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Kuhfeld RF, Eshpari H, Kim BJ, Kuhfeld MR, Atamer Z, Dallas DC. Identification of bitter peptides in aged Cheddar cheese by crossflow filtration-based Fractionation, Peptidomics, statistical screening and sensory analysis. Food Chem 2024; 439:138111. [PMID: 38104442 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite bitterness being a common flavor attribute of aged cheese linked to casein-derived peptides, excessive bitterness is a sensory flaw that can lead to consumer rejection and economic loss for creameries. Our research employs a unique approach to identify bitter peptides in cheese samples using crossflow filtration-based fractionation, mass spectrometry-based peptidomics, statistics and sensory analysis. Applying peptidomics and statistical screening tools, rather than traditional chemical separation techniques, to identify bitter peptides allows for screening the whole peptide profile. Five peptides-YPFPGP (β-casein [60-65]), YPFPGPIPN (βA2-casein [60-68]), LSQSKVLPVPQKAVPYPQRDMPIQA (β-casein [165-189]), YPFPGPIHNS (βA1-casein [60-69]) and its serine phosphorylated version YPFPGPIHN[S] (βA1-casein [60-69])- demonstrated high levels of bitterness with mean bitterness intensity values above 7 on a 15-point scale. In the future, this data can be combined with the microbial and protease profile of the Cheddar samples to help understand how these factors contribute to bitter taste development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Kuhfeld
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333.
| | - H Eshpari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333
| | - B J Kim
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333
| | - M R Kuhfeld
- Northwest Evaluation Association, Portland, OR, 97209
| | - Z Atamer
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333
| | - D C Dallas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333; Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333
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Vollmuth N, Sin J, Kim BJ. Host-microbe interactions at the blood-brain barrier through the lens of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain-like endothelial cells. mBio 2024; 15:e0286223. [PMID: 38193670 PMCID: PMC10865987 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02862-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbe-induced meningoencephalitis/meningitis is a life-threatening infection of the central nervous system (CNS) that occurs when pathogens are able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and gain access to the CNS. The BBB consists of highly specialized brain endothelial cells that exhibit specific properties to allow tight regulation of CNS homeostasis and prevent pathogen crossing. However, during meningoencephalitis/meningitis, the BBB fails to protect the CNS. Modeling the BBB remains a challenge due to the specialized characteristics of these cells. In this review, we cover the induced pluripotent stem cell-derived, brain-like endothelial cell model during host-pathogen interaction, highlighting the strengths and recent work on various pathogens known to interact with the BBB. As stem cell technologies are becoming more prominent, the stem cell-derived, brain-like endothelial cell model has been able to reveal new insights in vitro, which remain challenging with other in vitro cell-based models consisting of primary human brain endothelial cells and immortalized human brain endothelial cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Vollmuth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Jon Sin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Brandon J. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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Kim Y, Kim MJ, Cha S, Choi S, Kim CJ, Kim BJ, Jo MH, Kim J, Lee J. Dephasing Dynamics Accessed by High Harmonic Generation: Determination of Electron-Hole Decoherence of Dirac Fermions. Nano Lett 2024; 24:1277-1283. [PMID: 38232182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We reveal the critical effect of ultrashort dephasing on the polarization of high harmonic generation in Dirac fermions. As the elliptically polarized laser pulse falls in or slightly beyond the multiphoton regime, the elliptically polarized high harmonic generation is produced and exhibits a characteristic polarimetry of the polarization ellipse, which is found to depend on the decoherence time T2. T2 could then be determined to be a few femtoseconds directly from the experimentally observed polarimetry of high harmonics. This shows a sharp contrast with the semimetal regime of higher pump intensity, where the polarimetry is irrelevant to T2. An access to the dephasing dynamics would extend the prospect of high harmonic generation into the metrology of a femtosecond dynamic process in the coherent quantum control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- School of Physics, KIAS, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Joo Kim
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeDong Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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Kim H, Kim JK, Kwon J, Kim J, Kim HWJ, Ha S, Kim K, Lee W, Kim J, Cho GY, Heo H, Jang J, Sahle CJ, Longo A, Strempfer J, Fabbris G, Choi Y, Haskel D, Kim J, Kim JW, Kim BJ. Quantum spin nematic phase in a square-lattice iridate. Nature 2024; 625:264-269. [PMID: 38093009 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Spin nematic is a magnetic analogue of classical liquid crystals, a fourth state of matter exhibiting characteristics of both liquid and solid1,2. Particularly intriguing is a valence-bond spin nematic3-5, in which spins are quantum entangled to form a multipolar order without breaking time-reversal symmetry, but its unambiguous experimental realization remains elusive. Here we establish a spin nematic phase in the square-lattice iridate Sr2IrO4, which approximately realizes a pseudospin one-half Heisenberg antiferromagnet in the strong spin-orbit coupling limit6-9. Upon cooling, the transition into the spin nematic phase at TC ≈ 263 K is marked by a divergence in the static spin quadrupole susceptibility extracted from our Raman spectra and concomitant emergence of a collective mode associated with the spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetries. The quadrupolar order persists in the antiferromagnetic phase below TN ≈ 230 K and becomes directly observable through its interference with the antiferromagnetic order in resonant X-ray diffraction, which allows us to uniquely determine its spatial structure. Further, we find using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering a complete breakdown of coherent magnon excitations at short-wavelength scales, suggesting a many-body quantum entanglement in the antiferromagnetic state10,11. Taken together, our results reveal a quantum order underlying the Néel antiferromagnet that is widely believed to be intimately connected to the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity12,13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kwang Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Junyoung Kwon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo J Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seunghyeok Ha
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Kwangrae Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Lee
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Center for Van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Gil Young Cho
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Heo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joonho Jang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C J Sahle
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - A Longo
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, UOS Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - J Strempfer
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - G Fabbris
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Y Choi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - D Haskel
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Jungho Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - J -W Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - B J Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea.
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.
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Zhu K, Bala F, Zhang J, Benali F, Cimflova P, Kim BJ, McDonough R, Singh N, Hill MD, Goyal M, Demchuk A, Menon BK, Qiu W. Automated Segmentation of Intracranial Thrombus on NCCT and CTA in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Using a Coarse-to-Fine Deep Learning Model. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:641-648. [PMID: 37202113 PMCID: PMC10249699 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Identifying the presence and extent of intracranial thrombi is crucial in selecting patients with acute ischemic stroke for treatment. This article aims to develop an automated approach to quantify thrombus on NCCT and CTA in patients with stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 499 patients with large-vessel occlusion from the Safety and Efficacy of Nerinetide in Subjects Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy for Stroke (ESCAPE-NA1) trial were included. All patients had thin-section NCCT and CTA images. Thrombi contoured manually were used as reference standard. A deep learning approach was developed to segment thrombi automatically. Of 499 patients, 263 and 66 patients were randomly selected to train and validate the deep learning model, respectively; the remaining 170 patients were independently used for testing. The deep learning model was quantitatively compared with the reference standard using the Dice coefficient and volumetric error. The proposed deep learning model was externally tested on 83 patients with and without large-vessel occlusion from another independent trial. RESULTS The developed deep learning approach obtained a Dice coefficient of 70.7% (interquartile range, 58.0%-77.8%) in the internal cohort. The predicted thrombi length and volume were correlated with those of expert-contoured thrombi (r = 0.88 and 0.87, respectively; P < .001). When the derived deep learning model was applied to the external data set, the model obtained similar results in patients with large-vessel occlusion regarding the Dice coefficient (66.8%; interquartile range, 58.5%-74.6%), thrombus length (r = 0.73), and volume (r = 0.80). The model also obtained a sensitivity of 94.12% (32/34) and a specificity of 97.96% (48/49) in classifying large-vessel occlusion versus non-large-vessel occlusion. CONCLUSIONS The proposed deep learning method can reliably detect and measure thrombi on NCCT and CTA in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhu
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.Z., F. Bala, J.Z., F. Benali, P.C., R.M., N.S., M.D.H., M.G., A.D., B.K.M.)
- College of Electronic Engineering (K.Z.), Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - F Bala
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.Z., F. Bala, J.Z., F. Benali, P.C., R.M., N.S., M.D.H., M.G., A.D., B.K.M.)
| | - J Zhang
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.Z., F. Bala, J.Z., F. Benali, P.C., R.M., N.S., M.D.H., M.G., A.D., B.K.M.)
| | - F Benali
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.Z., F. Bala, J.Z., F. Benali, P.C., R.M., N.S., M.D.H., M.G., A.D., B.K.M.)
| | - P Cimflova
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.Z., F. Bala, J.Z., F. Benali, P.C., R.M., N.S., M.D.H., M.G., A.D., B.K.M.)
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Radiology (P.C., M.D.H., A.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- St. Anne's University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine (P.C.), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (B.J.K.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - R McDonough
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.Z., F. Bala, J.Z., F. Benali, P.C., R.M., N.S., M.D.H., M.G., A.D., B.K.M.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (R.M.), University Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Singh
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.Z., F. Bala, J.Z., F. Benali, P.C., R.M., N.S., M.D.H., M.G., A.D., B.K.M.)
| | - M D Hill
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.Z., F. Bala, J.Z., F. Benali, P.C., R.M., N.S., M.D.H., M.G., A.D., B.K.M.)
- Department of Community Health Sciences (M.D.H.)
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Radiology (P.C., M.D.H., A.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Goyal
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.Z., F. Bala, J.Z., F. Benali, P.C., R.M., N.S., M.D.H., M.G., A.D., B.K.M.)
| | - A Demchuk
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.Z., F. Bala, J.Z., F. Benali, P.C., R.M., N.S., M.D.H., M.G., A.D., B.K.M.)
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Radiology (P.C., M.D.H., A.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - B K Menon
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.Z., F. Bala, J.Z., F. Benali, P.C., R.M., N.S., M.D.H., M.G., A.D., B.K.M.)
| | - W Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology (W.Q.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Kim JK, Dietl C, Kim HWJ, Ha SH, Kim J, Said AH, Kim J, Kim BJ. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering endstation at the 1C beamline of Pohang Light Source II. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:643-649. [PMID: 36947164 PMCID: PMC10161893 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523001625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An endstation for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), dedicated to operations in the hard X-ray regime, has been constructed at the 1C beamline of Pohang Light Source II. At the Ir L3-edge, a total energy resolution of 34.2 meV was achieved, close to the theoretical estimation of 34.0 meV, which considers factors such as the incident energy bandpass, intrinsic analyzer resolution, geometrical broadening of the spectrometer, finite beam-size effect and Johann aberration. The performance of the RIXS instrument is demonstrated by measuring the RIXS spectra of Sr2IrO4. The endstation can be easily reconfigured to measure energy-integrated intensities with very low background for diffuse scattering and diffraction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kwang Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Dietl
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo J Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Ha
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayman H Said
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jungho Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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7
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Mahmud I, Tian G, Wang J, Hutchinson TE, Kim BJ, Awasthee N, Hale S, Meng C, Moore A, Zhao L, Lewis JE, Waddell A, Wu S, Steger JM, Lydon ML, Chait A, Zhao LY, Ding H, Li JL, Purayil HT, Huo Z, Daaka Y, Garrett TJ, Liao D. DAXX drives de novo lipogenesis and contributes to tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1927. [PMID: 37045819 PMCID: PMC10097704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit elevated lipid synthesis. In breast and other cancer types, genes involved in lipid production are highly upregulated, but the mechanisms that control their expression remain poorly understood. Using integrated transcriptomic, lipidomic, and molecular studies, here we report that DAXX is a regulator of oncogenic lipogenesis. DAXX depletion attenuates, while its overexpression enhances, lipogenic gene expression, lipogenesis, and tumor growth. Mechanistically, DAXX interacts with SREBP1 and SREBP2 and activates SREBP-mediated transcription. DAXX associates with lipogenic gene promoters through SREBPs. Underscoring the critical roles for the DAXX-SREBP interaction for lipogenesis, SREBP2 knockdown attenuates tumor growth in cells with DAXX overexpression, and DAXX mutants unable to bind SREBP1/2 have weakened activity in promoting lipogenesis and tumor growth. Remarkably, a DAXX mutant deficient of SUMO-binding fails to activate SREBP1/2 and lipogenesis due to impaired SREBP binding and chromatin recruitment and is defective of stimulating tumorigenesis. Hence, DAXX's SUMO-binding activity is critical to oncogenic lipogenesis. Notably, a peptide corresponding to DAXX's C-terminal SUMO-interacting motif (SIM2) is cell-membrane permeable, disrupts the DAXX-SREBP1/2 interactions, and inhibits lipogenesis and tumor growth. These results establish DAXX as a regulator of lipogenesis and a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guimei Tian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, 450008, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tarun E Hutchinson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brandon J Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikee Awasthee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Seth Hale
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chengcheng Meng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Allison Moore
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica E Lewis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aaron Waddell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shangtao Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julia M Steger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - McKenzie L Lydon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aaron Chait
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lisa Y Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Haocheng Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Hamsa Thayele Purayil
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yehia Daaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daiqing Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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8
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Bala F, Kim BJ, Najm M, Thornton J, Fainardi E, Michel P, Alpay K, Herlihy D, Goyal M, Casetta I, Nannoni S, Ylikotila P, Power S, Saia V, Hegarty A, Pracucci G, Rautio R, Ademola A, Demchuk A, Mangiafico S, Boyle K, Hill MD, Toni D, Murphy S, Menon BK, Almekhlafi MA. Outcomes with Endovascular Treatment of Patients with M2 Segment MCA Occlusion in the Late Time Window. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:447-452. [PMID: 36958801 PMCID: PMC10084904 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Randomized trials in the late window have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy in large-vessel occlusions. Patients with M2-segment MCA occlusions were excluded from these trials. We compared outcomes with endovascular thrombectomy in patients with M2-versus-M1 occlusions presenting 6-24 hours after symptom onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analyses were on pooled data from studies enrolling patients with stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy 6-24 hours after symptom onset. We compared 90-day functional independence (mRS ≤ 2), mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and successful reperfusion (expanded TICI = 2b-3) between patients with M2 and M1 occlusions. The benefit of successful reperfusion was then assessed among patients with M2 occlusion. RESULTS Of 461 patients, 367 (79.6%) had M1 occlusions and 94 (20.4%) had M2 occlusions. Patients with M2 occlusions were older and had lower median baseline NIHSS scores. Patients with M2 occlusion were more likely to achieve 90-day functional independence than those with M1 occlusion (adjusted OR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.25-3.65). There were no significant differences in the proportion of successful reperfusion (82.9% versus 81.1%) or mortality (11.2% versus 17.2%). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage risk was lower in patients with M2-versus-M1 occlusions (4.3% versus 12.2%, P = .03). Successful reperfusion was independently associated with functional independence among patients with M2 occlusions (adjusted OR = 2.84; 95% CI, 1.11-7.29). CONCLUSIONS In the late time window, patients with M2 occlusions treated with endovascular thrombectomy achieved better clinical outcomes, similar reperfusion, and lower symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rates compared with patients with M1 occlusion. These results support the safety and benefit of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with M2 occlusions in the late window.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bala
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., M.N., M.G., A.D., M.D.H., B.K.M., M.A.A.), Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department (F.B.), University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (B.J.K.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Najm
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., M.N., M.G., A.D., M.D.H., B.K.M., M.A.A.), Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Thornton
- Neuroradiology Department (J.T., D.H., S.P.)
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (J.T., A.H.), Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Fainardi
- Neuroradiology Unit (E.F.), Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - P Michel
- Stroke Center (P.M., S.N.), Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Alpay
- Department of Radiology (K.A., R.R.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - D Herlihy
- Neuroradiology Department (J.T., D.H., S.P.)
| | - M Goyal
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., M.N., M.G., A.D., M.D.H., B.K.M., M.A.A.), Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - I Casetta
- Clinica Neurologica (I.C.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Nannoni
- Stroke Center (P.M., S.N.), Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Ylikotila
- Neurocenter (P.Y.), Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Power
- Neuroradiology Department (J.T., D.H., S.P.)
| | - V Saia
- Stroke Unit (V.S.), Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - A Hegarty
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (J.T., A.H.), Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Pracucci
- Stroke Unit (G.P.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - R Rautio
- Department of Radiology (K.A., R.R.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - A Ademola
- Department of Community Health Sciences (A.A., M.D.H., B.K.M., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Demchuk
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., M.N., M.G., A.D., M.D.H., B.K.M., M.A.A.), Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Mangiafico
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (S. Mangiafico), Institute for Hospitalization and Healthcare Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - K Boyle
- Department of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine (K.B.), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M D Hill
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., M.N., M.G., A.D., M.D.H., B.K.M., M.A.A.), Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences (A.A., M.D.H., B.K.M., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Toni
- Emergency Department (D.T.), Stroke Unit, Sapienza University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S Murphy
- Department of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine (S. Murphy), The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine (S. Murphy), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine (S. Murphy), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B K Menon
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., M.N., M.G., A.D., M.D.H., B.K.M., M.A.A.), Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences (A.A., M.D.H., B.K.M., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M A Almekhlafi
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., M.N., M.G., A.D., M.D.H., B.K.M., M.A.A.), Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences (A.A., M.D.H., B.K.M., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Sun Y, Zabihi M, Li Q, Li X, Kim BJ, Ubogu EE, Raja SN, Wesselmann U, Zhao C. Drug Permeability: From the Blood-Brain Barrier to the Peripheral Nerve Barriers. Adv Ther (Weinh) 2023; 6:2200150. [PMID: 37649593 PMCID: PMC10465108 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery into the peripheral nerves and nerve roots has important implications for effective local anesthesia and treatment of peripheral neuropathies and chronic neuropathic pain. Similar to drugs that need to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS), drugs must cross the peripheral nerve barriers (PNB), formed by the perineurium and blood-nerve barrier (BNB) to modulate peripheral axons. Despite significant progress made to develop effective strategies to enhance BBB permeability in therapeutic drug design, efforts to enhance drug permeability and retention in peripheral nerves and nerve roots are relatively understudied. Guided by knowledge describing structural, molecular and functional similarities between restrictive neural barriers in the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS), we hypothesize that certain CNS drug delivery strategies are adaptable for peripheral nerve drug delivery. In this review, we describe the molecular, structural and functional similarities and differences between the BBB and PNB, summarize and compare existing CNS and peripheral nerve drug delivery strategies, and discuss the potential application of selected CNS delivery strategies to improve efficacious drug entry for peripheral nerve disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Mahmood Zabihi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Xiaosi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Brandon J. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
| | - Eroboghene E. Ubogu
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Srinivasa N. Raja
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ursula Wesselmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Consortium for Neuroengineering and Brain-Computer Interfaces, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
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10
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Prestianni L, Espinal ER, Hathcock SF, Vollmuth N, Wang P, Holler RA, Liu S, Kim BJ, Bao Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Quercetin-Iron Complex Nanoparticles for Overcoming Drug Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041041. [PMID: 37111527 PMCID: PMC10144594 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, one of the major natural flavonoids, has demonstrated great pharmacological potential as an antioxidant and in overcoming drug resistance. However, its low aqueous solubility and poor stability limit its potential applications. Previous studies suggest that the formation of quercetin-metal complexes could increase quercetin stability and biological activity. In this paper, we systematically investigated the formation of quercetin-iron complex nanoparticles by varying the ligand-to-metal ratios with the goal of increasing the aqueous solubility and stability of quercetin. It was found that quercetin-iron complex nanoparticles could be reproducibly synthesized with several ligand-to-iron ratios at room temperature. The UV-Vis spectra of the nanoparticles indicated that nanoparticle formation greatly increased the stability and solubility of quercetin. Compared to free quercetin, the quercetin-iron complex nanoparticles exhibited enhanced antioxidant activities and elongated effects. Our preliminary cellular evaluation suggests that these nanoparticles had minimal cytotoxicity and could effectively block the efflux pump of cells, indicating their potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Prestianni
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Eric R Espinal
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Sarah F Hathcock
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Nadine Vollmuth
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Pixiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Materials and Manufacturing Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL 36082, USA
| | - Robert A Holler
- Alabama Analytical Research Center, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Shaoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Materials and Manufacturing Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL 36082, USA
| | - Brandon J Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35487, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yuping Bao
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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11
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Mamana J, Humber GM, Espinal ER, Seo S, Vollmuth N, Sin J, Kim BJ. Coxsackievirus B3 infects and disrupts human induced-pluripotent stem cell derived brain-like endothelial cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1171275. [PMID: 37139492 PMCID: PMC10149843 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1171275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a significant human pathogen that is commonly found worldwide. CVB3 among other enteroviruses, are the leading causes of aseptic meningo-encephalitis which can be fatal especially in young children. How the virus gains access to the brain is poorly-understood, and the host-virus interactions that occur at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is even less-characterized. The BBB is a highly specialized biological barrier consisting primarily of brain endothelial cells which possess unique barrier properties and facilitate the passage of nutrients into the brain while restricting access to toxins and pathogens including viruses. To determine the effects of CVB3 infection on the BBB, we utilized a model of human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived brain-like endothelial cells (iBECs) to ascertain if CVB3 infection may alter barrier cell function and overall survival. In this study, we determined that these iBECs indeed are susceptible to CVB3 infection and release high titers of extracellular virus. We also determined that infected iBECs maintain high transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) during early infection despite possessing high viral load. TEER progressively declines at later stages of infection. Interestingly, despite the high viral burden and TEER disruptions at later timepoints, infected iBEC monolayers remain intact, indicating a low degree of late-stage virally-mediated cell death, which may contribute to prolonged viral shedding. We had previously reported that CVB3 infections rely on the activation of transient receptor vanilloid potential 1 (TRPV1) and found that inhibiting TRPV1 activity with SB-366791 significantly limited CVB3 infection of HeLa cervical cancer cells. Similarly in this study, we observed that treating iBECs with SB-366791 significantly reduced CVB3 infection, which suggests that not only can this drug potentially limit viral entry into the brain, but also demonstrates that this infection model could be a valuable platform for testing antiviral treatments of neurotropic viruses. In all, our findings elucidate the unique effects of CVB3 infection on the BBB and shed light on potential mechanisms by which the virus can initiate infections in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mamana
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Gabrielle M. Humber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Eric R. Espinal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Soojung Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Nadine Vollmuth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Jon Sin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jon Sin, ; Brandon J. Kim,
| | - Brandon J. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jon Sin, ; Brandon J. Kim,
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12
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Bae JH, Ryu JC, Ha SH, Kim BJ, Kang DW, Kwon SU, Kim JS, Chang JY. Association of Left Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia with Posterior Circulation Stroke and the Functional Outcome of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation-Related Cardioembolic Stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:65-69. [PMID: 36521964 PMCID: PMC9835927 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A cardiogenic embolus could reach the posterior circulation through the right vertebral artery because of a relatively larger diameter in cases of left vertebral artery hypoplasia. Hence, we investigated whether left vertebral artery hypoplasia is associated with cardiac embolisms with atrial fibrillation in the posterior circulation and its functional outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this monocentric retrospective study, patients with acute cardioembolic stroke with atrial fibrillation were enrolled and underwent CT or neck MRA, which visualized the aortic arch and subclavian arteries. The laterality and size of vertebral artery hypoplasia were recorded. Posterior circulation stroke, basilar artery occlusion, and the functional outcomes after 3 months were investigated. RESULTS This study included 407 patients; the patients with left vertebral artery hypoplasia experienced a higher rate of posterior circulation stroke (19 versus 73; 42.2% versus 20.2%; P = .001) and basilar artery occlusion (5 versus 10; 11.1% versus 2.8%; P = .005) than the patients without left vertebral artery hypoplasia. Multivariate analysis revealed that left vertebral artery hypoplasia showed an association with lower odds of achieving a good functional outcome 3 months after the stroke (OR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9; P = .027). CONCLUSIONS Patients with cardioembolic stroke and left vertebral artery hypoplasia had posterior circulation stroke, basilar artery occlusion, and poor functional outcomes after 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Bae
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-H.B., J.-C.R., S.H.H., B.J.K., D.-W.K., S.U.K., J.Y.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-C Ryu
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-H.B., J.-C.R., S.H.H., B.J.K., D.-W.K., S.U.K., J.Y.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Ha
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-H.B., J.-C.R., S.H.H., B.J.K., D.-W.K., S.U.K., J.Y.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B J Kim
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-H.B., J.-C.R., S.H.H., B.J.K., D.-W.K., S.U.K., J.Y.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-W Kang
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-H.B., J.-C.R., S.H.H., B.J.K., D.-W.K., S.U.K., J.Y.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S U Kwon
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-H.B., J.-C.R., S.H.H., B.J.K., D.-W.K., S.U.K., J.Y.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-S Kim
- Department of Neurology (J.-S.K.), Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - J Y Chang
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-H.B., J.-C.R., S.H.H., B.J.K., D.-W.K., S.U.K., J.Y.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Endres LM, Jungblut M, Divyapicigil M, Sauer M, Stigloher C, Christodoulides M, Kim BJ, Schubert-Unkmeir A. Development of a multicellular in vitro model of the meningeal blood-CSF barrier to study Neisseria meningitidis infection. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:81. [PMID: 36289516 PMCID: PMC9597984 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening disease that occurs when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis cross the meningeal blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (mBCSFB) and infect the meninges. Due to the human-specific nature of N. meningitidis, previous research investigating this complex host–pathogen interaction has mostly been done in vitro using immortalized brain endothelial cells (BECs) alone, which often do not retain relevant barrier properties in culture. Here, we developed physiologically relevant mBCSFB models using BECs in co-culture with leptomeningeal cells (LMCs) to examine N. meningitidis interaction. Methods We used BEC-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iBECs) or hCMEC/D3 cells in co-culture with LMCs derived from tumor biopsies. We employed TEM and structured illumination microscopy to characterize the models as well as bacterial interaction. We measured TEER and sodium fluorescein (NaF) permeability to determine barrier tightness and integrity. We then analyzed bacterial adherence and penetration of the cell barrier and examined changes in host gene expression of tight junctions as well as chemokines and cytokines in response to infection. Results Both cell types remained distinct in co-culture and iBECs showed characteristic expression of BEC markers including tight junction proteins and endothelial markers. iBEC barrier function as determined by TEER and NaF permeability was improved by LMC co-culture and remained stable for seven days. BEC response to N. meningitidis infection was not affected by LMC co-culture. We detected considerable amounts of BEC-adherent meningococci and a relatively small number of intracellular bacteria. Interestingly, we discovered bacteria traversing the BEC-LMC barrier within the first 24 h post-infection, when barrier integrity was still high, suggesting a transcellular route for N. meningitidis into the CNS. Finally, we observed deterioration of barrier properties including loss of TEER and reduced expression of cell-junction components at late time points of infection. Conclusions Here, we report, for the first time, on co-culture of human iPSC derived BECs or hCMEC/D3 with meningioma derived LMCs and find that LMC co-culture improves barrier properties of iBECs. These novel models allow for a better understanding of N. meningitidis interaction at the mBCSFB in a physiologically relevant setting. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00379-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo M. Endres
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Jungblut
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Divyapicigil
- grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Microbiology Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Center for Convergent Biosciences & Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
| | - Markus Sauer
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stigloher
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Brandon J. Kim
- grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Microbiology Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Center for Convergent Biosciences & Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
| | - Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Kim DY, Baik SH, Jung C, Kim JY, Han SG, Kim BJ, Kang J, Bae HJ, Kim JH. Predictors and Impact of Sulcal SAH after Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Isolated M2 Occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1292-1298. [PMID: 35902120 PMCID: PMC9451639 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Data on SAH after M2 mechanical thrombectomy are limited. We aimed to determine the prevalence of sulcal SAH after mechanical thrombectomy for M2 occlusion, its associated predictors, and the resulting clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for isolated M2 occlusion. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of sulcal SAH after M2 mechanical thrombectomy. Angiographic and clinical outcomes were compared. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of sulcal SAH and unfavorable outcome (90-day mRS, 3-6). RESULTS Of the 209 enrolled patients, sulcal SAH was observed in 33 (15.8%) patients. The sulcal SAH group showed a higher rate of distal M2 occlusion (69.7% versus 22.7%), a higher of rate of superior division occlusion (63.6% versus 43.8%), and a higher M2 angulation (median, 128° versus 106°) than the non-sulcal SAH group. Of the 33 sulcal SAH cases, 23 (66.7%) were covert without visible intraprocedural contrast extravasation. Distal M2 occlusion (OR, 12.04; 95% CI, 4.56-35.67; P < .001), superior division (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.43-11.26; P = .010), M2 angulation (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; P < .001), and the number of passes (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.22-2.09; P < .001) were independent predictors of sulcal SAH. However, covert sulcal SAH was not associated with an unfavorable outcome (P = .830). CONCLUSIONS After mechanical thrombectomy for M2 occlusion, sulcal SAH was not uncommon and occurred more frequently with distal M2 occlusion, superior division, acute M2 angulation, and multiple thrombectomy passes (≥3). The impact of covert sulcal SAH was mostly benign and was not associated with an unfavorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.Y.K., S.H.B., C.J., J.H.K.)
- Neurology (D.Y.K, J.Y.K, S.-G.H., B.J.K, J.K., H-.J.B), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - S H Baik
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.Y.K., S.H.B., C.J., J.H.K.)
| | - C Jung
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.Y.K., S.H.B., C.J., J.H.K.)
| | - J Y Kim
- Neurology (D.Y.K, J.Y.K, S.-G.H., B.J.K, J.K., H-.J.B), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - S-G Han
- Neurology (D.Y.K, J.Y.K, S.-G.H., B.J.K, J.K., H-.J.B), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Neurology (D.Y.K, J.Y.K, S.-G.H., B.J.K, J.K., H-.J.B), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - J Kang
- Neurology (D.Y.K, J.Y.K, S.-G.H., B.J.K, J.K., H-.J.B), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - H-J Bae
- Neurology (D.Y.K, J.Y.K, S.-G.H., B.J.K, J.K., H-.J.B), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - J H Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.Y.K., S.H.B., C.J., J.H.K.)
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15
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Choi T, Zhang Z, Kim H, Park S, Kim JW, Lee KJ, Islam Z, Welp U, Chang SH, Kim BJ. Nanoscale Antiferromagnetic Domain Imaging using Full-Field Resonant X-ray Magnetic Diffraction Microscopy. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2200639. [PMID: 35580279 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of magnetic materials frequently depend not only on the microscopic spin and electronic structures, but also on the structures of mesoscopic length scales that emerge, for instance, from domain formations, or chemical and/or electronic phase separations. However, experimental access to such mesoscopic structures is currently limited, especially for antiferromagnets with net zero magnetization. Here, full-field microscopy and resonant magnetic X-ray diffraction are combined to visualize antiferromagnetic (AF) domains of the spin-orbit Mott insulator Sr2 IrO4 with area over ≈0.1 mm2 and with spatial resolution as high as ≈150 nm. With the unprecedented wide field of views and high spatial resolution, an intertwining of two AF domains on a length comparable to the measured average AF domain wall width of 545 nm is revealed. This mesoscopic structure comprises a substantial portion of the sample surface, and thus can result in a macroscopic response unexpected from its microscopic magnetic structure. In particular, the symmetry analysis presented in this work shows that the inversion symmetry, which is preserved by the microscopic AF order, becomes ill-defined at the mesoscopic length scale. This result underscores the importance of this novel technique for a thorough understanding of the physical properties of antiferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyang Choi
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwook Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Kyeong Jun Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Zahir Islam
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ulrich Welp
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Seo Hyoung Chang
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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16
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Holder BM, Tolan SE, Heinrich KK, Miller KC, Hudson N, Nehra G, Pizzo ME, Storck SE, Elmquist WF, Engelhardt B, Loryan I, Toborek M, Bauer B, Hartz AMS, Kim BJ. Brain barriers virtual: an interim solution or future opportunity? Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:19. [PMID: 35232464 PMCID: PMC8886561 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientific conferences are vital communication events for scientists in academia, industry, and government agencies. In the brain barriers research field, several international conferences exist that allow researchers to present data, share knowledge, and discuss novel ideas and concepts. These meetings are critical platforms for researchers to connect and exchange breakthrough findings on a regular basis. Due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, all in-person meetings were canceled in 2020. In response, we launched the Brain Barriers Virtual 2020 (BBV2020) seminar series, the first stand-in virtual event for the brain barriers field, to offer scientists a virtual platform to present their work. Here we report the aggregate attendance information on two in-person meetings compared with BBV2020 and comment on the utility of the virtual platform. METHODS The BBV2020 seminar series was hosted on a Zoom webinar platform and was free of cost for participants. Using registration- and Zoom-based data from the BBV2020 virtual seminar series and survey data collected from BBV2020 participants, we analyzed attendance trends, global reach, participation based on career stage, and engagement of BBV2020. We compared these data with those from two previous in-person conferences, a BBB meeting held in 2018 and CVB 2019. RESULTS We found that BBV2020 seminar participation steadily decreased over the course of the series. In contrast, live participation was consistently above 100 attendees and recording views were above 200 views per seminar. We also found that participants valued BBV2020 as a supplement during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Based on one post-BBV2020 survey, the majority of participants indicated that they would prefer in-person meetings but would welcome a virtual component to future in-person meetings. Compared to in-person meetings, BBV2020 enabled participation from a broad range of career stages and was attended by scientists in academic, industry, and government agencies from a wide range of countries worldwide. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a virtual event such as the BBV2020 seminar series provides easy access to science for researchers across all career stages around the globe. However, we recognize that limitations exist. Regardless, such a virtual event could be a valuable tool for the brain barriers community to reach and engage scientists worldwide to further grow the brain barriers research field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M Holder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Complex, The University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, United States
| | - Shaina E Tolan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Complex, The University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, United States
| | - Kaleb K Heinrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Complex, The University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, United States
| | - Kaitlin C Miller
- Department of Journalism and Creative Media, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Natalie Hudson
- Neurovascular Genetics Unit, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geetika Nehra
- Department of Biology, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michelle E Pizzo
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., CA, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Steffen E Storck
- Washington University of St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Gutenberg Research Fellowship Group of Neuroimmunology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - William F Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Irena Loryan
- Translational PK/PD Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bjoern Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, KY, Lexington, USA
| | - Brandon J Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Complex, The University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, United States. .,Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection of the central nervous system (CNS) that occurs when blood-borne bacteria are able to exit the cerebral vasculature and cause inflammation. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the meningeal blood-CSF barrier (mBCSFB) are composed of highly specialized brain endothelial cells (BECs) that possess unique phenotypes when compared to their peripheral endothelial counterparts. To cause meningitis, bacterial pathogens must be able to interact and penetrate these specialized BECs to gain access to the CNS. In vitro models have been employed to study bacterial-BEC interactions; however, many lack BEC phenotypes. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies have enabled the derivation of brain endothelial-like cells that phenocopy BECs in culture. Recently, these iPSC-BECs have been employed to examine the host-pathogen interaction at the endothelial brain barriers. Using two clinically relevant human meningeal pathogens, this chapter describes the use of iPSC-BECs to study various aspects of BEC-bacterial interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Espinal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - S Jerod Sharp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, USA
| | - Brandon J Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
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18
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Singh N, Bala F, Kim BJ, Najm M, Ahn SH, Fainardi E, Rubiera M, Khaw AV, Zini A, Goyal M, Menon BK, Almekhlafi M. Time-resolved assessment of cortical venous drainage on multiphase CT angiography in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neuroradiology 2021; 64:897-903. [PMID: 34704112 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cortical vein opacification is not routinely assessed in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and the value of temporal assessment of venous outflow is not known. We evaluated the utility of assessing cortical venous drainage over time using multiphase CT angiography (mCTA). METHODS Cortical venous drainage was assessed in patients from the Precise and Rapid Assessment of Collaterals Using Multi-Phase CTA in the Triage of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke for IA Therapy prospective multicenter cohort study of patients with symptoms of AIS with ICA and/or middle cerebral artery occlusion on baseline mCTA. Opacification of vein of Labbe, sphenoparietal sinus, superficial middle cerebral vein, and vein of Trolard of the affected hemisphere was graded as no (0), partial (1), or full (2) opacification in each mCTA phase. The venous opacification scores for each phase were added to generate a total venous score (TVS) (range 0-24). Primary outcome was 90-day modified Rankin score. Repeated measures analysis was used to assess the effect of phase timing on venous score on outcome. RESULTS Of 432 patients, 284 (65.7%) had proximal arterial occlusions. Median venous opacification score per phase (range 0-8) was 3 (IQR 1-6) in the first phase and increased in the second and third phases [median (IQR): 6 (5-8) and 8 (6-8), respectively] of the mCTA. In a multivariable analysis adjusting for age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and Alberta stroke program early CT score, a significant association between TVS and 90-day mRS was noted ([adjusted cOR for TVS 6-11: 0.16 (95% CI 0.05-0.51); TVS 12-17: 0.18 (95% CI 0.06-0.57); TVS 18-24: 0.20 (0.06-0.63)]. Repeated measures analysis of venous scores from all three phases showed a significant effect of time/phase on TVS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study concludes that venous opacification over time on multiphase CTA is associated with 90-day clinical outcome. There was however no added benefit of venous scoring vis-a-vis arterial collateral assessment in predicting outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Singh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Fouzi Bala
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Najm
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Seong Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Enrico Fainardi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Rubiera
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander V Khaw
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada
| | - Andrea Zini
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mayank Goyal
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bijoy K Menon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammed Almekhlafi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
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19
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Kim BJ, Park JI, Nam JH, Lee JH, Lee CH, Son JW, Park JS, Shin DG, Kim U, Her SH, Chang KY, Ahn TH, Jeong MH, Rha SW, Kim HS. Clinical impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance in patients of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stent. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is little data about clinical role of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided Percutaneous (PCI) in the setting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods
From 2005 to 2018, a total of 8,129 patients who underwent PCI with STEMI were investigated from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institute of Health database. Patients with Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, bare metal stent implantation, thrombolytic treatment, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery were excluded. We categorized patients into two groups based on the treatment strategy: IVUS-guided PCI group (n=1,544), and coronary angiography guidance (CAG)-guided PCI group (n=6,585). The primary endpoint was composite of major adverse cardiovascular (MACE), including, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), repeat target vessel revascularization (TVR) and stent thrombosis (ST).
Results
IVUS-guided PCI was performed in 19% patients (1544/8129). After propensity score matching, there were no statistically difference in the rate of cardiac death (0% in IVUS vs. 0.26% in CAG, p=0.947), MI (2.01% vs. 2.01%, p=0.408), TVR (1.23% vs. 0.91%, p=0.131), ST (0.32% vs. 0.45%, p=0.828) and composite of MACE at 1 year between two groups (2.01% vs. 2.40%, p=0.843). Independent risk factors for MACE were diabetes mellitus and multi-vessel disease, but not IVUS-guided PCI (HR 1.167, 95% CI, 0.896–1.520, p=0.251).
Conclusion
This study suggests that routine usage of IVUS in the setting of STEMI may not be necessary. Large-scaled random study will be needed for further evaluation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kim
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J I Park
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Nam
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Lee
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)
| | - C H Lee
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J W Son
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Park
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)
| | - D G Shin
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)
| | - U Kim
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S H Her
- St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Y Chang
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - T H Ahn
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M H Jeong
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Rha
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)
| | - H S Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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20
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Baik SH, Jung C, Kim JY, Shin DW, Kim BJ, Kang J, Bae HJ, Kim JH. Local Intra-arterial Thrombolysis during Mechanical Thrombectomy for Refractory Large-Vessel Occlusion: Adjunctive Chemical Enhancer of Thrombectomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1986-1992. [PMID: 34475193 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Data on adjunctive intra-arterial thrombolysis during mechanical thrombectomy for refractory thrombus are sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of local intra-arterial urokinase as an adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy for refractory large-vessel occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion between January 2016 and December 2019. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the use of intra-arterial urokinase as an adjunctive therapy during mechanical thrombectomy for refractory thrombus: the urokinase and nonurokinase groups. Herein, refractory thrombus was defined as the target occlusion with minimal reperfusion (TICI 0 or 1) despite >3 attempts with conventional mechanical thrombectomy. The baseline characteristics, procedural outcomes, and clinical outcome were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS One hundred fourteen cases of refractory thrombus were identified. A total of 45 and 69 patients were in the urokinase and the nonurokinase groups, respectively. The urokinase group compared with the nonurokinase group showed a higher rate of successful reperfusion (82.2% versus 63.8%, P = .034), with lower procedural times (54 versus 69 minutes, P = .137). The rates of good clinical outcome, distal embolism, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were similar between the 2 groups. The use of intra-arterial urokinase (OR = 3.682; 95% CI, 1.156-11.730; P = .027) was an independent predictor of successful reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS The use of local intra-arterial urokinase as an adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy may be an effective and safe method that provides better recanalization than the conventional mechanical thrombectomy for refractory thrombus in patients with embolic large-vessel occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Baik
- From the Department of Radiology (S.H.B., C.J., D.-W.S., J.H.K.,)
| | - C Jung
- From the Department of Radiology (S.H.B., C.J., D.-W.S., J.H.K.,)
| | - J Y Kim
- Department of Neurology (J.Y.K., B.J.K., J.K., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - D-W Shin
- From the Department of Radiology (S.H.B., C.J., D.-W.S., J.H.K.,)
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Neurology (J.Y.K., B.J.K., J.K., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kang
- Department of Neurology (J.Y.K., B.J.K., J.K., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - H-J Bae
- Department of Neurology (J.Y.K., B.J.K., J.K., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- From the Department of Radiology (S.H.B., C.J., D.-W.S., J.H.K.,)
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21
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Bala F, Ospel J, Mulpur B, Kim BJ, Yoo J, Menon BK, Goyal M, Federau C, Sohn SI, Hussain MS, Almekhlafi MA. Infarct Growth despite Successful Endovascular Reperfusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1472-1478. [PMID: 34083260 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infarct volume inversely correlates with good recovery in stroke. The magnitude and predictors of infarct growth despite successful reperfusion via endovascular treatment are not known. PURPOSE We aimed to summarize the extent of infarct growth in patients with acute stroke who achieved successful reperfusion (TICI 2b-3) after endovascular treatment. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Google Scholar for articles published up to October 31, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Studies of >10 patients reporting baseline and post-endovascular treatment infarct volumes on MR imaging were included. Only patients with TICI 2b-3 were included. We calculated infarct growth at a study level as the difference between baseline and follow-up MR imaging infarct volumes. DATA ANALYSIS Our search yielded 345 studies, and we included 10 studies reporting on 973 patients having undergone endovascular treatment who achieved successful reperfusion. DATA SYNTHESIS The mean baseline infarct volume was 19.5 mL, while the mean final infarct volume was 37.5 mL. A TICI 2b reperfusion grade was achieved in 24% of patients, and TICI 2c or 3 in 76%. The pooled mean infarct growth was 14.8 mL (95% CI, 7.9-21.7 mL). Meta-regression showed higher infarct growth in studies that reported higher baseline infarct volumes, higher rates of incomplete reperfusion (modified TICI 2b), and longer onset-to-reperfusion times. LIMITATIONS Significant heterogeneity among studies was noted and might be driven by the difference in infarct growth between early- and late-treatment studies. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest considerable infarct growth despite successful endovascular treatment reperfusion and call for a faster workflow and the need for specific therapies to limit infarct growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bala
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., J.O., B.K.M., M.G., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.B., B.K.M., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Ospel
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., J.O., B.K.M., M.G., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine (J.O.), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Mulpur
- Cerebrovascular Center and Department of Neurology (B.M., M.S.H.), Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (B.J.K.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yoo
- Yonsei University College of Medicine (J.Y.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Korea
| | - B K Menon
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., J.O., B.K.M., M.G., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.B., B.K.M., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology (B.K.M., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Goyal
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., J.O., B.K.M., M.G., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Federau
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering (C.F.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S-I Sohn
- Department of Neurology (S.-I.S.), Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - M S Hussain
- Cerebrovascular Center and Department of Neurology (B.M., M.S.H.), Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - M A Almekhlafi
- From the Calgary Stroke Program (F.B., J.O., B.K.M., M.G., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (F.B., B.K.M., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology (B.K.M., M.A.A.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Suzuki H, Liu H, Bertinshaw J, Ueda K, Kim H, Laha S, Weber D, Yang Z, Wang L, Takahashi H, Fürsich K, Minola M, Lotsch BV, Kim BJ, Yavaş H, Daghofer M, Chaloupka J, Khaliullin G, Gretarsson H, Keimer B. Proximate ferromagnetic state in the Kitaev model material α-RuCl 3. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4512. [PMID: 34301938 PMCID: PMC8302668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
α-RuCl3 is a major candidate for the realization of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid, but its zigzag antiferromagnetic order at low temperatures indicates deviations from the Kitaev model. We have quantified the spin Hamiltonian of α-RuCl3 by a resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study at the Ru L3 absorption edge. In the paramagnetic state, the quasi-elastic intensity of magnetic excitations has a broad maximum around the zone center without any local maxima at the zigzag magnetic Bragg wavevectors. This finding implies that the zigzag order is fragile and readily destabilized by competing ferromagnetic correlations. The classical ground state of the experimentally determined Hamiltonian is actually ferromagnetic. The zigzag state is stabilized by quantum fluctuations, leaving ferromagnetism – along with the Kitaev spin liquid – as energetically proximate metastable states. The three closely competing states and their collective excitations hold the key to the theoretical understanding of the unusual properties of α-RuCl3 in magnetic fields. RuCl3 has stood out as a prime candidate in the search for quantum spin liquids; however, its antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperature suggests deviations from typical QSL models. Here, using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, the authors provide a comprehensive determination of the low energy effective Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suzuki
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - H Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - J Bertinshaw
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K Ueda
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Kim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - S Laha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D Weber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Z Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - L Wang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Takahashi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K Fürsich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Minola
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B V Lotsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), München, Germany
| | - B J Kim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - H Yavaş
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M Daghofer
- Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Chaloupka
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - G Khaliullin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Gretarsson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Keimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.
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23
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Park SJ, Han HS, Shin SH, Yoo KH, Li K, Kim BJ, Seo SJ, Park KY. Adverse skin reactions due to use of face masks: a prospective survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e628-e630. [PMID: 34131961 PMCID: PMC8447351 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Han
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Y Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Han HS, Park JW, Yoo KH, Kim BJ. A phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety of HU-045 for treating moderate-to-severe glabellar lines: a pilot study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e614-e617. [PMID: 34014571 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H S Han
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Kim K, Kim H, Kim J, Kwon C, Kim JS, Kim BJ. Author Correction: Direct observation of excitonic instability in Ta 2NiSe 5. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2998. [PMID: 33990591 PMCID: PMC8121826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kwangrae Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Changil Kwon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea. .,Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.
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26
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Park SJ, Park JW, Ahn GR, Choi SY, Yoo KH, Li K, Kim BJ. A study of the microbiological profile of filler-induced skin necrosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:901-905. [PMID: 33763910 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Skin necrosis is one of the most severe complications following filler injections, and can result in permanent aesthetic defects. Although an increasing number of studies have addressed the management of dermal filler complications, no study has described the spectrum of microbial pathogens. The aim of this study was to delineate the bacterial profile and prognostic factors of filler-related skin necrosis by reviewing the clinical and microbiological features of these patients. A retrospective medical record review of patients undergoing treatment for skin necrosis induced by fillers was conducted. In total, 10 cases were identified, with injection sites being the nasolabial fold (70%; n = 7), nasal dorsum (20%; n = 2) and nasal tip (10%; n = 1). Reviewing the culture results, the true culture-positive rate was found to be 50% after cases of contamination were excluded. To avoid permanent sequelae, all physicians should be aware of possible secondary infections when treating filler-induced skin necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J W Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - G R Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Y Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K H Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Abstract
Coulomb attraction between electrons and holes in a narrow-gap semiconductor or a semimetal is predicted to lead to an elusive phase of matter dubbed excitonic insulator. However, direct observation of such electronic instability remains extremely rare. Here, we report the observation of incipient divergence in the static excitonic susceptibility of the candidate material Ta2NiSe5 using Raman spectroscopy. Critical fluctuations of the excitonic order parameter give rise to quasi-elastic scattering of B2g symmetry, whose intensity grows inversely with temperature toward the Weiss temperature of TW ≈ 237 K, which is arrested by a structural phase transition driven by an acoustic phonon of the same symmetry at TC = 325 K. Concurrently, a B2g optical phonon becomes heavily damped to the extent that its trace is almost invisible around TC, which manifests a strong electron-phonon coupling that has obscured the identification of the low-temperature phase as an excitonic insulator for more than a decade. Our results unambiguously reveal the electronic origin of the phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangrae Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Changil Kwon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.
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28
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Yoo KH, Park SJ, Han HS, Won CH, Lee YW, Kim BJ. Randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, multicentre, phase III clinical trial with two stages to assess the safety and efficacy of letibotulinum toxin a vs. onabotulinum toxin a for subjects with moderate to severe crow's feet. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1587-1594. [PMID: 33721365 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Letibotulinum toxin A (LeBA) was approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (known as the Korea Food & Drug Administration) for cosmetic indications in 2012. However, the efficacy and safety of this newly introduced LeBA have not been investigated in crow's feet lines (CFL) treatment and standardization before its universal use. OBJECTIVE The aim of this multicentre, double-blind, randomized, parallel, active-controlled Phase III clinical trial with two stages (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03408236) was to investigate the non-inferiority of LeBA vs. the existing onabotulinum toxin A (OnBA) for the treatment of CFL. METHODS A total of 240 subjects were randomized to either the test (LeBA) or control (OnBA) group. At the baseline and at weeks 4 while maximum smiling (primary efficacy assessment), 8, 12 and 16, investigator's on-site evaluation, independent evaluator, evaluation by the subjects, subjects' satisfaction assessment and safety assessment were performed. RESULTS At week 4, the response rate of primary efficacy assessment was 69.75% and 68.33% in the test (LeBA) and control (OnBA) groups, respectively, without a significant difference. Other minor secondary evaluation results showed significant differences suggesting that LeBA offered better improvement than OnBA, but the overall results did not show significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION This study showed that LeBA was as effective and safe as OnBA for the treatment of CFL at the same doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Han
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - C H Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y W Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Lee JY, Kim BJ, Lee SH, Lee JW, Lee WS. Low quality of life and high HSS-29 scores reflect the risk of loss to follow-up: a study in patients with androgenetic alopecia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e457-e459. [PMID: 33657244 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - W S Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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30
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Park SJ, Park JW, Park KY, Li K, Seo SJ, Kim BJ, Yoo KH. Systemic contact dermatitis induced by Rhus allergens in Korea: exercising caution in the consumption of this nutritious food. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 46:324-327. [PMID: 32974941 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic contact dermatitis (SCD) develops when a person who was previously sensitized to an allergen is exposed to the same allergen via the systemic route. In East Asia, the use of lacquer for polishing furniture is common and a part of the traditional culture. Contact exposure to tableware polished with Rhus lacquer may lead to sensitization. In Korea, SCD is commonly observed after systemic exposure to Rhus, a nutritious food item consumed because of the common belief of it improving the immune system. In this study, we reviewed the medical records of 21 Korean patients with SCD caused by Rhus ingestion. We found that the most significant epidemiological factor for SCD was the season of the year. Furthermore, 66.67% of the patients presented with leucocytosis and 23.81% showed increased liver enzyme levels. It is important to educate people on the risks associated with the systemic ingestion of Rhus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J W Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Y Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S J Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K H Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Choi YB, Xie Y, Chen CZ, Park J, Song SB, Yoon J, Kim BJ, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Kim J, Fong KC, Ali MN, Law KT, Lee GH. Author Correction: Evidence of higher-order topology in multilayer WTe 2 from Josephson coupling through anisotropic hinge states. Nat Mater 2020; 19:1036. [PMID: 32681037 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Choi
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingming Xie
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chui-Zhen Chen
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Advanced Study and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Beom Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Yoon
- Max Plank Institute for Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kin Chung Fong
- Raytheon BBN Technologies, Quantum Information Processing Group, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Mazhar N Ali
- Max Plank Institute for Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Kam Tuen Law
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gil-Ho Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Choi YB, Xie Y, Chen CZ, Park J, Song SB, Yoon J, Kim BJ, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Kim J, Fong KC, Ali MN, Law KT, Lee GH. Evidence of higher-order topology in multilayer WTe 2 from Josephson coupling through anisotropic hinge states. Nat Mater 2020; 19:974-979. [PMID: 32632280 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Td-WTe2 (non-centrosymmetric and orthorhombic), a type-II Weyl semimetal, is expected to have higher-order topological phases with topologically protected, helical one-dimensional hinge states when its Weyl points are annihilated. However, the detection of these hinge states is difficult due to the semimetallic behaviour of the bulk. In this study, we have spatially resolved the hinge states by analysing the magnetic field interference of the supercurrent in Nb-WTe2-Nb proximity Josephson junctions. The Josephson current along the a axis of the WTe2 crystal, but not along the b axis, showed a sharp enhancement at the edges of the junction, and the amount of enhanced Josephson current was comparable to the upper limits of a single one-dimensional helical channel. Our experimental observations suggest a higher-order topological phase in WTe2 and its corresponding anisotropic topological hinge states, in agreement with theoretical calculations. Our work paves the way for the study of hinge states in topological transition-metal dichalcogenides and analogous phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Choi
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingming Xie
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chui-Zhen Chen
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Advanced Study and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Beom Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Yoon
- Max Plank Institute for Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kin Chung Fong
- Raytheon BBN Technologies, Quantum Information Processing Group, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Mazhar N Ali
- Max Plank Institute for Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Kam Tuen Law
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gil-Ho Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Decanini D, Harouri A, Mita Y, Kim BJ, Hwang G. 3D micro fractal pipettes for capillary based robotic liquid handling. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:086104. [PMID: 32872947 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized and mobile liquid handling devices are essential elements to biological or clinical applications. This will innovate the conventional liquid handling methods such as manual or automated pipetting systems. Here, we propose the micro fractal pipette as the candidate device for this objective. It is made of epoxy polymer and printed by innovative 3D nanoprinting technology based on two-photon absorption polymerization with sub-micrometer resolution. We demonstrated the efficient liquid handling performance by using the micro fractal pipette between the source droplet and the target hydrogel substrate. This is due to the high porosity (78%) and the 8.5 times larger cavity surface area compared to the full pyramid. The biomimetic inner cavity microchannel networks contribute to the low pressure drop. The proposed micro fractal pipette could also innovate the versatile and miniaturized liquid handling system, promising to various biological or clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Decanini
- C2N-CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - A Harouri
- C2N-CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Y Mita
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - B J Kim
- LIMMS-CNRS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - G Hwang
- C2N-CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau 91120, France
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Endres LM, Hathcock SF, Schubert-Unkmeir A, Kim BJ. Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32744533 DOI: 10.3791/61400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningococcal meningitis is a life-threatening infection that occurs when Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus, Nm) can gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) by penetrating highly specialized brain endothelial cells (BECs). As Nm is a human-specific pathogen, the lack of robust in vivo model systems makes study of the host-pathogen interactions between Nm and BECs challenging and establishes a need for a human based model that mimics native BECs. BECs possess tighter barrier properties when compared to peripheral endothelial cells characterized by complex tight junctions and elevated trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). However, many in vitro models, such as primary BECs and immortalized BECs, either lack or rapidly lose their barrier properties after removal from the native neural microenvironment. Recent advances in human stem-cell technologies have developed methods for deriving brain-like endothelial cells from induced pluripotent stem-cells (iPSCs) that better phenocopy BECs when compared to other in vitro human models. The use of iPSC-derived BECs (iPSC-BECs) to model Nm-BEC interaction has the benefit of using human cells that possess BEC barrier properties, and can be used to examine barrier destruction, innate immune activation, and bacterial interaction. Here we demonstrate how to derive iPSC-BECs from iPSCs in addition to bacterial preparation, infection, and sample collection for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo M Endres
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg
| | - Sarah F Hathcock
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama;
| | | | - Brandon J Kim
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama;
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35
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Kim JK, Casa D, Huang X, Gog T, Kim BJ, Kim J. Montel mirror based collimating analyzer system for high-pressure resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:963-969. [PMID: 33566005 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520005792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is increasingly playing a significant role in studying highly correlated systems, especially since it was proven capable of measuring low-energy magnetic excitations. However, despite high expectations for experimental evidence of novel magnetic phases at high pressure, unequivocal low-energy spectral signatures remain obscured by extrinsic scattering from material surrounding the sample in a diamond anvil cell (DAC): pressure media, Be gasket and the diamond anvils themselves. A scattered X-ray collimation based medium-energy resolution (∼100 meV) analyzer system for a RIXS spectrometer at the Ir L3-absorption edge has been designed and built to remediate these difficulties. Due to the confocal nature of the analyzer system, the majority of extrinsic scattering is rejected, yielding a clean low-energy excitation spectrum of an iridate Sr2IrO4 sample in a DAC cell. Furthermore, the energy resolution of different configurations of the collimating and analyzing optics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Diego Casa
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Xianrong Huang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Thomas Gog
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - B J Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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Kim BJ, Lee KB, Lee JM, Hwang SH, Heo DH, Han KH. Design of optimal digital filter and digital signal processing for a CdZnTe high resolution gamma-ray system. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 162:109171. [PMID: 32501226 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an online digital signal processing system based on an FPGA. The system consists of pile-up rejection, baseline restorer, peak detection and pole-zero cancellation for evaluation of deposited energy in the detector. The shaping algorithm employed is a Moving Window Deconvolution (MWD) to shape digitized data into a trapezoidal form. For the purpose of verification, the developed digital system was tested for 137Cs gamma rays. The entire system is programmed using the LabVIEW environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kim
- Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - J M Lee
- Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Heo
- Ionizing Radiation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Han
- ULS Co., Ltd., Daejeon, 34186, Republic of Korea
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Kim JM, Park KY, Yu IW, Song TJ, Kim YJ, Kim BJ, Heo SH, Jung JM, Oh KM, Kim CK, Yu S, Park JH, Choi JC, Park MS, Kim JT, Choi KH, Hwang YH, Chung JW, Bang OY, Kim GM, Seo WK. Incidence of oral anticoagulant interruption among stroke patients with atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:900-902. [PMID: 32064742 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We analyzed the incidence and causes of oral anticoagulant (OAC) cessation and subsequent stroke after OAC withdrawal in a cohort of Korean stroke patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS The Korean Atrial Fibrillation Evaluation Registry in Ischemic Stroke patients (K-ATTENTION) is a multicenter cohort study, merging stroke registries from 11 tertiary centers in Korea. The number of OAC interruption episodes and the reasons were reviewed from hospital records. Stroke after OAC withdrawal was defined when a patient experienced ischaemic stroke within 31 days after OAC withdrawal. Clinical variables were compared between patients who experienced stroke recurrence during OAC interruption and those who did not experience recurrence. RESULTS Among 3213 stroke patients with atrial fibrillation, a total of 329 episodes of OAC interruption were detected in 229 patients after index stroke (mean age 72.9 ± 8.3 years, 113 female patients). The most frequent reason for OAC withdrawal was poor compliance [103 episodes (31.3%)] followed by extracranial bleeding [96 episodes (29.2%)]. Stroke after OAC withdrawal was noted in 13 patients. Mean age, vascular risk factor profile and mean CHA2 DS2 -VASc score were not significantly different between patients with and without recurrent stroke. CONCLUSIONS A considerable number of stroke patients with atrial fibrillation experienced temporary interruption of OAC after index stroke, which was associated with stroke recurrence of 4.0 cases per 100 interruption episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-Y Park
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I-W Yu
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T-J Song
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eunpyeong St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Heo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-M Jung
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - K-M Oh
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C K Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Yu
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Park
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - J C Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - M-S Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J-T Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - K-H Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y-H Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - J-W Chung
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - O Y Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G-M Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-K Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Haskel D, Fabbris G, Kim JH, Veiga LSI, Mardegan JRL, Escanhoela CA, Chikara S, Struzhkin V, Senthil T, Kim BJ, Cao G, Kim JW. Possible Quantum Paramagnetism in Compressed Sr_{2}IrO_{4}. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:067201. [PMID: 32109088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.067201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of compression on the magnetic ground state of Sr_{2}IrO_{4} is studied with x-ray resonant techniques in the diamond anvil cell. The weak interlayer exchange coupling between square-planar 2D IrO_{2} layers is readily modified upon compression, with a crossover between magnetic structures around 7 GPa mimicking the effect of an applied magnetic field at ambient pressure. Higher pressures drive an order-disorder magnetic phase transition with no magnetic order detected above 17-20 GPa. The persistence of strong exchange interactions between J_{eff}=1/2 magnetic moments within the insulating IrO_{2} layers up to at least 35 GPa points to a highly frustrated magnetic state in compressed Sr_{2}IrO_{4}, opening the door for realization of novel quantum paramagnetic phases driven by extended 5d orbitals with entangled spin and orbital degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Haskel
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G Fabbris
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J H Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - L S I Veiga
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-859, Brazil
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J R L Mardegan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-859, Brazil
| | - C A Escanhoela
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - S Chikara
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Struzhkin
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - T Senthil
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B J Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - G Cao
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J-W Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Kim
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern Californa, Los Angeles
| | - Hagit Shoffel-Havakuk
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern Californa, Los Angeles.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. (Previous: USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern Californa, Los Angeles, California)
| | - Michael M Johns
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern Californa, Los Angeles
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Kim BJ, Kim JH, Kim BS, Kang JH. P4390Sex-specific association between secondhand smoke exposure and metabolic syndrome in 118,609 Korean never-smokers verified by both self-reported questionnaire and cotinine. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
No study has reported the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in self-reported never-smokers verified by nicotine metabolite.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between SHS exposure and MetS in self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers.
Methods
A total of 118,609 self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers (38,385 men; age 34.8±7.1 years) who participated in Kangbuk Samsung Health Study (KSHS) and Kangbuk Samsung Cohort study (KSCS) between 2011 and 2016 were included. Cotinine-verified never-smoker was defined as individuals having urinary cotinine <50 ng/mL. SHS exposure was defined as having experienced passive smoking indoors at home or the workplace.
Results
The prevalence of SHS exposure in the overall population was 22.6%, with rates of 27.4% for males and 20.3% for females (p<0.001). The overall prevalence of MetS was 6.8%; the prevalence in males was higher than that in females (10.7% versus 4.9%, p<0.001). In both males and females, the prevalence of MetS in group with SHS exposure was higher than that in group without SHS exposure (11.3% versus 10.4%, p=0.010 for males; 5.8% versus 4.6%, p<0.001 for females). However, there was significant gender interaction for the relationships between SHS exposure and MetS (p for interaction=0.010). A multivariate regression model was adjusted for the baseline variables including age, body mass index, frequency of alcohol drinking and vigorous exercise, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and hsCRP. The results showed that SHS exposure only in females was associated with MetS (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.17 [1.06, 1.29] for females; 1.02 [0.94, 1.11] for males). In particular, females with SHS exposure of ≥1 hours/day, ≥3 times/week, and ≥10 years increased the prevalence of MetS compared to those without SHS exposure (1.21 [1.02, 1.45], 1.30 [1.14, 1.49], and 1.12 [0.99, 1.28], respectively.
Conclusions
This study showed that the SHS exposure in females was significantly associated with MetS in self-reported never-smokers with low urinary cotinine levels (<50 ng/mL), suggesting that more active anti-smoking programs in the home and public are needed to reduce the risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kim
- Division.of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Kim
- Division.of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B S Kim
- Division.of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Kang
- Division.of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Kim BJ, Kim JH, Seo DC, Kim BS, Kang JH. 4947Association between secondhand smoke exposure and diabetes mellitus in 131,724 Korean never smokers using self-reported questionnaire and cotinine: gender differences. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
No study has reported the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and diabetes mellitus in self-reported never-smokers verified by nicotine metabolite.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between SHS exposure and diabetes mellitus in self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers.
Methods
A total of 131,724 self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers (42,681 men; age 35.0±7.1 years) enrolled in Kangbuk Samsung Health Study (KSHS) and Kangbuk Samsung Cohort study (KSCS) between 2011 and 2016 were included. Cotinine-verified never-smoker was defined as individuals having urinary cotinine <50 ng/mL. SHS exposure was defined as having experienced passive smoking indoors at home or the workplace. Diabetes mellitus was defined as having a fasting blood glucose level of ≥7.0mmol/L, hemoglobin A1C ≥6.5% or taking anti-diabetic medication(s).
Results
The frequency of diabetes mellitus in the overall population was 1.6%; the frequency in males was higher than that in females (2.2% versus 1.3%, p<0.001). The overall frequency of SHS exposure was 22.9%, with rates of 27.6% for males and 20.7% for females (p<0.001). The frequency of diabetes mellitus in group with SHS exposure was higher than that in group without SHS exposure only in females (1.8% versus 1.2%, p<0.001 for females; 2.2% versus 2.2%, p=0.956 for males). There was significant gender interaction for the relationships between SHS exposure and diabetes mellitus (p for interaction <0.001). A multivariate regression model was adjusted for the baseline variables including age, waist circumference, body mass index, frequency of alcohol drinking and vigorous exercise, systolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and hsCRP. Only in females, SHS exposure was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.40 [1.20, 1.65] for females; 1.00 [0.85, 1.19] for males). Higher frequency and longer duration of SHS exposure were also significantly associated with diabetes mellitus (p<0.001) for all trends). In particular, females with SHS exposure of ≥1 hours/day, ≥3 times/week, and ≥10 years increased the risk of diabetes mellitus 51–64% above that for those without SHS exposure (1.64 [1.25, 2.13], 1.51 [1.21, 1.87], and 1.59 [1.30, 1.95], respectively.
Conclusions
This study showed that the SHS exposure in females was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus in self-reported never-smokers verified by urinary cotinine and this association was proportional to the frequency and duration of SHS exposure. These findings suggest the importance of banning smoking in the home and public to reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus.
Acknowledgement/Funding
None
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kim
- Division.of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Kim
- Division.of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - D C Seo
- Division.of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B S Kim
- Division.of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Kang
- Division.of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Ashraf S, Kim BJ, Park S, Park H, Lee SH. RHEB gene therapy maintains the chondrogenic characteristics and protects cartilage tissue from degenerative damage during experimental murine osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1508-1517. [PMID: 31229684 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage degeneration resulting from hypertrophic changes in chondrocytes caused by altered gene expression. The involvement of Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB) in OA regulation is unclear. METHODS Human knee articular cartilage samples - were analyzed for structural and biological changes by histology, immunohistochemistry, real time PCR and western blotting. OA-mouse model developed by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) were treated with adenovirus harboring Rheb gene to analyze onset and progression of OA. Histological scoring, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL assay was performed to assess cartilage damage across the entire joint. RESULTS Human and mouse OA cartilage is degenerated and has markedly reduced levels of RHEB. Human OA-degenerated chondrocytes (DC) exhibited a fibroblastic phenotype and 80 % of degenerative cartilage were senescent, with higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gene expression analysis of DC revealed almost no COL2A1 expression and reduced SOX9 and RHEB expression. Transient transfection of RHEB rescued the DC phenotype and reduced senescence and ROS levels markedly. RHEB overexpression also increased COL2A1 and SOX9 expression. In an OA-mouse model, the Rheb protein level decreased as the severity of OA increased. Ectopic expression of Rheb using adenovirus in mouse-OA cartilage suppressed surgically-induced OA pathogenesis accompanied by modulation of Adamts5, Mmp 13, Col 10, and Col2a1 expression. Rheb induction significantly reduced apoptosis in OA-cartilage. CONCLUSION RHEB plays an important role in maintaining the chondrogenic characteristics of chondrocytes, and has potential in preventing progression of OA in the destabilize the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ashraf
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - S-H Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sung J, Ahn KT, Cho BR, Lee SY, Kim BJ, Kim DK, Park JI, Lee WS. 1423Adherence to triple component antihypertensive regimen is higher in single-pill combination than two-pill regimen: data from a randomized controlled trial using medication event monitoring system. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Simplicity of regimen is known to be an important determinant of medication adherence and using single-pill combination (SPC) in hypertension treatment resulted in better adherence and persistence than free-equivalent combination. However, this finding has been studied only in dual-component antihypertensive treatments and in observational studies using medication possession ratio as an index of adherence. Medication event monitoring system (MEMS) is considered to be the gold standard in estimating medication adherence.
Purpose
To investigate the superiority in adherence of triple-component SPC compared to equivalent two-pill regimen using MEMS
Methods
This is a multi-center open-label randomized controlled trial. Inclusion criteria were hypertensive patients whose clinic blood pressure is not adequately controlled (systolic >140 mmHg or diastolic >90 mmHg) with combination antihypertensive regimen comprising two of three classes (angiotensin receptor blocker, calcium channel blocker and thiazide diuretics) for at least 4 weeks. Eligible patients were randomized either to single-pill (triple-component SPC, olmesartan/amlodipine/ hydrochlorothiazide 20/5/12.5 mg) or two-pill (dual-component SPC + one free pill, olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide 20/12.5 mg + amlodipine 5 mg) groups and maintained for 12 weeks. Medications were dispensed in MEMS. Primary outcomes were the difference of percentage of dose taken (PDT) and percentage of days with prescribed dose taken correctly (PDTc) between single- and two-pill therapy, calculated from MEMS data.
Results
From 8 hospitals, 146 hypertensive patients were randomized into single- and two-pill groups. Final analysis was done in 65 and 66 patients in each group from which adherence index could be obtained. Baseline clinical characteristics of the two groups were not different. The single-pill group had significantly higher PDT and PDTc compared to the two-pill group. (median (25–75 percentile) (%), PDT 95.1 (87.9 - 100.0) vs 91.2 (79.8 - 96.5); PDTc 93.1 (79.8 - 96.5) vs 91.3 (70.7 - 96.4), p = both 0.04, by Wilcoxon rank sum test)
Percent dose taken
Conclusion
Single-pill combination of triple-component antihypertensive regimen showed superior adherence compared to equivalent two-pill therapy. Reducing pill burden by using SPC is a relevant strategy to enhance the adherence to multi-drug antihypertensive therapy.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Daiichi-Sankyo
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sung
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - K T Ahn
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B R Cho
- Kangwon National University Hospital, Chooncheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Y Lee
- Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B J Kim
- Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - D K Kim
- Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J I Park
- VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - W S Lee
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Bertinshaw J, Gurung N, Jorba P, Liu H, Schmid M, Mantadakis DT, Daghofer M, Krautloher M, Jain A, Ryu GH, Fabelo O, Hansmann P, Khaliullin G, Pfleiderer C, Keimer B, Kim BJ. Unique Crystal Structure of Ca_{2}RuO_{4} in the Current Stabilized Semimetallic State. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:137204. [PMID: 31697510 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.137204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electric-current stabilized semimetallic state in the quasi-two-dimensional Mott insulator Ca_{2}RuO_{4} exhibits an exceptionally strong diamagnetism. Through a comprehensive study using neutron and x-ray diffraction, we show that this nonequilibrium phase assumes a crystal structure distinct from those of equilibrium metallic phases realized in the ruthenates by chemical doping, high pressure, and epitaxial strain, which in turn leads to a distinct electronic band structure. Dynamical mean field theory calculations based on the crystallographically refined atomic coordinates and realistic Coulomb repulsion parameters indicate a semimetallic state with partially gapped Fermi surface. Our neutron diffraction data show that the nonequilibrium behavior is homogeneous, with antiferromagnetic long-range order completely suppressed. These results provide a new basis for theoretical work on the origin of the unusual nonequilibrium diamagnetism in Ca_{2}RuO_{4}.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bertinshaw
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - N Gurung
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Jorba
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Schmid
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D T Mantadakis
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Daghofer
- Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Krautloher
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Jain
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - G H Ryu
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - O Fabelo
- Institut Laue Langevin, BP 156, F-38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - P Hansmann
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzerstr Straße 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - G Khaliullin
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Pfleiderer
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Keimer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B J Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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45
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Kim JT, Cho BH, Choi KH, Park MS, Kim BJ, Park JM, Kang K, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Cha JK, Kim DH, Nah HW, Park TH, Park SS, Lee KB, Lee J, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Park HK, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Ryu WS, Choi JC, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee JS, Lee J, Bae HJ, Saver JL, Cho KH. Association between time to treatment and functional outcomes according to the Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score in endovascular stroke therapy. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:343-351. [PMID: 31535427 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The rate at which the chance of a good outcome of endovascular stroke therapy (EVT) decays with time when eligible patients are selected by baseline diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) and whether ischaemic core size affects this rate remain to be investigated. METHODS This study analyses a prospective multicentre registry of stroke patients treated with EVT based on pretreatment DWI-MRI that was categorized into three groups: small [Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (DWI-ASPECTS)] (8-10), moderate (5-7) and large (<5) cores. The main outcome was a good outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale 0-2). The interaction between onset-to-groin puncture time (OTP) and DWI-ASPECTS categories regarding functional outcomes was investigated. RESULTS Ultimately, 985 patients (age 69 ± 11 years; male 55%) were analysed. Potential interaction effects between the DWI-ASPECTS categories and OTP on a good outcome at 90 days were observed (Pinteraction = 0.06). Every 60-min delay in OTP was associated with a 16% reduced likelihood of a good outcome at 90 days amongst patients with large cores, although no associations were observed amongst patients with small to moderate cores. Interestingly, the adjusted rates of a good outcome at 90 days steeply declined between 65 and 213 min of OTP and then remained smooth throughout 24 h of OTP (Pnonlinearity = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the probability of a good outcome after EVT nonlinearly decreased, with a steeper decline at earlier OTP than at later OTP. Discrepant effects of OTP on functional outcomes by baseline DWI-ASPECTS categories were observed. Thus, different strategies for EVT based on time and ischaemic core size are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-T Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - B-H Cho
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-H Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - M-S Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - J-M Park
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J G Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J-K Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - D-H Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - H-W Nah
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - T H Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-S Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - K-S Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Y-J Cho
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - H-K Park
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - B-C Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - K-H Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - M S Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - D-E Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - W-S Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - J C Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - J-H Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - W-J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - D-I Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - S I Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - J-H Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Neurology, Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-J Bae
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - J L Saver
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K-H Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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46
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Kim BJ, McDonagh MA, Deng L, Gastfriend BD, Schubert-Unkmeir A, Doran KS, Shusta EV. Streptococcus agalactiae disrupts P-glycoprotein function in brain endothelial cells. Fluids Barriers CNS 2019; 16:26. [PMID: 31434575 PMCID: PMC6704684 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-019-0146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a serious life threatening infection of the CNS. To cause meningitis, blood-borne bacteria need to interact with and penetrate brain endothelial cells (BECs) that comprise the blood-brain barrier. BECs help maintain brain homeostasis and they possess an array of efflux transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), that function to efflux potentially harmful compounds from the CNS back into the circulation. Oftentimes, efflux also serves to limit the brain uptake of therapeutic drugs, representing a major hurdle for CNS drug delivery. During meningitis, BEC barrier integrity is compromised; however, little is known about efflux transport perturbations during infection. Thus, understanding the impact of bacterial infection on P-gp function would be important for potential routes of therapeutic intervention. To this end, the meningeal bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus agalactiae, was found to inhibit P-gp activity in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived BECs, and live bacteria were required for the observed inhibition. This observation was correlated to decreased P-gp expression both in vitro and during infection in vivo using a mouse model of bacterial meningitis. Given the impact of bacterial interactions on P-gp function, it will be important to incorporate these findings into analyses of drug delivery paradigms for bacterial infections of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Joseph Schneider Strasse 2/E1, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maura A. McDonagh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Liwen Deng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Benjamin D. Gastfriend
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir
- Department of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Joseph Schneider Strasse 2/E1, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kelly S. Doran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Eric V. Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
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47
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Kim BJ, Shusta EV, Doran KS. Past and Current Perspectives in Modeling Bacteria and Blood-Brain Barrier Interactions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1336. [PMID: 31263460 PMCID: PMC6585309 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) barriers are highly specialized cellular barriers that promote brain homeostasis while restricting pathogen and toxin entry. The primary cellular constituent regulating pathogen entry in most of these brain barriers is the brain endothelial cell (BEC) that exhibits properties that allow for tight regulation of CNS entry. Bacterial meningoencephalitis is a serious infection of the CNS and occurs when bacteria can cross specialized brain barriers and cause inflammation. Models have been developed to understand the bacterial - BEC interaction that lead to pathogen crossing into the CNS, however, these have been met with challenges due to these highly specialized BEC phenotypes. This perspective provides a brief overview and outlook of the in vivo and in vitro models currently being used to study bacterial brain penetration, and opinion on improved models for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Kim
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kelly S Doran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Suzuki H, Gretarsson H, Ishikawa H, Ueda K, Yang Z, Liu H, Kim H, Kukusta D, Yaresko A, Minola M, Sears JA, Francoual S, Wille HC, Nuss J, Takagi H, Kim BJ, Khaliullin G, Yavaş H, Keimer B. Spin waves and spin-state transitions in a ruthenate high-temperature antiferromagnet. Nat Mater 2019; 18:563-567. [PMID: 30911120 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium compounds serve as a platform for fundamental concepts such as spin-triplet superconductivity1, Kitaev spin liquids2-5 and solid-state analogues of the Higgs mode in particle physics6,7. However, basic questions about the electronic structure of ruthenates remain unanswered, because several key parameters (including Hund's coupling, spin-orbit coupling and exchange interactions) are comparable in magnitude and their interplay is poorly understood, partly due to difficulties in synthesizing large single crystals for spectroscopic experiments. Here we introduce a resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS)8,9 technique capable of probing collective modes in microcrystals of 4d electron materials. We observe spin waves and spin-state transitions in the honeycomb antiferromagnet SrRu2O6 (ref. 10) and use the extracted exchange interactions and measured magnon gap to explain its high Néel temperature11-16. We expect that the RIXS method presented here will enable momentum-resolved spectroscopy of a large class of 4d transition-metal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suzuki
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - H Gretarsson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Ishikawa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut für Funktionelle Materie und Quantentechnologien, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K Ueda
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Z Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Kim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - D Kukusta
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Yaresko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Minola
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J A Sears
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Francoual
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H-C Wille
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Nuss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Takagi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut für Funktionelle Materie und Quantentechnologien, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B J Kim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - G Khaliullin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Yavaş
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - B Keimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany.
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49
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Martins Gomes SF, Westermann AJ, Sauerwein T, Hertlein T, Förstner KU, Ohlsen K, Metzger M, Shusta EV, Kim BJ, Appelt-Menzel A, Schubert-Unkmeir A. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Brain Endothelial Cells as a Cellular Model to Study Neisseria meningitidis Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1181. [PMID: 31191497 PMCID: PMC6548865 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningococcal meningitis is a severe central nervous system infection that occurs when Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) penetrates brain endothelial cells (BECs) of the meningeal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. As a human-specific pathogen, in vivo models are greatly limited and pose a significant challenge. In vitro cell models have been developed, however, most lack critical BEC phenotypes limiting their usefulness. Human BECs generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) retain BEC properties and offer the prospect of modeling the human-specific Nm interaction with BECs. Here, we exploit iPSC-BECs as a novel cellular model to study Nm host-pathogen interactions, and provide an overview of host responses to Nm infection. Using iPSC-BECs, we first confirmed that multiple Nm strains and mutants follow similar phenotypes to previously described models. The recruitment of the recently published pilus adhesin receptor CD147 underneath meningococcal microcolonies could be verified in iPSC-BECs. Nm was also observed to significantly increase the expression of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-specific chemokines IL6, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, and CCL20, and the secretion of IFN-γ and RANTES. For the first time, we directly observe that Nm disrupts the three tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5, which become frayed and/or discontinuous in BECs upon Nm challenge. In accordance with tight junction loss, a sharp loss in trans-endothelial electrical resistance, and an increase in sodium fluorescein permeability and in bacterial transmigration, was observed. Finally, we established RNA-Seq of sorted, infected iPSC-BECs, providing expression data of Nm-responsive host genes. Altogether, this model provides novel insights into Nm pathogenesis, including an impact of Nm on barrier properties and tight junction complexes, and suggests that the paracellular route may contribute to Nm traversal of BECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Martins Gomes
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander J Westermann
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Till Sauerwein
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,ZB MED, Information Centre for Life Sciences, Cologne, Germany.,TH Köln, University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Information Science and Communication Studies, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Hertlein
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad U Förstner
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,ZB MED, Information Centre for Life Sciences, Cologne, Germany.,TH Köln, University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Information Science and Communication Studies, Cologne, Germany
| | - Knut Ohlsen
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brandon J Kim
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Antje Appelt-Menzel
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Würzburg, Germany
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50
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Yoo M, Kim S, Kim BS, Yoo J, Lee S, Jang HC, Cho BL, Son SJ, Lee JH, Park YS, Roh E, Kim HJ, Lee SG, Kim BJ, Kim MJ, Won CW. Moderate hearing loss is related with social frailty in a community-dwelling older adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 83:126-130. [PMID: 31003135 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether hearing loss is associated with social frailty in older adults. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of cohort study data. Hearing was measured using of Pure-tone audiometry. Hearing loss was determined based on the average of hearing thresholds at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz in the ear that had better hearing. Social frailty was defined based on the summation of the following 5 social components (1. Neighborhood meeting attendance 2. Talking to friend(s) sometimes 3.Someone gives you love and affection 4. Living alone 5. Meeting someone every day). Participants who had no correspondence to the components were considered non-social frailty; those with 1-2 components were considered social prefrailty; and those having 3 or more components were considered social frailty. RESULTS The prevalence of non-social frailty, social prefrailty, social frailty was 27.6%, 60.7% and 11.7% respectively. Of the five questions, two components (Neighborhood meeting attendance and Presence of someone who shows love and affection to the participants) were associated with hearing loss (p < 0.001). Compared to non-social frailty, the odds ratio of social frailty for hearing loss was 2.24 (95% CI 1.48-3.38) after adjusting for age, residential area, economic status, smoking, depressive disorder and MMSE, and 2.17 (95% CI 1.43-3.30) after further adjustments with physical frailty. CONCLUSION Hearing loss was associated with social frailty even after controlling confounding factors even including physical frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, kyungheedaero 23, dongdaemun-gu, 02447, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, kyungheedaero 23, dongdaemun-gu, 02447, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B S Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, kyungheedaero 23, dongdaemun-gu, 02447, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, kyungheedaero 23, dongdaemun-gu, 02447, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, kyungheedaero 23, dongdaemun-gu, 02447, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H C Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - B L Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Catholic institute of U-healthcare, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - E Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - S G Lee
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Kim
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C W Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, kyungheedaero 23, dongdaemun-gu, 02447, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, kyungheedaero 23, dongdaemun-gu, 02447, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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