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Snodgrass C, A'Hearn MF, Aceituno F, Afanasiev V, Bagnulo S, Bauer J, Bergond G, Besse S, Biver N, Bodewits D, Boehnhardt H, Bonev BP, Borisov G, Carry B, Casanova V, Cochran A, Conn BC, Davidsson B, Davies JK, de León J, de Mooij E, de Val-Borro M, Delacruz M, DiSanti MA, Drew JE, Duffard R, Edberg NJT, Faggi S, Feaga L, Fitzsimmons A, Fujiwara H, Gibb EL, Gillon M, Green SF, Guijarro A, Guilbert-Lepoutre A, Gutiérrez PJ, Hadamcik E, Hainaut O, Haque S, Hedrosa R, Hines D, Hopp U, Hoyo F, Hutsemékers D, Hyland M, Ivanova O, Jehin E, Jones GH, Keane JV, Kelley MSP, Kiselev N, Kleyna J, Kluge M, Knight MM, Kokotanekova R, Koschny D, Kramer EA, López-Moreno JJ, Lacerda P, Lara LM, Lasue J, Lehto HJ, Levasseur-Regourd AC, Licandro J, Lin ZY, Lister T, Lowry SC, Mainzer A, Manfroid J, Marchant J, McKay AJ, McNeill A, Meech KJ, Micheli M, Mohammed I, Monguió M, Moreno F, Muñoz O, Mumma MJ, Nikolov P, Opitom C, Ortiz JL, Paganini L, Pajuelo M, Pozuelos FJ, Protopapa S, Pursimo T, Rajkumar B, Ramanjooloo Y, Ramos E, Ries C, Riffeser A, Rosenbush V, Rousselot P, Ryan EL, Santos-Sanz P, Schleicher DG, Schmidt M, Schulz R, Sen AK, Somero A, Sota A, Stinson A, Sunshine JM, Thompson A, Tozzi GP, Tubiana C, Villanueva GL, Wang X, Wooden DH, Yagi M, Yang B, Zaprudin B, Zegmott TJ. The 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko observation campaign in support of the Rosetta mission. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 375:rsta.2016.0249. [PMID: 28554971 PMCID: PMC5454223 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a summary of the campaign of remote observations that supported the European Space Agency's Rosetta mission. Telescopes across the globe (and in space) followed comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from before Rosetta's arrival until nearly the end of the mission in September 2016. These provided essential data for mission planning, large-scale context information for the coma and tails beyond the spacecraft and a way to directly compare 67P with other comets. The observations revealed 67P to be a relatively 'well-behaved' comet, typical of Jupiter family comets and with activity patterns that repeat from orbit to orbit. Comparison between this large collection of telescopic observations and the in situ results from Rosetta will allow us to better understand comet coma chemistry and structure. This work is just beginning as the mission ends-in this paper, we present a summary of the ground-based observations and early results, and point to many questions that will be addressed in future studies.This article is part of the themed issue 'Cometary science after Rosetta'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Snodgrass
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - M F A'Hearn
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA
| | - F Aceituno
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - V Afanasiev
- Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Arkhyz, Russia
| | - S Bagnulo
- Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, UK
| | - J Bauer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, M/S 183-401, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - G Bergond
- Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán, Calar Alto, CSIC-MPG, Sierra de los Filabres-04550 Gérgal (Almería), Spain
| | - S Besse
- ESA/ESAC, PO Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - N Biver
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Paris-Diderot, 5 Place J. Janssen, 92195 Meudon Pricipal Cedex, France
| | - D Bodewits
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA
| | - H Boehnhardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - B P Bonev
- Department of Physics, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - G Borisov
- Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, UK
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussée Boulevard, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - B Carry
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Lagrange, France
- IMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Lille, France
| | - V Casanova
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - A Cochran
- University of Texas Austin/McDonald Observatory, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - B C Conn
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Gemini Observatory, Recinto AURA, Colina El Pino s/n, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - B Davidsson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, M/S 183-401, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J K Davies
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - J de León
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), C/Vía Láctea s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E de Mooij
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - M de Val-Borro
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrochemistry Laboratory, Code 693.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - M Delacruz
- Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - M A DiSanti
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrochemistry Laboratory, Code 693.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - J E Drew
- School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - R Duffard
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - N J T Edberg
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Faggi
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50 125 Firenze, Italy
| | - L Feaga
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA
| | - A Fitzsimmons
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - H Fujiwara
- Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - E L Gibb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - M Gillon
- Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, allée du 6 Août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - S F Green
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - A Guijarro
- Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán, Calar Alto, CSIC-MPG, Sierra de los Filabres-04550 Gérgal (Almería), Spain
| | - A Guilbert-Lepoutre
- Institut UTINAM, UMR 6213 CNRS-Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - P J Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - E Hadamcik
- CNRS/INSU; UPMC (Sorbonne Univ.); UVSQ (UPSay); LATMOS-IPSL, 11 Bld d'Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France
| | - O Hainaut
- European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - S Haque
- Department of Physics, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies
| | - R Hedrosa
- Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán, Calar Alto, CSIC-MPG, Sierra de los Filabres-04550 Gérgal (Almería), Spain
| | - D Hines
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - U Hopp
- University Observatory, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Scheiner Strasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - F Hoyo
- Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán, Calar Alto, CSIC-MPG, Sierra de los Filabres-04550 Gérgal (Almería), Spain
| | - D Hutsemékers
- Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, allée du 6 Août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Hyland
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - O Ivanova
- Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 05960 Tatranská Lomnica, Slovak Republic
| | - E Jehin
- Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, allée du 6 Août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - G H Jones
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, UK
- The Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - J V Keane
- Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - M S P Kelley
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA
| | - N Kiselev
- Main Astronomical Observatory of National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, UKraine
| | - J Kleyna
- Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - M Kluge
- University Observatory, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Scheiner Strasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - M M Knight
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA
| | - R Kokotanekova
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Koschny
- Research and Scientific Support Department, European Space Agency, 2201 Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - E A Kramer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, M/S 183-401, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J J López-Moreno
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - P Lacerda
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - L M Lara
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - J Lasue
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - H J Lehto
- Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, 21500 Piikkiö, Finland
| | - A C Levasseur-Regourd
- UPMC (Sorbonne Univ.); UVSQ (UPSay); CNRS/INSU; LATMOS-IPSL, BC 102, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Licandro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), C/Vía Láctea s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Z Y Lin
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, No. 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, 320 Taiwan
| | - T Lister
- Las Cumbres Observatory, 6740 Cortona Drive, Ste. 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA
| | - S C Lowry
- Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK
| | - A Mainzer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, M/S 183-401, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J Manfroid
- Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, allée du 6 Août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - J Marchant
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - A J McKay
- University of Texas Austin/McDonald Observatory, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrochemistry Laboratory, Code 693.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - A McNeill
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - K J Meech
- Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - M Micheli
- ESA SSA-NEO Coordination Centre, Frascati (RM), Italy
| | - I Mohammed
- Caribbean Institute of Astronomy, Trinidad, West Indies
| | - M Monguió
- School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - F Moreno
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - O Muñoz
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - M J Mumma
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrochemistry Laboratory, Code 693.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - P Nikolov
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussée Boulevard, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C Opitom
- Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, allée du 6 Août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - J L Ortiz
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - L Paganini
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrochemistry Laboratory, Code 693.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - M Pajuelo
- IMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Lille, France
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Perú
| | - F J Pozuelos
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, allée du 6 Août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - S Protopapa
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA
| | - T Pursimo
- Nordic Optical Telescope, Apartado 474, 38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - B Rajkumar
- Department of Physics, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies
| | - Y Ramanjooloo
- Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - E Ramos
- Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán, Calar Alto, CSIC-MPG, Sierra de los Filabres-04550 Gérgal (Almería), Spain
| | - C Ries
- University Observatory, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Scheiner Strasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - A Riffeser
- University Observatory, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Scheiner Strasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - V Rosenbush
- Main Astronomical Observatory of National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, UKraine
| | - P Rousselot
- University of Franche-Comté, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers THETA, Institut UTINAM - UMR CNRS 6213, BP 1615, 25010 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - E L Ryan
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - P Santos-Sanz
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - D G Schleicher
- Lowell Observatory, 1400 W. Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - M Schmidt
- University Observatory, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Scheiner Strasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - R Schulz
- Scientific Support Office, European Space Agency, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - A K Sen
- Department of Physics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - A Somero
- Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, 21500 Piikkiö, Finland
| | - A Sota
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - A Stinson
- Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, UK
| | - J M Sunshine
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA
| | - A Thompson
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - G P Tozzi
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50 125 Firenze, Italy
| | - C Tubiana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - G L Villanueva
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrochemistry Laboratory, Code 693.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - X Wang
- Yunnan Observatories, CAS, China, PO Box 110, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, CAS, Kunming 650011, People's Republic of China
| | - D H Wooden
- NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
| | - M Yagi
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - B Yang
- European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Zaprudin
- Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, 21500 Piikkiö, Finland
| | - T J Zegmott
- Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK
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El-Maarry MR, Groussin O, Thomas N, Pajola M, Auger AT, Davidsson B, Hu X, Hviid SF, Knollenberg J, Güttler C, Tubiana C, Fornasier S, Feller C, Hasselmann P, Vincent JB, Sierks H, Barbieri C, Lamy P, Rodrigo R, Koschny D, Keller HU, Rickman H, A’Hearn MF, Barucci MA, Bertaux JL, Bertini I, Besse S, Bodewits D, Cremonese G, Da Deppo V, Debei S, De Cecco M, Deller J, Deshapriya JDP, Fulle M, Gutierrez PJ, Hofmann M, Ip WH, Jorda L, Kovacs G, Kramm JR, Kührt E, Küppers M, Lara LM, Lazzarin M, Lin ZY, Lopez Moreno JJ, Marchi S, Marzari F, Mottola S, Naletto G, Oklay N, Pommerol A, Preusker F, Scholten F, Shi X. Surface changes on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko suggest a more active past. Science 2017; 355:1392-1395. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aak9384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ramy El-Maarry
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - O. Groussin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
| | - N. Thomas
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Pajola
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - A.-T. Auger
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
| | - B. Davidsson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - X. Hu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - S. F. Hviid
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Knollenberg
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Güttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C. Tubiana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - S. Fornasier
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Meudon Principal Cedex 92195, France
| | - C. Feller
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Meudon Principal Cedex 92195, France
| | - P. Hasselmann
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Meudon Principal Cedex 92195, France
| | - J.-B. Vincent
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Sierks
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C. Barbieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - P. Lamy
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR 7326 CNRS & Université Aix-Marseille, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - R. Rodrigo
- Centro de Astrobiología, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
- International Space Science Institute, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - D. Koschny
- Operations Department, European Space Astronomy Centre/ESA, P.O. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - H. U. Keller
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H. Rickman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Space Research Center, 00716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. F. A’Hearn
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - M. A. Barucci
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Meudon Principal Cedex 92195, France
| | - J.-L. Bertaux
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), CNRS–Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines–Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 78280 Guyancourt, France
| | - I. Bertini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - S. Besse
- Operations Department, European Space Astronomy Centre/ESA, P.O. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Bodewits
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - G. Cremonese
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - V. Da Deppo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche–Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Unità Organizzativa di Supporto, Padova Luxor, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S. Debei
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - J. Deller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - J. D. P. Deshapriya
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Meudon Principal Cedex 92195, France
| | - M. Fulle
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - P. J. Gutierrez
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), c/ Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - M. Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - W.-H. Ip
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan
| | - L. Jorda
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
| | - G. Kovacs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - J.-R. Kramm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - E. Kührt
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Küppers
- Operations Department, European Space Astronomy Centre/ESA, P.O. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - L. M. Lara
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), c/ Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - M. Lazzarin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Z.-Yi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan
| | - J. J. Lopez Moreno
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), c/ Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - S. Marchi
- Solar System Exploration Research, Virtual Institute, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - F. Marzari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - S. Mottola
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Naletto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche–Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Unità Organizzativa di Supporto, Padova Luxor, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Centro di Ateneo di Studi ed Attivitá Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo” (CISAS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - N. Oklay
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Pommerol
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - F. Preusker
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Scholten
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - X. Shi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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