternal and child health centre (MCHC) for the baby's check-up. Outcome measures are: Use of safety behaviours and quality of life (primary outcomes), prevalence of violence, mental health measures and birth outcomes (secondary outcomes). Intention to treat analysis will be performed. DISCUSSION The project will provide evidence on whether enquiry about violence and a short video intervention on a tablet is effective and feasible to prevent or reduce harm from IPV among women who attend antenatal care. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03397277 (Registered 11th January 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Henriksen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eva Marie Flaathen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanette Angelshaug
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Garnweidner-Holme
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milada Cvancarova Småstuen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Josef Noll
- Department of Technology Systems, University of Oslo, P.O box 20, 2007, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Angela Taft
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and General Practice at the Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Håkon Jarls gate 11, N-7489, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynaecology at the Women's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Sluppen, Postbox 3250, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mirjam Lukasse
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
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Vik BF, Nöttestad JA, Schei B, Rasmussen K, Hagemann CT. Psychosocial Vulnerability Among Patients Contacting a Norwegian Sexual Assault Center. J Interpers Violence 2019; 34:2138-2157. [PMID: 27449896 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516659657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the objective was to assess the occurrence of specific vulnerability factors among adult and adolescent females attending a Norwegian sexual assault center (SAC). We also explored assault characteristics and investigated whether these characteristics differed between the group of patients with vulnerability factors compared with the group without such factors. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 573 women ≥ 12 years of age attending the SAC at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, between July 1, 2003 and December 31, 2010. A patient was considered vulnerable if at least one of the following features was present: intellectual or physical disability; history of present/former mental health problems; history of present/former alcohol/substance abuse; or former sexual assault. At least one vulnerability factor was present in 59% of the cases. More than one vulnerability factor was present in 29%. Reporting at least one vulnerability factor was associated with a higher patient age, unemployment, a higher frequency of reported light/moderate physical violence, and the documentation of minor body injury. In contrast, those without vulnerability more often were students assaulted during night time, by a casual or stranger assailant and reporting a higher intake of alcohol prior to the assault. There are obvious patterns of differences in the nature of sexual assaults reported among victims with specific vulnerability factors compared with victims without these factors. Future research should address these differences and possible solutions for better protection of especially vulnerable individuals against sexual offenses, such as those with mental health and substance abuse difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarte Frode Vik
- 1 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- 2 St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jim Aage Nöttestad
- 1 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- 2 St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- 1 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- 2 St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kirsten Rasmussen
- 1 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- 2 St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilie Therese Hagemann
- 1 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- 2 St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Eriksen AMA, Hansen KL, Schei B, Sørlie T, Stigum H, Bjertness E, Javo C. Childhood violence and mental health among indigenous Sami and non-Sami populations in Norway: a SAMINOR 2 questionnaire study. Int J Circumpolar Health 2019; 77:1508320. [PMID: 30112962 PMCID: PMC6104612 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2018.1508320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to investigate the association between childhood violence and psychological distress and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS) among Sami and non-Sami adults, and to explore a possible mediating effect of childhood violence on any ethnic differences in mental health. This study is part of a larger questionnaire survey on health and living conditions in Mid- and Northern Norway (SAMINOR 2) which included 2116 Sami and 8674 non-Sami participants. A positive association between childhood violence and psychological distress and PTS in adulthood was found regardless of ethnicity. For women, childhood violence may have mediated some of the ethnic differences in psychological distress (53.2%) and PTS (31.4%). A similar pattern was found for men as to psychological distress (45.5%) and PTS (55.5%). The prevalence of psychological distress was significantly higher in the Sami than in the non-Sami group: 15.8% vs. 13.0% for women, and 11.4% vs. 8.0% for men. Likewise, PTS showed a higher prevalence in the Sami group, both for women (16.2% vs. 12.4%) and for men (12.2% vs. 9.1). CONCLUSION A positive association between childhood violence and adult mental distress was found for both Sami and Norwegian adults. More mental problems were found among the Sami. Childhood violence may have mediated some of the ethnic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M A Eriksen
- a Sami National Centre for Mental Health and Substance Abuse (SANKS) Finnmarkssykehuset HF , Karasjok , Norway.,b Centre for Sami Health Research , UiT, The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsoe , Norway.,c Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet , Oslo Metropolitan University , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ketil Lenert Hansen
- d Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare North (RKBU Nord) , UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsoe , Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- e Department of Public Health , NTNU , Trondheim , Norway.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , St.Olav`s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Tore Sørlie
- g Department of Clinical Medicine , University of Tromsoe - The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway.,h Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse , University Hospital of North Norway , Tromsoe , Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- i Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Espen Bjertness
- i Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Cecilie Javo
- a Sami National Centre for Mental Health and Substance Abuse (SANKS) Finnmarkssykehuset HF , Karasjok , Norway
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30
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Gashaw BT, Magnus JH, Schei B. Intimate partner violence and late entry into antenatal care in Ethiopia. Women Birth 2018; 32:e530-e537. [PMID: 30595351 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Utilization of maternal health care services and timely initiation of antenatal care (ANC) positively influence pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is very high in Ethiopia, but we have limited knowledge on the link between IPV and initiation of ANC. AIM To determine the association between IPV and late entry into ANC. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending ANC at the governmental health institutions. A total of 720 pregnant women were interviewed by five trained nurses or midwives, using standardized and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression and parity-stratified analyses were employed. FINDINGS Over half of the pregnant women (51.8%; 95% CI=48.1, 55.5) entered ANC late (>16 weeks). Controlling for demographic, behavioural and reproductive health related variables, among multiparous women, any lifetime emotional or physical abuse was associated with late ANC [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.28; 95%CI=1.18, 4.39]. However, reporting recent experience of partner sexual violence was associated with late ANC in the full sample (AOR=1.55; 95%CI=1.09, 2.19). CONCLUSION The proportion of pregnant women entering ANC late is high in Ethiopia and associated with prior and recent experience of IPV in the current pregnancy, especially among multiparous women. Efforts for preventing IPV in pregnancy are needed to ensure that all pregnant women initiate ANC early in pregnancy. Aims of improving the health sector responses should include training health care workers on IPV that could facilitate ongoing screening, awareness creation, and women's social support networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosena Tebeje Gashaw
- College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jeanette H Magnus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, U.S
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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31
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Balasuriya CND, Stunes AK, Mosti MP, Schei B, Indredavik MS, Hals IK, Evensen KAI, Syversen U. Metabolic Outcomes in Adults Born Preterm With Very Low Birthweight or Small for Gestational Age at Term: A Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4437-4446. [PMID: 30099519 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Low birthweight (LBW) has emerged as a risk factor of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Whether adults with very low birthweight (VLBW) born preterm are at higher risk than individuals who were term-born small for gestational age (tb-SGA) is not established. We assessed metabolic outcomes, including relation with skeletal parameters, in these two LBW categories. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND OUTCOMES This follow-up cohort study included 189 individuals (females 51%), aged 25 to 28 years; 55 were preterm VLBW (≤1500 g), 59 were tb-SGA (<10th percentile), and 75 were controls (≥10th percentile). Outcomes were indices of MetS: blood pressure (BP), waist circumference, fasting glucose, lipid profile, and association between calculated MetS score and bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS), a measure of bone quality. RESULTS Compared with controls, individuals with VLBW displayed higher systolic [mean (SD), 126 (13.3) vs 119 (12.3) mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.27 to 11.48 mm Hg] and diastolic [71.9 (7.6) vs 68.6 (7.1) mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.3 to 6.2 mm Hg] BP, higher glycated hemoglobin, higher C-peptide, increased insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment 2), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [1.34 (0.3) vs 1.50 (0.4); 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.01]. Substantial differences were mainly seen between control females and females with VLBW. The adults who were tb-SGA had higher waist circumference and higher total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with controls. In males, MetS score correlated positively with BMD and inversely with TBS. CONCLUSIONS The LBW groups and preferentially females in the VLBW group displayed a less favorable metabolic profile than did controls. The inverse association between MetS score and bone quality suggests enhanced future fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandima N D Balasuriya
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Kamilla Stunes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mats P Mosti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gynecology at the Women's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit S Indredavik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid K Hals
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari Anne I Evensen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Unni Syversen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Schei B, Johannessen HH, Rydning A, Sultan A, Mørkved S. Anal incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 98:51-60. [PMID: 30204238 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uncertainties remain as to whether a cesarean section is protective for the short-term and long-term development of anal incontinence. Our aim was to explore whether women who had delivered only vaginally were at greater risk of anal incontinence than nulliparous women and women who had undergone cesarean sections only. MATERIAL AND METHODS Background information, medical history, and data on anal incontinence (defined as fecal or flatus incontinence weekly or more) reported by women participating in a large population-based health survey in Norway (the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 3) during the period October 2006 to June 2008 were collected and linked to data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. The prevalence of anal incontinence was calculated and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied. RESULTS The mean age of the 12 567 women was 49.9 years. The age and educational level of women who had cesarean sections only were similar to those who had a vaginal delivery and obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS). Nulliparous women and those who had a vaginal delivery and no OASIS were older and had higher educational achievements than women who had delivered by cesarean section exclusively, and women with OASIS. One in four women with OASIS reported anal incontinence compared with one in six of the other women (P < .001). Age, educational level, diarrhea, constipation, birthweight, and OASIS increased the risk of anal incontinence in all women. Parity was associated with anal incontinence in parous women only. No differences were found for fecal urgency. CONCLUSIONS Women with vaginal deliveries complicated by OASIS are at increased risk of anal incontinence. However, no increased risk of anal incontinence was found in nulliparous women or women who had cesarean sections only or vaginal deliveries not complicated by OASIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hege Hølmo Johannessen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Østfold Hospital Trust, Sarpsborg, Norway
| | - Astrid Rydning
- Department of Surgery, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Abdul Sultan
- Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK.,St George's , University of London, London, UK
| | - Siv Mørkved
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Research Department, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Hoff M, Skurtveit S, Meyer HE, Langhammer A, Søgaard AJ, Syversen U, Skovlund E, Abrahamsen B, Forsmo S, Schei B. Anti-osteoporosis drug use: too little, too much, or just right? The HUNT study, Norway. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1875-1885. [PMID: 29774403 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Use of anti-osteoporotic drugs (AODs) was examined in a Norwegian population 50-85 years. Among them with Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) score for major osteoporotic fracture ≥ 20, 25% of the women and 17% of the men received AODs. The strongest predictors for AODs were high age in women and use of glucocorticoids among men. INTRODUCTION To examine the use of anti-osteoporotic drugs (AODs) and to identify predictors for prescriptions. METHODS Data were obtained from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3) performed in 2006-2008 and the Norwegian Prescription Database, including 15,075 women and 13,386 men aged 50-85 years. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck was measured in a subgroup of 4538 women and 2322 men. High fracture risk was defined as a FRAX score for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) ≥ 20%; in the subgroup with BMD, high risk was in addition defined as FRAXMOF ≥ 20% or T-score ≤ - 2.5. Hazard ratios (HRs) for predictors of incident use of AODs within 2 years after HUNT3 were estimated by Cox' proportional hazards model. RESULTS Among individuals with FRAX MOF ≥ 20%, 25% of the women and 17% of the men were treated with AODs. Among those with FRAX MOF < 20%, 3% and 1% were treated, respectively. In the subgroup with BMD measurement, 24% of the women and 16% of the men at high risk of fractures were treated, compared to 3 and 1% in women and men not fulfilling the criteria. In women, high age was the strongest predictor for treatment (HR 3.84: 95% confidence interval 2.81-5.24), followed by use of glucocorticoids (GCs) (2.68:1.84-3.89). In men, predictors were use of GCs (5.28: 2.70-10.35) followed by multimorbidity (3.16:1.31-7.63). In the subgroup with BMD, T-score ≤ - 2.5 was the strongest predictor (women 3.98:2.67-5.89; men 13.31:6.17-28.74). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests an undertreatment of AODs in individuals at high risk of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoff
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - S Skurtveit
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H E Meyer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A J Søgaard
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - U Syversen
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E Skovlund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Abrahamsen
- Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Forsmo
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - B Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Pun KD, Rishal P, Infanti JJ, Bjørngaard JH, Koju R, Schei B, Darj E. Exposure to domestic violence influences pregnant women's preparedness for childbirth in Nepal: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200234. [PMID: 30048459 PMCID: PMC6061992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate if domestic violence affected women's ability to prepare for childbirth. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR) includes saving money, arranging transportation, identifying a skilled birth attendant, a health facility, and a blood donor before childbirth. During data collection, Nepal experienced two earthquakes and therefore it was possible to examine associations between domestic violence, women's BP/CR and effects of the earthquakes. METHODS Women who were between 12 and 28 weeks of gestation participated in a descriptive cross-sectional study at a hospital antenatal clinic in Nepal, where they completed a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, experiences of domestic violence, and BP/CR. The 5-item Abuse Assessment Screen was used to assess prevalence of domestic violence, and a questionnaire on safe motherhood obtained from Jhpiego was used to assess BP/CR status. The participants self-completed the questionnaire on a tablet computer. Those who reported at least three out of five BP/CR activities were considered prepared for childbirth. RESULTS A total of 1011 women participated in the study: 433 pre-earthquakes and 578 post-earthquakes. With respect to BP/CR, 78% had identified a health facility for childbirth and 65% had saved money prior to childbirth. Less than 50% had identified a birth attendant to assist with the delivery, transportation to a health facility, or arranged for a potential blood donor. Prior to the earthquakes, 38% were unprepared; by contrast, almost 62% were not prepared after the earthquakes. A significant association was found between exposure to violence and not being prepared for childbirth (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4-3.9). The women with increased odds of not being prepared for childbirth were illiterate (AOR = 9.9, 95% CI:5.7-17), young (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI:1.6-7.2), from the most oppressed social classes (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI:1.2-7.6), were married to illiterate husbands (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI:1.2-5.2), had attended fewer than four antenatal visits (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4-2.6), had low incomes (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI:1.1-2.9) or lived in rural settings (AOR = 1.5, 95% confidence interval CI:1.2-2.1). CONCLUSION The paper identifies vulnerable women who require extra care from the health system, and draws attention to the need for interventions to reduce the harmful effects of domestic violence on women's preparations for childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunta Devi Pun
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Poonam Rishal
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Jennifer Jean Infanti
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan Håkon Bjørngaard
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Research Centre Brøset, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rajendra Koju
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Darj
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Perera D, Lund R, Swahnberg K, Schei B, Infanti JJ. 'When helpers hurt': women's and midwives' stories of obstetric violence in state health institutions, Colombo district, Sri Lanka. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:211. [PMID: 29879946 PMCID: PMC5991468 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The paper explores how age, social position or class, and linguistic and cultural background intersect and place women in varying positions of control and vulnerability to obstetric violence in state health institutions in Colombo district, Sri Lanka. Obstetric violence occurs during pregnancy, childbirth and the immediate postpartum period; hence, it is violence that directly affects women. The authors aim to break the traditional culture of silence around obstetric violence and bring attention to the resulting implications for quality of care and patient trust in obstetric care facilities or providers. Methods Five focus group discussions were held with 28 public health midwives who had prior experience working in labor rooms. Six focus group discussions were held with 38 pregnant women with previous childbirth experience. Additionally, 10 of the 38 women, whom felt they had experienced excessive pain, fear, humiliation, and/or loss of dignity as patients in labor, participated in individual in-depth interviews. An intersectional framework was used to group the qualitative data into categories and themes for analysis. Results Obstetric violence appears to intersect with systems of power and oppression linked to structural gender, social, linguistic and cultural inequities in Sri Lanka. In our dataset, younger women, poorer women, and women who did not speak Sinhala seemed to experience more obstetric violence than those with relevant social connections and better economic positions. The women in our study rarely reported obstetric violence to legal or institutional authorities, nor within their informal social support networks. Instead, they sought obstetric care, particularly for childbirth, in other state hospitals in subsequent pregnancies. Conclusions The quality of obstetric care in Sri Lanka needs improvement. Amongst other initiatives, policies and practices are required to sensitize health providers about the existence of obstetric violence, and repercussions are required for abusive or discriminatory practices. The ethics of care should be further reinforced in the professional training of obstetric health providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinusha Perera
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ragnhild Lund
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katarina Swahnberg
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jennifer J Infanti
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Colombini M, Mayhew SH, Lund R, Singh N, Swahnberg K, Infanti J, Schei B, Wijewardene K. Factors shaping political priorities for violence against women-mitigation policies in Sri Lanka. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2018; 18:22. [PMID: 29801498 PMCID: PMC5970471 DOI: 10.1186/s12914-018-0161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Although violence against women (VAW) is a global public health issue, its importance as a health issue is often unrecognized in legal and health policy documents. This paper uses Sri Lanka as a case study to explore the factors influencing the national policy response to VAW, particularly by the health sector. Methods A document based health policy analysis was conducted to examine current policy responses to VAW in Sri Lanka using the Shiffman and Smith (2007) policy analysis framework. Results The findings suggest that the networks and influences of various actors in Sri Lanka, and their ideas used to frame the issue of VAW, have been particularly important in shaping the nature of the policy response to date. The Ministry of Women and Child Affairs led the national response on VAW, but suffered from limited financial and political support. Results also suggest that there was low engagement by the health sector in the initial policy response to VAW in Sri Lanka, which focused primarily on criminal legislation, following global influences. Furthermore, a lack of empirical data on VAW has impeded its promotion as a health policy issue, despite financial support from international organisations enabling an initial health systems response by the Ministry of Health. Until a legal framework was established (2005), the political context provided limited opportunities for VAW to also be construed as a health issue. It was only then that the Ministry of Health got legitimacy to institutionalise VAW services. Conclusion Nearly a decade later, a change in government has led to a new national plan on VAW, giving a clear role to the health sector in the fight against VAW. High-level political will, criminalisation of violence, coalesced women’s groups advocating for legislative change, prevalence data, and financial support from influential institutions are all critical elements helping frame violence as a national public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Colombini
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, London, UK.
| | - Susannah H Mayhew
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, London, UK
| | - Ragnhild Lund
- Department of Geography, Dragvoll Campus, Building 7, Level 4, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Katarina Swahnberg
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linneaus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Infanti
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kumudu Wijewardene
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Lindstad Løvåsmoen EM, Nyland Bjørgo M, Lukasse M, Schei B, Henriksen L. Women's preference for caesarean section and the actual mode of delivery - Comparing five sites in Norway. Sex Reprod Healthc 2018; 16:206-212. [PMID: 29804768 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The caesarean (CS) section rate varies among hospitals in Norway, and little is known about whether this is influenced by women's preferences. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in women's preferred mode of delivery during pregnancy between five hospitals in Norway, and to relate this to the actual mode of delivery. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort study of 2,177 unselected pregnant women in five hospitals in Norway. Women were recruited at their standard ultrasound examinations, and data was collected through questionnaires and electronic patient charts. The exposure was a CS preference and the main outcome measure was the actual mode of delivery. RESULTS In total, 3.5% of the primiparous women and 9.6% of the multiparous women reported a preference for CS. This was associated with fear of childbirth and education between 10 and 13 years in both groups, symptoms of depression and an age over 35 years old among the primiparous women, and a previous CS and/or negative birth experience among the multiparous. The multiparous women in Drammen and Tromsø were less likely to prefer a CS, and none of the primiparous women in Tromsø preferred a CS. A total of 67.8% of those who preferred a CS gave birth with this mode of delivery. CONCLUSION There were significant differences between the hospitals according to the CS preference. This preference was associated with the previous obstetric history and psychological factors. Therefore, creating good birth experiences and offering women counselling may reduce the CS preference rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Marie Lindstad Løvåsmoen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mari Nyland Bjørgo
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mirjam Lukasse
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and General Practice at the Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Håkon Jarls gate 11, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynaecology at the Women's Clinic, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Postbox 3250 Sluppen, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lena Henriksen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway; Division of General Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, P.O Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy increases adverse pregnancy outcomes. Knowledge of societal, community, family and individual related factors associated with IPV in pregnancy is limited in Ethiopia. Our study examined these factors in an Ethiopian context. Materials and methods A cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal care at governmental health institutions, using a consecutive probability sampling strategy. A total of 720 pregnant women were interviewed by five trained nurses or midwives, using a standardized and /pretested survey questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to assess factors contributing to IPV. We used Akaike’s information criteria, to identify the model that best describes the factors influencing IPV in pregnancy. Results Among the women interviewed, physical IPV was reported by 35.6%, and lifetime emotional or physical abuse by 81.0%. Perceiving violence as a means to settle interpersonal conflicts, presence of supportive attitudes of wife beating in the society, regarding violence as an expression of masculinity, and presence of strict gender role differences in the society, were all positively associated to IPV in pregnancy. The presence of groups legitimizing men’s violence in the community, feeling isolated, having no social support for victims, and presence of high unemployment, were the perceived community related factors positively associated with IPV in pregnancy. Conclusion IPV in pregnancy is very prevalent in Ethiopia and is associated with multiple social ecologic factors. Reduction of IPV in pregnancy calls for cross sectorial efforts from stakeholders at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosena Tebeje Gashaw
- College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olav's hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeanette H Magnus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess the regional differences in domestic violence among pregnant women in the capital district and in the tea plantation sector of Sri Lanka, to explore potential contributory factors and to assess whether healthcare workers addressed domestic violence and disclosure among survivors. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was carried out using interviewer-administered Abuse Assessment Screen. SETTING Fifty-seven antenatal clinic centres in the capital district and 30 in the tea plantation sector. PARTICIPANTS Pregnant women between 6 and 40 weeks of gestational age. In the capital district, 1375 women were recruited from antenatal clinic centres in the urban (n=25) and in the rural areas (n=32), and 800 women from 30 centres in the tea plantation sector. The response rate in the capital district was 95.6% and 96.7% in the tea plantation sector. RESULTS Among the total sample of pregnant women (n=2088), the prevalence of 'ever abused' was 38.6%, and the prevalence of 'currently abused' was 15.9%. 'Ever abused' (31.5% vs 50.8%) and 'currently abused' (10% vs 25.8%) were significantly higher (P<0.001) among the women living in the tea plantation sector. 'Ever abused' was associated with living in the tea plantation sector, being employed, living far from gender-based violence care centre and of Muslim ethnicity, after adjusting for age, education and family income. Only 38.8% of all participants had been asked by healthcare workers about abuse. Living in the tea plantation sector and lower level of education were associated with not being asked. Among those who reported 'ever abused', only 8.7% had disclosed the experience to a healthcare worker. CONCLUSION Domestic violence was prevalent and highest among women in the tea plantation sector compared with the capital district. The capacity of healthcare workers in addressing domestic violence should be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munas M Muzrif
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenapura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinusha Perera
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenapura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Kumudu Wijewardena
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenapura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katarina Swahnberg
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Forr C, Schei B, Stene LE, Ormstad K, Hagemann CT. Factors associated with trace evidence analyses and DNA findings among police reported cases of rape. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 283:136-143. [PMID: 29301113 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association between victim, suspect and assault characteristics and (1) forensic analysis of trace evidence, (2) detection of spermatozoa and (3) DNA match in police-reported cases of rape/attempted rape. In addition, we explored whether DNA findings were associated with legal outcome. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study based on police-reported rapes and attempted rapes of women ≥16 years of age in Sør-Trøndelag Police District throughout 1997-2010. Police data were merged with information from the Sexual Assault Centre (SAC) at St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. We used binary and multivariable logistic regression for the comparisons. RESULTS We identified 324 victims (mean age 24 years). The police requested analysis in 135 (45%) of the 299 collected victim samples. The police decision to analyze was after adjustment associated with the victim being employed or under education, and a public venue, but not with interval from assault to sampling. Spermatozoa were detected in 79 (61%) of the analyzed cases, of which 71 were collected from victims within 24h. Interval from assault being <24h and reporting a penetrative assault remained associated with the findings of spermatozoa after adjustments. Forensic analyses of trace evidence collected from victim, suspect and/or venue disclosed matching DNA profiles in 57 (40%) of a total of 143 analyzed cases. Matching DNA profiles were associated with suspect being known to the victim and with the venue being private. A higher proportion of cases with a DNA match were prosecuted in court: 20 of the 29 cases prosecuted. However, despite a DNA match 35 cases were anyway dismissed because of insufficient evidence. CONCLUSIONS Although many of the associations in our study were expected, it is still important to report the actual numbers to gain insight into the importance of a DNA match in legal proceedings. A substantial proportion of cases with DNA match was dismissed because of insufficient evidence. To strengthen the justice response to sexual assault, it is essential to generate knowledge about the role of medico-legal evidence in such cases, and there are obviously other non-medical factors influencing the legal decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Forr
- Helse Nord-Trøndelag, P.B. 333, N-7601 Levanger, Norway.
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.B. 8905, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Postbox 3250 Sluppen, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lise Eilin Stene
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, NKVTS, Gullhaugveien 1-3, NO-0484 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kari Ormstad
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital HF Rikshospitalet, P.B. 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cecilie Therese Hagemann
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, P.B. 8905, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Postbox 3250 Sluppen, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway.
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Christoffersen T, Ahmed LA, Daltveit AK, Dennison EM, Evensen EK, Furberg AS, Gracia-Marco L, Grimnes G, Nilsen OA, Schei B, Tell GS, Vlachopoulos D, Winther A, Emaus N. Erratum to: The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content in adolescence: The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:62. [PMID: 28695545 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-017-0358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Christoffersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
- Finnmark Hospital Trust, Alta, Norway.
| | - Luai A Ahmed
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anne Kjersti Daltveit
- Domain for Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Elin K Evensen
- Clinical Research Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole-Andreas Nilsen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Domain for Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anne Winther
- Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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Christoffersen T, Ahmed LA, Daltveit AK, Dennison EM, Evensen EK, Furberg AS, Gracia-Marco L, Grimnes G, Nilsen OA, Schei B, Tell GS, Vlachopoulos D, Winther A, Emaus N. The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content in adolescence: The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:54. [PMID: 28577285 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-017-0348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral parameters in adolescence is unclear. We found a positive association between birth size and bone mineral content, attenuated by lifestyle factors. This highlights the impact of environmental stimuli and lifestyle during growth. PURPOSE The influence of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content later in life is unclear, especially in adolescence. This study evaluated the impact of birth weight and length on bone mineral density and content among adolescents. METHODS We included 961 participants from the population-based Fit Futures study (2010-2011). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH) and total body (TB). BMD and BMC measures were linked with birth weight and length ascertained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Linear regression models were used to investigate the influence of birth parameters on BMD and BMC. RESULTS Birth weight was positively associated with BMD-TB and BMC at all sites among girls; standardized β coefficients [95% CI] were 0.11 [0.01, 0.20] for BMD-TB and 0.15 [0.06, 0.24], 0.18 [0.09, 0.28] and 0.29 [0.20, 0.38] for BMC-FN, TH and TB, respectively. In boys, birth weight was positively associated with BMC at all sites with estimates of 0.10 [0.01, 0.19], 0.12 [0.03, 0.21] and 0.15 [0.07, 0.24] for FN, TH and TB, respectively. Corresponding analyses using birth length as exposure gave significantly positive associations with BMC at all sites in both sexes. The significant positive association between birth weight and BMC-TB in girls, and birth length and BMC-TB in boys remained after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS We found a positive association between birth size and BMC in adolescence. However, this association was attenuated after adjustment for weight, height and physical activity during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Christoffersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
- Finnmark Hospital Trust, Alta, Norway.
| | - Luai A Ahmed
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anne Kjersti Daltveit
- Domain for Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Elin K Evensen
- Clinical Research Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole-Andreas Nilsen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Domain for Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anne Winther
- Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Forskningsparken, Sykehusveien 21, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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Hoff M, Meyer HE, Skurtveit S, Langhammer A, Søgaard AJ, Syversen U, Dhainaut A, Skovlund E, Abrahamsen B, Schei B. Validation of FRAX and the impact of self-reported falls among elderly in a general population: the HUNT study, Norway. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2935-2944. [PMID: 28668994 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) without bone mineral density (BMD) for hip fracture prediction was validated in a Norwegian population 50-90 years. Fracture risk increased with higher FRAX score, and the observed number of hip fractures agreed well with the predicted number, except for the youngest and oldest men. Self-reported fall was an independent risk factor for fracture in women. INTRODUCTION The primary aim was to validate FRAX without BMD for hip fracture prediction in a Norwegian population of men and women 50-90 years. Secondary, to study whether information of falls could improve prediction of fractures in the subgroup aged 70-90 years. METHODS Data were obtained from the third survey of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3), the fracture registry in Nord-Trøndelag, and the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD), including 15,432 women and 13,585 men. FRAX hip without BMD was calculated, and hip fractures were registered for a median follow-up of 5.2 years. The number of estimated and observed fractures was assessed, ROC curves with area under the curve (AUC), and Cox regression analyses. For the group aged 70-90 years, self-reported falls the last year before HUNT3 were included in the Cox regression model. RESULTS The risk of fracture increased with higher FRAX score. When FRAX groups were categorized in a 10-year percentage risk for hip fracture as follows, <4, 4-7.9, 8-11.9, and ≥12%, the hazard ratio (HR) for hip fracture between the lowest and the highest group was 17.80 (95% CI: 12.86-24.65) among women and 23.40 (13.93-39.30) in men. Observed number of hip fractures agreed quite well with the predicted number, except for the youngest and oldest men. AUC was 0.81 (0.78-0.83) for women and 0.79 (0.76-0.83) for men. Self-reported fall was an independent risk factor for fracture in women (HR 1.64, 1.20-2.24), and among men, this was not significant (1.09, 0.65-1.83). CONCLUSIONS FRAX without BMD predicted hip fracture reasonably well. In the age group 70-90 years, falls seemed to imply an additional risk among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoff
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PB 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - H E Meyer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Skurtveit
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PB 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A J Søgaard
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - U Syversen
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A Dhainaut
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PB 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E Skovlund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PB 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Abrahamsen
- Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - B Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PB 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Schei B. [Research during the study period must count for more]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2017; 137:17-0653. [PMID: 28828771 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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45
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Henriksen L, Grimsrud E, Schei B, Lukasse M. Factors related to a negative birth experience – A mixed methods study. Midwifery 2017; 51:33-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Rishal P, Pun KD, Darj E, Joshi SK, Bjørngaard JH, Swahnberg K, Schei B, Lukasse M. Prevalence and associated factors of domestic violence among pregnant women attending routine antenatal care in Nepal. Scand J Public Health 2017; 46:785-793. [PMID: 29578383 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817723195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) and its associated factors among pregnant women in Nepal. The secondary aims were to investigate disclosure of DV by women to health-care personnel and to assess whether health-care personnel had asked women about their experience of DV. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 2004 pregnant women between 12 and 28 weeks of gestation attending routine antenatal care at two hospitals in Nepal from August 2014 to November 2015. In this study, DV was defined as fear of a family member and/or an experience of physical, emotional or sexual violence. Associated risk factors were analysed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Twenty-one per cent of the women had experienced DV; 12.5% experienced fear only, 3.6% violence only and 4.9% experienced both violence and fear. Less than 2% per cent reported physical violence during pregnancy. This study found that just 17.7% had ever been asked by health-care personnel about DV, and of the women who had reported DV, only 9.5% had disclosed their experience to health-care personnel. Women of young age and low socio-economic status were more likely to have experienced DV. Women who reported having their own income and the autonomy to use it were at significantly lower risk of DV compared to women with no income. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of women reported having experienced DV. Victims had rarely disclosed their experience of DV to health-care personnel. This study underlines the importance of integrating systematic assessment of DV in antenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Rishal
- 1 Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.,5 Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal
| | - Kunta Devi Pun
- 1 Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.,2 Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Nepal
| | - Elisabeth Darj
- 1 Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olav's Hospital, Norway.,4 Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- 5 Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal
| | - Johan Håkon Bjørngaard
- 1 Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.,6 Forensic Department and Research Centre Bröset, St. Olav's University Hospital, Norway
| | - Katarina Swahnberg
- 7 Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus University, Sweden
| | - Berit Schei
- 1 Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.,8 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Norway
| | - Mirjam Lukasse
- 9 Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College, Norway.,10 Department of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Norway
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Balasuriya CND, Evensen KAI, Mosti MP, Brubakk AM, Jacobsen GW, Indredavik MS, Schei B, Stunes AK, Syversen U. Peak Bone Mass and Bone Microarchitecture in Adults Born With Low Birth Weight Preterm or at Term: A Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2491-2500. [PMID: 28453635 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Peak bone mass (PBM) is regarded as the most important determinant of osteoporosis. Growing evidence suggests a role of intrauterine programming in skeletal development. We examined PBM and trabecular bone score (TBS) in adults born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW) or small for gestational age (SGA) at term compared with term-born controls. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND OUTCOMES This follow-up cohort study included 186 men and women (25 to 28 years); 52 preterm VLBW (≤1500 g), 59 term-born SGA (<10th percentile), and 75 controls (>10th percentile). Main outcome was bone mineral density (BMD) by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Secondary outcomes were bone mineral content (BMC), TBS, and serum bone markers. RESULTS VLBW adults had lower BMC and BMD vs controls, also when adjusted for height, weight, and potential confounders, with the following BMD Z-score differences: femoral neck, 0.6 standard deviation (SD) (P = 0.003); total hip, 0.4 SD (P = 0.01); whole body, 0.5 SD (P = 0.007); and lumbar spine, 0.3 SD (P = 0.213). The SGA group displayed lower spine BMC and whole-body BMD Z-scores, but not after adjustment. Adjusted odds ratios for osteopenia/osteoporosis were 2.4 and 2.0 in VLBW and SGA adults, respectively. TBS did not differ between groups, but it was lower in men than in women. Serum Dickkopf-1 was higher in VLBW subjects vs controls; however, it was not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Both low-birth-weight groups displayed lower PBM and higher frequency of osteopenia/osteoporosis, implying increased future fracture risk. The most pronounced bone deficit was seen in VLBW adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandima N D Balasuriya
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari Anne I Evensen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physiotherapy, Trondheim Municipality, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mats P Mosti
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Mari Brubakk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir W Jacobsen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit S Indredavik
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gynecology at the Women's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Kamilla Stunes
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Unni Syversen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
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Søgaard AJ, Omsland TK, Holvik K, Tell GS, Dahl C, Schei B, Meyer HE. THE AUTHORS REPLY. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:511-513. [PMID: 28399569 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tone K Omsland
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Holvik
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Dahl
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Rishal P, Joshi SK, Lukasse M, Schei B, Swahnberg K. 'They just walk away' - women's perception of being silenced by antenatal health workers: a qualitative study on women survivors of domestic violence in Nepal. Glob Health Action 2016; 9:31838. [PMID: 27978940 PMCID: PMC5159679 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v9.31838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Domestic violence during pregnancy has detrimental effects on the health of the mother and the newborn. Antenatal care provides a ‘window of opportunity’ to identify and assist victims of domestic violence during pregnancy. Little is known about the experience, needs, and expectations from the women's perspective in relation to domestic violence in Nepal. Objective Our study aims to explore how women who have experienced domestic violence evaluate their antenatal care and their expectations and needs from health centers. Design Twelve in-depth interviews were conducted among women who had experienced domestic violence during pregnancy and utilized antenatal care. The women were recruited from two different organizations in Nepal. Results Women in our study concealed their experience of domestic violence due to fear of being insulted, discriminated, and negative attitudes of the health care providers. The women wished that the health care providers were compassionate and asked them about their experience, ensured confidentiality and privacy, and referred them to services that is free of cost. Conclusions Findings from our study may help the health care providers to change their attitudes toward women survivors of domestic violence. Identifying and assisting these women through antenatal care could result in improved services for them and their newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Rishal
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; ;
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mirjam Lukasse
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katarina Swahnberg
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | -
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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50
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Borchgrevink GE, Viset AT, Witsø E, Schei B, Foss OA. Does the use of high-heeled shoes lead to fore-foot pathology? A controlled cohort study comprising 197 women. Foot Ankle Surg 2016; 22:239-243. [PMID: 27810021 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-heeled shoes have been suggested as a main explanation for the female dominance in foot pain and deformities. Aim of study was to test this hypothesis scientifically. METHODS Women 40-66 years were included in two groups. 95 women who had worn high-heeled shoes at work for at least 5 years were compared to 102 women who had never worn high-heeled shoes at work. The investigations were weight bearing radiographs of foot and ankle, the SEFAS questionnaire and the AOFAS Clinical Rating System. Evaluators were blinded to the group-affiliation. RESULTS Radiographs showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning deformities or joint disease. Foot function measured by SEFAS and AOFAS total score, were similar in the two groups. The high-heeled group had more pain and more callosities. CONCLUSION For women aged 40-66 years wearing of high-heeled shoes had not caused foot deformation, but more foot pain and callosities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe E Borchgrevink
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Annja T Viset
- Department of Radiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind Witsø
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Schei
- Institute of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav A Foss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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