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Benaim EH, Worden CP, Bantumilli S, Ramjee VG, Zdanski CJ. Large Nasopharyngeal Hairy Polyp Causing Immediate Respiratory Distress at Birth. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 38554073 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
This article presents a rare case of a large hairy polyp, a developmental malformation causing a benign tumor, within the nasopharynx. The patient, born with the polyp obstructing the airway, required immediate intubation and a combined transnasal-transoral surgical approach for excision. The case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing such polyps, emphasizing the importance of imaging for surgical planning, and the consideration of multiple approaches to ensure complete resection and prevent recurrence. Laryngoscope, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezer H Benaim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Cameron P Worden
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Surekha Bantumilli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Vikram G Ramjee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
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2
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Moatti A, Connard S, De Britto N, Dunn WA, Rastogi S, Rai M, Schnabel LV, Ligler FS, Hutson KA, Fitzpatrick DC, Salt A, Zdanski CJ, Greenbaum A. Surgical procedure of intratympanic injection and inner ear pharmacokinetics simulation in domestic pigs. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1348172. [PMID: 38344174 PMCID: PMC10853450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1348172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: One major obstacle in validating drugs for the treatment or prevention of hearing loss is the limited data available on the distribution and concentration of drugs in the human inner ear. Although small animal models offer some insights into inner ear pharmacokinetics, their smaller organ size and different barrier (round window membrane) permeabilities compared to humans can complicate study interpretation. Therefore, developing a reliable large animal model for inner ear drug delivery is crucial. The inner and middle ear anatomy of domestic pigs closely resembles that of humans, making them promising candidates for studying inner ear pharmacokinetics. However, unlike humans, the anatomical orientation and tortuosity of the porcine external ear canal frustrates local drug delivery to the inner ear. Methods: In this study, we developed a surgical technique to access the tympanic membrane of pigs. To assess hearing pre- and post-surgery, auditory brainstem responses to click and pure tones were measured. Additionally, we performed 3D segmentation of the porcine inner ear images and used this data to simulate the diffusion of dexamethasone within the inner ear through fluid simulation software (FluidSim). Results: We have successfully delivered dexamethasone and dexamethasone sodium phosphate to the porcine inner ear via the intratympanic injection. The recorded auditory brainstem measurements revealed no adverse effects on hearing thresholds attributable to the surgery. We have also simulated the diffusion rates for dexamethasone and dexamethasone sodium phosphate into the porcine inner ear and confirmed the accuracy of the simulations using in-vivo data. Discussion: We have developed and characterized a method for conducting pharmacokinetic studies of the inner ear using pigs. This animal model closely mirrors the size of the human cochlea and the thickness of its barriers. The diffusion time and drug concentrations we reported align closely with the limited data available from human studies. Therefore, we have demonstrated the potential of using pigs as a large animal model for studying inner ear pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Moatti
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Shannon Connard
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Novietta De Britto
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - William A. Dunn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Srishti Rastogi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mani Rai
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Lauren V. Schnabel
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Frances S. Ligler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kendall A. Hutson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Douglas C. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alec Salt
- Tuner Scientific, Jacksonville, IL, United States
| | - Carlton J. Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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3
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Stack TJ, Carrasco MC, Shah J, Zdanski CJ, Roberts J. Interarytenoid injection outcomes in pediatric feeding disorders. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:1421-1427. [PMID: 37899882 PMCID: PMC10601555 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Type 1 laryngeal clefts (LC1) and deep interarytenoid grooves contribute to pediatric feeding disorders. Management of these defects remains heterogeneous among surgeons and interarytenoid injection augmentation (IIA) is not always offered as a treatment option. This study evaluated IIA outcomes among a pediatric patient cohort comprised mostly of those with deep interarytenoid grooves. Methods A single-institution retrospective chart review featured children under the age of 5 years presenting for aspiration, dysphagia, or choking. Over the period of 7 years (January 2014-October 2021), 39 met inclusion criteria and had sufficient follow-up data. Descriptive statistics and subgroup analyses were performed. Results Of the 39 included patients, 76.92% had clinical improvement post-injection, with the mean time to follow-up being 47 days. Within the deep interarytenoid groove group, improvement rates were 82.76%. Bronchoscopy findings revealed 29 (74.36%) patients with a DIG, 3 (7.69%) with LC1, 3 (7.69%) with no anatomic abnormality, and 4 (10.26%) with vocal cord paralysis. There were no adverse events. There were no associations with the outcomes based on subgroup analysis and logistic regression. Conclusions IIA is an effective and safe treatment for pediatric feeding disorders. No covariates were associated with symptom improvement. Within the deep interarytenoid groove diagnosis subgroup, IIA effectively improved symptoms. Further investigations are needed to explore predictors of success with IIA in this population. Level of Evidence VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Stack
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Joel Shah
- Liberty University College of Osteopathic MedicineLynchburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Carlton J. Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jason Roberts
- Asheville Ear Nose & ThroatAshevilleNorth CarolinaUSA
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4
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Moatti A, Silkstone D, Martin T, Abbey K, Hutson KA, Fitzpatrick DC, Zdanski CJ, Cheng AG, Ligler FS, Greenbaum A. Assessment of drug permeability through an ex vivo porcine round window membrane model. iScience 2023; 26:106789. [PMID: 37213232 PMCID: PMC10197016 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of pharmaceutical therapeutics to the inner ear to treat and prevent hearing loss is challenging. Systemic delivery is not effective as only a small fraction of the therapeutic agent reaches the inner ear. Invasive surgeries to inject through the round window membrane (RWM) or cochleostomy may cause damage to the inner ear. An alternative approach is to administer drugs into the middle ear using an intratympanic injection, with the drugs primarily passing through the RWM to the inner ear. However, the RWM is a barrier, only permeable to a small number of molecules. To study and enhance the RWM permeability, we developed an ex vivo porcine RWM model, similar in structure and thickness to the human RWM. The model is viable for days, and drug passage can be measured at multiple time points. This model provides a straightforward approach to developing effective and non-invasive delivery methods to the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Moatti
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Dylan Silkstone
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Taylor Martin
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Keith Abbey
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Kendall A Hutson
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Douglas C Fitzpatrick
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Corresponding author
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5
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Lam AS, Bindschadler MD, Evans KN, Friedman SD, Blessing MS, Bly R, Cunningham ML, Egbert MA, Ettinger RE, Gallagher ER, Hopper RA, Johnson K, Perkins JA, Romberg EK, Sie KCY, Susarla SM, Zdanski CJ, Wang X, Otjen JP, Perez FA, Dahl JP. Accuracy and Reliability of 4D-CT and Flexible Laryngoscopy in Upper Airway Evaluation in Robin Sequence. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 166:760-767. [PMID: 34253111 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211027353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of 4-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) in assessing upper airway obstruction (UAO) in patients with Robin sequence (RS) and compare the accuracy and reliability of 4D-CT and flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy (FFL). STUDY DESIGN Prospective survey of retrospective clinical data. SETTING Single, tertiary care pediatric hospital. METHODS At initial and 30-day time points, a multidisciplinary group of 11 clinicians who treat RS rated UAO severity in 32 sets of 4D-CT visualizations and FFL videos (dynamic modalities) and static CT images. Raters assessed UAO at the velopharynx and oropharynx (1 = none to 5 = complete) and noted confidence levels of each rating. Intraclass correlation and Krippendorff alpha were used to assess intra- and interrater reliability, respectively. Accuracy was assessed by comparing clinician ratings with quantitative percentage constriction (QPC) ratings, calculated based on 4D-CT airway cross-sectional area. Results were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum and signed-rank tests. RESULTS There was similar intrarater agreement (moderate to substantial) with 4D-CT and FFL, and both demonstrated fair interrater agreement. Both modalities underestimated UAO severity, although 4D-CT ratings were significantly more accurate, as determined by QPC similarity, than FFL (-1.06 and -1.46 vs QPC ratings, P = .004). Overall confidence levels were similar for 4D-CT and FFL, but other specialists were significantly less confident in FFL ratings than were otolaryngologists (2.25 and 3.92, P < .0001). CONCLUSION Although 4D-CT may be more accurate in assessing the degree of UAO in patients with RS, 4D-CT and FFL assessments demonstrate similar reliability. Additionally, 4D-CT may be interpreted with greater confidence by nonotolaryngologists who care for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin S Lam
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael D Bindschadler
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelly N Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Seth D Friedman
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew S Blessing
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Randall Bly
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael L Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark A Egbert
- Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Russell E Ettinger
- Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily R Gallagher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard A Hopper
- Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kaalan Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan A Perkins
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin K Romberg
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen C Y Sie
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Srinivas M Susarla
- Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Analytics in Research (BEAR) Core, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Otjen
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Francisco A Perez
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John P Dahl
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
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6
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Logjes RJH, MacLean JE, de Cort NW, Poets CF, Abadie V, Joosten KFM, Resnick CM, Trindade-Suedam IK, Zdanski CJ, Forrest CR, Kruisinga FH, Flores RL, Evans KN, Breugem CC. Objective measurements for upper airway obstruction in infants with Robin sequence: what are we measuring? A systematic review. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:1717-1729. [PMID: 33960296 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Identifying optimal treatment for infants with Robin sequence (RS) is challenging due to substantial variability in the presentation of upper airway obstruction (UAO) in this population. Objective assessments of UAO and treatments are not standardized. A systematic review of objective measures of UAO was conducted as step towards evidence based clinical decision making for RS. METHODS A literature search was performed in Pubmed and Embase databases (1990-2020) following PRISMA-guidelines. Articles reporting on RS and UAO-treatment were included if the following objective measures were studied: oximetry, polysomnography and blood gas. Quality was appraised by methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS, range:0-24). RESULTS A total of 91 articles met inclusion criteria. Mean MINORS-score was 7.1 (range:3-14). Polysomnography was most frequently used (76%) followed by oximetry (20%) and blood gas (11%). Sleep position of the infant was reported in 35% of studies, with supine position most frequently, and monitoring time in 42%, including overnight recordings in more than half. Of 71 studies that evaluated UAO-interventions, the majority used polysomnography (90%), of which 61% did not specify the polysomnography technique. Reported polysomnography metrics included oxygen saturation (61%), apnea-hypopnea index (52%), carbon dioxide levels (31%), obstructive-apnea-hypopnea index (27%), and oxygen-desaturation-index (16%). Only 42 studies reported indications for UAO-intervention, with oximetry and polysomnography thresholds used equally (both 40%). In total, 34 distinct indications for treatment were identified. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrates a lack of standardization, interpretation and reporting of assessment and treatment indications for UAO in RS. An international, multidisciplinary consensus protocol is needed to guide clinicians on optimal UAO assessment in RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht J H Logjes
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location AMC & VU, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna E MacLean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Alberta, Canada
| | - Noor W de Cort
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F Poets
- Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Véronique Abadie
- Department of General Pediatrics, Necker University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Koen F M Joosten
- Department Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cory M Resnick
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Ivy K Trindade-Suedam
- Sleep Unit, Laboratory of Physiology, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Christopher R Forrest
- Division Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Frea H Kruisinga
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location AMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto L Flores
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Kelly N Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Craniofacial Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Corstiaan C Breugem
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location AMC & VU, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Lam AS, Bindschadler MD, Evans KN, Friedman SD, Otjen JP, Zdanski CJ, Perez FA, Dahl JP. 4D Computed Tomography for Dynamic Upper Airway Evaluation in Robin Sequence. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 165:905-908. [PMID: 33689485 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thorough assessment of dynamic upper airway obstruction (UAO) in Robin sequence (RS) is critical, but traditional evaluation modalities have significant limitations. Four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) is promising in that it enables objective and quantitative evaluation throughout all phases of respiration. However, there exist few protocols or analysis tools to assist in obtaining and interpreting the vast amounts of obtained data. A protocol and set of data analysis tools were developed to enable quantification and visualization of dynamic 4D-CT data. This methodology was applied to a sample case at 2 time points. In the patient with RS, overall increases in normalized airway caliber were observed from 5 weeks to 1 year. There was, however, continued dynamic obstruction at all airway levels, though objective measures of UAO did improve at the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Use of 4D-CT and novel analyses provide additional quantitative information to evaluate UAO in patients with RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin S Lam
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael D Bindschadler
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelly N Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Seth D Friedman
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Otjen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Francisco A Perez
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John P Dahl
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
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8
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Sidell DR, Balakrishnan K, Best SR, Zur K, Buckingham J, De Alarcon A, Baroody FM, Bock JM, Boss EF, Bower CM, Campisi P, Chen SF, Clarke JM, Clarke KD, Cocciaglia A, Cotton RT, Cuestas G, Davis KL, DeFago VH, Dikkers FG, Dossans I, Florez W, Fox E, Friedman AD, Grant N, Hamdi O, Hogikyan ND, Johnson K, Johnson LB, Johnson RF, Kelly P, Klein AM, Lawlor CM, Leboulanger N, Levy AG, Lam D, Licameli GR, Long S, Lott DG, Manrique D, McMurray JS, Meister KD, Messner AH, Mohr M, Mudd P, Mortelliti AJ, Novakovic D, Ongkasuwan J, Peer S, Piersiala K, Prager JD, Pransky SM, Preciado D, Raynor T, Rinkel RNPM, Rodriguez H, Rodríguez VP, Russell J, Scatolini ML, Scheffler P, Smith DF, Smith LP, Smith ME, Smith RJH, Sorom A, Steinberg A, Stith JA, Thompson D, Thompson JW, Varela P, White DR, Wineland AM, Yang CJ, Zdanski CJ, Derkay CS. Systemic Bevacizumab for Treatment of Respiratory Papillomatosis: International Consensus Statement. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:E1941-E1949. [PMID: 33405268 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study is to develop consensus on key points that would support the use of systemic bevacizumab for the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), and to provide preliminary guidance surrounding the use of this treatment modality. STUDY DESIGN Delphi method-based survey series. METHODS A multidisciplinary, multi-institutional panel of physicians with experience using systemic bevacizumab for the treatment of RRP was established. The Delphi method was used to identify and obtain consensus on characteristics associated with systemic bevacizumab use across five domains: 1) patient characteristics; 2) disease characteristics; 3) treating center characteristics; 4) prior treatment characteristics; and 5) prior work-up. RESULTS The international panel was composed of 70 experts from 12 countries, representing pediatric and adult otolaryngology, hematology/oncology, infectious diseases, pediatric surgery, family medicine, and epidemiology. A total of 189 items were identified, of which consensus was achieved on Patient Characteristics (9), Disease Characteristics (10), Treatment Center Characteristics (22), and Prior Workup Characteristics (18). CONCLUSION This consensus statement provides a useful starting point for clinicians and centers hoping to offer systemic bevacizumab for RRP and may serve as a framework to assess the components of practices and centers currently using this therapy. We hope to provide a strategy to offer the treatment and also to provide a springboard for bevacizumab's use in combination with other RRP treatment protocols. Standardized delivery systems may facilitate research efforts and provide dosing regimens to help shape best-practice applications of systemic bevacizumab for patients with early-onset or less-severe disease phenotypes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5 Laryngoscope, 131:E1941-E1949, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Sidell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A.,Aerodigestive and Airway Reconstruction Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Karthik Balakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A.,Aerodigestive and Airway Reconstruction Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Simon R Best
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Laryngology, and, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Karen Zur
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Julia Buckingham
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Alessandro De Alarcon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Fuad M Baroody
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medicine and The Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan M Bock
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Division of Laryngology and Professional Voice, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Emily F Boss
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Department of Health Policy and Management, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Charles M Bower
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Alaska, U.S.A
| | - Paolo Campisi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharon F Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey M Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Kevin D Clarke
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia (UBC, UVIc), Victoria General Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alejandro Cocciaglia
- ENT-Respiratory Endoscopy Department, Garrahan Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Robin T Cotton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Giselle Cuestas
- Respiratory Endoscopy Section, ENT Department, Hospital General de Niños "Dr. Pedro de Elizalde", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kara L Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Victor H DeFago
- Pediatric Surgery, Sanatorio del Salvador Privado SA, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Frederik G Dikkers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ines Dossans
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Walter Florez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - Elizabeth Fox
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Aaron D Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Nazaneen Grant
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Laryngology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Osama Hamdi
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Norman D Hogikyan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Kaalan Johnson
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Liane B Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Division of Paediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Romaine F Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Peggy Kelly
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado affiliated with University of Colorado, Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Adam M Klein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Laryngology, Emory Voice Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Claire M Lawlor
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Nicolas Leboulanger
- Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Alejandro G Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Arnold Palmer Hospital Center for Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, Orlando Health, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Derek Lam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Greg R Licameli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Steve Long
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Hillsboro, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - David G Lott
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Laryngology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Dayse Manrique
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Universidad Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Scott McMurray
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Kara D Meister
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A.,Aerodigestive and Airway Reconstruction Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Anna H Messner
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Michael Mohr
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Pamela Mudd
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Anthony J Mortelliti
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A
| | - Daniel Novakovic
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, The Canterbury Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian Ongkasuwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Adult and Pediatric Laryngology, Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Shazia Peer
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Krysztof Piersiala
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeremy D Prager
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado affiliated with University of Colorado, Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | | | - Diego Preciado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Tiffany Raynor
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Rico N P M Rinkel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Rodriguez
- Respiratory Endoscopy Department, Hospital de Pediatria Prof Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica P Rodríguez
- Respiratory Endoscopy Section, ENT Department, Hospital General de Niños "Dr. Pedro de Elizalde", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - John Russell
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - María Laura Scatolini
- Respiratory Endoscopy Department, Hospital de Pediatria Prof Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patrick Scheffler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - David F Smith
- Divisions of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Pulmonary Medicine, and the Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Lee P Smith
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York, U.S.A
| | - Marshall E Smith
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.A
| | - Abraham Sorom
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Confluence Health, Wenatchee, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Amalia Steinberg
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Alaska Native Medical center, Anchorage, Alaska, U.S.A
| | - John A Stith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Dana Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Jerome W Thompson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric ENT, LeBonheur Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Tennnessee, Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Patricio Varela
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Universidad de Chile, Mackenna Children Hospital, Clinica Las Condes Medical center, Santiago, Chile
| | - David R White
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Andre M Wineland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Department of Health Policy and Management, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Christina J Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, North Carolina Children's Hospital, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A
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9
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Dorismond C, Farzal Z, Thompson NJ, Lee SE, Zdanski CJ. Readability analysis of pediatric otolaryngology patient-reported outcome measures. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 140:110550. [PMID: 33316760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (s): Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are tools that allow patients to directly share information about their health with their healthcare provider. Health literacy experts recommend that health information, such as PROMs, be written at a 6th grade level to ensure patients can read and comprehend it. As the readability of PROMs used in pediatric otolaryngology has yet to be studied, our goal was to analyze the readability of these PROMs and assess their compliance with readability recommendations. METHODS The Gunning Fog, the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and the FORCAST readability formulas were used to determine the readability of disease-specific PROMs for pediatric otolaryngology. RESULTS Fourteen PROMs were reviewed in the study. Most were intended for caregiver completion (n = 13, 92.9%). Ten PROMs when measured by Gunning Fog (71.4%), 2 PROMs when measured by SMOG (14.3%), and 0 PROMs when measured by FORCAST (0.0%) were at or below the 6th grade reading level. CONCLUSION Most PROMs available for use in pediatric otolaryngology are above the recommended 6th grade reading level when measured by FORCAST, the most appropriate metric for assessing questionnaires. The high reading grade level needed to complete these PROMs can contribute to health disparities among underserved and vulnerable populations, such as children. Pediatric otolaryngology PROMs developed in the future should take readability into account in order to ensure equity in the delivery of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dorismond
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA.
| | - Zainab Farzal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box #7070, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nicholas J Thompson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box #7070, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Saangyoung E Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box #7070, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box #7070, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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10
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Puricelli MD, Rahbar R, Allen GC, Balakrishnan K, Brigger MT, Daniel SJ, Fayoux P, Goudy S, Hewitt R, Hsu WC, Ida JB, Johnson R, Leboulanger N, Rickert SM, Roy S, Russell J, Rutter M, Sidell D, Soma M, Thierry B, Trozzi M, Zalzal G, Zdanski CJ, Smith RJH. International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG): Consensus recommendations on the prenatal and perinatal management of anticipated airway obstruction. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 138:110281. [PMID: 32891939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To make recommendations on the identification, routine evaluation, and management of fetuses at risk for airway compromise at delivery. METHODS Recommendations are based on expert opinion by members of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG). A two-iterative Delphi method questionnaire was distributed to all members of the IPOG and responses recorded. The respondents were given the opportunity to comment on the content and format of the survey, which was modified for the second round. "Consensus" was defined by >80% respondent affirmative responses, "agreement" by 51-80% affirmative responses, and "no agreement" by 50% or less affirmative responses. RESULTS Recommendations are provided regarding etiologies of perinatal airway obstruction, imaging evaluation, adjunct evaluation, multidisciplinary team and decision factors, micrognathia management, congenital high airway obstruction syndrome management, head and neck mass management, attended delivery procedure, and delivery on placental support procedure. CONCLUSIONS Thorough evaluation and thoughtful decision making are required to optimally balance fetal and maternal risks/benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Puricelli
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Reza Rahbar
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory C Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Karthik Balakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T Brigger
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sam J Daniel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierre Fayoux
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Steven Goudy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard Hewitt
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Wei-Chung Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan B Ida
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Romaine Johnson
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Leboulanger
- Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Scott M Rickert
- Department of Otolaryngology, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soham Roy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Texas - Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Russell
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Childrens Health Ireland, Crumlin, Ireland
| | - Michael Rutter
- FRACS, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Douglas Sidell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marlene Soma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Briac Thierry
- Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Marilena Trozzi
- Airway Surgery Unit, Pediatric Surgery Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome (IT), Italy
| | - George Zalzal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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11
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Faucett EA, Wolter NE, Balakrishnan K, Ishman SL, Mehta D, Parikh S, Nguyen LHP, Preciado D, Rutter MJ, Prager JD, Green GE, Pransky SM, Elluru R, Husein M, Roy S, Johnson KE, Friedberg J, Johnson RF, Bauman NM, Myer CM, Deutsch ES, Gantwerker EA, Willging JP, Hart CK, Chun RH, Lam DJ, Ida JB, Manoukian JJ, White DR, Sidell DR, Wootten CT, Inglis AF, Derkay CS, Zalzal G, Molter DW, Ludemann JP, Choi S, Schraff S, Myer CM, Cotton RT, Vijayasekaran S, Zdanski CJ, El-Hakim H, Shah UK, Soma MA, Smith ME, Thompson DM, Javia LR, Zur KB, Sobol SE, Hartnick CJ, Rahbar R, Vaccani JP, Hartley B, Daniel SJ, Jacobs IN, Richter GT, de Alarcon A, Bromwich MA, Propst EJ. Competency-Based Assessment Tool for Pediatric Esophagoscopy: International Modified Delphi Consensus. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:1168-1174. [PMID: 33034397 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Create a competency-based assessment tool for pediatric esophagoscopy with foreign body removal. STUDY DESIGN Blinded modified Delphi consensus process. SETTING Tertiary care center. METHODS A list of 25 potential items was sent via the Research Electronic Data Capture database to 66 expert surgeons who perform pediatric esophagoscopy. In the first round, items were rated as "keep" or "remove" and comments were incorporated. In the second round, experts rated the importance of each item on a seven-point Likert scale. Consensus was determined with a goal of 7 to 25 final items. RESULTS The response rate was 38/64 (59.4%) in the first round and returned questionnaires were 100% complete. Experts wanted to "keep" all items and 172 comments were incorporated. Twenty-four task-specific and 7 previously-validated global rating items were distributed in the second round, and the response rate was 53/64 (82.8%) with questionnaires returned 97.5% complete. Of the task-specific items, 9 reached consensus, 7 were near consensus, and 8 did not achieve consensus. For global rating items that were previously validated, 6 reached consensus and 1 was near consensus. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to reach consensus about the important steps involved in rigid esophagoscopy with foreign body removal using a modified Delphi consensus technique. These items can now be considered when evaluating trainees during this procedure. This tool may allow trainees to focus on important steps of the procedure and help training programs standardize how trainees are evaluated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5. Laryngoscope, 131:1168-1174, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynne A Faucett
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Department of Child Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.,College of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Nikolaus E Wolter
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karthik Balakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
| | - Stacey L Ishman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Deepak Mehta
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Sanjay Parikh
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Lily H P Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diego Preciado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Division of Otolaryngology, George Washington University Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Michael J Rutter
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy D Prager
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Glenn E Green
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Seth M Pransky
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, U.S.A
| | - Ravi Elluru
- Division of Otolaryngology, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Murad Husein
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Victoria Hospital, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soham Roy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Texas at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Kaalan E Johnson
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Jacob Friedberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Romaine F Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Nancy M Bauman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Division of Otolaryngology, George Washington University Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Charles M Myer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Ellen S Deutsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Eric A Gantwerker
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - J Paul Willging
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Catherine K Hart
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Robert H Chun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Campus, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Derek J Lam
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan B Ida
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - John J Manoukian
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David R White
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Douglas R Sidell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
| | - Christopher T Wootten
- Division of Otolaryngology, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Andrew F Inglis
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - George Zalzal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Division of Otolaryngology, George Washington University Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - David W Molter
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey P Ludemann
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sukgi Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Scott Schraff
- Arizona Otolaryngology Consultants, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Charles M Myer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Robin T Cotton
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Shyan Vijayasekaran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Hamdy El-Hakim
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, The Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Udayan K Shah
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A
| | - Marlene A Soma
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marshall E Smith
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Dana M Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Luv Ram Javia
- Division of Otolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Karen B Zur
- Division of Otolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Steven E Sobol
- Division of Otolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Christopher J Hartnick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Reza Rahbar
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Jean-Philippe Vaccani
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, CHEO, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Hartley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam J Daniel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ian N Jacobs
- Division of Otolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Gresham T Richter
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A
| | - Alessandro de Alarcon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Matthew A Bromwich
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, CHEO, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan J Propst
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Simon F, Peer S, Michel J, Bruce IA, Cherkes M, Denoyelle F, Fagan JJ, Harish M, Hong P, James A, Jia H, Krishnan PV, Maunsell R, Modi VK, Nguyen Y, Parikh SR, Patel N, Pullens B, Russo G, Rutter MJ, Sargi Z, Shaye D, Sowerby LJ, Yung M, Zdanski CJ, Teissier N, Fakhry N. IVORY Guidelines (Instructional Videos in Otorhinolaryngology by YO-IFOS): A Consensus on Surgical Videos in Ear, Nose, and Throat. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:E732-E737. [PMID: 33270236 PMCID: PMC7891442 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives/Hypothesis Otolaryngology instructional videos available online are often of poor quality. The objective of this article was to establish international consensus recommendations for the production of educational surgical videos in otolaryngology. Study Design DELPHI survey. Methods Twenty‐seven international respondents participated in this study from 12 countries. Consensus was reached after three rounds of questionnaires following the Delphi methodology. The proposals having reached the 80% agreement threshold in the third round were retained. Results The main recommendations are as follows: 1) Ethics: patients must be anonymized and unrecognizable (apart from plastic surgery if necessary). A signed authorization must be obtained if the person is recognizable. 2) Technical aspects: videos should be edited and in high‐definition (HD) quality if possible. Narration or subtitles and didactic illustrations are recommended. 3) Case presentation: name of pathology and procedure must be specified; the case should be presented with relevant workup. 4) Surgery: surgical procedures should be divided into several distinct stages and include tips and pitfalls. Pathology should be shown if relevant. Key points should be detailed at the end of the procedure. 5) Organ‐specific: type of approach and bilateral audiometry should be specified in otology. Coronal plane computed tomography scans should be shown in endonasal surgery. It is recommended to show pre‐ and postoperative videos in voice surgery and preoperative drawings and photos of scars in plastic surgery, as well as the ventilation method in airway surgery. Conclusions International recommendations have been determined to assist in the creation and standardization of educational surgical videos in otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. Level of Evidence 5 Laryngoscope, 131:E732–E737, 2021
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Affiliation(s)
- François Simon
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Necker-Sick Children's Hospital, AP-HP-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Shazia Peer
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Cape Town and Red Cross Children's Hospital, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Justin Michel
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Aix Marseille University, APHM, University Institute of Industrial Thermal Systems, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Iain A Bruce
- Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maryana Cherkes
- Departement of Otolaryngology, Lviv City Children's Clinical Hospital, Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Françoise Denoyelle
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Necker-Sick Children's Hospital, AP-HP-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Johannes J Fagan
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Cape Town and Red Cross Children's Hospital, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | - Paul Hong
- Department of Surgery, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adrian James
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huan Jia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - P Vijaya Krishnan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Madras Ear Nose and Throat Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rebecca Maunsell
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vikash K Modi
- Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Yann Nguyen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Robotic and surgical innovation research group, Inserm, Pasteur, "Innovative Technologies and Translational Therapeutics for Deafness," Hearing Institute, Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sanjay R Parikh
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Nirmal Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Sydney and Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bas Pullens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gennaro Russo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael J Rutter
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Aerodigestive and Esophageal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Zoukaa Sargi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
| | - David Shaye
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Leigh J Sowerby
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Yung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ipswich Hospital, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Natacha Teissier
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Fakhry
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Aix Marseille University, APHM, Language and Speech Laboratory, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
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13
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Propst EJ, Wolter NE, Ishman SL, Balakrishnan K, Deonarain AR, Mehta D, Zalzal G, Pransky SM, Roy S, Myer CM, Torre M, Johnson RF, Ludemann JP, Derkay CS, Chun RH, Hong P, Molter DW, Prager JD, Nguyen LHP, Rutter MJ, Myer CM, Zur KB, Sidell DR, Johnson LB, Cotton RT, Hart CK, Willging JP, Zdanski CJ, Manoukian JJ, Lam DJ, Bauman NM, Gantwerker EA, Husein M, Inglis AF, Green GE, Javia LR, Schraff S, Soma MA, Deutsch ES, Sobol SE, Ida JB, Choi S, Uwiera TC, Shah UK, White DR, Wootten CT, El-Hakim H, Bromwich MA, Richter GT, Vijayasekaran S, Smith ME, Vaccani JP, Hartnick CJ, Faucett EA. Competency-Based Assessment Tool for Pediatric Tracheotomy: International Modified Delphi Consensus. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:2700-2707. [PMID: 31821571 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Create a competency-based assessment tool for pediatric tracheotomy. STUDY DESIGN Blinded, modified, Delphi consensus process. METHODS Using the REDCap database, a list of 31 potential items was circulated to 65 expert surgeons who perform pediatric tracheotomy. In the first round, items were rated as "keep" or "remove," and comments were incorporated. In the second round, experts were asked to rate the importance of each item on a seven-point Likert scale. Consensus criteria were determined a priori with a goal of 7 to 25 final items. RESULTS The first round achieved a response rate of 39/65 (60.0%), and returned questionnaires were 99.5% complete. All items were rated as "keep," and 137 comments were incorporated. In the second round, 30 task-specific and seven previously validated global rating items were distributed, and the response rate was 44/65 (67.7%), with returned questionnaires being 99.3% complete. Of the Task-Specific Items, 13 reached consensus, 10 were near consensus, and 7 did not achieve consensus. For the 7 previously validated global rating items, 5 reached consensus and two were near consensus. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to reach consensus on the important steps involved in pediatric tracheotomy using a modified Delphi consensus process. These items can now be considered to create a competency-based assessment tool for pediatric tracheotomy. Such a tool will hopefully allow trainees to focus on the important aspects of this procedure and help teaching programs standardize how they evaluate trainees during this procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5 Laryngoscope, 130:2700-2707, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Propst
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikolaus E Wolter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey L Ishman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Karthik Balakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Mayo Children's Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Ashley R Deonarain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepak Mehta
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - George Zalzal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Division of Otolaryngology, George Washington University Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Seth M Pransky
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, U.S.A
| | - Soham Roy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Texas at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Charles M Myer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Michele Torre
- Airway Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Romaine F Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey P Ludemann
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - Robert H Chun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Campus, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Paul Hong
- Division of Otolaryngology, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David W Molter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy D Prager
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Lily H P Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael J Rutter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Charles M Myer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Karen B Zur
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Douglas R Sidell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
| | - Liane B Johnson
- Division of Otolaryngology, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robin T Cotton
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Catherine K Hart
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - J Paul Willging
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - John J Manoukian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Derek J Lam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Nancy M Bauman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Division of Otolaryngology, George Washington University Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Eric A Gantwerker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Murad Husein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Victoria Hospital, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew F Inglis
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Glenn E Green
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Luv Ram Javia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Scott Schraff
- Arizona Otolaryngology Consultants, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Marlene A Soma
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ellen S Deutsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Steven E Sobol
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan B Ida
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Sukgi Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Trina C Uwiera
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, The Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Udayan K Shah
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A
| | - David R White
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Christopher T Wootten
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Hamdy El-Hakim
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, The Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew A Bromwich
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gresham T Richter
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A
| | - Shyan Vijayasekaran
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marshall E Smith
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Jean-Philippe Vaccani
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J Hartnick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Erynne A Faucett
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
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Cook QS, Zdanski CJ, Burkhart CN, Googe PB, Thompson P, Wu EY. Idiopathic, Refractory Sweet's Syndrome Associated with Common Variable Immunodeficiency: a Case Report and Literature Review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019; 19:32. [PMID: 31089823 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-019-0864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sweet's syndrome (SS) is classically considered a hypersensitivity reaction often associated with autoimmune disorders and malignancy. SS has also been increasingly reported to occur with immunodeficiencies. We present a case of treatment-refractory, systemic SS as the initial manifestation in a young child with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). We also review current literature about SS and concurrent immunodeficiencies and autoimmunity in CVID patients. RECENT FINDINGS Few case reports exist regarding the co-occurrence of Sweet's syndrome and primary immunodeficiencies. SS is characterized by a pro-inflammatory state with a neutrophil predominance resulting in a spectrum of clinical manifestations. CVID is a multifactorial antibody deficiency that can be associated with autoimmunity, which some studies have proposed to be secondary to altered CD21 expression. SS occurring in patients with CVID has been infrequently reported, and one case study demonstrated improvement of Sweet's associated skin lesions with immunoglobulin replacement. In our case, the patient had multi-system SS refractory to multiple immunomodulatory therapies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effective and safe use of intravenous tocilizumab and oral lenalidomide to treat SS in a child with CVID. Immunoglobulin replacement reduced the frequency of infections and may have contributed to the opportunity to wean the immunosuppressive therapies for Sweet's syndrome. Sweet's syndrome as an initial manifestation of co-occurring immunodeficiencies is rare, and providers need a high index of suspicion. In addition, treatment of SS associated with an immunodeficiency can be a challenge. Treatment with immunoglobulin replacement reduces the frequency of infections, and in some patients with concurrent SS may improve skin lesions and reduce the need for immunomodulator therapy. Further study is necessary to better understand the pathogenesis of CVID in patients with SS and to identify possible biomarkers that predict who with SS are at risk for developing hypogammaglobulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quindelyn S Cook
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3300 Thurston Building, CB 7280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7280, USA.
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Craig N Burkhart
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul B Googe
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eveline Y Wu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3300 Thurston Building, CB 7280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7280, USA
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15
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Rawal RB, Farquhar DR, Kilpatrick LA, Drake AF, Zdanski CJ. Considering a Weight Criterion for Neonatal Tracheostomy: An Analysis of the ACS NSQIP-P. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:500-505. [PMID: 30194839 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neonates weighing < 2.5 kg have known higher rates of surgical mortality and morbidity, but this remains unexamined specifically for tracheostomy. We present outcomes of neonates undergoing tracheostomy stratified by weight. METHODS Retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric from 2012 to 2014. Patients undergoing tracheostomy were included. Thirty-day mortality and major/minor complication rates were stratified by weight (group 1: < 2.5 kg; group 2: ≥ 2.5 kg and < 4 kg; group 3: ≥ 4 kg). Patient comorbidities were assessed for independent risk factors of morbidity and mortality. RESULTS Of 183,233 patients, 543 underwent tracheostomy. Forty-four patients were group 1 (mean: 2.2 kg ± 0.25); 170 patients were group 2 (mean: 3.31 kg ± 0.42); and 329 patients were group 3 (mean: 6.4 kg ± 2.7). Between groups 1 and 2, there were no significant differences in mortality (P = 0.47), major complication rates (P = 0.99), or minor complication rates (P = 0.64). In comparing all three groups, there were no significant differences in mortality (P = 0.47), major complication rates (P = 0.80), or minor complication rates (P = 0.77). The overall 30-day mortality for all patients was 4.24%. In a multivariate logistical regression model, weight group did not change the odds of all negative outcomes (group 1: odds ratio [OR] of 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-1.53 and group 2: OR of 0.78; 95% CI, 0.50-1.22). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was the only independent significant predictor of major complications (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.02-2.79) (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that 30-day mortality and morbidity outcomes for neonatal tracheostomy are not affected by weight. Overall 30-day mortality should be discussed with caregivers preoperatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 129:500-505, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rounak B Rawal
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Douglas R Farquhar
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Lauren A Kilpatrick
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Amelia F Drake
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
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16
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Lin EL, Bock JM, Zdanski CJ, Kimbell JS, Garcia GJM. Relationship between degree of obstruction and airflow limitation in subglottic stenosis. Laryngoscope 2017; 128:1551-1557. [PMID: 29171660 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is one of the most common airway disorders in pediatric patients. Currently, treatment decisions rely primarily on the Cotton-Myer scale, which classifies SGS severity based on percentage reduction in airspace cross-sectional area (CSA). However, the precise relationship between upper airway resistance and subglottic CSA is unknown. We hypothesize that airway resistance can be described by the Bernoulli Obstruction Theory, which predicts that airway resistance is inversely proportional to airspace CSA ( R∝A-1) in cases of severe constriction. METHODS Computed tomography (CT) scans of six healthy subjects and five SGS patients were used to create three-dimensional models of the respiratory tract from nostrils to carina. Cylindrical segments of varying lengths and varying diameters were digitally inserted in the subglottis of the healthy subjects to create simulated SGS models. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were run, and airway resistance was computed in the simulated SGS models and actual SGS models. RESULTS Constriction diameter had a greater impact in airway resistance than constriction length. In agreement with the Bernoulli Obstruction Theory, airway resistance in the simulated SGS models was well represented by the power law R=aAb, where a is a constant and the exponent b ranged from -0.85 to -1.07. The percentage reduction in airflow (QOBSTRUCTIONQHEALTHY) at a constant pressure drop was found to be directly proportional to the percentage reduction in CSA (AOBSTRUCTIONAHEALTHY) in the limit of severe constrictions, namely QOBSTRUCTIONQHEALTHY=kAOBSTRUCTIONAHEALTHY, where k=2.25 ± 0.15. Airway resistances in the simulated SGS models were similar to resistances in models based on CT scans of actual SGS patients, suggesting that our simulated SGS models were representative of airway resistance in actual SGS patients. CONCLUSION Our computer simulations suggest that the degree of airflow limitation in SGS patients may be estimated based on anatomic measurements alone. Future studies are recommended to test these predictions in larger cohorts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4. Laryngoscope, 128:1551-1557, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University & The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan M Bock
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Julia S Kimbell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Guilherme J M Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University & The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
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17
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Farzal Z, Walsh J, Ahmad FI, Roberts J, Ferns SJ, Zdanski CJ. Electrocardiogram Screening in Children with Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Prevalence and Follow-up of Abnormalities. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 158:553-558. [PMID: 29160150 DOI: 10.1177/0194599817738975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose is to determine the prevalence of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, including borderline and prolonged QT, among screened children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and to analyze their subsequent medical workup. Study Design Institutional Review Board-approved case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary academic center. Subjects and Methods Cases from 1996 to 2014 involving pediatric patients (N = 1994) with SNHL were analyzed. Abnormal ECGs were categorized as borderline/prolonged QT or other. A board-certified pediatric cardiologist retrospectively determined the clinical significance of ECG changes. For follow-up analysis, children with heart disease, known syndromes, or inaccessible records were excluded. Results Among 772 children who had ECGs, 215 (27.8%) had abnormal results: 35 (4.5%) with QT abnormalities and 180 (23.3%) with other abnormalities. For children with QT abnormalities meeting inclusion criteria (n = 30), follow-up measures included cardiology referral (46.6%), repeat ECG by ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist (20%), clearance by ENT specialist with clinical correlation and/or comparison with old ECGs (20%), and pediatrician follow-up (6.7%). Documentation of further workup by ENT or referral was absent for 6.7%. For children with other ECG changes meeting inclusion criteria (n = 136), abnormalities were documented for 57 (41.9%); normal QT without other abnormality was documented for 18 (13.2%). The most common follow-up referrals were to pediatricians (16.9%) and cardiologists (10.3%). Among patients with clinically significant non-QT abnormalities mandating further evaluation (n = 122), 38 (31.1%) had documented follow-up in medical records. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of ECG abnormalities among children with congenital SNHL. If findings are confirmed by future studies, screening should be considered for congenital unilateral or bilateral SNHL, regardless of severity. We describe a standardized protocol for ECG screening/follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Farzal
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan Walsh
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Faisal I Ahmad
- 3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jason Roberts
- 4 Asheville Head, Neck, and Ear Surgeons, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sunita J Ferns
- 5 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Taylor RJ, Miller JD, Rose AS, Drake AF, Zdanski CJ, Senior BA, Ebert CS, Zanation AM. Comprehensive quality of life outcomes for pediatric patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Rhinology 2017; 52:327-33. [PMID: 25479210 DOI: 10.4193/rhino14.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited quality of life data exist for pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Further exploration of the following areas will enhance understanding and support clinical decision-making: baseline and post-ESS general and disease-specific quality of life, parent vs. child report, and correlation of nasal endoscopy to sinus CT scores. METHODOLOGY A prospective cohort study evaluated CRS patients age 5-18 undergoing ESS. Surveys were completed at two timepoints: (1) pre-ESS and (2) 30-90 days post-ESS, with parents completing general (PedsQLTM) and CRS-specific (SNOT-16 and SN-5) quality of life surveys and children completing PedsQLTM and SNOT-16 surveys. Preoperative Lund-Kennedy nasal endoscopy and Lund-Mackay sinus CT scores were calculated. Where appropriate, outcomes were stratified by cystic fibrosis status. RESULTS Impaired preoperative general quality of life was evidenced by parent proxy-report of PedsQLTM scores in 10 cystic fibrosis and 11 non-CF patients. ESS was associated with decreased sinus symptoms at 1-3 months postoperatively with SN-5 change scores of -1.85 and -2.2, in CF and non-CF patients, respectively. Parents reported worse CRS symptoms via higher preoperative SNOT-16 scores than their children did. Nasal endoscopy and sinus CT scores correlated with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.51. Scores not reaching statistical significance included CF-related CRS SNOT-16 change scores and PedsQLTM general quality of life change scores. CONCLUSION In pediatric patients with CRS electing ESS, general quality of life is impaired preoperatively and sinus symptoms improve significantly 1-3 months after sinus surgery. Parents report statistically worse CRS symptom scores than their children do. Nasal endoscopy scores in this cohort correlated with sinus CT scores.
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19
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Bryson PC, Abode K, Zdanski CJ. Emergent airway management in the labor and delivery suite. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 87:83-6. [PMID: 27368448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital airway obstruction is of varied etiology and uncommonly encountered. Prenatal care and imaging have enhanced detection of these abnormalities and allow for multi-disciplinary care planning for airway management at delivery. Despite the availability and advances in prenatal imaging, unanticipated airway obstruction may not be identified until the time of delivery. METHODS Case series. RESULTS Four airway emergencies were encountered in the labor and delivery suite over an eight-month period. Clinical history is correlated with autopsy findings. Congenital upper airway and laryngotracheal anomalies are reviewed. Recommendations to improve timely and efficient airway management in the labor and delivery suite are discussed and a protocol for a multi-disciplinary neonatal emergency airway response team is offered for consideration. CONCLUSIONS The development and implementation of a multi-disciplinary emergency newborn airway protocol is both realistic and feasible. While it did not improve survivability in our small group, it did reduce response time. It, or a protocol like it, is recommended for institutions caring for high-risk pregnancies and with Neonatal Intensive Care Units with high acuity patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Bryson
- Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Kathy Abode
- The North Carolina Children's Airway Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- The North Carolina Children's Airway Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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20
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Zdanski CJ, Austin GK, Walsh JM, Drake AF, Rose AS, Hackman TG, Zanation AM. Transoral robotic surgery for upper airway pathology in the pediatric population. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:247-251. [PMID: 27320495 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study is to present one of the largest case series of pediatric transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the upper airway demonstrating a wide range of ages and indications. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective case series at an academic tertiary referral center from August 2010 to September 2014. METHODS The da Vinci surgical robot (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) was used on 16 pediatric patients for 18 procedures. A variety of upper airway pathologies and reconstructions in children with a wide range of ages and weights were treated. No lingual tonsillectomies or base-of-tongue reductions were included. RESULTS Sixteen children (6 males) underwent 18 TORS procedures, including resection of hamartoma (n = 1), repair of laryngeal cleft (n = 7), removal of saccular cyst (n = 2), release of pharyngeal or esophageal strictures (n = 2), and excision of lymphatic malformations (n = 4). Patient ages ranged from 14 days to 15 years. There were no intraoperative complications. All patients had successful robotic access, and no patients had conversions to open or traditional endoscopic surgery. Hospital courses varied with duration ranging from 1 to 20 days. The median follow up was 22 months. CONCLUSION Applying TORS to the pediatric population can be feasible and safe for appropriate airway pathologies. Because many patients are small in size, there is inherent risk in using robotic instruments and scopes transorally. Pearls in this series include a standardized two-robot experienced attending team and longitudinal airway follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 127:247-251, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Grace K Austin
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan M Walsh
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Amelia F Drake
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Austin S Rose
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Trevor G Hackman
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adam M Zanation
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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21
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Bassim MK, Zdanski CJ. Electrode extrusion through the tympanic membrane in a pediatric patient. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 137:680-1. [PMID: 17903593 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc K Bassim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA.
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22
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Kocdor P, Iseli CE, Teagle HF, Woodard J, Park L, Zdanski CJ, Brown KD, Adunka OF, Buchman CA. The effect of interdevice interval on speech perception performance among bilateral, pediatric cochlear implant recipients. Laryngoscope 2016; 126:2389-94. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.26012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kocdor
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A
| | - Claire E. Iseli
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | - Holly F. Teagle
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A
| | - Jennifer Woodard
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A
| | - Lisa Park
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A
| | - Carlton J. Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A
| | - Kevin D. Brown
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A
| | - Oliver F. Adunka
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio U.S.A
| | - Craig A. Buchman
- Department of Otolaryngology; Washington University in St. Louis; St Louis Missouri U.S.A
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23
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Abode KA, Drake AF, Zdanski CJ, Retsch-Bogart GZ, Gee AB, Noah TL. A Multidisciplinary Children's Airway Center: Impact on the Care of Patients With Tracheostomy. Pediatrics 2016; 137:e20150455. [PMID: 26755695 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with complex airway problems see multiple specialists. To improve outcomes and coordinate care, we developed a multidisciplinary Children's Airway Center. For children with tracheostomies, aspects of care targeted for improvement included optimizing initial hospital discharge, promoting effective communication between providers and caregivers, and avoiding tracheostomy complications. METHODS The population includes children up to 21 years old with tracheostomies. The airway center team includes providers from pediatric pulmonology, pediatric otolaryngology/head and neck surgery, and pediatric gastroenterology. Improvement initiatives included enhanced educational strategies, weekly care conferences, institutional consensus guidelines and care plans, personalized clinic schedules, and standardized intervals between airway examinations. A patient database allowed for tracking outcomes over time. RESULTS We initially identified 173 airway center patients including 123 with tracheostomies. The median number of new patients evaluated by the center team each year was 172. Median hospitalization after tracheostomy decreased from 37 days to 26 days for new tracheostomy patients <1 year old discharged from the hospital. A median of 24 care plans was evaluated at weekly conferences. Consensus protocol adherence increased likelihood of successful decannulation from 68% to 86% of attempts. The median interval of 8 months between airway examinations aligned with published recommendations. CONCLUSIONS For children with tracheostomies, our Children's Airway Center met and sustained goals of optimizing hospitalization, promoting communication, and avoiding tracheostomy complications by initiating targeted improvements in a multidisciplinary team setting. A multidisciplinary approach to management of these patients can yield measurable improvements in important outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Abode
- University of North Carolina Health Care System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Amelia F Drake
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Amanda B Gee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Terry L Noah
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, and
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Farzal Z, Walsh J, Lopes de Rezende Barbosa G, Zdanski CJ, Davis SD, Superfine R, Pimenta LA, Kimbell JS, Drake AF. Volumetric nasal cavity analysis in children with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate. Laryngoscope 2015; 126:1475-80. [PMID: 26267849 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) often suffer from nasal obstruction that may be related to effects on nasal volume. The objective of this study was to compare side:side volume ratios and nasal volume in patients with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) clefts with age-matched controls. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-control study using three-dimensional (3D) nasal airway reconstructions. METHODS We analyzed 20 subjects (age range = 7-12 years) with UCLP and BCLP from a regional craniofacial center who underwent cone beam computed tomography (CT) prior to alveolar grafting. Ten multislice CT images from age-matched controls were also analyzed. Mimics software (Materialise, Plymouth, MI) was used to create 3D reconstructions of the main nasal cavity and compute total and side-specific nasal volumes. Subjects imaged during active nasal cycling phases were excluded. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in affected:unaffected side volume ratios in UCLP (P = .48) or left:right ratios in BCLP (P = .25) when compared to left:right ratios in controls. Mean overall nasal volumes were 9,932 ± 1,807, 7,097 ± 2,596, and 6,715 ± 2,115 mm(3) for control, UCLP, and BCLP patients, respectively, with statistically significant volume decreases for both UCLP and BCLP subjects from controls (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to analyze total nasal volumes in BCLP patients. Overall nasal volume is compromised in UCLP and BCLP by approximately 30%. Additionally, our finding of no major difference in side:side ratios in UCLP and BCLP compared to controls conflicts with pre-existing literature, likely due to exclusion of actively cycling scans and our measurement of the functional nasal cavity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3b. Laryngoscope, 126:1475-1480, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Farzal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan Walsh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | | | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Stephanie D Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Riley Children's Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Luiz A Pimenta
- University of North Carolina Craniofacial Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Julia S Kimbell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Amelia Fischer Drake
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A.,University of North Carolina Craniofacial Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
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Dahl JP, Stadler ME, Huang BY, Miao D, Patel MR, Adunka OF, Buchman CA, Fine JP, Zdanski CJ. Connexin-Related (DFNB1) Hearing Loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 152:889-96. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599814566399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Determine if routine computed tomography (CT) imaging is necessary in the workup for children with connexin-related (DFNB1) sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Study Design Case-control retrospective chart and imaging review. Setting Tertiary care otolaryngology practice. Subjects and Methods High-resolution temporal bone CT scans of children (n = 21) with DFNB1 SNHL were compared to age-matched controls with either conductive hearing loss (CHL, n = 33) or a nonsyndromic, non-DFNB1 SNHL (n = 33). Sixteen measurements of cochleo-vestibular structures were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using a repeated analysis of variance model that controlled for both age and gender. Area under the curve (AUC) and multidimensional AUC (MAUC) analyses were also performed. Results Overall, no statistically significant differences were found between the 3 experimental groups. In addition, comparisons between the DFNB1 and CHL groups, DFNB1 and non-DFNB1 SNHL groups, and CHL and non-DFNB1 SNHL groups failed to demonstrate any statistically significant differences. AUC and MAUC analyses also failed to detect any significant differences between the 3 groups. Conclusions Patients with DFNB1 SNHL do not have significant anatomic differences on temporal bone CT scans when compared to non-DFNB1 SNHL and CHL control groups. Based on the above analysis, it is reasonable to avoid routine CT imaging of the temporal bones in children with known DFNB1 SNHL unless otherwise clinically indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Dahl
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael E. Stadler
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin Y. Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Di Miao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mihir R. Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Oliver F. Adunka
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Craig A. Buchman
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason P. Fine
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlton J. Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Zdanski CJ, Parikh SR, Goudy SL, Hartnick CJ, Roy S, Rutter MJ, White DR. New Concepts in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Video Forum. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599814538403a70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Program Description: In this state-of-the-art miniseminar, 7 experts will share video-based examples of new ideas in pediatric otolaryngology. New knowledge, techniques, and outcomes for emerging concepts will be discussed while ample opportunity for audience questions and answers will be provided. Steven L. Goudy: endoscopic-assisted pharyngeal surgery. Christopher J. Hartnick: optical coherence tomography in the operating room; differentiating cysts from nodules. Sanjay R. Parikh: drug-induced sleep endoscopy: technique and findings. Soham Roy: mechanical models of operating room airway fires. Michael J. Rutter: slide tracheoplasty for difficult tracheoesophageal fistula. David R. White: a new understanding of congenital nasal stenosis. Carlton J. Zdanski: transoral robotic surgery: pearls and pitfalls. Educational Objectives: (1) Characterize novel ideas for pediatric airway surgery techniques and concepts. (2) Prevent airway fires during surgery. (3) Practice novel techniques for understanding pediatric sleep apnea evaluation.
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27
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Hong Y, Davis B, Marron JS, Kwitt R, Singh N, Kimbell JS, Pitkin E, Superfine R, Davis SD, Zdanski CJ, Niethammer M. Statistical atlas construction via weighted functional boxplots. Med Image Anal 2014; 18:684-98. [PMID: 24747271 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Atlas-building from population data is widely used in medical imaging. However, the emphasis of atlas-building approaches is typically to estimate a spatial alignment to compute a mean/median shape or image based on population data. In this work, we focus on the statistical characterization of the population data, once spatial alignment has been achieved. We introduce and propose the use of the weighted functional boxplot. This allows the generalization of concepts such as the median, percentiles, or outliers to spaces where the data objects are functions, shapes, or images, and allows spatio-temporal atlas-building based on kernel regression. In our experiments, we demonstrate the utility of the approach to construct statistical atlases for pediatric upper airways and corpora callosa revealing their growth patterns. We also define a score system based on the pediatric airway atlas to quantitatively measure the severity of subglottic stenosis (SGS) in the airway. This scoring allows the classification of pre- and post-surgery SGS subjects and radiographically normal controls. Experimental results show the utility of atlas information to assess the effect of airway surgery in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | - J S Marron
- University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Roland Kwitt
- Department of Computer Science, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nikhil Singh
- University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Niethammer
- University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Calloway HE, Kimbell JS, Davis SD, Retsch-Bogart GZ, Pitkin EA, Abode K, Superfine R, Zdanski CJ. Comparison of endoscopic versus 3D CT derived airway measurements. Laryngoscope 2013; 123:2136-41. [PMID: 24167819 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To understand: 1) how endoscopic airway measurements compare to three-dimensional (3D) CT derived measurements; 2) where each technique is potentially useful; and 3) where each has limitations. STUDY DESIGN Compare airway diameters and cross-sectional areas from endoscopic images and CT derived 3D reconstructions. METHODS Videobronchoscopy was performed and recorded on an adult-sized commercially available airway mannequin. At various levels, cross-sectional areas were measured from still video frames using a referent placed via the biopsy port. A 3D reconstruction was generated from a high resolution CT of the mannequin; planar sections were cut at similar cross-sectional levels; and cross-sectional areas were obtained. RESULTS At three levels of mechanically generated tracheal stricture, the differences between the endoscopic measurement and CT-derived cross-sectional area were 1%, 0%, and 7% (1.8, 0.8, and 14 mm²). At the vocal folds, the difference was 9% (7.8 mm²). The tip of the epiglottis and width of the epiglottis differed by 27% and 10% (18.73 mm², 0.40 mm). The airway measurements at the base of tongue, minimal cross-sectional area of the pharynx, and choana differed by 26%, 36%, and 30% (101.40 mm², 36.67 mm², 122.71 mm²). CONCLUSIONS Endoscopy is an effective tool for obtaining airway measurements compared with 3D reconstructions derived from CT. Concordance is best in geometrically simple areas where the entire cross-section measured is visible within one field of view (trachea, round; vocal folds, triangular) versus geometrically complex areas that encompass more than one field of view (i.e. pharynx, choana).
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Hong Y, Niethammer M, Andruejol J, Kimbell JS, Pitkin E, Superfine R, Davis S, Zdanski CJ, Davis B. A PEDIATRIC AIRWAY ATLAS AND ITS APPLICATION IN SUBGLOTTIC STENOSIS. Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging 2013; 2013:1206-1209. [PMID: 26929791 PMCID: PMC4769591 DOI: 10.1109/isbi.2013.6556697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Young children with upper airway problems are at risk for hypoxia, respiratory insufficiency and long term morbidity. Computational models and quantitative analysis would reveal airway growth patterns and benefit clinical care. To capture expected growth patterns we propose a method to build a pediatric airway atlas as a function of age. The atlas is based on a simplified airway model in combination with kernel regression. We show experimental results on children with subglottic stenosis to demonstrate that our method is able to track and measure the stenosis in pediatric airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, US
| | - Marc Niethammer
- UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, US; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill, NC, US
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Parikh SR, Roy S, Zdanski CJ, Derkay CS, Goudy SL, Hartnick CJ, Kazahaya K, Rutter MJ, White DR. Innovations in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Video Forum. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599812449008a69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rosenthal LH, Bell BM, Drake AF, Zdanski CJ, Harmon PJ. Congenital Oral and Pharyngeal Masses: Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599811415823a336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Understand the complex management and prognosis of patients with congenital oral and pharyngeal masses that cause cleft palate. To understand the multifaceted role of the pediatric otolaryngologist in the care of these patients. Method: Retrospective study of all patients with oral or pharyngeal masses and cleft palate or velopharyngeal insufficiency treated in one year at a tertiary care institution. Charts were reviewed for age; gender; comorbidities; birth history; location and pathology of the mass; surgical treatment; and follow-up care. Results: There were 5 patients, 21-months to 24-years-old, 3 of whom had other congenital anomalies. Three patients had large oral masses (2 hamartomas and 1 teratoma). Two patients had pharyngeal masses (teratomas). Four patients had cleft palate, all repaired by 1 year, 2 with later pharyngeal flaps. One patient with an intact but short palate underwent a pharyngeal flap at 6 year. One patient with a large oral mass had significant airway compromise at birth. Two patients underwent tracheotomy, and one was decannulated at 18 months. Additional surgeries were performed in all patients, including tympanostomy (2 patients), tonsillectomy (2 patients), maxillary and mandibular advancement (1 patient), and gastrostomy (1 patient). Conclusion: Congenital oral or pharyngeal masses may cause cleft palate. Otolaryngologists are involved in care from initial airway management and excision to reconstruction and rehabilitation of speech and swallow. After excision, most patients will have a stable airway and tolerate an oral diet. Additional surgeries are often performed for associated comorbidities.
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Abstract
Objective: 1) Identify the signs and symptoms of a laryngeal cleft in children. 2) Compare diagnostic methods available for identifying laryngeal cleft and determine their utility. Method: The charts of all patients diagnosed with laryngeal cleft in a tertiary care institution between 2009 and 2010 were evaluated retrospectively for age, gender, comorbidity, symptoms, bedside swallow evaluation, and results of imaging studies. Findings on flexible and direct laryngoscopy, both performed under general anesthesia, were compared. Results: Six patients had a diagnosis of laryngeal cleft, confirmed by direct laryngoscopy, performed for cough and signs of aspiration. In 3 cases the pattern on a barium video swallow examination heightened suspicion of laryngeal cleft. Flexible laryngoscopy was performed on all patients by a pulmonologist. Laryngeal cleft was suspected in four cases but could not be confirmed. Direct laryngoscopy was performed by an otolaryngologist. Direct laryngoscopy, in which the arytenoids could be physically separated, allowed for definitive diagnosis of the cleft and identification of its type and severity in all 6 cases. Conclusion: Video swallow and flexible laryngoscopy can raise suspicion of a rare laryngeal cleft in patients with otherwise common symptoms. A laryngeal cleft and its type can be definitively diagnosed by a direct laryngoscopy in which the inter-arytenoid space is palpated.
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McKinney KA, Stadler ME, Wong YT, Shah RN, Rose AS, Zdanski CJ, Ebert CS, Wheless SA, Senior BA, Drake AF, Zanation AM. Transpalatal greater palatine canal injection: Radioanatomic analysis of where to bend the needle for pediatric sinus surgery. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 24:385-8. [PMID: 21244740 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2010.24.3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The greater palatine canal (GPC) local injection is used to limit posterior bleeding during sinus surgery in adults. Given the potential for causing iatrogenic damage to the intraorbital contents, this procedure is not commonly used in the pediatric population. No studies have described the anatomic development of the GPC during facial growth. By using age-stratified radioanatomic analysis, the dimensions of the GPC and the clinical implications are described for pediatric patients. An age-stratified radioanatomic study was performed. METHODS High-resolution computed tomography measurements included the thickness of the mucosal plane overlying the GPC, the length of the GPC, and the distance between the base of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and the orbital floor. Mean distance and standard deviation were calculated for each age cohort and compared using the one-way ANOVA test. RESULTS The GPC length correlated directly with patient age. It varied from 9.14 ± 0.11 mm in the youngest age group (<2 years) to 19.36 ± 2.76 mm in adults (18-64 years). The height of the orbit relative to the hard palate approximated the adult dimensions described in the literature by 12-13 years (49.58 ± 1.72 mm). CONCLUSION These radioanatomic results suggest that the GPC injection described for adult patients may be safely administered to selected pediatric patients. For patients >12 years old, we recommend bending the needle 45° and inserting it 25 mm. For patients 6-12 years old, the needle should be inserted 20 mm to enter into the PPF. In patients <6 years old, the needle may safely be placed 12 mm into the GPC. Each of these descriptions is based on the minimal distance required to effectively access the PPF but with maximal safety in regard to the orbit. Further clinical correlation of these findings is necessary through future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibwei A McKinney
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Gore MR, Phillips JD, Zdanski CJ. Esophageal foreign body mimicking a mediastinal mass. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 144:823-4. [PMID: 21493373 DOI: 10.1177/0194599810393863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R Gore
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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McKinney KA, Stadler ME, Ebert CS, Wong YT, Shah RN, Rose AS, Zdanski CJ, Drake AF, Wheless SA, Senior BA, Zanation AM. Trans-palatal Greater Palatine Injection: Radioanatomic analysis of where to bend the needle for pediatric sinus surgery. Laryngoscope 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.21328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ardeshirpour
- University of Minnesota, Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Marshall AF, Jewells VL, Kranz P, Lee YZ, Lin W, Zdanski CJ. Magnetic resonance imaging of guinea pig cochlea after vasopressin-induced or surgically induced endolymphatic hydrops. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 142:260-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the ability to detect the in vivo cochlear changes associated with vasopressin-induced and surgically induced endolymphatic hydrops using MRI at 3 tesla (T). Study Design: Prospective, animal model. Setting: Animal laboratory. Subjects and Methods: In group 1, five guinea pigs underwent post–gadolinium temporal bone MRI before and after seven and 14 days of chronic systemic administration of vasopressin by osmotic pump. In group 2, five guinea pigs underwent temporal bone MRI eight weeks after unilateral surgical ablation of the endolymphatic sac. Three-tesla high-resolution T1-weighted sequences were acquired pre- and postcontrast administration. Region of interest signal intensities of the perilymph and endolymph were analyzed manually. Quantitative evaluation of hydrops was measured histologically. Results: Gadolinium preferentially concentrated in the perilymph, allowing for distinction of cochlear compartments on 3.0-T MRI. The T1-weighted contrast MRI of vasopressin-induced hydropic cochlea showed significant increases in signal intensity of the endolymph and perilymph. Surgically induced unilateral hydropic cochlea also showed increased signal intensity, compared with the control cochlea of the same animal, but less of an increase than the vasopressin group. The histological degree of hydrops induced in the vasopressin group was comparable to previous studies. Conclusions: In vivo postcontrast MRI of the inner ear demonstrated cochlear changes associated with chronic systemic administration of vasopressin and surgical ablation of the endolymphatic sac. Understanding the MRI appearance of endolymphatic hydrops induced by various methods contributes to the future use of MRI as a possible tool in the diagnosis and treatment of Ménière's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen F. Marshall
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Valerie L. Jewells
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Peter Kranz
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yeuh Z. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Carlton J. Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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Patel MR, Zdanski CJ, Abode KA, Reilly CA, Malinzak EB, Stein JN, Harris WT, Drake AF. Experience of the school-aged child with tracheostomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 73:975-80. [PMID: 19403179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the school experience of children with tracheostomy tubes. These children may represent a population that qualifies for special services in school. Understanding how tracheostomy affects school-aged children may provide information needed to develop programs that provide these children with invaluable experiences. OBJECTIVE To understand what children with tracheostomies experience in school as it relates to tracheostomy care and how their condition affects academic achievement and social adjustment. METHODS We identified a cohort of 38 eligible school-aged children with indwelling tracheostomy tubes for ongoing upper airway obstruction through the North Carolina Children's Airway Center. A questionnaire was developed to assess support of their medical condition throughout the school day. Twenty-three patients responded to the questionnaire. RESULTS School experience for a child with a tracheostomy varied. Approximately half the children attended special needs classes, the other half were in mainstream classrooms. Speech services and Passy-Muir valves were used in 43% and 57% of cases, respectively. Over half the students were excluded from physical activity because of the tracheostomy. Most students missed at least 10 days of school for medical care in an academic year. Fifty percent of the students reported attending schools where school personnel had no training in tracheostomy care. In some cases, a trained nurse accompanied the child to school to help with tracheostomy care. In other cases, the child coped with tracheostomy care alone. CONCLUSIONS As children with special medical needs are increasingly incorporated into mainstream schools, it is important to understand the potential hurdles they face in managing tracheostomies. In particular, school personnel should have the ability to provide basic care for students with tracheostomies. Student speech and educational outcomes require further investigation and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir R Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina Memorial Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Bryson PC, Leight WD, Zdanski CJ, Drake AF, Rose AS. High-resolution ultrasound in the evaluation of pediatric recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 135:250-3. [PMID: 19289702 DOI: 10.1001/archoto.2008.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the ultrasonographic appearance of laryngeal papillomatosis and to compare ultrasound with direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, the criterion standard, for airway evaluation. DESIGN Prospective, nonrandomized analysis of preoperative and postoperative airway ultrasound images. SETTING Tertiary, university-based medical center. PARTICIPANTS Eight patients (4 females and 4 males) with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, with a mean age of 10.25 years and a mean of 14 surgical papilloma resections (range, 3-35). INTERVENTION The patients underwent planned papilloma resections with ultrasound evaluation before formal endoscopic resection. Preresection ultrasound images of respiratory papillomas were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The ultrasonographic appearance of respiratory papillomas and pediatric airway anatomy. RESULTS Respiratory papillomas appeared as discrete, hyperechoic lesions on the relatively hypoechoic background of the true vocal folds. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent respiratory papillomas have a characteristic ultrasonographic appearance that seems to correlate with endoscopic findings. It seems that this modality holds promise for identifying pedunculated papillomas. Although direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy are the criterion standard, airway ultrasound may have a role in the early diagnosis of, surveillance of, and operative planning for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the ultrasonographic appearance of papillomas and the first comparison of ultrasonographic and endoscopic airway images. This modality merits further study, and further investigation is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Bryson
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA
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Sie KCY, Starr JR, Bloom DC, Cunningham M, de Serres LM, Drake AF, Elluru RG, Haddad J, Hartnick C, Macarthur C, Milczuk HA, Muntz HR, Perkins JA, Senders C, Smith ME, Tollefson T, Willging JP, Zdanski CJ. Multicenter interrater and intrarater reliability in the endoscopic evaluation of velopharyngeal insufficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 134:757-63. [PMID: 18645127 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.134.7.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore interrater and intrarater reliability (R (inter) and R (intra), respectively) of a standardized scale applied to nasoendoscopic assessment of velopharyngeal (VP) function, across multiple centers. DESIGN Multicenter blinded R (inter) and R (intra) study. SETTING Eight academic tertiary care centers. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen otolaryngologists from 8 centers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Raters estimated lateral pharyngeal and palatal movement on nasoendoscopic tapes from 50 different patients. Raters were asked to (1) estimate gap size during phonation and (2) note the presence of the Passavant ridge, a midline palatal notch on the nasal surface of the soft palate, and aberrant pulsations. Primary outcome measures were R (inter) and R (intra) coefficients for estimated gap size, lateral wall, and palatal movement; kappa coefficients for the Passavant ridge, a midline palatal notch on the nasal soft palate, and aberrant pulsations were also calculated. RESULTS The R (inter) coefficients were 0.63 for estimated gap size, 0.41 for lateral wall movement, and 0.43 for palate movement; corresponding R (intra) coefficients were 0.86, 0.79, and 0.83, respectively. Interrater kappa values for qualitative features were 0.10 for the Passavant ridge; 0.48 for a notch on the nasal surface of the soft palate, 0.56 for aberrant pulsations, and 0.39 for estimation of gap size. CONCLUSIONS In these data, there was good R (intra) and fair R (inter) when using the Golding-Kushner scale for rating VP function based on nasoendoscopy. Estimates of VP gap size demonstrate higher reliability coefficients than total lateral wall, mean palate estimates, and categorical estimate of gap size. The reliability of rating qualitative characteristics (ie, the presence of the Passavant ridge, aberrant pulsations, and notch on the nasal surface of the soft palate) is variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Y Sie
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Childhood Communication Center, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, PO Box 5371/6E-1, Seattle, WA 98105-0371, USA.
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Abstract
Although tracheotomies are the standard procedure for elective surgical airways, some patients present with challenging anatomy. In circumstances of abnormal skeletal deformities, such as kyphoscoliosis, the airway is also often tortuous and access to the trachea may be difficult. In the situation of severely distorted tracheal anatomy, where access to the trachea may require a mediansternotomy, a cricothyroidotomy may be the safer option. This article details the technique involved in approaching a substernal larynx and stomatizing a cricothyroidotomy for a patient who required a long-term surgical airway secondary to severe kyphoscoliosis from Proteus syndrome and failure to extubate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna G Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of North Carolina Hospitals, G0412 Neurosciences Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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Patel MR, Stamat JC, Zdanski CJ, Ebert CS, Prazma J. Nitric oxide in glutamate-induced compound action potential threshold shifts. Hear Res 2008; 239:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 12/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nguyen-Huynh AT, Oghalai JS, Toh EH, Marshall AF, Eapen RJ, Surowitz JB, Blanks DA, Roberts JM, Zdanski CJ, Fitzpatrick D, Pillsbury H. 10:20: Effect of Vasopressin on Auditory Thresholds in Guinea Pigs. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the internal auditory canal (IAC) and inner ear morphologic characteristics of children with cochlear nerve (CN) deficiency. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Fourteen children with small or absent (deficient) CNs have been identified by means of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). INTERVENTIONS MRI of the brain. Clinical evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Review of medical records, audiological testing results, and imaging studies. Images were evaluated for the structure of the cochlear, vestibular and facial nerves, IACs and inner ears. Audiometric thresholds were evaluated in all subjects. METHODS Fourteen children with small or absent (deficient) CNs have been identified by means of high-resolution MRI. A review of the medical records, audiologic testing results, and imaging studies was undertaken. The images were evaluated for the structure of the cochlear, vestibular and facial nerves, IACs, and inner ears. The audiometric thresholds were evaluated in all subjects. RESULTS Among the 14 patients, 5 had known syndromes. MRI allowed an exact specification of the nervous structures within all ears with normal-size IACs. Precise characterization of the nerves in ears with small IACs was more difficult, requiring a consideration of both imaging findings and functional parameters. Five children had bilateral deficient CNs, whereas the remaining 9 subjects were affected unilaterally. Thus, 19 ears had CN deficiency (absent CN, 16; small CN, 3). Eleven ears had normal-size IACs and deficient CNs. Of the 9 ears with small IACs, 8 had deficient CNs (absent, 7; small, 1) on the basis of both MRI and functional assessments. Two ears with small IACs had clear morphologic and/or functional evidence for the presence of a CN: one had a small-size CN on MRI, whereas another had a single nerve in a small IAC with present facial and auditory functions. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that CN deficiency is not an uncommon cause of congenital hearing loss. The findings that most ears with CN deficiency had normal IAC morphology and that two ears with small IACs had CNs present indicate that IAC morphology is an unreliable surrogate marker of CN integrity. On the basis of these findings, we think that high-resolution MRI, rather than CT imaging, should be performed in all cases of pediatric hearing loss, especially in those cases where profound hearing loss has been documented. For ears with small IACs, the resolution of MRI currently remains limiting. In these cases, the determination of CN status frequently requires a variety of anatomic (CT and MRI) and functional tests (auditory brainstem response, otoacoustic emissions, behavioral audiometry, and physical examination).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver F Adunka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7600, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a group of children exhibiting electrophysiologic responses characteristic of auditory neuropathy (AN) who were subsequently identified as having absent or small cochlear nerves (i.e., cochlear nerve deficiency). DESIGN A retrospective review of the clinical records, audiological testing results, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Fifty-one of 65 children with AN characteristics on auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing had MRI available for review. Nine (18%) of these 51 children with ABR characteristic of AN have been identified as having small (N = 2; 4%) or absent (N = 7; 14%) cochlear nerves on MRI. RESULTS Of the nine children with cochlear nerve deficiency, five (56%) were affected unilaterally and four (44%) bilaterally. Eight of nine presented after failing a newborn infant hearing screening, whereas one presented at 3 yr of age. On diagnostic ABR testing, all 9 children (9 of 13 affected ears; 69%) had evidence of a cochlear microphonic (CM) and absent neural responses in at least one ear. In the unilateral cases, AN characteristics were detected in all affected ears. In bilateral cases, at least one of the ears in each child demonstrated the AN phenotype, whereas the contralateral ear had no CM identified. Only one ear with cochlear nerve deficiency had present otoacoustic emissions as measured by distortion-product otoacoustic emissions. In children with appropriate available behavioral testing results, all ears without cochlear nerves were identified as having a profound hearing loss. Only 4 (31%) of the 13 ears with cochlear nerve deficiency had a small internal auditory canal on MRI. CONCLUSIONS Children with cochlear nerve deficiency can present with electrophysiologic evidence of AN. These children frequently refer on newborn screening examinations that use ABR-based testing methods. Similar to other causes of AN, diagnostic ABR testing will show a CM with absent neural responses. Given that 9 (18%) of 51 children with available MRI and electrophysiologic characteristics of AN in our program have been identified as having cochlear nerve deficiency makes this a relatively common diagnosis. These findings suggest that MRI is indicated for all children diagnosed with AN. Moreover, electrophysiologic evidence of unilateral AN in association with a profound hearing loss should make the clinician highly suspicious for this problem. Although children with cochlear nerve deficiency who have a small nerve may benefit from cochlear implantation or amplification, these interventions are obviously contraindicated in children with completely absent cochlear nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Buchman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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Abstract
Prevention and early recognition remain critical factors in the treatment of foreign body inhalation in children. Accidental inhalation of both organic and nonorganic foreign body material continues to be a cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The University of North Carolina Department of Otolaryngology has collected foreign bodies acquired from the airways of young children since its inception in 1954. The authors reviewed 26 foreign bodies removed bronchoscopically from the airways of children during the years 1955 to 1960, and compared these to 27 foreign bodies collected from 1999 to 2003. Findings showed remarkable similarities in the types of foreign bodies aspirated. Organic foreign bodies were most commonly found. Differences existed in the type of organic foreign body aspirated, with popcorn being retrieved in 15% of cases during the later time period. Also, an increase in bronchoscopically removed small toy parts was found in the later group.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R White
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA
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Hardy SM, Marshall A, Zdanski CJ, Prazma J, Pillsbury HC. R093: Prevention of Acquired Subglottic Stenosis by Topical Steroid Administration in Rabbits. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0194-59980301098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Marshall AF, Hardy SM, Kranz P, Lee YZ, Lin W, Zdanski CJ, Jewells VL. R014: 3.0-T MR Imaging of Vasopressin-Induced Endolymphatic Hydrops in Guinea Pigs. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0194-59980300757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS One European multicenter study has reported favorable outcomes after ossicular reconstruction with the titanium Kurz prosthesis. At the time of this study, however, no study has analyzed its outcomes when used for reconstruction after prior failure with another implant (revision reconstruction). The study reports our experience with the titanium Kurz prosthesis for revision ossicular reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective review was made of all revision ossicular reconstructions at our institution from October 1998 to September 2001. METHODS Seventeen cases were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who underwent revision ossicular reconstruction with the Kurz prosthesis and patients who underwent revision ossicular reconstruction with another prosthesis (the "other" group). Audiograms were reviewed and air-bone gaps were calculated for each patient. RESULTS The average postoperative air-bone gap after Kurz revision was 15.6 dB, a statistically significant improvement over the average postoperative air-bone gap from the "other" revision group (P =.022). CONCLUSION The titanium Kurz prosthesis has been an effective implant at our institution for revision ossicular reconstruction. Future research should focus on a prospective, randomized trial comparing the Kurz prosthesis with other prostheses currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Downs
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7070, USA.
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