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Franz DJ, Schweer-Collins ML, Cioffi CC, Leve LD. Adolescent child custody loss and substance use treatment as predictors of young adult substance use trajectories among females with foster care and juvenile justice involvement. Child Youth Serv Rev 2024; 157:107421. [PMID: 38371910 PMCID: PMC10868730 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify trajectories of substance use from adolescence to young adulthood among 166 females with dual child welfare and juvenile justice system involvement, and to explore the influence of adolescent child custody status and substance use treatment on substance use trajectories. Results identified four substance use trajectory groups (stable moderate substance use, decreasing substance use, increasing substance use, stable high substance use). Custody loss during adolescence predicted membership in the stable high substance use trajectory group (log odds estimate = 2.99, p = < 0.01). No significant associations were found with adolescent substance use treatment. The findings can inform policymakers, foster care professionals, and law enforcement officers to promote the delivery of timely and appropriate substance use services that respond to the unique needs of females across the child welfare and juvenile justice system populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daschel J. Franz
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Dr, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | | | - Camille C. Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Dr, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Dr, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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2
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Cioffi CC, Browning O'Hagan AM, Halvorson S, DeGarmo DS. A randomized controlled trial to improve fathering among fathers with substance use disorders: Fathering in recovery intervention. J Fam Psychol 2023; 37:1303-1314. [PMID: 37695329 PMCID: PMC10840916 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In early recovery for substance use disorders (SUDs), fathers may experience a desire to become more active in their role as a parent but may need support in using effective parenting strategies. Parent management training programs may be effective for fathers in recovery from SUD as they have been shown to improve parenting knowledge, self-efficacy, parenting practices, and child behavior, as well as decrease parent substance use. Using the Parent Management Training-Oregon model, we adapted a video-based program for text delivery to fathers in their first year of recovery from SUD, the fathering in recovery (FIR) intervention. In this pilot study, we randomized 41 fathers to control or 6 weeks of video content and three brief coaching calls and assessed outcomes in the parenting, child, and substance domains at baseline, 6-week, and 4-month follow-ups. We found FIR was effective for improving parenting knowledge, fathering efficacy, and in reducing fathers' ineffective parenting. The intervention showed promise for reducing child behavior problems. While larger studies are needed to replicate and build on these FIR findings, our data suggest that FIR holds promise for improving the lives of fathers and their families affected by SUD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Avalos LA, Chandran A, Churchill ML, Gao X, Ames JL, Nozadi SS, Roubinov D, Brennan PA, Bush NR, Camargo CA, Carroll KN, Cioffi CC, Ferrara A, Goldson B, Hedderson MM, Hipwell AE, Kerver JM, O’Connor TG, Porucznik CA, Shuffrey LC, Talavera-Barber MM, Wright RJ, Zhu Y, Croen LA. Prenatal depression and risk of child autism-related traits among participants in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program. Autism Res 2023; 16:1825-1835. [PMID: 37526980 PMCID: PMC10857745 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the association between prenatal depression and offspring autism-related traits. The sample comprised 33 prenatal/pediatric cohorts participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program who contributed information on prenatal depression and autism-related traits. Autism-related traits were assessed continuously and at the diagnostic cut-off using the Social Responsiveness Scale for children up to 12 years of age. Main analyses included 3994 parent-child pairs with prenatal depression diagnoses data; secondary analyses included 1730 parent-child pairs with depression severity data. After confounder adjustment, we observed an increase in autism-related traits among children of individuals with prenatal depression compared to those without (adjusted β = 1.31 95% CI: 0.65, 1.98). Analyses stratified by child sex documented a similar significant association among boys (aβ = 1.34 95%CI: 0.36, 2.32) and girls (aβ = 1.26 95% CI: 0.37, 2.15). Prenatal depression was also associated with increased odds of moderate to severe autism-related traits (adjusted odds ratio: 1.64, 95%CI: 1.09, 2.46), the screening threshold considered high risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. Findings highlight the importance of prenatal depression screening and preventive interventions for children of pregnant individuals with depression to support healthy development. Future research is needed to clarify whether these findings reflect overlap in genetic risk for depression and ASD-related traits or another mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer L. Ames
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Sara S. Nozadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico
| | - Danielle Roubinov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Kecia N. Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Brandon Goldson
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Jean M. Kerver
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Thomas G. O’Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester
| | | | - Lauren C. Shuffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria M. Talavera-Barber
- Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Lisa A. Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
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Searcy JA, Cioffi CC, Tavalire HF, Budd EL, Cresko WA, DeGarmo DS, Leve LD. Reaching Latinx Communities with Algorithmic Optimization for SARS-CoV-2 Testing Locations. Prev Sci 2023; 24:1249-1260. [PMID: 36622480 PMCID: PMC9827438 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected communities of color, including Latinx communities. Oregon Saludable: Juntos Podemos (OSJP) is a randomized clinical trial aimed at reducing this disparity by both increasing access to testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, for Oregon Latinx community members and studying the effectiveness of health and behavioral health interventions on turnout and health outcomes. OSJP established SARS-CoV-2 testing events at sites across Oregon. A critical early question was how to locate these sites to best serve Latinx community members. To propose sites in each participating county, we implemented an algorithmic approach solving a facilities location problem. This algorithm was based on minimizing driving time from Latinx population centers to SARS-CoV-2 testing locations. OSJP staff presented these proposed testing locations to community partners as a starting place for identifying final testing sites. Due to differences in geography, population distributions, and potential site accessibility, the study sites exhibited variation in how well the algorithmic optimization objectives could be satisfied. From this variation, we inferred the effects of the drive time optimization metric on the likelihood of Latinx community members utilizing SARS-CoV-2 testing services. After controlling for potential confounders, we found that minimizing the drive time optimization metric was strongly correlated with increased turnout among Latinx community members. This paper presents the algorithm and data sources used for site proposals and discusses challenges and opportunities for community-based health promotion research when translating algorithm proposals into action across a range of health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Searcy
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, 203 Pacific Hall, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
| | - Camille C Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth L Budd
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - William A Cresko
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, 203 Pacific Hall, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - David S DeGarmo
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Leslie D Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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Lipsett M, Wyant-Stein K, Mendes S, Berger E, Berkman ET, Terplan M, Cioffi CC. Addressing stigma within the dissemination of research products to improve quality of care for pregnant and parenting people affected by substance use disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1199661. [PMID: 37351006 PMCID: PMC10282149 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1199661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders are a common and treatable condition among pregnant and parenting people. Social, self, and structural stigma experienced by this group represent a barrier to harm reduction, treatment utilization, and quality of care. We examine features of research dissemination that may generate or uphold stigmatization at every level for pregnant and parenting individuals affected by substance use disorder and their children. We explore stigma reduction practices within the research community that can increase uptake of evidence-based treatment programs and prevent potential harm related to substance use in pregnant and parenting people. The strategies we propose include: (1) address researcher stereotypes, prejudice, and misconceptions about pregnant and parenting people with substance use disorder; (2) engage in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaborations that engage with researchers who have lived experience in substance use; (3) use community-based approaches and engage community partners, (4) address stigmatizing language in science communication; (5) provide contextualizing information about the social and environmental factors that influence substance use among pregnant and parenting people; and (6) advocate for stigma-reducing policies in research articles and other scholarly products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Lipsett
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Katie Wyant-Stein
- Diamond Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Simone Mendes
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Estelle Berger
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Elliot T. Berkman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Mishka Terplan
- Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Camille C. Cioffi
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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McKee KS, Tang X, Tung I, Wu G, Alshawabkeh AN, Arizaga JA, Bastain TM, Brennan PA, Breton CV, Camargo CA, Cioffi CC, Cordero JF, Dabelea D, Deutsch AR, Duarte CS, Dunlop AL, Elliott AJ, Ferrara A, Karagas MR, Lester B, McEvoy CT, Meeker J, Neiderhiser JM, Herbstman J, Trasande L, O'Connor TG, Hipwell AE, Comstock SS. Perinatal Outcomes during versus Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Maternal Depression and Perceived Stress: A Report from the ECHO Program. Am J Perinatol 2023. [PMID: 36781160 DOI: 10.1055/a-2033-5610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on perinatal outcomes while accounting for maternal depression or perceived stress and to describe COVID-specific stressors, including changes in prenatal care, across specific time periods of the pandemic. STUDY DESIGN Data of dyads from 41 cohorts from the National Institutes of Health Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program (N = 2,983) were used to compare birth outcomes before and during the pandemic (n = 2,355), and a partially overlapping sample (n = 1,490) responded to a COVID-19 questionnaire. Psychosocial stress was defined using prenatal screening for depression and perceived stress. Propensity-score matching and general estimating equations with robust variance estimation were used to estimate the pandemic's effect on birth outcomes. RESULTS Symptoms of depression and perceived stress during pregnancy were similar prior to and during the pandemic, with nearly 40% of participants reporting mild to severe stress, and 24% reporting mild depression to severe depression. Gestations were shorter during the pandemic (B = - 0.33 weeks, p = 0.025), and depression was significantly associated with shortened gestation (B = - 0.02 weeks, p = 0.015) after adjustment. Birth weights were similar (B = - 28.14 g, p = 0.568), but infants born during the pandemic had slightly larger birth weights for gestational age at delivery than those born before the pandemic (B = 0.15 z-score units, p = 0.041). More women who gave birth early in the pandemic reported being moderately or extremely distressed about changes to their prenatal care and delivery (45%) compared with those who delivered later in the pandemic. A majority (72%) reported somewhat to extremely negative views of the impact of COVID-19 on their life. CONCLUSION In this national cohort, we detected no effect of COVID-19 on prenatal depression or perceived stress. However, experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic in pregnancy was associated with decreases in gestational age at birth, as well as distress about changes in prenatal care early in the pandemic. KEY POINTS · COVID-19 was associated with shortened gestations.. · Depression was associated with shortened gestations.. · However, stress during the pandemic remained unchanged.. · Most women reported negative impacts of the pandemic..
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S McKee
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiaodan Tang
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Irene Tung
- Department of Psychology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California
| | - Guojing Wu
- Department of Epidemology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Akram N Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica A Arizaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Camille C Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Jose F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Athens, Georgia
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Arielle R Deutsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Avera Research Institute, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | | | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amy J Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, Avera Research Institute, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Barry Lester
- Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Cindy T McEvoy
- Department of Pediatrics, MCR Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - John Meeker
- University of Michigan, Environmental Health Sciences, Global Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jenae M Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie Herbstman
- Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, New York, New York
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University, New York
- Department of Environmental Medicine, and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and New York University School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah S Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Cioffi CC, Hibbard PF, Hagaman A, Tillson M, Vest N. Perspectives of researchers with lived experience in implementation science research: Opportunities to close the research-to-practice gap in substance use systems of care. Implement Res Pract 2023; 4:26334895231180635. [PMID: 37790184 PMCID: PMC10326466 DOI: 10.1177/26334895231180635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The field of implementation science acknowledges the importance of diversity within research teams including members from diverse disciplines and with lived expertise in practical implementation (e.g., administrators, front-line workers, patients/clients). Gaps remain in the successful implementation of proven substance use treatment interventions. Methods This paper will outline the rationale for the purposeful inclusion of researchers with lived experience (RLE) related to substance use disorder (SUD) within implementation science research studies focused on improving SUD services. Results We posit that researchers with such experience can help address research-to-practice gaps by (1) building strong community partnerships, (2) engaging in conversations around effective interventions through knowledge translation, (3) providing community-congruent approaches to evaluation, and (4) aiding in dissemination and sustainability efforts. Conclusions We end by offering recommendations for researchers without lived experience as they intentionally collaborate with RLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noel Vest
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston,
MA, USA
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Anda SD, Budd EL, Halvorson S, Mauricio AM, McWhirter EH, Cioffi CC, García JIR, Cresko WA, Leve LD, DeGarmo DS. Effects of a Health Education Intervention for COVID-19 Prevention in Latinx Communities: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S923-S927. [PMID: 36446063 PMCID: PMC9707712 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.307129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To promote COVID-19 preventive attitudes and behaviors among Latinx individuals, researchers and community partners implemented a culturally tailored health education intervention across 12 Oregon counties from February 2021 through April 2022. We did not identify any significant intervention effects on preventive attitudes and behaviors but did observe significant decreases in psychological distress. Although Latinx individuals' preventive attitudes and behaviors were not associated with the health education intervention, findings suggest the intervention has value in promoting their well-being (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04793464). (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S9):S923-S927. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307129).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie De Anda
- Stephanie De Anda is with the Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene. Elizabeth L. Budd is with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. Sven Halvorson, Anne Marie Mauricio, Camille C. Cioffi, Jorge I. Ramírez García, and David S. DeGarmo are with the Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon. Ellen Hawley McWhirter and Leslie D. Leve are with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. William A. Cresko is with the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon
| | - Elizabeth L Budd
- Stephanie De Anda is with the Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene. Elizabeth L. Budd is with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. Sven Halvorson, Anne Marie Mauricio, Camille C. Cioffi, Jorge I. Ramírez García, and David S. DeGarmo are with the Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon. Ellen Hawley McWhirter and Leslie D. Leve are with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. William A. Cresko is with the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon
| | - Sven Halvorson
- Stephanie De Anda is with the Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene. Elizabeth L. Budd is with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. Sven Halvorson, Anne Marie Mauricio, Camille C. Cioffi, Jorge I. Ramírez García, and David S. DeGarmo are with the Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon. Ellen Hawley McWhirter and Leslie D. Leve are with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. William A. Cresko is with the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon
| | - Anne Marie Mauricio
- Stephanie De Anda is with the Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene. Elizabeth L. Budd is with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. Sven Halvorson, Anne Marie Mauricio, Camille C. Cioffi, Jorge I. Ramírez García, and David S. DeGarmo are with the Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon. Ellen Hawley McWhirter and Leslie D. Leve are with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. William A. Cresko is with the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon
| | - Ellen Hawley McWhirter
- Stephanie De Anda is with the Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene. Elizabeth L. Budd is with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. Sven Halvorson, Anne Marie Mauricio, Camille C. Cioffi, Jorge I. Ramírez García, and David S. DeGarmo are with the Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon. Ellen Hawley McWhirter and Leslie D. Leve are with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. William A. Cresko is with the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon
| | - Camille C Cioffi
- Stephanie De Anda is with the Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene. Elizabeth L. Budd is with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. Sven Halvorson, Anne Marie Mauricio, Camille C. Cioffi, Jorge I. Ramírez García, and David S. DeGarmo are with the Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon. Ellen Hawley McWhirter and Leslie D. Leve are with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. William A. Cresko is with the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon
| | - Jorge I Ramírez García
- Stephanie De Anda is with the Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene. Elizabeth L. Budd is with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. Sven Halvorson, Anne Marie Mauricio, Camille C. Cioffi, Jorge I. Ramírez García, and David S. DeGarmo are with the Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon. Ellen Hawley McWhirter and Leslie D. Leve are with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. William A. Cresko is with the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon
| | - William A Cresko
- Stephanie De Anda is with the Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene. Elizabeth L. Budd is with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. Sven Halvorson, Anne Marie Mauricio, Camille C. Cioffi, Jorge I. Ramírez García, and David S. DeGarmo are with the Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon. Ellen Hawley McWhirter and Leslie D. Leve are with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. William A. Cresko is with the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon
| | - Leslie D Leve
- Stephanie De Anda is with the Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene. Elizabeth L. Budd is with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. Sven Halvorson, Anne Marie Mauricio, Camille C. Cioffi, Jorge I. Ramírez García, and David S. DeGarmo are with the Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon. Ellen Hawley McWhirter and Leslie D. Leve are with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. William A. Cresko is with the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon
| | - David S DeGarmo
- Stephanie De Anda is with the Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene. Elizabeth L. Budd is with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. Sven Halvorson, Anne Marie Mauricio, Camille C. Cioffi, Jorge I. Ramírez García, and David S. DeGarmo are with the Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon. Ellen Hawley McWhirter and Leslie D. Leve are with the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon. William A. Cresko is with the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon
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9
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Shuffrey LC, Lucchini M, Morales S, Sania A, Hockett C, Barrett E, Carroll KN, Cioffi CC, Dabelea D, Deoni S, Dunlop AL, Deutsch A, Fifer WP, Firestein MR, Hedderson MM, Jacobson M, Kelly RS, Kerver JM, Mason WA, Mirzakhani H, O'Connor TG, Trasande L, Weiss S, Wright R, Zhu Y, Crum RM, Lee S, Elliott AJ, Monk C. Gestational diabetes mellitus, prenatal maternal depression, and risk for postpartum depression: an Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:758. [PMID: 36209070 PMCID: PMC9548153 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has demonstrated bidirectional associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and perinatal maternal depression. However, the association between GDM, prenatal depression, and postpartum depression (PPD) has not been examined in a prospective cohort longitudinally. METHODS Participants in the current analysis included 5,822 women from the National Institutes of Health's Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Research Program: N = 4,606 with Neither GDM nor Prenatal Maternal Depression (Reference Category); N = 416 with GDM only; N = 689 with Prenatal Maternal Depression only; and N = 111 with Comorbid GDM and Prenatal Maternal Depression. The PROMIS-D scale was used to measure prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms. Primary analyses consisted of linear regression models to estimate the independent and joint effects of GDM and prenatal maternal depression on maternal postpartum depressive symptoms. RESULTS A higher proportion of women with GDM were classified as having prenatal depression (N = 111; 21%) compared to the proportion of women without GDM who were classified as having prenatal depression (N = 689; 13%), however this finding was not significant after adjustment for covariates. Women with Comorbid GDM and Prenatal Maternal Depression had significantly increased postpartum depressive symptoms measured by PROMIS-D T-scores compared to women with Neither GDM nor Prenatal Maternal Depression (mean difference 7.02, 95% CI 5.00, 9.05). Comorbid GDM and Prenatal Maternal Depression was associated with an increased likelihood of PPD (OR 7.38, 95% CI 4.05, 12.94). However, women with GDM only did not have increased postpartum PROMIS-D T-scores or increased rates of PPD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the importance of universal depression screening during pregnancy and in the first postpartum year. Due to the joint association of GDM and prenatal maternal depression on risk of PPD, future studies should examine potential mechanisms underlying this relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Shuffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NYSPI, Pardes Rm 4932, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Maristella Lucchini
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NYSPI, Pardes Rm 4932, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Santiago Morales
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ayesha Sania
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NYSPI, Pardes Rm 4932, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Emily Barrett
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Camille C Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - William P Fifer
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NYSPI, Pardes Rm 4932, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Morgan R Firestein
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NYSPI, Pardes Rm 4932, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Melanie Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean M Kerver
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - W Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Weiss
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yeyi Zhu
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rosa M Crum
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Budd EL, McWhirter EH, De Anda S, Mauricio AM, Mueller MV, Cioffi CC, Nash A, Van Brocklin K, Yarris K, Jackson A, Terral H, García JIR, Cresko WA, DeGarmo DS, Leve LD. Development and design of a culturally tailored intervention to address COVID-19 disparities among Oregon's Latinx communities: A community case study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:962862. [PMID: 36211681 PMCID: PMC9541743 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.962862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Latinx communities are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 compared with non-Latinx White communities in Oregon and much of the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic presents a critical and urgent need to reach Latinx communities with innovative, culturally tailored outreach and health promotion interventions to reduce viral transmission and address disparities. The aims of this case study are to (1) outline the collaborative development of a culturally and trauma-informed COVID-19 preventive intervention for Latinx communities; (2) describe essential intervention elements; and (3) summarize strengths and lessons learned for future applications. Methods Between June 2020 and January 2021, a multidisciplinary team of researchers and Latinx-serving partners engaged in the following intervention development activities: a scientific literature review, a survey of 67 Latinx residents attending public testing events, interviews with 13 leaders of community-based organizations serving Latinx residents, and bi-weekly consultations with the project's Public Health and Community Services Team and a regional Community and Scientific Advisory Board. After launching the intervention in the field in February 2021, bi-weekly meetings with interventionists continuously informed minor iterative refinements through present day. Results The resulting intervention, Promotores de Salud, includes outreach and brief health education. Bilingual, trauma-informed trainings and materials reflect the lived experiences, cultural values, needs, and concerns of Latinx communities. Interventionists (21 Promotores) were Latinx residents from nine Oregon counties where the intervention was delivered. Conclusions Sharing development and intervention details with public health researchers and practitioners facilitates intervention uptake and replication to optimize the public health effect in Oregon's Latinx communities and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Budd
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,*Correspondence: Elizabeth L. Budd
| | - Ellen Hawley McWhirter
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Stephanie De Anda
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Anne Marie Mauricio
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Maryanne V. Mueller
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Camille C. Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Ashley Nash
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Kelsey Van Brocklin
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Kristin Yarris
- Department of Global Studies, Center for Global Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Arriell Jackson
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Heather Terral
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | | | | | - William A. Cresko
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - David S. DeGarmo
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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11
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DeGarmo DS, De Anda S, Cioffi CC, Tavalire HF, Searcy JA, Budd EL, Hawley McWhirter E, Mauricio AM, Halvorson S, Beck EA, Fernandes L, Currey MC, Ramírez García J, Cresko WA, Leve LD. Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Testing Outreach Intervention for Latinx Communities: A Cluster Randomized Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2216796. [PMID: 35708690 PMCID: PMC9204550 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.16796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Latinx individuals have been disproportionately affected during the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the spread of SARS-CoV-2. It is imperative to evaluate newly developed preventive interventions to assess their effect on COVID-19 health disparities. Objective To examine the effectiveness of a culturally tailored outreach intervention designed to increase SARS-CoV-2 testing rates among Latinx populations. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cluster randomized trial performed from February 1 to August 31, 2021, in community settings in 9 Oregon counties, 38 sites were randomized a priori (19 to the community health promoters intervention and 19 to outreach as usual wait-listed controls). Thirty-three sites were activated. A total of 394 SARS-CoV-2 testing events were held and 1851 diagnostic samples collected, of which 919 were from Latinx persons. Interventions A culturally informed outreach program was developed that made use of promotores de salud (community health promoters) to increase Latinx SARS-CoV-2 testing. Strategies addressed barriers by disseminating information on testing events in English and Spanish, mitigating misinformation, and increasing trust. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were the count of sample tests from Latinx persons and the sampled proportion of the Latinx populace. Site-level covariates included census tract Latinx populace, nativity (number of US-born individuals per 100 population), median age, and income inequality. Time-varying covariates included number of new weekly SARS-CoV-2-positive cases and percentage of vaccine coverage at the county level. Results A total of 15 clusters (sites) were randomized to the control group and 18 to the community health promoters group. A total of 1851 test samples were collected, of which 995 (53.8%) were from female participants and 919 (49.6%) were from Latinx individuals. The intervention tested 3.84 (95% CI, 2.47-5.97) times more Latinx individuals per event than controls (incident rate ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.46-1.34; Cohen d = 0.74; P < .001). The intervention was associated with a 0.28 increase in the proportion of Latinx populace being tested compared with control sites for the dependent variable scaled as the proportion of the Latinx populace ×100, or a 0.003 proportion of the raw populace count. The use of a standardized scaling of the proportion of Latinx individuals showed that the relative percentage increase was 0.53 (95% CI, 0.21-0.86) in the intervention sites compared with controls, representing a medium effect size. Conclusions and Relevance To our knowledge, this was the first randomized evaluation of an outreach intervention designed to increase SARS-CoV-2 testing among Latinx populations. Findings could be used to implement strategies to reduce other health disparities experienced by these groups. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04793464.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. DeGarmo
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Stephanie De Anda
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | | | | | - Jacob A. Searcy
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Elizabeth L. Budd
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | | | | | - Sven Halvorson
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Emily A. Beck
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | | | - Mark C. Currey
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Jorge Ramírez García
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene
| | - William A. Cresko
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene
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12
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Cioffi CC, Kosty D, Nachbar S, Capron CG, Mauricio AM, Tavalire HF. COVID-19 vaccine deliberation among people who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2022; 3:100046. [PMID: 35345466 PMCID: PMC8942572 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are at greater risk for severe morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 due to comorbid, chronic, medical conditions and structural inequities associated with housing instability and incarceration. As such, they are a population that would greatly benefit from COVID-19 vaccination. Methods We surveyed 350 syringe exchange clients between March 2021 and June 2021 to collect information on vaccine uptake among PWID, facilitators and barriers to vaccination, and demographic correlates of vaccine hesitancy. Results Findings highlight that among PWID, vaccination access was remarkably low with only 10% of the sample receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine acceptability among people who were vaccinated was 42% highlighting barriers to access. Motivation for vaccination included a desire to keep family members and other community members safe and a desire to feel safe around other people. Barriers to vaccination included concerns about vaccine side effects, lack of concern surrounding the effects of COVID-19, and insufficient information about how the vaccine works, along with general distrust of the vaccine development and deployment process. Conclusions There is a need for structural interventions and individual behavioral interventions to improve COVID-19 vaccine access and uptake among PWID. Limitations and implications for next steps and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C Cioffi
- Corresponding author at:. University of Oregon Prevention Science Institute, 1600 Millrace Drive, Suite 105, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States.
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13
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Cioffi CC, Schweer-Collins ML, Leve LD. Pregnancy and miscarriage predict suicide attempts but not substance use among dual-systems involved female adolescents. Child Youth Serv Rev 2022; 137:106494. [PMID: 37089705 PMCID: PMC10118061 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background To examine the associations between adolescent pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes on substance use and suicide attempts in a sample who is at greater risk for substance use and suicide attempts - those who have been involved with the uvenile justice and child welfare systems. Methods Using a prospective, longitudinal design, we examined the role of adolescent pregnancy outcomes on risk for suicide attempts and substance use among a sample of 166 female adolescents with juvenile justice system and child welfare involvement. Results Of participants, 36% (n = 60) reported at least one adolescent pregnancy with a total of 109 pregnancies reported. Adolescent pregnancy was associated with an increase in later suicide attempts (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.06-2.72). Miscarriage was associated with a 2-fold increase in the likelihood of later suicide attempts, (aOR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.10-4.12). No participants who reported induced abortion (n = 13) reported suicide attempts. Adolescent pregnancy, miscarriage, and abortion were not significantly associated with later substance use (Ps > 0.05). Conclusions Healthcare professionals should conduct routine screening for suicidality in the months following a miscarriage, offer education to caregivers about how to support youth who experience pregnancy loss, provide additional social supports and familiarize themselves with local and virtual behavioral health resources to prevent suicide attempts among female adolescents who are at high risk and experience miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C. Cioffi
- Corresponding author at: Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Drive, Suite 105, Eugene, OR 97403, United States. (C.C. Cioffi)
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14
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Cioffi CC, Kosty D, Capron CG, Tavalire HF, Barnes RC, Mauricio AM. Contingency Management and SARS-CoV-2 Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs. Public Health Rep 2022; 137:573-579. [PMID: 35238240 PMCID: PMC9109524 DOI: 10.1177/00333549221074385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People who inject drugs (PWID) are especially vulnerable to morbidity and mortality as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection because of social and physical health vulnerabilities. Routine testing for SARS-CoV-2 is critical to reduce transmission. Contingency management-the provision of tangible rewards to reinforce positive behavior-can promote the use of health services among PWID. Evidence is scarce on the utility of contingency management to promote SARS-CoV-2 testing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of contingency management to increase testing among PWID. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 testing was implemented at 9 syringe exchange program sites in partnership with an Oregon-based nonprofit organization for 5 weeks without contingency management and for 6 weeks with contingency management (a $10 financial incentive for testing) from February 1 through mid-April 2021. We measured rates of testing among syringe exchange program clients before and after implementation of contingency management. RESULTS Before contingency management, SARS-CoV-2 testing occurred during approximately 131 of 1410 (9.3%) client encounters, and 123 of 997 (12.3%) unique clients were tested. During contingency management, testing occurred during approximately 571 of 1756 (32.5%) client encounters, and 407 of 1151 (35.4%) unique clients were tested. Rates of testing increased from 0.04 (SD, 0.04) before contingency management implementation to 0.25 (SD, 0.15) after implementation (t8 = -3.88; P = .005; Cohen d = 1.46). CONCLUSIONS Contingency management facilitated uptake of SARS-CoV-2 testing among PWID. Contingency management may be an effective strategy for improving communicable disease testing beyond testing for SARS-CoV-2 and for improving vaccine uptake among PWID and warrants additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C. Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute,
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA,Camille C. Cioffi, PhD, University of
Oregon, Prevention Science Institute, 1600 Millrace Dr, Eugene, OR 97401, USA.
| | - Derek Kosty
- Prevention Science Institute,
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne Marie Mauricio
- Prevention Science Institute,
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA,College of Education, University of
Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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15
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Franz DJ, Cioffi CC. Client Characteristics Associated with Desire for Additional Services at Syringe Exchange Programs. J Subst Use 2022; 27:604-610. [PMID: 36644655 PMCID: PMC9838586 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1967486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between client characteristics and desired services offered at syringe exchange program (SEP) sites among women who inject drugs (WWID). We investigated whether a desire for additional services varied as a function of these client characteristics. Methods A sample of 69 women who were syringe exchange clients participated in a survey about adding services to syringe exchange programs. Three Poisson regression analyses were run to examine if client age, education, housing status, polysubstance use, and previous pregnancies were associated with overall desire for services, desire for health-related services, and desire basic needs services. Results Participant characteristics of polysubstance use (IRR 1.62, 95% CI 1.34-1.96; p < .01) and greater number of previous pregnancies (IRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.22; p < .05), were predictive of a greater number of desired services. Engagement in polysubstance use was predictive of a greater number of desired basic need services (IRR 1.45, 95% CI 1.23-1.70; p < .05). Conclusions WWID desired services at SEP sites can inform policymakers to formulate policies to better promote utilization of health-related and basic need services among WWID and, in turn, facilitate improved outcomes for WWID.
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16
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Cioffi CC, Leve LD, Natsuaki MN, Shaw DS, Reiss D, Ganiban JM, Neiderhiser JM. Examining reciprocal associations between parent depressive symptoms and child internalizing symptoms on subsequent psychiatric disorders: An adoption study. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:1211-1224. [PMID: 34185940 PMCID: PMC8664963 DOI: 10.1002/da.23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dynamic interplay between parent depressive symptoms and child internalizing behavior over time is not well understood. METHODS We used data from a prospective parent-offspring adoption design (N = 561) to examine associations between adoptive parent depressive symptoms and child internalizing behavior when children were ages 18 months, 27 months, 4.5 years, and 6 years, and subsequent child psychiatric disorder symptoms when children were between the ages of 6-8 years. Models also accounted for the contributions of birth parent psychopathology, birth mother depressive symptoms during pregnancy, and infant negative emotionality. Bidirectional associations between adoptive parent depressive symptoms and child internalizing behavior were examined using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model. RESULTS There was evidence for associations between child internalizing behavior and adoptive parent depressive symptoms over time, with mothers' depressive symptoms being a more salient risk factor for child internalizing behavior than fathers'. We found one significant cross-lagged association from adoptive mother depressive symptoms at child age 18 months to child internalizing behavior at age 27 months. Infant negative emotionality (i.e., emotional liability) at age 9 months predicted both child internalizing behavior and adoptive parent depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Results suggest that postnatal maternal depressive symptoms confer specific risks for child internalizing behaviors in toddlerhood and childhood and depressive symptoms in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
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17
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of offering voluntary pregnancy screening at syringe exchange programs using the National Implementation Research Network Hexagon Discussion and Analysis Tool. We conducted a survey among female syringe exchange clients that assessed perceived needs, values, and behavioral intentions for parenting and entering treatment if they received a positive pregnancy screen and surveys among staff and core volunteers to assess organizational fit, capacity, and needed supports. Participants and staff reported that pregnancy screening was needed at syringe exchange and that capacity needs to be expanded to provide services. Pregnancy screening at syringe exchanges holds the potential to lead to early detection of pregnancy. Early detection of pregnancy among women who inject drugs may result in improved prenatal care, including substance use treatment and treatment of infectious diseases, for women who would otherwise be unlikely to receive prenatal care.
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18
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Little EE, Cioffi CC, Bain L, Legare CH, Hahn-Holbrook J. An Infant Carrier Intervention and Breastfeeding Duration: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2020-049717. [PMID: 34193622 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-049717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parent-infant skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth increases initiation and duration of bodyfeeding. We hypothesized that providing ergonomic carriers to parents during pregnancy would increase the likelihood of breastfeeding and expressed human milk feeding through the first 6 months of life. METHODS A randomized two-arm, parallel-group trial was conducted between February 2018 and June 2019 in collaboration with a home-visiting program in a low-income community. At 30 weeks' gestation, 50 parents were randomly assigned to receive an ergonomic infant carrier and instruction on proper use to facilitate increased physical contact with infants (intervention group), and 50 parents were assigned to a waitlist control group. Feeding outcomes were assessed with online surveys at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum. RESULTS Parents in the intervention group were more likely to be breastfeeding or feeding expressed human milk at 6 months (68%) than control group parents (40%; P = .02). No significant differences were detected in feeding outcomes at 6 weeks (intervention: 78% versus control: 81%, P = .76) or 3 months (intervention: 66% versus control: 57%, P = .34). Exclusive human milk feeding did not differ between groups (intervention versus control at 6 weeks: 66% vs 49%, P = .20; 3 months: 45% vs 40%, P = .59; 6 months: 49% vs 26%, P = .06). CONCLUSIONS Infant carriers increased rates of breastfeeding and expressed human milk feeding at 6 months postpartum. Large-scale studies are warranted to further examine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of providing carriers as an intervention to increase access to human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille C Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Lisa Bain
- Project Concern International (PCI), San Diego, California
| | - Cristine H Legare
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, California
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19
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Cioffi CC, DeGarmo DS. Improving Parenting Practices Among Fathers Who Misuse Opioids: Fathering Through Change Intervention. Front Psychol 2021; 12:683008. [PMID: 34234721 PMCID: PMC8255664 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.683008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fathers have been largely neglected in the parenting literature though there is a critical need to improve parenting practices among fathers who misuse opioids in the midst of the opioid epidemic. Urgency is critical to rapidly intervene in the lives of fathers and children to reduce misuse and interrupt intergenerational cycles of substance misuse. Thus, we provide an overview of solutions to adapt existing parenting interventions for fathers who misuse opioids to accelerate the pace of science for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - David S DeGarmo
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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Cioffi CC, Griffin AM, Natsuaki MN, Shaw DS, Reiss D, Ganiban JM, Neiderhiser JM, Leve LD. The role of negative emotionality in the development of child executive function and language abilities from toddlerhood to first grade: An adoption study. Dev Psychol 2021; 57:347-360. [PMID: 33570984 PMCID: PMC7970442 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of negative emotionality in the development of executive functioning (EF) and language skills can help identify developmental windows that may provide promising opportunities for intervention. In addition, because EF and language skills are, in part, genetically influenced, intergenerational transmission patterns are important to consider. The prospective parent-offspring adoption design used in this study provides a unique opportunity to examine the intergenerational transmission of EF and language skills. Participants were 561 children adopted around the time of birth. Accounting for birth mother EF and language contributions, we examined the role of child negative emotionality in toddlerhood (age 9 to 27 months) and childhood (age 4.5 to 7 years) on child EF and language skills in first grade (age 7 years). There was continuity in EF from age 27 months to 7 years, and in language ability from age 27 months to 7 years, with no cross-lagged effects between child EF and language ability. Negative emotionality at age 9 months predicted lower EF and lower language abilities at age 7 years, and growth in negative emotionality from age 4.5 to 7 years predicted lower child EF at age 7 years. Overall, findings suggested that lower negative emotionality at age 9 months was associated with higher toddler and child EF and language skills and that preventing growth in negative emotionality from age 4.5 to 7 years may lead to improvements in child EF. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Cioffi CC, DeGarmo DS, Jones JA. Participation in the Fathering through Change intervention reduces substance use among divorced and separated fathers. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 120:108142. [PMID: 33298294 PMCID: PMC7988963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evaluations of parent training programs have demonstrated beneficial crossover effects in reducing parental substance use. Because divorce is associated with substance use risk and substance use interferes with effective parenting, parent training programs are critically important for divorced fathers but there are few evidence-based programs tailored to fathers. We tested whether an evidence-based parenting program would exhibit beneficial impact on fathers' substance use and whether these changes were mediated by changes in parenting efficacy. We tested hypotheses in a sample of 426 divorced and separated fathers randomly assigned to the online Fathering through Change (FTC) program or the wait-listed control condition. Models specified as 3-month pre-post analyses of self-reported substance use. The FTC was associated with reductions in total substance use (d = 0.14) and drinking (d = 0.26) but not with reductions in tobacco smoking and marijuana use. Data also supported a significant indirect effect for FTC through pre-post changes in parenting efficacy (d = 0.36). We discuss clinical implications for the integration of parent training within substance use treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Dr., Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - David S DeGarmo
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Dr., Eugene, OR 97403, United States.
| | - Jeremy A Jones
- Influents Innovations, 1776 Millrace Dr., Eugene, OR 97403, United States
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22
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Cioffi CC, Leve LD. Substance use disorder treatment, parenting, and COVID-19. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 119:108148. [PMID: 33138931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prior to COVID-19, options for parenting support while receiving substance use disorder (SUD) treatment were limited. The transition to using mobile technology for SUD treatment due to physical distancing during the pandemic may make parenting resources for people with SUDs even more limited. The rapid integration of parenting supports into telehealth and web-based treatment delivery is essential for improving long-term outcomes for families affected by substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Dr., Eugene, OR 97403, United States of America.
| | - Leslie D Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Dr., Eugene, OR 97403, United States of America
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Cioffi CC, Tavalire HF, Neiderhiser JM, Bohannan B, Leve LD. History of breastfeeding but not mode of delivery shapes the gut microbiome in childhood. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235223. [PMID: 32614839 PMCID: PMC7332026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The naïve neonatal gut is sensitive to early life experiences. Events during this critical developmental window may have life-long impacts on the gut microbiota. Two experiences that have been associated with variation in the gut microbiome in infancy are mode of delivery and feeding practices (eg, breastfeeding). It remains unclear whether these early experiences are responsible for microbial differences beyond toddlerhood. AIMS Our study examined whether mode of delivery and infant feeding practices are associated with differences in the child and adolescent microbiome. DESIGN, SUBJECTS, MEASURES We used an adoption-sibling design to compare genetically related siblings who were reared together or apart. Gut microbiome samples were collected from 73 children (M = 11 years, SD = 3 years, range = 3-18 years). Parents reported on child breastfeeding history, age, sex, height, and weight. Mode of delivery was collected through medical records and phone interviews. RESULTS Negative binomial mixed effects models were used to identify whether mode of delivery and feeding practices were related to differences in phylum and genus-level abundance of bacteria found in the gut of child participants. Covariates included age, sex, and body mass index. Genetic relatedness and rearing environment were accounted for as random effects. We observed a significant association between lack of breastfeeding during infancy and a greater number of the genus Bacteroides in stool in childhood and adolescence. CONCLUSION The absence of breastfeeding may impart lasting effects on the gut microbiome well into childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jenae M. Neiderhiser
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Leslie D. Leve
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
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Cioffi CC, Leve LD, Natsuaki MN, Shaw DS, Reiss D, Neiderhiser JM. Does Maternal Warmth Moderate Longitudinal Associations Between Infant Attention Control and Children's Inhibitory Control? Infant Child Dev 2020; 29:e2147. [PMID: 32206043 PMCID: PMC7087485 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Attention control (AC) is thought to play an important role in the development of inhibitory control (IC) in children, yet there are few longitudinal studies of this association. This study used a prospective parent-child adoption design (N = 361 children) to examine whether maternal warmth at child age 27 months moderated the link between AC during infancy and IC during childhood. Tobit regression analyses indicated that low levels of infant AC at 9 months predicted low levels of IC at 6 years, controlling for birth parent IC, prenatal risk, infant distress to limitations, child sex, and openness of adoption. Adoptive mother warmth at 27 months moderated this association. In the context of higher levels of maternal warmth, the longitudinal association between low AC and low IC was attenuated. Thus, high levels of early maternal warmth may help diminish the effects of extant risk for IC deficits.
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Ishaq SL, Rapp M, Byerly R, McClellan LS, O'Boyle MR, Nykanen A, Fuller PJ, Aas C, Stone JM, Killpatrick S, Uptegrove MM, Vischer A, Wolf H, Smallman F, Eymann H, Narode S, Stapleton E, Cioffi CC, Tavalire HF. Framing the discussion of microorganisms as a facet of social equity in human health. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000536. [PMID: 31770370 PMCID: PMC6879114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
What do “microbes” have to do with social equity? These microorganisms are integral to our health, that of our natural environment, and even the “health” of the environments we build. The loss, gain, and retention of microorganisms—their flow between humans and the environment—can greatly impact our health. It is well-known that inequalities in access to perinatal care, healthy foods, quality housing, and the natural environment can create and arise from social inequality. Here, we focus on the argument that access to beneficial microorganisms is a facet of public health, and health inequality may be compounded by inequitable microbial exposure. What do microbes have to do with social equity? This Essay explores the argument that access to beneficial microorganisms is a facet of public health, and that health inequality may be compounded by inequitable microbial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Ishaq
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America.,Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Maurisa Rapp
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America.,Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Risa Byerly
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America.,Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Loretta S McClellan
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Maya R O'Boyle
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Anika Nykanen
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Patrick J Fuller
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America.,Charles H. Lundquist College of Business, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Calvin Aas
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jude M Stone
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Sean Killpatrick
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America.,Charles H. Lundquist College of Business, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Manami M Uptegrove
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alex Vischer
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hannah Wolf
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Fiona Smallman
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Houston Eymann
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America.,School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Simon Narode
- Robert D. Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ellee Stapleton
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Camille C Cioffi
- Counselling Psychology and Human Services, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hannah F Tavalire
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
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Abstract
A public health emergency exists in the United States as a result of rising overdose deaths related to Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). With the rise of OUD has also come an increase in the number of children exposed to parents who suffer from an OUD. There is a pressing need for parenting interventions for individuals with OUD to provide safe environments for the children being reared in the face of this epidemic. Research on parenting with an OUD is sparse, but it is impractical to move linearly from basic research to program development and implementation given the urgent need for intervention - a trajectory that prior research has established takes approximately 17 years. We have created an outline of strategies that can be used to accelerate the pace of science so that parenting practices are more immediately improved for this population. First, we summarize what is already known about OUD and parenting to characterize mechanisms that existing interventions have targeted and optimal settings for the wide dissemination of implementable interventions. Next, we identify existing interventions that either specifically target parents with OUD or mechanisms specific to parents with OUD. We describe four different approaches for accelerating the pace of science to improve the lives of parents with OUD and their children. By doing so, we hope to provide a roadmap for future researchers and practitioners to deliver more timely evidence-based interventions to address the additional burden placed on families and communities due to the rise in OUD in the United States.
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Cioffi CC, Middleton DL, Wilson MR, Miller NW, Clem LW, Warr GW. An IgH Enhancer That Drives Transcription through Basic Helix-Loop-Helix and Oct Transcription Factor Binding Motifs. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:27825-30. [PMID: 11375977 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional enhancer (E(mu)3') of the IgH locus of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, shows strong B cell-specific activity and differs from the mammalian E(mu) enhancer in both location and structure. It occurs between the mu and delta genes and contains numerous transcription factor binding sites, predominantly octamer and muE5 motifs of consensus and variant sequences. It lacks the classical muA-muE3(CBF)-muB core array of binding motifs seen within mammalian IgH E(mu) enhancers. To determine the functionally important motifs, a series of mutant enhancers was created using sequence-targeted polymerase chain reaction. Whereas the mutation of consensus and variant octamer motifs (individually or in multiples) decreased enhancer function, mutation of a single consensus muE5 motif destroyed the function of this enhancer in mammalian plasmacytomas. Mutation of this consensus muE5 site, combined with mutations of certain octamer sites, destroyed function in catfish B cells. Experiments using artificial enhancers containing multimers of motifs or short regions of the native enhancer suggested that the minimal E(mu)3' enhancer (a) contains a consensus muE5 site and two octamer sites, (b) is B cell-specific, and (c) is active across species. The dependence of an Ig enhancer on sites that bind basic helix-loop-helix and Oct transcription factors has not previously been observed and confirms large differences in structure and function between fish and mammalian IgH enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Cioffi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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