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Delgado-Enciso J, Delgado-Machuca M, Mokay-Ramírez KA, Barajas-Saucedo CE, Romero-Michel JC, Fuentes-Murguia M, Aurelien-Cabezas NS, Tiburcio-Jimenez D, Toscano-Velazquez JA, Meza-Robles C, Hernandez-Rangel AE, Walle-Guillen M, Delgado-Enciso OG, Guzman Esquivel J, Rojas-Larios F, Zaizar-Fregoso SA, Martinez-Fierro ML, Rodriguez Sanchez IP, Melnikov V, Espinoza-Gomez F, Delgado-Enciso I. "I prefer to get coronavirus than to stop working": the street vendor's perspective. J Infect Dev Ctries 2021; 15:1603-1606. [PMID: 34898485 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During phase 2 of the COVID-19 pandemic in a Mexican City, informal street vendors (cases) and formal employees (controls) were interviewed. A total of 82.6% of street vendors preferred to expose themselves to the coronavirus than to stop working, compared with 18.4% of formal employees (adjusted OR = 19.4, 95%CI: 4.6-81.7, p < 0.001). Street vendors had 7 times less fear of dying from coronavirus (adjusted OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03-0.5, p = 0.005) and showed a 16-times greater lack of real concern for the increase in cases in their community than the formal employees (adjusted OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.3, p = 0.002). Street vendors were the group with the poorest adherence to household and work area containment measures that continued to be in contact with others. The corresponding authorities must plan specific strategies that allow street vendors to survive economically, while at the same time, protecting community health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josuel Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Research, Foundation for Cancer Ethics, Education and Research of the Cancerology State Institute, Colima, Mexico
| | - Marina Delgado-Machuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Karen A Mokay-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Meza-Robles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Mireya Walle-Guillen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Jose Guzman Esquivel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Fabian Rojas-Larios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Iram P Rodriguez Sanchez
- Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Valery Melnikov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.
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Delgado-Enciso I, Paz-Garcia J, Barajas-Saucedo CE, Mokay-Ramírez KA, Meza-Robles C, Lopez-Flores R, Delgado-Machuca M, Murillo-Zamora E, Toscano-Velazquez JA, Delgado-Enciso J, Melnikov V, Walle-Guillen M, Galvan-Salazar HR, Delgado-Enciso OG, Cabrera-Licona A, Danielewicz-Mata EJ, Mandujano-Diaz PJ, Guzman-Esquivel J, Montes-Galindo DA, Perez-Martinez H, Jimenez-Villegaz JM, Hernandez-Rangel AE, Montes-Diaz P, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Martinez-Fierro ML, Garza-Veloz I, Tiburcio-Jimenez D, Zaizar-Fregoso SA, Gonzalez-Alcaraz F, Gutierrez-Gutierrez L, Diaz-Lopez L, Ramirez-Flores M, Guzman-Solorzano HP, Gaytan-Sandoval G, Martinez-Perez CR, Espinoza-Gómez F, Rojas-Larios F, Hirsch-Meillon MJ, Baltazar-Rodriguez LM, Barrios-Navarro E, Oviedo-Rodriguez V, Mendoza-Hernandez MA, Prieto-Diaz-Chavez E, Paz-Michel BA. Safety and efficacy of a COVID-19 treatment with nebulized and/or intravenous neutral electrolyzed saline combined with usual medical care vs. usual medical care alone: A randomized, open-label, controlled trial. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:915. [PMID: 34306189 PMCID: PMC8281484 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently the major public health problem worldwide. Neutral electrolyzed saline solution that contains reactive chlorine and oxygen species may be an effective therapeutic. In the present study, the treatment efficacy of intravenous and/or nebulized neutral electrolyzed saline combined with usual medical care vs. usual medical care alone was evaluated in ambulatory patients with COVID-19. A prospective, 2-arm, parallel-group, randomized, open-label, multi-center, phase I-II clinical trial including 214 patients was performed. The following two outcomes were evaluated during the 20-day follow-up: i) The number of patients with disease progression; and ii) the patient acceptable symptom state. Serial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 naso/oro-pharyngeal detection by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR was performed in certain patients of the experimental group. Biochemical and hematologic parameters, as well as adverse effects, were also evaluated in the experimental group. The experimental treatment decreased the risk of hospitalization by 89% [adjusted relative risk (RR)=0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.37, P<0.001] and the risk of death by 96% (adjusted RR=0.04, 95% CI: 0.01-0.42, P=0.007) and also resulted in an 18-fold higher probability of achieving an acceptable symptom state on day 5 (adjusted RR=18.14, 95% CI: 7.29-45.09, P<0.001), compared with usual medical care alone. Overall, neutral electrolyzed saline solution was better than usual medical care alone. Of the patients analyzed, >50% were negative for the virus as detected by RT-qPCR in naso/oro-pharyngeal samples on day 4, with only a small number of positive patients on day 6. Clinical improvement correlated with a decrease in C-reactive protein, aberrant monocytes and increased lymphocytes and platelets. Cortisol and testosterone levels were also evaluated and a decrease in cortisol levels and an increase in the testosterone-cortisol ratio were observed on days 2 and 4. The experimental treatment produced no serious adverse effects. In conclusion, neutral electrolyzed saline solution markedly reduced the symptomatology and risk of progression in ambulatory patients with COVID-19. The present clinical trial was registered in the Cuban public registry of clinical trials (RPCEC) database (May 5, 2020; no. TX-COVID19: RPCEC00000309).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México.,Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, México
| | - Juan Paz-Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery, Union Hospital Center, Villa de Álvarez, Colima 28970, México
| | - Carlos E Barajas-Saucedo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
| | - Karen A Mokay-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
| | - Carmen Meza-Robles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México.,Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, México
| | - Rodrigo Lopez-Flores
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, México
| | - Marina Delgado-Machuca
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, México
| | - Efren Murillo-Zamora
- Department of Research, General Hospital of Zone No. 1 and Family Medicine Unit No. 19 IMSS, Villa de Alvarez, Colima 28984, México
| | - Jose A Toscano-Velazquez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
| | - Josuel Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Research, Foundation for Cancer Ethics, Education and Research of the Cancerology State Institute, Colima 28085, México
| | - Valery Melnikov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
| | - Mireya Walle-Guillen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México.,Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, México
| | - Hector R Galvan-Salazar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México.,Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, México
| | - Osiris G Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México.,Department of Research, Foundation for Cancer Ethics, Education and Research of the Cancerology State Institute, Colima 28085, México
| | | | | | - Pablo J Mandujano-Diaz
- COVID-19 Respiratory Care Clinic INSABI Poliforum, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas 29040, México
| | - José Guzman-Esquivel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México.,Department of Research, Foundation for Cancer Ethics, Education and Research of the Cancerology State Institute, Colima 28085, México
| | - Daniel A Montes-Galindo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México.,Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, México
| | - Henry Perez-Martinez
- COVID-19 Respiratory Care Clinic INSABI Poliforum, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas 29040, México
| | | | | | | | - Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, México
| | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, México
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, México
| | - Daniel Tiburcio-Jimenez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
| | - Sergio A Zaizar-Fregoso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
| | | | | | - Luciano Diaz-Lopez
- COVID-19 Respiratory Care Clinic INSABI Poliforum, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas 29040, México
| | - Mario Ramirez-Flores
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
| | | | - Gustavo Gaytan-Sandoval
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, México
| | - Carlos R Martinez-Perez
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, México
| | - Francisco Espinoza-Gómez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
| | - Fabián Rojas-Larios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
| | - Michael J Hirsch-Meillon
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, México
| | - Luz M Baltazar-Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
| | - Enrique Barrios-Navarro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
| | - Vladimir Oviedo-Rodriguez
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, México
| | | | | | - Brenda A Paz-Michel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México.,Department of Research, Esteripharma S.A. de C.V., Ciudad de México 03100, México
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Romero-Michel JC, Mokay-Ramírez KA, Delgado-Machuca M, Delgado-Enciso J, Aurelien-Cabezas NS, Tiburcio-Jimenez D, Meza-Robles C, Delgado-Enciso OG, Guzman Esquivel J, Zaizar-Fregoso SA, Martinez Fierro ML, Rodriguez Sanchez IP, Melnikov V, Barajas-Saucedo CE, Lara-Esqueda A, Delgado-Enciso I. Health and economic measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic- Effect on street vendors. J Infect Dev Ctries 2021; 15:198-203. [PMID: 33690200 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 pandemic affects human health and the global economy. Its evolution is unpredictable, making it hard for governments to provide response actions suited for all populations. Meanwhile, informal street workers carry on with their labor despite contingency measures to sustain their lives. The objective was to conduct a case-control study to become aware of how street vendors' economy is affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY During phase 2 of the COVID-19 pandemic in a Mexican suburban city. We interviewed informal street vendors (cases) and formal employees (controls). RESULTS Before mobility restrictions were in place, population income came 1.5% from formal employment and 23.5% from informal employment (street vendors). Informal employees lived on less than the equivalent of 1.5 Big Macs per day (p <0.001). After the contingency measures, formal employment kept the same, while the informal employment ratio increased to 57.4% (p < 0.001). The street vendors were almost 100-times less likely to be concerned about the coronavirus outbreak (p < 0.001) and were 38-times less likely to stop working compared with the formal workers (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We have proven that street vendors are a sector of the population that is highly vulnerable to significant economic loss due to contingency measures. Informal workers cannot stop working despite the "Stay at Home" initiative because the government has not implemented strategies that guarantee their survival and their families. Therefore, street vendors continue to be a source of the virus's spread throughout cities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Josuel Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Research, Foundation for Cancer Ethics, Education and Research of the Cancerology State Institute, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carmen Meza-Robles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Mexico
| | | | - José Guzman Esquivel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Margarita L Martinez Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Iram P Rodriguez Sanchez
- Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Valery Melnikov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Mexico.
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Lara-Esqueda A, Zaizar-Fregoso SA, Madrigal-Perez VM, Ramirez-Flores M, Montes-Galindo DA, Martinez-Fierro ML, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Guzman-Esquivel J, Meza-Robles C, Ceja-Espiritu G, Kuri-Morales PA, Delgado-Enciso J, Barriguete-Melendez A, Galvan-Salazar HR, Barajas-Saucedo CE, Guillermo-Espinosa E, Lara-Basulto AD, Gonzalez-Roldan JF, Delgado-Enciso I. Evaluation of Medical Care for Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients in Primary Care in Mexico: Observational Retrospective Study. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7365075. [PMID: 34426789 PMCID: PMC8380161 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7365075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study evaluated the quality of medical care for patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HBP), and both pathologies (DM+HBP) within a public health system in Mexico. METHODS 45,498 patients were included from 2012 to 2015. All information was taken from the electronic medical record database. Each patient record was compared against the standard to test the quality of medical care. RESULTS Glycemia with hypertension goals reached 29.6% in DM+HBP, 48.6% in DM, and 53.2% in HBP. The goals of serum lipids were reached by 3% in DM+HBP, 5% in DM, and 0.2% in HBP. Glycemia, hypertension, and LDL cholesterol reached 0.04%. 15% of patients had an undiagnosed disease. Clinical follow-up examinations reached 20% for foot examination and clinical eye examination. Specialty referrals reached 1% in angiology or cardiology. CONCLUSION Goals for glycemic and hypertension reached 50% in the overall population, while serum lipids, clinical follow-up examinations, and referral to a specialist were deficient. Patients who had both diseases had more consultations, better control for hypertension and lipids, but inferior glycemic control. Overall, quality care for DM and/or HBP has not been met according to the standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Lara-Esqueda
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Sergio A. Zaizar-Fregoso
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Violeta M. Madrigal-Perez
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Mario Ramirez-Flores
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Daniel A. Montes-Galindo
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Zacatecas Autonomous University, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Iram P. Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - José Guzman-Esquivel
- Department of Research, Mexican Social Security Institute, Villa de Alvarez, Colima 28983, Mexico
| | - Carmen Meza-Robles
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Ceja-Espiritu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Pablo A. Kuri-Morales
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico
| | - Josuel Delgado-Enciso
- Fundación para la Etica, Education e Investigación del Cáncer del Instituto Estatal de Cancerologia de Colima, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | | | - Hector R. Galvan-Salazar
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | | | | | - Agustin D. Lara-Basulto
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Jesus F. Gonzalez-Roldan
- Subsecretaria de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Secretaria de Salud de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, 06600, Mexico
| | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
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Delgado-Enciso I, Paz-Garcia J, Barajas-Saucedo CE, Mokay-Ramírez KA, Meza-Robles C, Lopez-Flores R, Delgado-Machuca M, Murillo-Zamora E, Toscano-Velazquez JA, Delgado-Enciso J, Melnikov V, Walle-Guillen M, Galvan-Salazar HR, Delgado-Enciso OG, Cabrera-Licona A, Guzman-Esqu J, Montes-Galindo DA, Hernandez-Rangel AE, Montes-Diaz P, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Martinez-Fierro ML, Garza-Veloz I, Tiburcio-Jimenez D, Zaizar-Fregoso SA, Ramirez-Flores M, Gaytan-Sandoval G, Martinez-Perez CR, Espinoza-Gómez F, Rojas-Larios F, Hirsch-Meillon MJ, Barrios-Navarro E, Oviedo-Rodriguez V, Rodriguez LMB, Paz-Michel BA. Patient-Reported Health Outcomes After Treatment of COVID-19 with Nebulized and/or Intravenous Neutral Electrolyzed Saline Combined with Usual Medical Care Versus Usual Medical care alone: A Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled Trial. Res Sq 2020. [PMID: 32935090 PMCID: PMC7491578 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-68403/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is currently the main public health problem worldwide. The administration of neutral electrolyzed saline, a solution that contains reactive species of chlorine and oxygen (ROS), may be an effective therapeutic alternative due to its immunomodulating characteristics, in systemic inflammation control, as well as in immune response improvement, promoting control of the viral infection. The present study evaluated the efficacy of treatment with intravenous and/or nebulized neutral electrolyzed saline combined with usual medical care versus usual medical care alone, in ambulatory patients with COVID-19. Methods: A prospective, 2-arm, parallel group, randomized, open-label, phase I-II clinical trial included 39 patients in the control group (usual medical care alone) and 45 patients in the experimental group (usual medical care + intravenous and/or nebulized electrolyzed saline, with dose escalation). Two aspects were evaluated during the twenty-day follow-up: i) the number of patients with disease progression (hospitalization or death); and ii) the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), a single-question outcome that determines patient well-being thresholds for pain and function. Biochemical and hematologic parameters, as well as adverse effects, were evaluated in the experimental group. Results: The experimental treatment decreased the risk for hospitalization by 92% (adjusted RR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.01–0.50, P=0.007), with a 43-fold increase in the probability of achieving an acceptable symptom state on day 5 (adjusted RR= 42.96, 95% CI: 9.22–200.0, P<0.001). Intravenous + nebulized administration was better than nebulized administration alone, but nebulized administration was better than usual medical care alone. Clinical improvement correlated with a decrease in C-reactive protein, and aberrant monocytes and an increase of lymphocytes, and platelets. Cortisol and testosterone levels were also evaluated, observing a decrease in cortisol levels and an increment of testosterone-cortisol ratio, on days 2 and 4. Conclusions: The experimental treatment produced no serious adverse effects. In conclusion, intravenous and/or nebulized neutral electrolyzed saline importantly reduced the symptomatology and risk of progression (hospitalization and death), in ambulatory patients with COVID-19. Trial registration: Cuban Public Registry of Clinical Trials (RPCEC) Database RPCEC00000309. Registered: 05. May 2020. https://rpcec.sld.cu/en/trials/RPCEC00000309-En
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Meza-Robles C, Barajas-Saucedo CE, Tiburcio-Jimenez D, Mokay-Ramírez KA, Melnikov V, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Martinez-Fierro ML, Garza-Veloz I, Zaizar-Fregoso SA, Guzman-Esquivel J, Ramirez-Flores M, Newton-Sanchez OA, Espinoza-Gómez F, Delgado-Enciso OG, Centeno-Ramirez AS, Delgado-Enciso I. One-step nested RT-PCR for COVID-19 detection: A flexible, locally developed test for SARS-CoV2 nucleic acid detection. J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14:679-684. [PMID: 32794453 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the coronavirus pandemic, identifying the infected individuals has become key to limiting its spread. Virus nucleic acid real-time RT-PCR testing has become the current standard diagnostic method but high demand could lead to shortages. Therefore, we propose a detection strategy using a one-step nested RT-PCR. METHODOLOGY The nucleotide region in the ORF1ab gene that has the greatest differences between the human coronavirus and the bat coronavirus was selected. Primers were designed after that sequence. All diagnostic primers are species-specific since the 3´ end of the sequence differs from that of other species. A primer set also creates a synthetic positive control. Amplified products were seen in a 2.5% agarose gel, as well as in an SYBR Green-Based Real-Time RT-PCR. RESULTS Amplification was achieved for the positive control and specific regions in both techniques. CONCLUSIONS This new technique is flexible and easy to implement. It does not require a real-time thermocycler and can be interpreted in agarose gels, as well as adapted to quantify the viral genome. It has the advantage that if the coronavirus mutates in one of the key amplification nucleotides, at least one pair can still amplify, thanks to the four diagnostic primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Meza-Robles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
| | - Carlos E Barajas-Saucedo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Tiburcio-Jimenez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
| | - Karen A Mokay-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
| | - Valery Melnikov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
| | - Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nueo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico.
| | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico.
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Sergio A Zaizar-Fregoso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
| | - José Guzman-Esquivel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
| | - Mario Ramirez-Flores
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
| | - Oscar A Newton-Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Espinoza-Gómez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
| | - Osiris G Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
| | | | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
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Guzman-Esquivel J, Mendoza-Hernandez MA, Tiburcio-Jimenez D, Avila-Zamora ON, Delgado-Enciso J, De-Leon-Zaragoza L, Casarez-Price JC, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Martinez-Fierro ML, Meza-Robles C, Barocio-Acosta A, Baltazar-Rodriguez LM, Zaizar-Fregoso SA, Plata-Florenzano JE, Delgado-Enciso I. Decreased biochemical progression in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer using a novel mefenamic acid anti-inflammatory therapy: A randomized controlled trial. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:4151-4160. [PMID: 32391109 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common non-dermatological cancer in men and is a growing public health problem. Castration-resistant disease (CRD) is the most advanced stage of the disease and is difficult to control. Patients with CRD may no longer accept conventional therapies as they are not in appropriate clinical conditions or they refuse to receive it. Given that inflammation is an essential component of CRD origin and progression, anti-inflammatory agents could be a therapeutic option with fenamates as one of the proposed choices. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, 2-arm, parallel group, phase II-III clinical trial was performed involving 20 patients with CRD-PCa (with a prostate specific antigen level <100 ng/ml) that were undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and did not accept any established treatment for that disease stage. In addition to ADT, 10 patients received placebo and 10 received mefenamic acid (500 mg orally every 12 h) for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the change in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at 6 months. The PSA levels decreased significantly with mefenamic acid (an average 42% decrease), whereas there was an average 55% increase in the placebo group (P=0.024). In the patients treated with the placebo, 70% had biochemical disease progression (an increase of ≥25% in PSA levels), which did not occur in any of the patients treated with mefenamic acid (relative risk=0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.85; P=0.033). There was a significant increase in quality of life (EQ-5D-5L score) and body mass index (BMI) with the experimental treatment. In conclusion, mefenamic acid administration decreased biochemical progression in patients with castration resistant PCa, improved their quality of life and increased their BMI. Future studies are required in order to strengthen the findings of the present clinical trial. Trial registration, Cuban Public Registry of Clinical Trials Database RPCEC00000248, August 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Guzman-Esquivel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.,Department of Research, General Hospital of Zone No. 1 IMSS, Villa de Alvarez, Colima 28983, Mexico
| | | | - Daniel Tiburcio-Jimenez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Oscar N Avila-Zamora
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Josuel Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Research, Foundation for Cancer Ethics, Education and Research of The Cancerology State Institute, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Luis De-Leon-Zaragoza
- Department of Research, General Hospital of Zone No. 1 IMSS, Villa de Alvarez, Colima 28983, Mexico.,Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Juan C Casarez-Price
- Department of Research, General Hospital of Zone No. 1 IMSS, Villa de Alvarez, Colima 28983, Mexico.,Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Carmen Meza-Robles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.,Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Barocio-Acosta
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Luz M Baltazar-Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Sergio A Zaizar-Fregoso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Plata-Florenzano
- Department of Research, General Hospital of Zone No. 1 IMSS, Villa de Alvarez, Colima 28983, Mexico.,Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Iván Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.,Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
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8
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Torres-López L, Maycotte P, Liñán-Rico A, Liñán-Rico L, Donis-Maturano L, Delgado-Enciso I, Meza-Robles C, Vásquez-Jiménez C, Hernández-Cruz A, Dobrovinskaya O. Tamoxifen induces toxicity, causes autophagy, and partially reverses dexamethasone resistance in Jurkat T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:983-998. [PMID: 30645008 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2vma0818-328r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens demonstrate biological activity in numerous organ systems, including the immune system, and exert their effects through estrogen receptors (ER) of two types: intracellular ERα and ERβ that activate transcriptional factors and membrane G protein-coupled ER GPER. The latter is capable to mediate fast activation of cytosolic signaling pathways, influencing transcriptional events in response to estrogens. Tamoxifen (TAM), widely used in chemotherapy of ERα-positive breast cancer, is considered as an ERα antagonist and GPER agonist. TAM was shown to possess "off-target" cytotoxicity, not related to ER in various tumor types. The present work was designed to study biological effects of TAM on the glucocorticoid (GC)-resistant cell line Jurkat, derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia of T lineage (T-ALL). We have shown that T-ALL cell lines, in contrast to healthy T cells, express only GPER, but not ERα or ERβ. TAM compromised mitochondrial function and reduced the viability and proliferation of Jurkat cells. Additionally, TAM induced autophagy in a GPER-dependent manner. Gene expression profiling revealed the up-regulation of autophagy-related gene ATG5. Interestingly, TAM sensitized Jurkat cells to dexamethasone (DEX) treatment, which may be related to its capacity to cause autophagy. We suggest that TAM-based adjuvant therapy may represent a novel strategy in T-ALL patients handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Torres-López
- University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.,Faculty for Chemical Sciences, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Paola Maycotte
- CONACYT-Biomedical Research Center of the East, Mexican Social Security Institute, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Andrómeda Liñán-Rico
- CONACYT-University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Liliana Liñán-Rico
- University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Luis Donis-Maturano
- Ensenada Biomedical Innovation Department, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Iván Delgado-Enciso
- Medical School, University of Colima and Cancerology Institute of Colima State, Health Services, Colima, Mexico
| | - Carmen Meza-Robles
- Medical School, University of Colima and Cancerology Institute of Colima State, Health Services, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Arturo Hernández-Cruz
- National Laboratory of Channelopathies (LaNCa), National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience-Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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