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Peiser C, Czernik C, Hüseman D, Grüber C, Riebel T, Obladen M. Dyspnoe beim reifen Neugeborenen verursacht durch eine angeborene Kehlkopfzyste. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1293365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Peiser C, Hüseman D, Lau S, Grüber C, Bassir C, Wirsing von König CH, Obladen M, Loui A. Keuchhusten bei einem Neugeborenen – eine lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1078920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Akanbi S, Gratopp A, Weber SC, Peiser C, Obladen M, Koehne P. Einfluss von COX-Inhibitoren auf die Expression von VEGF und dessen Rezeptoren an embryonalen Zellkulturen des Ductus arteriosus der Ratte. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1078807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Weber SC, Rheinländer C, Strauss E, Peiser C, Sarioglu N, Obladen M, Koehne P. Die Expression von VEGF und seinen Rezeptoren am humanen Ductus arteriosus Botalli. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-983267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Peiser C, Berns M, Ebert A, Degenhardt P, Hauptmann K, Mau H, Obladen M. Adiponecrosis subcutanea neonatorum mit Muskelnekrose: ein Fallbericht. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-983196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Peiser C, Walch E, Obladen M. Exemplarische Darstellung eines trotz schwerer Komplikationen in der Postnatalperiode guten Verlaufes bei einem Frühgeborenen im Alter von 1 Jahr. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-946093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Peiser C, Walch E, Obladen M. Exemplarische Darstellung eines trotz schwerer Komplikationen in der Postnatalperiode guten Verlaufes bei einem Frühgeborenen im Alter von 1 Jahr. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dinh QT, Cryer A, Dinh S, Peiser C, Wu S, Springer J, Hamelmann E, Klapp BF, Heppt W, Fischer A. Transcriptional up-regulation of histamine receptor-1 in epithelial, mucus and inflammatory cells in perennial allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 35:1443-8. [PMID: 16297140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine receptors play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal allergy. Activation of histamine receptor 1 (H1R) and 2 (H2R) can cause allergic symptoms which can be blocked effectively by antihistamines. H1R and H2R transcript levels have been found to be up-regulated in perennial - but not in seasonal - allergic rhinitis (AR). The present study aimed to explore H1R and H2R expression in complex tissues of the nasal mucosa of perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). METHODS Ten patients with PAR and 13 non-AR subjects were recruited for the study by medical history, physical examination and laboratory screening tests. In this study, we have analysed single cells dissected from the nasal mucosa biopsies by laser-assisted microdissection. H1R mRNA expression was analysed in different cell types such as epithelial, endothelial, mucus and inflammatory cells isolated from the nasal mucosa of PAR in comparison with non-AR subjects. RESULTS H1R mRNA gene expression level was significantly increased in the nasal mucosa of PAR in comparison with non-AR (P<0.0001). H1R mRNA was significantly elevated in epithelial (P<0.001) and mucus cells (P<0.05) of PAR in comparison with non-AR whereas H1R gene expression levels in endothelial cells between both groups were not changed (P=0.23). Interestingly, inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa of PAR patients were also strongly expressed H1R mRNA (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The present study indicates that PAR alters the expression of H1R mRNA in epithelial, mucus and inflammatory cells of the nasal mucosa and but not in endothelial cells. Therefore, epithelial, mucus and inflammatory cells may play an important role in histamine-mediated allergic airway inflammation in PAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q T Dinh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Peiser C, Hüseman D, Berns M, Bassir C, Obladen M. Frühgeborenes mit sehr großer solitärer Emphysemblase bei interstitiellem Lungenemphysem – Regredienz unter Hochfrequenzoszillationsventilation. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-871429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dinh QT, Groneberg DA, Witt C, Peiser C, Cifuentes LB, Frossard N, Klapp BF, Fischer A. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide tyrosine in mouse sympathetic airway-specific neurons under normal situation and allergic airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 34:1934-41. [PMID: 15663571 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional neurotransmitter catecholamine and the neuropeptide tyrosine in sympathetic airway nerves have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of airway diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of allergic airway inflammation on the expression of catecholamine enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) and tachykinins in mouse sympathetic airway ganglia. METHODS Using neuronal tracing in combination with immunohistochemistry, the present study was designed to characterize TH, NPY and tachykinin profiles of superior cervical (SCG) and stellate ganglia after allergen challenge. RESULTS The vast majority of fast blue-labelled SCG neurons (allergen: 97.5+/-1.22% (mean+/-SEM) vs. controls: 94.5+/-1.48%, P=0.18) and stellate neurons (allergen: 95.3+/-1.01% vs. controls: 93.6+/-1.33%, P=0.34) were immunoreactive for TH. Of the TH immunoreactive and fast blue-labelled SCG neurons, 52.0+/-1.01% allergen vs. 51.2+/-3.58% controls (P=0.83) and stellate neurons, 57.3%+/-0.97 allergen vs. 56.4+/-1.65% controls (P=0.64) were positive for TH only but not NPY, whereas 45.3+/-1.05% allergen vs. 43.3+/-1.18% controls (P=0.47) of fast blue-labelled SCG neurons and 37.9+/-0.86% allergen vs. 37.1+/-1.24% controls (P=0.62) of fast blue-labelled stellate neurons were immunoreactive for both TH and NPY immunoreactivities. There was a trend of an increase, but not significant one, in the percentage of TH-/NPY-immunoreactive and fast blue-labelled neurons in allergen-treated animals in comparison with the controls. Tachykinins, however, were not expressed by sympathetic neurons and were also not induced in sympathetic neurons after allergen challenge. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that allergic airway inflammation does not alter the expression of noradrenalin and NPY in sympathetic ganglia and also shows that sympathetic neurons do not respond to allergic airway inflammation with tachykinins induction. However, a participation of catecholamine and NPY in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation cannot be excluded in the present study as a higher neurotransmitter output per neuron following allergen challenge could be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q T Dinh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charite School of Medicine, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
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Lencer DA, Groneberg DA, Dinh QT, Schönfeld N, Fischer A, Peiser C. Transkriptionelle Zytokinrezeptor-Regulation bei Chronisch Obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD). Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dinh QT, Mingomataj E, Quarcoo D, Groneberg DA, Peiser C, Klapp BF, Braun A, Fischer A. Die Bedeutung von Pan-Neurotrophin Rezeptor p75 an der Substanz P-Induktion in vagal sensiblen Neurone der Atemswege der Maus. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dinh QT, Groneberg DA, Peiser C, Springer J, Joachim RA, Arck PC, Klapp BF, Fischer A. Nerve growth factor-induced substance P in capsaicin-insensitive vagal neurons innervating the lower mouse airway. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 34:1474-9. [PMID: 15347383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve growth factor (NGF) is elevated in allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma and can lead to an induction of substance P (SP) and related neuropeptides in guinea-pigs large-diameter, neurofilament-positive airway neurons. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the effect of NGF on tyrosine kinase receptor trkA and the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 expression in airway-specific vagal sensory neurons located in the jugular-nodose ganglia complex (JNC) of mice was investigated. METHODS Using retrograde neuronal tracing in combination with double-labelling immunohistochemistry, SP, trkA- and TRPV1-receptor expression was examined in airway-specific sensory neurons of BALB/c mice before and after NGF treatment. RESULTS NGF injected into the lower airway was able to induce SP (13.0+/-2.03% vs. 5.9+/-0.33%) and trkA expression (78+/-2.66% vs. 60+/-2.11%) in larger diameter (>25 microm), capsaicin-insensitive and trkA-positive vagal sensory neurons that were retrograde-labelled with Fast Blue dye from the main stem bronchi. CONCLUSION Based on the extent of SP and trkA co-expression in airway-specific neurons by NGF treatment, the present study suggests that, following a peripheral activation of trkA receptor on SP afferent by NGF which is elevated in allergic inflammation, there may be trkA-mediated SP induction to mediate neurogenic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q T Dinh
- Department of Medicine, Charité-Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
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Groneberg DA, Springer J, Scholz FR, Peiser C, Thai Dinh Q, Fischer A. SMAD-Signaltransduktionsmechanismen bei COPD: Verminderung der SMAD6 und -7 mRNA Expression durch Zigarettenrauch. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-862722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Heppt W, Dinh QT, Cryer A, Zweng M, Noga O, Peiser C, Melvan M, Witt C, Fischer A, Groneberg DA. Phenotypic alteration of neuropeptide-containing nerve fibres in seasonal intermittent allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:1105-10. [PMID: 15248857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common allergic disease affecting the respiratory tract. Next to inflammatory changes, the airway innervation plays an important modulatory role in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE To examine the participation of different neuropeptides in the human nasal mucosa of intermittent (seasonal) AR tissues in the allergic season. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) was related to the characterization of inflammatory cells in tissues of patients with seasonal AR (n=18). RESULTS While there was a significant increase in the number of eosinophils present if compared with a control group, no changes occurred in mast cell numbers. Immunostaining was abundantly found in different nerve fibre populations of both groups. SP expression was significantly increased in mucosal nerve fibres of patients with intermittent (seasonal) AR. Also, significantly increased numbers of VIP- and NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found in biopsies of rhinitis patients in comparison with sections of normal human nasal mucosa. In contrast, CGRP expression did not change significantly. CONCLUSION The increase of neuropeptide expression in mucosal nerve fibres indicates a major role of the autonomous mucosal innervation in the pathophysiology of intermittent (seasonal) AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Heppt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karlsruhe Teaching Hospital, University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Groneberg DA, Dinh QT, Peiser C, Carlstedt I, Witt C, Fischer A, Chung KF. Muzin-Genexpression beim fatalen Status asthmaticus. Pneumologie 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Peiser C, Lencer D, Schönfeld N, Dinh QT, Groneberg DA, Fischer A. Expression und Regulation von Zytokinrezeptoren in Bronchialbiopsien von Patienten mit COPD. Pneumologie 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Groneberg DA, Heppt W, Welker P, Peiser C, Dinh QT, Cryer A, Zweng M, Witt C, Fischer A. Aspirin-sensitive rhinitis-associated changes in upper airway innervation. Eur Respir J 2003; 22:986-91. [PMID: 14680090 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.03.00086002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin-sensitive rhinitis is the manifestation of aspirin intolerance in the upper respiratory tract. The disease represents a pseudoallergy against aspirin or related nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. As a major immunomodulatory role for airway innervation has been proposed in airway inflammatory diseases, the present study assessed changes in human nasal mucosa innervation in patients with aspirin-sensitive rhinitis in comparison to a control group. Immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5, tachykinins, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide tyrosine was performed on cryostats sections of nasal mucosa and neuropeptide containing nerves were examined independently using a score grading. In comparison to the control, the aspirin-sensitive rhinitis group had a significant increase of VIP-like immunoreactivity in mucosal nerve fibres. In contrast to constant numbers of mast cells, highly significant increases in the numbers of eosinophils were found in the group of aspirin-sensitive rhinitis patients. In summary, the present quantification of neuropeptide-immunoreactivity of mucosal nerves demonstrated differences in the human nasal mucosa innervation between nonrhinitic and aspirin-sensitive rhinitic individuals. These differences may reflect a pathophysiological role of upper airway innervation in pseudoallergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Groneberg
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Karlsruhe Teaching Hospital, University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Bantz PM, Peiser C, Groneberg DA. Peripheral neurological symptoms after hepatitis B virus vaccination. QJM 2003; 96:611. [PMID: 12897348 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcg106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mingomataj E, Ohri D, Dhimitri V, Priftanji A, Qirko E, Pani L, Fischer TC, Dinh QT, Peiser C, Fischer A, Groneberg DA. Hymenoptera sting anaphylactic reactions in the Mediterranean population of Albania. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2003; 13:272-7. [PMID: 14989117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively few studies have examined the relation of different hymenoptera sting reactions. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation of anaphylactic reactions against stings of different hymenoptera subspecies in the Mediterranean population of Albania. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using the clinic files of 111 patients who were diagnosed for hymenoptera sting reactions from 1987 to 1996. Antigens used consisted of purified hymenoptera venom (bee, wasp, and paperwasp). The patients were diagnosed by intracutaneous tests in concentrations of 0.001 microgram/ml, 0.01 microgram/ml, 0.1 microgram/ml, and 1 microgram/ml. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 27 years. 57% of stings occurred between 20 to 40 years of age. The majority of anaphylactic reactions were recorded during the months of June to October, 81% of the patients were admitted to the hospital due to Mueller grade II to III reactions. In 26% of all cases, crossreactions (bee-wasp 16%, bee-wasp-paperwasp 7%, wasp-paperwasp 2%, bee-paperwasp 1%) were found. Of all anaphylactic reactions, 64% were attributed to bees, 24% to wasps, 8% to both bees and wasps, and 2% to paperwasps. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to industrialized countries such as the United States or Western Europe where urban populations predominate, reactions to bee venom were more prevalent in the present study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mingomataj
- Dept. of Allergology, Mother Theresa School of Medicine, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
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Groneberg DA, Peiser C, Dinh QT, Springer J, Fischer A. Abundant expression of c-Jun in guinea pig sympathetic ganglia under basal conditions and allergen challenge. Lung 2002; 180:221-8. [PMID: 12391512 DOI: 10.1007/s004080000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness, a keystone of allergic asthma, is mediated by the extrinsic airway innervation. As pathophysiological stimuli can induce the expression JUN proteins, which belong to the immediate early gene (IEG) family of transcription factors, the expression of c-Jun was examined under basal conditions and allergen challenge in guinea pig paravertebral and prevertebral sympathetic ganglia by quantitative double-labeling immunohistochemistry. C-Jun immunoreactivity was seen in 78.4 +/- 3.5% under normal and 82.6 +/- 4.6% under allergen-challenged conditions of protein-gene product (PGP) 9.5-positive sympathetic neurons of guinea pig superior cervical ganglia and 73.1 +/- 2.8% (normal) and 76.1 +/- 3.5% (allergen) of stellate ganglion neurons. In the coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion, 59.5 +/- 5.0% (normal) and 57.5 +/- 4.4% (allergen) of the PGP 9.5-positive sympathetic neurons were labeled for c-Jun. The high basal levels of c-Jun expression indicate that the presence of c-Jun is not exclusively related to noxious stimulation such as allergic airway inflammation in the guinea pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Groneberg
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Medical School, Humboldt University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Osburg B, Peiser C, Dömling D, Schomburg L, Ko YT, Voigt K, Bickel U. Effect of endotoxin on expression of TNF receptors and transport of TNF-alpha at the blood-brain barrier of the rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 283:E899-908. [PMID: 12376316 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00436.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transport mechanism mediating brain uptake of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been studied. When (125)I-labeled rat TNF-alpha was used in internal carotid artery perfusions in rats, the cytokine showed transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier in intact form (permeability-surface area product 0.34 +/- 0.13 microl. min(-1). g(-1)). Uptake was inhibited by low nanomolar concentrations of unlabeled rat TNF-alpha. Human TNF-alpha, which does not interact with the p80 TNF receptor in rodents, showed no brain uptake. mRNA expression of both p60 and p80 receptors could be demonstrated in native brain microvessel preparations. These transcripts increased to 149% (p60) and 127% (p80) of control 4 h after a systemic immune stimulation (2 mg/kg bacterial endotoxin ip). Lipopolysaccharide treatment did not alter the rate of brain uptake of TNF-alpha measured between 4 and 24 h later. In conclusion, a receptor-mediated mechanism is responsible for the transcytosis of TNF-alpha. Saturable transport, requiring the p80 receptor, occurs at concentrations encountered under pathophysiological conditions and therefore constitutes a relevant mechanism of communication between the immune system and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Osburg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, USA
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Groneberg DA, Peiser C. Flatbed scanners as modern tools of digital reproduction in pathology. Histopathology 2002; 41:171-2. [PMID: 12147097 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01424_2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zenclussen AC, Joachim R, Hagen E, Peiser C, Klapp BF, Arck PC. Heme oxygenase is downregulated in stress-triggered and interleukin-12-mediated murine abortion. Scand J Immunol 2002; 55:560-9. [PMID: 12028558 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) are responsible for heme degradation. Besides their enzymatic activities, HOs are involved in tissue protection. Failing upregulation of HOs has been linked to increased necrosis in inflammatory tissues. Interestingly, previously published data indicated that mice exposed to sonic stress during early gestation show an augmented production of decidual inflammatory T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines, thus resulting in increased abortion rate. No data linked the Th1-inducer interleukin (IL)-12 with the event of abortion. As little is known about the role of HO in pregnancy maintenance, we evaluated the expression of decidual and placental HO-1 and HO-2 in the abortion-prone murine mating combination CBA/J x DBA/2 J with (1) CBA/J female control mice, (2) CBA/J mice exposed to stress during early gestation and (3) CBA/J females injected with recombinant IL-12. Decidual and placental HOs protein expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry and mRNA levels by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As expected, an increased abortion rate was present in mice exposed to stress compared with the control. IL-12 injections also boosted the abortion rate compared with control mice, mimicking the effect of stress. HOs' proteins could be detected in placenta and decidua. Real time PCR revealed lower levels of HO-1 and HO-2 mRNA in stress-triggered and IL-12-injected mice. We conclude that increased Th1-cytokine levels during murine pregnancy may result in low expression of HO-1 and HO-2, thus leading to placental necrosis and foetal rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Zenclussen
- Charité, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
C-Jun and c-Fos belong to the family of immediate early genes. Apart from their role as transcription factors, a basal expression was shown for them in central nervous system tissues. The expression of c-Jun and c-Fos in sensory ganglia of guinea pig, rat and murine sensory ganglia was examined under normal, unstimulated conditions by quantitative double-immunohistochemistry. 4.6 +/- 2.8% of neuron-specific protein gene-product 9.5 -positive cells in nodose ganglia, 51.6 +/- 2.1% in jugular ganglia, 46.4 +/- 3.0% in trigeminal ganglia and 42.5 +/- 1.3% of cervical dorsal root ganglia neurons were positive for c-Jun in the guinea pig (less than 1% for c-Fos). In rat and mouse, less than 1% of the sensory neurons exhibited c-Jun and c-Fos-immunoreactivity. The high basal expression of c-Jun in guinea pig sensory neurons suggests that in this species the presence of c-Jun does not only depend on specific stimulation and is not exclusively associated with neuronal plasticity of gene expression and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Groneberg
- Division of Allergy Research, Biomedical Research Center, Charité Medical School, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
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Fischer TC, Hartmann P, Löser C, Springer J, Peiser C, Dinh QT, Fischer A, Groneberg DA. Abundant expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor VPAC2 mRNA in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117:754-6. [PMID: 11564190 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that obese individuals have a higher set point for body weight regulation relative to lean subjects. Since obese rodents and humans have high serum levels of leptin, it has been hypothesized that this may be the result of an insensitivity to this weight reducing hormone. In this experiment we assessed whether feeding of a high-fat diet to rats affects leptin receptor (OB-R) transcript levels or induces up-regulation of the suppressors of leptin/cytokine induced signaling, SOCS-3 and PIAS-3. We found that despite a significant weight gain associated with markedly increased circulating leptin levels neither OB-R gene expression nor SOCS-3 or PIAS-3 mRNA levels were significantly altered in the high-fat fed rats. This was in contrast to control experiments where administration of exogenous leptin induced a several-fold increase in SOCS-3. It is concluded that high-caloric food intake per se is not sufficient to provoke suppression of leptin signaling via these factors in animals without genetic predisposition to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peiser
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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28
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Abstract
The opioid-like heptadecapeptide nociceptin (NC) has the following effects in the airways (investigated in isolated tracheae and bronchi from guinea pig or rat): the electric field stimulation (EFS)-induces release of acetylcholine (ACh), the tachykinin substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is reduced after pretreatment with NC, and EFS-induced tachykinergic nonadrenergic-noncholinergic (NANC) bronchoconstriction is inhibited by NC. Both the NC-mediated inhibition of neurotransmission and of smooth muscle contraction occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. Because these effects were naloxone-insensitive, were blocked by the NC receptor antagonist [F/G]NC(1-13)NH(2), and could be mimicked by the NC analogs, NCNH(2) and NC(1-13)NH(2), it is thought that they are distinct from the classic opioid receptors. That these pharmacological actions of NC are of relevance for airway physiology is highly probable given the presence of NC-immunoreactivity in the nerve fibers of the airways and of opioid-like receptor (ORL-1) transcripts in the jugular ganglia, from where the tachykinin-containing afferents arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peiser
- Humboldt University, Charité, Virchow Clinic, Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte derived hormone with profound behavioural and metabolic effects exerted by both central and peripheral sites of action. One of its targets in the central nervous system appears to be the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus where leptin receptor (OB-R) expression is particularly high. The most abundant receptor subtype at this site is OB-Ra which is truncated at its intracellular part and has been suggested to serve functions such as leptin transport or clearance. The choroid plexus may thus be a site where receptor mediated exchange of leptin between cerebrospinal fluid and blood takes place. The study here shows that porcine plexus epithelia preserve their ability of OB-R expression when grown in culture. In addition, our experiments suggest that leptin is rapidly internalized upon binding to these cells supporting the view of an OB-R mediated transport of leptin across the choroid plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peiser
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Philipps-University, Deutschhausstrassee 1-2, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
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30
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Abstract
The hormone leptin is expressed and secreted by the adipose tissue and impacts on the central nervous system. Leptin is involved in the regulation of energy balance, satiety, and body composition. The lack of active leptin results in obesity, high food intake, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. We present data supporting effects of leptin on the endocrine pancreas. We found the leptin receptor to be expressed in insulin- and glucagon-secretin cells derived from mouse, hamster, and rat pancreas. In the isolated perfused rat pancreas leptin is a potent inhibitor of basal and glucose-induced insulin secretion, especially during the first phase of the insulin response. At isolated mouse islets and insulin-secreting INS-1 cells leptin reduced promptly and persistently the intracellular Ca2+ levels. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillation amplitude was decreased and the oscillation frequency increased. These findings suggest functional active receptors for leptin on insulin-secreting B-cells. Therefore, leptin is a metabolic hormone and not only a signal to the brain indicating filled fat stores. Our data suggest that leptin is also a signal back to the endocrine pancreas that no more insulin is required to replenish fat stores. Thus, an "adipo-insular axis" operating with two arms exists: insulin and glucagon are signals to the adipocyte. This releases leptin, which could be the mediator of the respective feedback to the pancreas. A defective leptin suppression of insulin secretion could contribute to hyperinsulinemia and disturbances of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Fehmann
- Department of Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Germany
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31
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize ouabain-like immunoreactivity in human urine. METHODS Sensitive radioimmunoassay for ouabain characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Serial dilution of urinary immunoreactive ouabain paralleled the standard curve, but not so plasma immunoreactive ouabain. Intravenous administration of 86 nmol (62.5 micrograms) ouabain caused a rapid rise in ouabain immunoreactivity in plasma of healthy volunteers with a maximum of 1.7 nmol/l 8 min after injection and returned to basal levels after 6 h. Ouabain immunoreactivity rose to 36 nmol/l in urine, suggesting that exogenously administered ouabain can be measured reliably in plasma and urine. Analytical reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (isopropanol-propanol biphasic gradient; linear acetonitrile gradient) of sample extracts before assay demonstrated measurable amounts of ouabain-related material only in native urine, but not in plasma. When plasma and urine were spiked with ouabain standard or normal volunteers were injected with ouabain, the assay reliably measured ouabain. CONCLUSION A substance closely related to ouabain can be detected in urine, but circulates, if at all, in small amounts in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Giessen, Germany
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32
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McGregor GP, Desaga JF, Ehlenz K, Fischer A, Heese F, Hegele A, Lammer C, Peiser C, Lang RE. Radiommunological measurement of leptin in plasma of obese and diabetic human subjects. Endocrinology 1996; 137:1501-4. [PMID: 8625930 DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.4.8625930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Studies in mice have identified the ob gene product, leptin, as a signaling factor regulating body weight homeostasis and energy balance. Defective production of the encoded protein may be one of the causes for the development of obesity. Using a high affinity antibody, that in immunohistochemical studies specifically stained human adipocytes, a radioimmunoassay was established and leptin immunoreactivity was quantified in plasma of lean and obese human subjects. Chromatographic analysis suggested that the immunoreactive material in plasma is identical to that found in extracts from human fat and represent a protein with a molecular size of approximately 16 kD. Fasting levels were measured in plasma of 75 lean and obese human subjects (body mass index (BMI) 17.7 - 87.3). The mean concentration of leptin in plasma of lean subjects (BMI < or = 28) was 69.3 +/- 36.9 fmol/ml plasma (mean +/- SD, n=27). The highest concentration measured in obese was 533.3 fmol/ml plasma. The levels showed a strong positive correlation with BMI (r=0.77, p<0.001). A subgroup of diabetic patients did not significantly differ in their leptin plasma levels from non-diabetic subjects with similar BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P McGregor
- Department of Physiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Lindenfels, Germany
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Peiser C, Riebe-Imre M, Emura M, Mohr U. Influence of culture passages on growth kinetics, xenobiotic metabolism, chromosomal stability and transformation in a clonal fetal hamster lung epithelial cell line. Mutat Res 1993; 289:281-90. [PMID: 7690897 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(93)90079-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
M3E3/C3 is a clonal fetal hamster lung epithelial cell line which is used for studies of epithelial differentiation as well as for in vitro toxicologic tests. In this study growth kinetics, xenobiotic metabolism, chromosomal stability and transformation were investigated at increasing culture passage numbers up to 150. Cells of higher passages grew faster and reached higher cell densities than the cells of lower ones. As an indicator of xenobiotic metabolism we measured the activity of 7-ethoxycoumarin-deethylase (ECD), an enzyme belonging to the mixed function oxidase system. Up to passage number 100 the ECD activity strongly increased, followed by a slight decrease in additional passages. The chromosomal stability was assessed by the induction of micronuclei by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). More micronuclei were always detected in cells of higher passages than of lower passages. The capability of cells to be transformed to anchorage independent growth by chemical carcinogens was examined using a soft agar test. After carcinogen exposure with BaP and MNNG, cells of higher passages showed higher transformation frequencies than cells of lower passages. Many cells at passage 150 exhibited an especially high soft agar growth even without carcinogen treatment and were therefore characterized as spontaneously transformed. These results show that metabolic and genetic characteristics of permanently growing cells differ remarkably depending on the culture passage. This has always to be considered when permanently growing cells are used for toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peiser
- Institut für Experimentelle Pathologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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