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Akcay G, Bahadir A, Tatar Y, Nuri Atalar M, Babur C, Taylan Ozkan A. Investigation of the effects of Toxoplasma gondii on behavioral and molecular mechanism in bradyzoite stage. Brain Res 2024; 1828:148762. [PMID: 38228258 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled parasite that causes a disease called toxoplasmosis. It can reach the central nervous system, but the mechanism of T. gondii disrupting the functioning of these brain regions occurs in bradyzoite stage of parasite, causing brain damage by forming tissue cysts in brain. In our study, the effects of T. gondii on locomotor activity, anxiety, learning and memory, and norepinephrine (NE), levodopa (L-DOPA), dopamine (DA) and 3,4-D-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) catecholamines in amygdala, striatum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain were investigated in bradyzoite stage. Twenty male Albino mice Mus musculus, 4-5 weeks old, weighing 20-25 g, were used. T. gondii inoculated to mice intraperitonealy with 48-50-hour passages of T. gondii RH Ankara strain. For intraperitoneal inoculation of mice 5x104 tachyzoites per mouse. No inoculation was made in control group (n: 20). Locomotor activity behavior in open field test (OFT), anxious behavior in elevated plus maze (EPM), and learning behavior in novel object recognition (NOR) tests were evaluated. NE, L-DOPA, DA and DOPAC were measured by HPLC in brain tissues of amygdala, striatum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. A decrease was observed in the locomotor activity, anxiety and learning values of the T. gondii group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The heighten in NE and L-DOPA levels in amygdala tissue of T. gondii group compared to control group, an elevation in NE, L-DOPA, DA and DOPAC levels in striatum tissue, and an increase in levels of NE in prefrontal cortex tissue were detected in monoamine results. In hippocampus tissue, an increase was observed in DA levels, while a decrease was observed in NE, L-DOPA and DOPAC levels. In our study, it has been shown that T. gondii in bradyzoite stage reduces locomotor activity, causes learning and memory impairment, and has anxiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guven Akcay
- Hitit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Çorum, Turkey.
| | - Anzel Bahadir
- Duzce University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Yakup Tatar
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Atalar
- Igdir University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Cahit Babur
- National Parasitology Reference Laboratory, General Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Taylan Ozkan
- TOBB ETU University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Yarsan E, Yilmaz F, Sevin S, Akdeniz G, Celebi B, Ozturk SH, Ayikol SN, Karatas U, Ese H, Fidan N, Agacdiken B, Babur C, Buldag M, Pehlivan S. Investigation of resistance against to flumethrin using against Varroa destructor in Türkiye. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10351-x. [PMID: 38509424 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The honeybee ectoparasite Varroa destructor is a major threat to apiculture when evaluating bee diseases and pests. While attempting to control this mite, beekeepers often depend on a small selection of authorized synthetic acaricides, such as flumethrin, which is widely used in Türkiye and globally. However, resistance to flumethrin develops due to incorrect and excessive use. In this study conducted at Ordu Beekeeping Research Institute, trial group were established including an untreated control group and group where flumethrin-based pesticides were applied. Dead varroas collected from pollen traps and live varroas collected from bees were obtained from these trial groups for molecular analysis as positive-negative controls. Varroa samples were collected from provinces representing different regions with intensive beekeeping activities such as Adana, Ankara, Bingöl, Muğla, Ordu, Şanlıurfa, Tekirdağ. Molecular methods were employed to investigate the resistance gene region for pyrethroids (specifically flumethrin) against V. destructor. In our study, individual DNA extractions were performed on dead parasites from colonies subjected to pyrethroid application (resistance negative control) and live parasites (resistance positive control). The DNA samples obtained were used in PCR reactions targeting the region encoding the 925th amino acid of the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene, which is responsible for resistance formation. The DNA samples were subjected to gel electrophoresis to observe the amplification products of the expected target region. To examine the nucleotide sequence changes that encode leucine at the 925th amino acid, which is associated with resistance, DNA sequence analysis was applied to the amplification products. Out of 332 V. destructor parasites obtained from different provinces, 279 were analysed using molecular methods. It was observed that 31% of the samples showed sensitivity to flumethrin while 69% exhibited resistance to it. Among the resistant samples: 27% had homozygous isoleucine mutation; 28% had homozygous valine mutation; 2.8% had heterozygous isoleucine mutation; 8.5% had heterozygous valine mutation; and 2.8% had heterozygous methionine mutation, all of which were associated with flumethrin resistance. As a result, the rate of flumethrin resistance in parasites varied between 51% and 94% among different provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ender Yarsan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06100, Türkiye
| | | | - Sedat Sevin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06100, Türkiye.
| | - Gökhan Akdeniz
- Apiculture Research Center, Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Bekir Celebi
- Microbiology Reference Laboratory Department, General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Sultan Nurhan Ayikol
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06100, Türkiye
| | | | - Hasan Ese
- Apiculture Research Institute, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Nuri Fidan
- Food Control Laboratory Directorate, Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Bayram Agacdiken
- Ordu-Kabadüz District Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Cahit Babur
- Microbiology Reference Laboratory Department, General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Sinem Pehlivan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Cakir-Koc R, Budama-Kilinc Y, Ustun E, Babur C. Conjugation and Characterization of Latex Particles with Toxoplasma gondii-specific Immunoglobulin Y Antibodies for Diagnostic Aim and Evaluation Efficiency in In Vitro Culture. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 92:103145. [PMID: 32797775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that causes severe health problems in the world. Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by T. gondii, leads to high risk of mortality in patients with immunodeficiency, transplantation, and cancer. Besides that, it causes miscarriages in pregnancy, various abnormalities such as hydrocephalus in infants and congenital diseases. Because the clinical indication of the disease is not specific, it is confused with many diseases, and this leads to the necessity of directly detecting the presence of the toxoplasmosis. Therefore, various diagnostic assays are needed for the diagnosis of the disease. Amongs them, latex agglutination assay is widely used for the detection of specific antibodies or antigens in samples. Latex particles are coated with immunogenic molecules (antigens) to detect antibodies in the blood or used to identify antigens when coated with specific antibodies. In both, aggregation of latex particles results in agglutination. Monoclonal antibodies are often used in latex agglutination assay as in other diagnostic methods. However, monoclonal antibodies can be produced in low quantities at a high cost. Besides, to produce monoclonal antibodies, an experienced staff, a well-equipped cell culture laboratory, a long period of time, and a burdened budget are needed. In recent years, as an alternative to monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies, which are obtained from chicken eggs, and specifically produced against desired antigenic constructs, have become quite attractive in terms of both low cost and abundant production without requiring infrastructure. In contrast, the latex assay based on IgY antibodies for use in the diagnosis of T. gondii has not been developed. This study aimed to conjugate T. gondii-specific IgY antibodies to latex particles, characterize the particles by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and spectroscopic methods, and finally demonstrate the interaction with T.gondii parasites in culture with scanning electron microscopy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Cakir-Koc
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Eslin Ustun
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cahit Babur
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Public Health General Directorate, Microbiology Reference Laboratory And Biological Products Presidency, National Parasitology Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
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Usluca S, Babur C, Kurtcebe Ö, Topluoğlu S, Kılıç S. Evaluation of Malaria Blood Smears Sent to National Malaria Reference Laboratory. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2019; 43:165-169. [PMID: 31865650 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2019.6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective Although the disease has been eliminated in Turkey malaria continues to be a threat due to increase in the number of people coming from or going to countries where the disease is endemic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate blood smears sent to the National Malaria Reference Laboratory within the malaria surveillance system. Methods From March 2016 to July 2018 a retrospective study was conducted to compare the results of Malaria Reference Laboratory and Public Health Laboratories. A total of 16.827 blood stains were sent to our laboratory for approval. Results In Public Health Laboratories, 315 (1.88%) of the smears were positive, 16.510 (98.12%) were negative, and in the National Malaria Reference Laboratory 252 (1.50%) were positive, 16.466 were negative. In the Public Health Laboratories, one of the two samples considered to be malaria suspected was positive in the National Malaria Reference Laboratory and one was negative. In Public Health Laboratories 35.88% of smears were P. falciparum, 27.30% were Plasmodium spp., 20.96% were P. vivax, 14.92% were mixed infection, 0.63% were P. malariae, 0.31% were P. ovale, and in the Reference Laboratory 49.60% were Plasmodium spp., 29.37% were P. falciparum, 16.27% were P. vivax, 4.36% were mixed infection, 0.40% were P. malariae. Conclusion In order to malaria surveillance system to be maintained in a healthy manner, preparation, staining, coding, packaging, transportation of blood slides is very important. Also if necessary, continuing training of laboratory staff working in malaria diagnosis is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Usluca
- General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Microbiology Reference Laboratories and Biological Products, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cahit Babur
- General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Microbiology Reference Laboratories and Biological Products, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Kurtcebe
- General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Zoonotic and Vector-borne Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seher Topluoğlu
- General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Zoonotic and Vector-borne Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Kılıç
- General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Microbiology Reference Laboratories and Biological Products, Ankara, Turkey
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Usluca S, Celebi B, Karasartova D, Gureser AS, Matur F, Oktem MA, Sozen M, Karatas A, Babur C, Mumcuoglu KY, Taylan Ozkan A. Molecular Survey of Babesia microti (Aconoidasida: Piroplasmida) in Wild Rodents in Turkey. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:1605-1609. [PMID: 31143936 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Babesia microti (Aconoidasida: Piroplasmida) (Franca, 1910) is an important tick-borne zoonotic parasite with rodents serving as reservoir hosts. In the present study, 536 rodents were captured from Burdur, Bartin, Giresun, and Yozgat provinces of Turkey between the years 2010 and 2012, and blood samples were examined for the presence of Babesia spp. using conventional PCR which targeted the 18S rRNA gene. The sequence analysis of PCR amplicons was tested for B. microti as well as for Hepatozoon spp., and Sarcocystis spp. Overall, 5.8% of the rodents were positive for B. microti: 41% in Myodes glareolus, 7.7% in Chionomys roberti, and 2% in Apodemus spp., whereas no Babesia DNA was detected in Mus macedonicus and Microtus spp. Six rodents were positive for Hepatozoon spp. and one rodent was positive for Sarcocystis spp. Overall, 14.9 and 4.5% of rodents captured from Bartin and Giresun provinces, respectively, were PCR positive for B. microti, whereas none of rodents captured in Burdur and Yozgat were positive for Babesia spp. The sequence data of B. microti from rodents revealed that all sequences belonged to the zoonotic genotype. Sequences of B. microti obtained from rodents of the Bartin province were genotypically closer to European isolates, whereas those obtained from rodents of the Giresun province were closer to Russian and Mongolian isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Usluca
- General Directorate of Public Health, Microbiology Reference Laboratories and Biological Products Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Celebi
- General Directorate of Public Health Department of Zoonotic and Vectorial Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Djursun Karasartova
- Department of Microbiology, Hitit University, Faculty of Medicine, Corum, Turkey
| | - A Semra Gureser
- Department of Microbiology, Hitit University, Faculty of Medicine, Corum, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Matur
- Biology Department, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Science, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Ali Oktem
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sozen
- Biology Department, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Science, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karatas
- Biology Department, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Science, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Cahit Babur
- General Directorate of Public Health, Microbiology Reference Laboratories and Biological Products Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kosta Y Mumcuoglu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Parasitology Unit, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aysegul Taylan Ozkan
- Department of Microbiology, Hitit University, Faculty of Medicine, Corum, Turkey
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Yildiz K, Gokpinar S, Sursal N, Babur C, Ozen D, Azkur AK. Extracellular Trap Formation by Donkey Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Against Toxoplasma gondii. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yildiz K, Gokpinar S, Gazyagci AN, Babur C, Sursal N, Azkur AK. Role of NETs in the difference in host susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii between sheep and cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 189:1-10. [PMID: 28669381 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to compare extracellular traps (NETs) formation by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) of cattle and sheep when exposed to T. gondii tachyzoites in vitro. The effects of parasite concentrations and different incubation periods on NETs development in cattle and sheep PMNs were studied. The effect of NET structures on host cell invasion by tachyzoites was also studied. This is the first report of NETs development by sheep and cattle PMNs against T. gondii in vitro. T. gondii-induced extracellular DNA production from PMNs was dependent on tachyzoite concentrations and incubation time in both sheep and cattle. Many nuclear and cytoplasmic changes were observed in sheep and cattle PMNs after exposure to T. gondii tachyzoites. The typical appearance of NETs, with MPO, NE and histone (H3) attached to extracellular DNA, was observed. Tachyzoites were entrapped within this structure. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was higher in the cattle PMN-tachyzoite co-cultures than sheep. NETs structures released from sheep PMNs caused mechanical immobilisation of T. gondii tachyzoites, however, NET structures released from cattle PMNs may be lethal to tachyzoites. Bovine MPO may have a lethal effect on T. gondii tachyzoites in vitro during a 3h incubation. Besides other mechanisms that effect on host susceptibility to T. gondii in sheep and cattle, extracellular traps formation as a part of immunological reactions may be play a role in host susceptibility to T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kader Yildiz
- Kirikkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Parasitology, Turkey.
| | - Sami Gokpinar
- Kirikkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Parasitology, Turkey
| | - Aycan Nuriye Gazyagci
- Kirikkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Parasitology, Turkey
| | - Cahit Babur
- Ministry of Health, Public Health Institution of Turkey, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Sursal
- Ankara University Health Sciences Institute, Department of Parasitology, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kursat Azkur
- Kirikkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Virology, Turkey
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Beyhan YE, Babur C, Mungan M, Taylan Ozkan A. Evaluation of Cystic Echinococcosis Suspected Patients Applied to National Parasitology Reference Laboratory of Public Health Institution of Turkey Between 2009-2013. TurkiyeParazitolDerg 2015; 39:17-21. [DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2015.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Beyhan YE, Babur C, Yilmaz O. Investigation of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Samsun and Afyon Provinces. TurkiyeParazitolDerg 2015; 38:220-2. [DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2014.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Celebi B, Taylan Ozkan A, Babur C. Capillaria Hhepatica in Mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) from Giresun Province of Turkey. TurkiyeParazitolDerg 2014; 38:208-10. [DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2014.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Oktem IMA, Uyar Y, Dincer E, Gozalan A, Schlegel M, Babur C, Celebi B, Sozen M, Karatas A, Ozkazanc NK, Matur F, Korukluoglu G, Ulrich RG, Ertek M, Ozkul A. Dobrava-Belgrade virus in Apodemus flavicollis and A. uralensis mice, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:121-5. [PMID: 24377763 PMCID: PMC3887490 DOI: 10.3201/eid2001.121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, human Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) infections were reported on the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Serologic and molecular studies of potential rodent reservoirs demonstrated DOBV infections in Apodemus flavicollis and A. uralensis mice. Phylogenetic analysis of DOBV strains showed their similarity to A. flavicollis mice–borne DOBV in Greece, Slovenia, and Slovakia.
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Yagci Yucel S, Yaman M, Kurt C, Babur C, Celebi B, Kilic S, Ozen D. Seroprevalance of Brucellosis, Listeriosis and Toxoplasmosis in Cattle in Adana Province of Turkey. urkiyeParazitolDerg 2014; 38:91-6. [DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2014.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Engin AB, Dogruman-Al F, Ercin U, Celebi B, Babur C, Bukan N. Oxidative stress and tryptophan degradation pattern of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1725-30. [PMID: 22790966 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a very common obligate single-cell protozoan parasite which induces overproduction of interferon (IFN)-gamma and of other proinflammatory cytokines. Although immunomodulatory role of IFN-gamma favors tryptophan (Trp) degradation via indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and is related with nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, the mechanism of antitoxoplasma activity is complex. In order to characterize the Trp degradation pattern during the acute T. gondii infection, serum Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), and urinary biopterin levels of mice were measured. The possible oxidative status was evaluated by the liver, spleen, brain, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO levels. Increased free radical toxicity may cause elevation in tissue MDA in T. gondii-infected mice, while unchanged serum MDA might indicate the increased oxidative stress due to T. gondii infection restricted to intracellular area. Elevated serum NO most probably might be due to the formation of reactive nitrogen radicals. The Kyn/Trp ratio was higher in T. gondii-infected mice compared to healthy animals (p < 0.05); however, it was not correlated with urinary biopterin. These results suggested that Trp degradation might be promoted by a pathway other than IDO during T. gondii infection and the reduction of Trp concentration favors the local immunosuppression and systemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
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Cicek H, Babur C, Eser M. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Pırlak Sheep in the Afyonkarahisar Province of Turkey. TurkiyeParazitolDerg 2011; 35:137-9. [DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2011.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Karatepe M, Kilic S, Karatepe B, Babur C. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Domestic (Columba livia domestica) and Wild (Columba livia livia) Pigeons in Niğde region, Turkey. TurkiyeParazitolDerg 2011; 35:23-6. [DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2011.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yuksel P, Alpay N, Babur C, Bayar R, Saribas S, Karakose AR, Aksoy C, Aslan M, Mehmetali S, Kilic S, Balcioglu I, Hamanca O, Dirican A, Kucukbasmaci O, Oner A, Torun MM, Kocazeybek B. The role of latent toxoplasmosis in the aetiopathogenesis of schizophrenia--the risk factor or an indication of a contact with cat? Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2010; 57:121-8. [PMID: 20608474 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2010.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We assessed IgG antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in 300 inpatients with schizophrenia (SG), 150 outpatients with anxiety and depressive disorders (PCG), and 150 healthy blood donors (HCG). Seropositivity rates were 60.7% for SG, 36.7% for PCG, and 45.3% for HCG (p<0.001). The seropositivity rate for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in SG was significantly higher that in PCG (chi2 = 23.11, OR = 2.66, p = 0.001) and HCG (chi2 = 9.52, OR = 1.86, p = 0.002). Among SG, 85% of those who reported close cat contact had IgG antibodies to T. gondii. Close cat contacts were reported by 59% of SG, 6% of PCG, and 9% of HCG (p<0.001). There was a nonsignificant positive association between toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia for people with a contact with a cat (OR = 2.221, p = 0.127, CI95 = 0.796-6.192), and significant negative association between toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia for people without contact with a cat (OR = 0.532, p = 0.009, CI95 = 0.332-0.854). Close cat contact (OR = 2.679, p<0.001), 51-65-year age group (OR = 1.703, p<0.001) and education [illiterate+primary (OR = 6.146, p<0.001) and high school (OR = 1.974, p = 0.023)] were detected as independent risk factors in multivariate logistic regression. The effect of toxoplasmosis on risk of schizophrenia disappeared in the complex model analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. In conclusion, our data suggest that the toxoplasmosis has no direct effect on the risk of schizophrenia in Turkey but is just an indication of previous contacts with a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Yuksel
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Celebi B, Carhan A, Kilic S, Babur C. Detection and genetic diversity of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii strains isolated from dogs in Ankara, Turkey. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:969-73. [PMID: 20234114 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii has been identified as an important pathogen in dogs and is an emerging pathogen in people with zoonotic potential. This study aimed to isolate Bartonella spp. in 250 blood samples collected from dogs in the province of Ankara, Turkey, between October 2006 and March 2007. The typing of the 23 isolates was carried out by PCR for citrate synthase (gltA) and the 16S-23S intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS). The prevalence of bacteremia was 9.2% in 250 samples. Among 170 shelter dogs, 21 (12.4%) were bacteremic for B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, while the B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii bacteremia rate was 5% (2/40) for the stray dogs. B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was not isolated from the pet dogs. The prevalence of bacteremia was found to be 25.5% (13/51) in shelter dogs aged less than one year old. All of the isolates were identified as B.vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype III. In some isolates, MseI digest for gltA was found to be different from the American and European strains due to a single nucleotide change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Celebi
- Department of Communicable Diseases Research, Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency, Ankara, Turkey.
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Kocazeybek B, Oner YA, Turksoy R, Babur C, Cakan H, Sahip N, Unal A, Ozaslan A, Kılıc S, Saribas S, Aslan M, Taylan A, Koc S, Dirican A, Uner HB, Oz V, Ertekin C, Kucukbasmaci O, Torun MM. Higher prevalence of toxoplasmosis in victims of traffic accidents suggest increased risk of traffic accident in Toxoplasma-infected inhabitants of Istanbul and its suburbs. Forensic Sci Int 2009; 187:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yildiz K, Yasa Duru S, Yagci BB, Babur C, Ocal N, Gurcan S, Karaca S. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and coexistence with Toxoplasma gondii in dogs. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2009; 33:116-119. [PMID: 19598086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a protozoal agent causing abortion and infertility problems in dairy cattle. The objective of the present study was to detect the seroprevalence of N.caninum in dogs and its co-existence with Toxoplasma gondii in some rural and urban regions of Kirikka-le province. A total of 121 blood samples were examined with indirect immunoflorescent antibody test to detect the presence of N.caninum IgG antibodies. The seropositivity of N.caninum was 28.9% in dogs. The seropositivity rate was higher in male dogs than that of females (p < 0.05). The seropositivity rate of N.caninum was 36.5% and 20.7% for pure breed and mongrel dogs, respectively (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference amongst the age groups and location of the dogs (rural or urban) (p > 0.05). The N.caninum positive serum samples were also examined for the presence of antibodies for T.gondii by Sabin-Feldman Dye test in order to identify the possible serological co-infection, 1/16 and higher titres were evaluated as positive. According to test results, 19 out of 35 N.caninum seropositive dogs (54.3%) showed T.gondii seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kader Yildiz
- Kirikkale University Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology, Kirikkale, Turkey.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine Bartonella henselae prevalance in cats in Ankara. Whole bloods and sera collected from 256 cats were investigated for the presence feline Bartonella species by culture and sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against B. henselae IgG using immunofluorescence assay. Bartonella species were isolated by blood culture from 24 (9.4%) cats. Bartonella isolates were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) by using TaqI and HhaI endonucleases to identify species. Twenty-one isolates were determined as B. henselae and three of 24 isolates were determined as Bartonella clarridgeiae with RFLP. The bacteraemia prevalence and seroprevalence of B. henselae IgG antibodies in cats was detected as 8.2% and 18.6% respectively. This is the first report on B. henselea and B. clarridgeiae in cats in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Celebi
- Communicable Diseases Research Department, Refik Saydam National Hygiene Center, Ankara, Turkey
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Karaer A, Ozkan O, Ozer S, Bayir B, Kilic S, Babur C, Danişman N. Gastrointestinal symptoms and Helicobacter pylori infection in early pregnancy. A seroepidemiologic study. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2008; 66:44-6. [PMID: 18264024 DOI: 10.1159/000115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastrointestinal symptoms in early pregnancy. METHODS H. pylori seropositivity was determined in 296 pregnant women at 7-12 weeks' gestation by ELISA between January 2004 and April 2007. Sociodemographic characteristics and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded at this time. RESULTS The prevalence of H. pylori infection in our population was 56.8% (168 of 296). 76% of the women with H. pylori and 68% of the women who tested negative for H. pylori infection reported at least one of the evaluated gastrointestinal symptoms. Although morning sickness and morning vomiting were not associated with H. pylori infection, sickness and vomiting during the whole day were more frequently noted with H. pylori infection (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-4.9, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Of the evaluated gastrointestinal symptoms, H. pylori infection is significantly associated with sickness and vomiting during the whole day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Karaer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak, Woman Health Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Taylan-Ozkan
- Parasitology Laboratory, Communicable Diseases Research Center, Refik Saydam National Institute of Health, Turkey
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Delialioglu N, Aslan G, Sozen M, Babur C, Kanik A, Emekdas G. Detection of Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar in stool specimens by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99:769-72. [PMID: 15654437 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000700019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica actually comprises two genetically distinct but morphologically indistinguishable species. E. histolytica can cause invasive intestinal and extra intestinal disease, while E. dispar cannot. Identification and differentiation of E. dispar and E. histolytica in stool sample by microscopy is imprecise. Several weeks of culture and isoenzyme analysis are required to differentiate E. histolytica from E. dispar. In this study, we have used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of E. histolytica/E.dispar and compared it with microscopy. Eighty-eight samples were evaluated, trichrome staining was positive in 20.4% (18) and ELISA was positive in 29.5% (26). Both tests were positive in 14 (15.9%) samples, 4 (4.5%) only with direct microscopy, and 12 (13.6%) only with ELISA. Both tests were negative in 58 (65.9%) samples. Microscopy has low sensitivity and high specificity, low negative predictive value and high positive predictive value in comparison with ELISA. E. histolytica/E. dispar antigen detection ELISA tests are inexpensive compared to the specific tests, yield objective results and do not require experienced microscopists and can therefore be recommended for screening of stools worldwide and the results can be taken for treatment that are fitting with its clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuran Delialioglu
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Refik Saydam Hygiene Center, Ankara, Turkey.
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