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Fischer IP, Irmler M, Meyer CW, Sachs SJ, Neff F, Hrabě de Angelis M, Beckers J, Tschöp MH, Hofmann SM, Ussar S. A history of obesity leaves an inflammatory fingerprint in liver and adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:507-517. [PMID: 28901330 PMCID: PMC5880583 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Dieting is a popular yet often ineffective way to lower body weight, as the majority of people regain most of their pre-dieting weights in a relatively short time. The underlying molecular mechanisms driving weight regain and the increased risk for metabolic disease are still incompletely understood. Here we investigate the molecular alterations inherited from a history of obesity. METHODS In our model, male high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese C57BL/6J mice were switched to a low caloric chow diet, resulting in a decline of body weight to that of lean mice. We measured body composition, as well as metrics of glucose, insulin and lipid homeostasis. This was accompanied by histological and gene expression analysis of adipose tissue and liver to assess adipose tissue inflammation and hepatosteatosis. Moreover, acute hypothalamic response to (re-) exposure to HFD was assessed by qPCR. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Within 7 weeks after diet switch, most obesity-associated phenotypes, such as body mass, glucose intolerance and blood metabolite levels were reversed. However, hepatic inflammation, hepatic steatosis as well as hypertrophy and inflammation of perigonadal, but not subcutaneous, adipocytes persisted in formerly obese mice. Transcriptional profiling of liver and perigonadal fat revealed an upregulation of pathways associated with immune function and cellularity. Thus, we show that weight reduction leaves signs of inflammation in liver and perigonadal fat, indicating that persisting proinflammatory signals in liver and adipose tissue could contribute to an increased risk of formerly obese subjects to develop the metabolic syndrome upon recurring weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Fischer
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Garching, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Irmler
- Institute for Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C W Meyer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S J Sachs
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV der LMU, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Garching, Germany
| | - F Neff
- Institute for Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Hrabě de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Freising, Germany
| | - J Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Freising, Germany
| | - M H Tschöp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Garching, Germany
| | - S M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV der LMU, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Garching, Germany
| | - S Ussar
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Garching, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Balsevich G, Häusl AS, Meyer CW, Karamihalev S, Feng X, Pöhlmann ML, Dournes C, Uribe-Marino A, Santarelli S, Labermaier C, Hafner K, Mao T, Breitsamer M, Theodoropoulou M, Namendorf C, Uhr M, Paez-Pereda M, Winter G, Hausch F, Chen A, Tschöp MH, Rein T, Gassen NC, Schmidt MV. Stress-responsive FKBP51 regulates AKT2-AS160 signaling and metabolic function. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1725. [PMID: 29170369 PMCID: PMC5700978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-chaperone FKBP5 is a stress-responsive protein-regulating stress reactivity, and its genetic variants are associated with T2D related traits and other stress-related disorders. Here we show that FKBP51 plays a role in energy and glucose homeostasis. Fkbp5 knockout (51KO) mice are protected from high-fat diet-induced weight gain, show improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Chronic treatment with a novel FKBP51 antagonist, SAFit2, recapitulates the effects of FKBP51 deletion on both body weight regulation and glucose tolerance. Using shorter SAFit2 treatment, we show that glucose tolerance improvement precedes the reduction in body weight. Mechanistically, we identify a novel association between FKBP51 and AS160, a substrate of AKT2 that is involved in glucose uptake. FKBP51 antagonism increases the phosphorylation of AS160, increases glucose transporter 4 expression at the plasma membrane, and ultimately enhances glucose uptake in skeletal myotubes. We propose FKBP51 as a mediator between stress and T2D development, and potential target for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Balsevich
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander S Häusl
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola W Meyer
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Parkring 13, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Stoyo Karamihalev
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Xixi Feng
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Max L Pöhlmann
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Carine Dournes
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Andres Uribe-Marino
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Santarelli
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiana Labermaier
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hafner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Tianqi Mao
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Marily Theodoropoulou
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Namendorf
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Uhr
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcelo Paez-Pereda
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Ludwig Maximilians University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Technical University Darmstadt, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Parkring 13, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Key Points Rectal probing is subject to procedural bias. This method is suitable for first-line phenotyping, provided probe depth and measurement duration are standardized. It is also useful for detecting individuals with out-of-range body temperatures (during hypothermia, torpor).The colonic temperature attained by inserting the probe >2 cm deep is a measure of deep (core) body temperature.IR imaging of the skin is useful for detecting heat leaks and autonomous thermoregulatory alterations, but it does not measure body temperature.Temperature of the hairy or shaved skin covering the inter-scapular brown adipose tissue can be used as a measure of BAT thermogenesis. However, obtaining such measurements of sufficient quality is very difficult, and interpreting them can be tricky. Temperature differences between the inter-scapular and lumbar areas can be a better measure of the thermogenic activity of inter-scapular brown adipose tissue.Implanted probes for precise determination of BAT temperature (changes) should be fixed close to the Sulzer's vein. For measurement of BAT thermogenesis, core body temperature and BAT temperature should be recorded simultaneously.Tail temperature is suitable to compare the presence or absence of vasoconstriction or vasodilation.Continuous, longitudinal monitoring of core body temperature is preferred over single probing, as the readings are taken in a non-invasive, physiological context.Combining core body temperature measurements with metabolic rate measurements yields insights into the interplay between heat production and heat loss (thermal conductance), potentially revealing novel thermoregulatory phenotypes. Endothermic organisms rely on tightly balanced energy budgets to maintain a regulated body temperature and body mass. Metabolic phenotyping of mice, therefore, often includes the recording of body temperature. Thermometry in mice is conducted at various sites, using various devices and measurement practices, ranging from single-time probing to continuous temperature imaging. Whilst there is broad agreement that body temperature data is of value, procedural considerations of body temperature measurements in the context of metabolic phenotyping are missing. Here, we provide an overview of the various methods currently available for gathering body temperature data from mice. We explore the scope and limitations of thermometry in mice, with the hope of assisting researchers in the selection of appropriate approaches, and conditions, for comprehensive mouse phenotypic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola W Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Youichirou Ootsuka
- Centre for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrej A Romanovsky
- FeverLab, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenix, AZ, United States
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García-Cáceres C, Quarta C, Varela L, Gao Y, Gruber T, Legutko B, Jastroch M, Johansson P, Ninkovic J, Yi CX, Le Thuc O, Szigeti-Buck K, Cai W, Meyer CW, Pfluger PT, Fernandez AM, Luquet S, Woods SC, Torres-Alemán I, Kahn CR, Götz M, Horvath TL, Tschöp MH. Astrocytic Insulin Signaling Couples Brain Glucose Uptake with Nutrient Availability. Cell 2016; 166:867-880. [PMID: 27518562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report that astrocytic insulin signaling co-regulates hypothalamic glucose sensing and systemic glucose metabolism. Postnatal ablation of insulin receptors (IRs) in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells affects hypothalamic astrocyte morphology, mitochondrial function, and circuit connectivity. Accordingly, astrocytic IR ablation reduces glucose-induced activation of hypothalamic pro-opio-melanocortin (POMC) neurons and impairs physiological responses to changes in glucose availability. Hypothalamus-specific knockout of astrocytic IRs, as well as postnatal ablation by targeting glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST)-expressing cells, replicates such alterations. A normal response to altering directly CNS glucose levels in mice lacking astrocytic IRs indicates a role in glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This was confirmed in vivo in GFAP-IR KO mice by using positron emission tomography and glucose monitoring in cerebral spinal fluid. We conclude that insulin signaling in hypothalamic astrocytes co-controls CNS glucose sensing and systemic glucose metabolism via regulation of glucose uptake across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Cáceres
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Varela
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Gruber
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Beata Legutko
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Pia Johansson
- Institute of Stem Cell Research Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; 7SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; 7SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Ophelia Le Thuc
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Weikang Cai
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carola W Meyer
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Stephen C Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, 2170 Galbraith Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | | | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Institute of Stem Cell Research Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; 7SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany.
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Meyer CW, Solano A. BILATERAL KEY COMPARISON SIM.T-K6.5 ON HUMIDITY STANDARDS IN THE DEW/FROST-POINT TEMPERATURE RANGE FROM -30 °C TO +20 °C. Metrologia 2016; 53:03005. [PMID: 28066029 PMCID: PMC5217764 DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1a/03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A Regional Metrology Organization (RMO) Key Comparison of dew/frost point temperatures over the range -30 °C TO +20 °C was carried out by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA) and the Laboratorio Costarricense de Metrología (LACOMET, Costa Rica), between February 2015 and August 2015. The results of this comparison are reported here, along with descriptions of the humidity laboratory standards for NIST and LACOMET and the uncertainty budget for these standards. This report also describes the protocol for the comparison and presents the data acquired. The results are analyzed, determining the degree of equivalence between the dew/frost-point standards of NIST and LACOMET.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Meyer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
| | - A Solano
- Laboratorio Costarricense de Metrología (LACOMET), Costa Rica
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Clemmensen C, Finan B, Fischer K, Tom RZ, Legutko B, Sehrer L, Heine D, Grassl N, Meyer CW, Henderson B, Hofmann SM, Tschöp MH, Van der Ploeg LHT, Müller TD. Dual melanocortin-4 receptor and GLP-1 receptor agonism amplifies metabolic benefits in diet-induced obese mice. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:288-98. [PMID: 25652173 PMCID: PMC4364946 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the efficacy of simultaneous agonism at the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) for the treatment of obesity and diabetes in rodents. Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were chronically treated with either the long-acting GLP-1R agonist liraglutide, the MC4R agonist RM-493 or a combination of RM-493 and liraglutide. Co-treatment of DIO mice with RM-493 and liraglutide improves body weight loss and enhances glycemic control and cholesterol metabolism beyond what can be achieved with either mono-therapy. The superior metabolic efficacy of this combination therapy is attributed to the anorectic and glycemic actions of both drugs, along with the ability of RM-493 to increase energy expenditure. Interestingly, compared to mice treated with liraglutide alone, hypothalamic Glp-1r expression was higher in mice treated with the combination therapy after both acute and chronic treatment. Further, RM-493 enhanced hypothalamic Mc4r expression. Hence, co-dosing with MC4R and GLP-1R agonists increases expression of each receptor, indicative of minimized receptor desensitization. Together, these findings suggest potential opportunities for employing combination treatments that comprise parallel MC4R and GLP-1R agonism for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Brian Finan
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Fischer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robby Zachariah Tom
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beata Legutko
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Sehrer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Heine
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas Grassl
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola W Meyer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity & Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Meyer CW, Reitmeir P, Tschöp MH. Exploration of Energy Metabolism in the Mouse Using Indirect Calorimetry: Measurement of Daily Energy Expenditure (DEE) and Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:205-222. [PMID: 26331756 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo140216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Current comprehensive mouse metabolic phenotyping involves studying energy balance in cohorts of mice via indirect calorimetry, which determines heat release from changes in respiratory air composition. Here, we describe the measurement of daily energy expenditure (DEE) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in mice. These well-defined metabolic descriptors serve as meaningful first-line read-outs for metabolic phenotyping and should be reported when exploring energy expenditure in mice. For further guidance, the issue of appropriate sample sizes and the frequency of sampling of metabolic measurements is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola W Meyer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Reitmeir
- Institute for Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz-Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Keipert S, Kutschke M, Lamp D, Brachthäuser L, Neff F, Meyer CW, Oelkrug R, Kharitonenkov A, Jastroch M. Genetic disruption of uncoupling protein 1 in mice renders brown adipose tissue a significant source of FGF21 secretion. Mol Metab 2015; 4:537-42. [PMID: 26137441 PMCID: PMC4481421 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an important auto- and endocrine player with beneficial metabolic effects on obesity and diabetes. In humans, thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) was recently suggested as a source of FGF21 secretion during cold exposure. Here, we aim to clarify the role of UCP1 and ambient temperature in the regulation of FGF21 in mice. METHODS Wildtype (WT) and UCP1-knockout (UCP1 KO) mice, the latter being devoid of BAT-derived non-shivering thermogenesis, were exposed to different housing temperatures. Plasma metabolites and FGF21 levels were determined, gene expression was analyzed by qPCR, and tissue histology was performed with adipose tissue. RESULTS At thermoneutrality, FGF21 gene expression and serum levels were not different between WT and UCP1 KO mice. Cold exposure led to highly increased FGF21 serum levels in UCP1 KO mice, which were reflected in increased FGF21 gene expression in adipose tissues but not in liver and skeletal muscle. Ex vivo secretion assays revealed FGF21 release only from BAT, progressively increasing with decreasing ambient temperatures. In association with increased FGF21 serum levels in the UCP1 KO mouse, typical FGF21-related serum metabolites and inguinal white adipose tissue morphology and thermogenic gene expression were altered. CONCLUSIONS Here we show that the genetic ablation of UCP1 increases FGF21 gene expression in adipose tissue. The removal of adaptive nonshivering thermogenesis renders BAT a significant source of endogenous FGF21 under thermal stress. Thus, the thermogenic competence of BAT is not a requirement for FGF21 secretion. Notably, high endogenous FGF21 levels in UCP1-deficient models and subjects may confound pharmacological FGF21 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Keipert
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kutschke
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Lamp
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Brachthäuser
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carola W. Meyer
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Animal Physiology, Philipps-Universität, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biomedical Center, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Animal Physiology, Philipps-Universität, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Jastroch
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Animal Physiology, Philipps-Universität, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Corresponding author. Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. Tel.: +49 89 3187 2105.
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9
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Oelkrug R, Goetze N, Meyer CW, Jastroch M. Antioxidant properties of UCP1 are evolutionarily conserved in mammals and buffer mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:210-6. [PMID: 25224037 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and appears to be important for cellular signaling/protection, making it a focus for the treatment of metabolic and age-related diseases. Whereas the physiological role of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) of brown adipose tissue is established for thermogenesis, the function of UCP1 in the reduction of ROS in cold-exposed animals is currently under debate. Here, we investigated the role of UCP1 in mitochondrial ROS handling in the Lesser hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi), a unique protoendothermic Malagasy mammal with recently identified brown adipose tissue (BAT). We show that the reduction of ROS by UCP1 activity also occurs in BAT mitochondria of the tenrec, suggesting that the antioxidative role of UCP1 is an ancient mammalian trait. Our analysis shows that the quantity of UCP1 displays strong control over mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release, whereas other factors, such as mild cold, nonshivering thermogenesis, oxidative capacity, and mitochondrial respiration, do not correlate. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide release from recoupled BAT mitochondria was positively associated with mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings led to a model of UCP1 controlling mitochondrial ROS release and, presumably, being controlled by high membrane potential, as proposed in the canonical model of "mild uncoupling". Our study further promotes a conserved role for UCP1 in the prevention of oxidative stress, which was presumably established during evolution before UCP1 was physiologically integrated into nonshivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Oelkrug
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Goetze
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Carola W Meyer
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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10
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Busse S, Lutter D, Heldmaier G, Jastroch M, Meyer CW. Torpor at high ambient temperature in a neotropical didelphid, the grey short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Naturwissenschaften 2014; 101:1003-6. [PMID: 25142634 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-014-1226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The grey short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica, has been an established research animal for more than five decades, but relatively, little is known about its thermophysiology. Here we studied core body temperature (T b) and metabolic rate (MR) of female adult M. domestica housed in the laboratory at an ambient temperature (T a) of 26 °C. In expanding previous reports, the average recorded core T b of M. domestica was 34.3 °C. The T b of an individual M. domestica can drop below 30 °C (minimal T b: 28.6 °C) accompanied by a reduction in MR of up to 52 % even while having ad libitum access to food. These findings demonstrate for the first time the presence of spontaneous torpor in M. domestica. Metabolic suppression at relatively high T a and T b furthermore broadens our perspective on the use of torpor as a metabolic strategy not just restricted to cold climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Busse
- Animal Physiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von Frisch Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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11
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Meyer CW, Hill KD. BILATERAL KEY COMPARISON SIM.T-K6.1 ON HUMIDITY STANDARDS IN THE DEW/FROST-POINT TEMPERATURE RANGE FROM -25 °C TO +20 °C. Metrologia 2014; 51:03002. [PMID: 26663952 PMCID: PMC4671276 DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/51/1a/03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A Regional Metrology Organization (RMO) Key Comparison of dew/frost point temperatures was carried out by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA) and the National Research Council (NRC, Canada) between December 2014 and April, 2015. The results of this comparison are reported here, along with descriptions of the humidity laboratory standards for NIST and NRC and the uncertainty budget for these standards. This report also describes the protocol for the comparison and presents the data acquired. The results are analyzed, determining degree of equivalence between the dew/frost-point standards of NIST and NRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Meyer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
| | - K D Hill
- National Research Council (NRC), Canada
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12
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Grimpo K, Kutschke M, Kastl A, Meyer CW, Heldmaier G, Exner C, Jastroch M. Metabolic depression during warm torpor in the Golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus) does not affect mitochondrial respiration and hydrogen peroxide release. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 167:7-14. [PMID: 24021912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small mammals actively decrease metabolism during daily torpor and hibernation to save energy. Recently, depression of mitochondrial substrate oxidation in isolated liver mitochondria was observed and associated to hypothermic/hypometabolic states in Djungarian hamsters, mice and hibernators. We aimed to clarify whether hypothermia or hypometabolism causes mitochondrial depression during torpor by studying the Golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus), a desert rodent which performs daily torpor at high ambient temperatures of 32°C. Notably, metabolic rate but not body temperature is significantly decreased under these conditions. In isolated liver, heart, skeletal muscle or kidney mitochondria we found no depression of respiration. Moderate cold exposure lowered torpor body temperature but had minor effects on minimal metabolic rate in torpor. Neither decreased body temperature nor metabolic rate impacted mitochondrial respiration. Measurements of mitochondrial proton leak kinetics and determination of P/O ratio revealed no differences in mitochondrial efficiency. Hydrogen peroxide release from mitochondria was not affected. We conclude that interspecies differences of mitochondrial depression during torpor do not support a general relationship between mitochondrial respiration, body temperature and metabolic rate. In Golden spiny mice, reduction of metabolic rate at mild temperatures is not triggered by depression of substrate oxidation as found in liver mitochondria from other cold-exposed rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Grimpo
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Department of Animal Physiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Yi
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Müller TD, Müller A, Habegger K, Yi CX, Meyer CW, Gaylinn BD, Finan B, Heppner K, Trivedi C, Bielohuby M, Abplanalp W, Meyer F, Piechowski CL, Pratzka J, Stemmer K, Holland J, Hembree J, Bhardwaj N, Raver C, Ottaway N, Krishna R, Sah R, Sallee FR, Woods SC, Perez-Tilve D, Bidlingmaier M, Thorner MO, Krude H, Smiley D, DiMarchi R, Hofmann S, Pfluger PT, Kleinau G, Biebermann H, Tschöp MH. The orphan receptor GPR83 regulates systemic energy metabolism via ghrelin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1336629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Klingenspor M, Willershäuser M, Jastroch M, Rourke BC, Fromme T, Oelkrug R, Heldmaier G, Meyer CW. Adaptive thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue in cold acclimated UCP1‐KO mice. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1044.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, EKFZTechnische Universität MünchenFreising‐WeihenstephanGermany
| | | | | | - Bryan C. Rourke
- Department of Biological SciencesCalifornia State UniversityLong BeachCA
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, EKFZTechnische Universität MünchenFreising‐WeihenstephanGermany
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16
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Meyer CW, Willershäuser M, Jastroch M, Rourke BC, Fromme T, Oelkrug R, Heldmaier G, Klingenspor M. Adaptive thermogenesis and thermal conductance in wild-type and UCP1-KO mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R1396-406. [PMID: 20826705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00021.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We compared maximal cold-induced heat production (HPmax) and cold limits between warm (WA; 27°C), moderate cold (MCA; 18°C), or cold acclimated (CA; 5°C) wild-type and uncoupling-protein 1 knockout (UCP1-KO) mice. In wild-type mice, HPmax was successively increased after MCA and CA, and the cold limit was lowered to -8.3°C and -18.0°C, respectively. UCP1-KO mice also increased HPmax in response to MCA and CA, although to a lesser extent. Direct comparison revealed a maximal cold-induced recruitment of heat production by +473 mW and +227 mW in wild-type and UCP1-KO mice, respectively. The increase in cold tolerance of UCP1-KO mice from -0.9°C in MCA to -10.1°C in CA could not be directly related to changes in HPmax, indicating that UCP1-KO mice used the dissipated heat more efficiently than wild-type mice. As judged from respiratory quotients, acutely cold-challenged UCP1-KO mice showed a delayed transition toward lipid oxidation, and 5-h cold exposure revealed diminished physical activity and less variability in the control of metabolic rate. We conclude that BAT is required for maximal adaptive thermogenesis but also allows metabolic flexibility and a rapid switch toward sustained lipid-fuelled thermogenesis as an acute response to cold. In both CA groups, expression of contractile proteins (myosin heavy-chain isoforms) showed minor training effects in skeletal muscles, while cardiac muscle of UCP1-KO mice had novel expression of beta cardiac isoform. Neither respiration nor basal proton conductance of skeletal muscle mitochondria were different between genotypes. In subcutaneous white adipose tissue of UCP1-KO mice, cold exposure increased cytochrome-c oxidase activity and expression of the cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A by 3.6-fold and 15-fold, respectively, indicating the recruitment of mitochondria-rich brown adipocyte-like cells. Absence of functional BAT leads to remodeling of white adipose tissue, which may significantly contribute to adaptive thermogenesis during cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola W Meyer
- Dept. of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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17
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Oelkrug R, Kutschke M, Meyer CW, Heldmaier G, Jastroch M. Uncoupling protein 1 decreases superoxide production in brown adipose tissue mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:21961-8. [PMID: 20466728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In thermogenic brown adipose tissue, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) catalyzes the dissipation of mitochondrial proton motive force as heat. In a cellular environment of high oxidative capacity such as brown adipose tissue (BAT), mitochondrial uncoupling could also reduce deleterious reactive oxygen species, but the specific involvement of UCP1 in this process is disputed. By comparing brown adipose tissue mitochondria of wild type mice and UCP1-ablated litter mates, we show that UCP1 potently reduces mitochondrial superoxide production after cold acclimation and during fatty acid oxidation. We address the sites of superoxide production and suggest diminished probability of "reverse electron transport" facilitated by uncoupled respiration as the underlying mechanism of reactive oxygen species suppression in BAT. Furthermore, ablation of UCP1 represses the cold-stimulated increase of substrate oxidation normally seen in active BAT, resulting in lower superoxide production, presumably avoiding deleterious oxidative damage. We conclude that UCP1 allows high oxidative capacity without promoting oxidative damage by simultaneously lowering superoxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Oelkrug
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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18
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Vegiopoulos A, Müller-Decker K, Strzoda D, Schmitt I, Chichelnitskiy E, Ostertag A, Berriel Diaz M, Rozman J, Hrabe de Angelis M, Nüsing RM, Meyer CW, Wahli W, Klingenspor M, Herzig S. Cyclooxygenase-2 controls energy homeostasis in mice by de novo recruitment of brown adipocytes. Science 2010; 328:1158-61. [PMID: 20448152 DOI: 10.1126/science.1186034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results from chronic energy surplus and excess lipid storage in white adipose tissue (WAT). In contrast, brown adipose tissue (BAT) efficiently burns lipids through adaptive thermogenesis. Studying mouse models, we show that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, is a downstream effector of beta-adrenergic signaling in WAT and is required for the induction of BAT in WAT depots. PG shifted the differentiation of defined mesenchymal progenitors toward a brown adipocyte phenotype. Overexpression of COX-2 in WAT induced de novo BAT recruitment in WAT, increased systemic energy expenditure, and protected mice against high-fat diet-induced obesity. Thus, COX-2 appears integral to de novo BAT recruitment, which suggests that the PG pathway regulates systemic energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Vegiopoulos
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Jastroch M, Keipert S, Meyer CW, Kutschke M, Heldmaier G, Klaus S, Oelkrug R. Physiological Significance of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 1 in the Prevention of Reactive Oxygen Species and Control of Substrate Oxidation. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.lb585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Group of Energy MetabolismGerman Institute of Human NutritionNuthetalGermany
| | | | | | | | - Susanne Klaus
- Group of Energy MetabolismGerman Institute of Human NutritionNuthetalGermany
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20
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Meyer CW, Wagener A, Rink N, Hantschel C, Heldmaier G, Klingenspor M, Brockmann GA. High energy digestion efficiency and altered lipid metabolism contribute to obesity in BFMI mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:1988-93. [PMID: 19390516 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To constitute a valuable resource to identify individual genes involved in the development of obesity, a novel mouse model, the Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line 860 (BFMI860), was established. In order to characterize energy intake and energy expenditure in obese BFMI860 mice, we performed two independent sets of experiments in male BFMI860 and B6 control mice (10 per line). In experiment 1, we analyzed body fat content noninvasively by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and measured resting metabolic rate at thermoneutrality (RMRt) and respiratory quotient (RQ) in week 6, 10, and 18. In a second experiment, energy digested (energy intake minus fecal energy loss) was determined by bomb calorimetry from week 6 through week 12. BFMI860 mice were heavier and had higher fat mass (final body fat content was 24.7% compared with 14.6% in B6). They also showed fatty liver syndrome. High body fat accumulation in BFMI860 mice was restricted to weeks 6-10 and was accompanied by hyperphagia, higher energy digestion, higher RQs, and abnormally high blood triglyceride levels. Lean mass-adjusted RMRt was not altered between lines. These results indicate that in BFMI860 mice, the excessive accumulation of body fat is associated with altered lipid metabolism, high energy intake, and energy digestion. Assuming that BFMI860 mice and their obese phenotypes are of polygenic nature, this line is an excellent model for the study of obesity in humans, especially for juvenile obesity and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola W Meyer
- Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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21
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Nau K, Fromme T, Meyer CW, von Praun C, Heldmaier G, Klingenspor M. Brown adipose tissue specific lack of uncoupling protein 3 is associated with impaired cold tolerance and reduced transcript levels of metabolic genes. J Comp Physiol B 2007; 178:269-77. [PMID: 17987299 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-007-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3) is located within the mitochondrial inner membrane of brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. It is thought to be implicated in lipid metabolism and defense against reactive oxygen species. We previously reported on a mutation in our breeding colony of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) that leads to brown adipose tissue specific lack of Ucp3 expression. In this study we compared wildtype with mutant hamsters on a broad genetic background. Hamsters lacking Ucp3 in brown adipose tissue displayed a reduced cold tolerance due to impaired nonshivering thermogenesis. This phenotype is associated with a global decrease in expression of metabolic genes but not of uncoupling protein 1. These data implicate that Ucp3 is necessary to sustain high metabolic rates in brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Nau
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Mzilikazi N, Jastroch M, Meyer CW, Klingenspor M. The molecular and biochemical basis of nonshivering thermogenesis in an African endemic mammal, Elephantulus myurus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R2120-7. [PMID: 17686883 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00427.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mediated nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important avenue of thermoregulatory heat production in many mammalian species. Until recently, UCP1 was thought to occur exclusively in eutherians. In the light of the recent finding that UCP1 is already present in fish, it is of interest to investigate when UCP1 gained a thermogenic function in the vertebrate lineage. We elucidated the basis of NST in the rock elephant shrew, Elephantulus myurus (Afrotheria: Macroscelidea). We sequenced Ucp1 and detected Ucp1 mRNA and protein restricted to brown fat deposits. We found that cytochrome c oxidase activity was highest in these deposits when compared with liver and skeletal muscle. Consistent with a thermogenic function of UCP1 isolated BAT mitochondria showed increased state 4 respiration in the cold, as well as palmitate-induced, GDP-sensitive proton conductance, which was absent in liver mitochondria. On the whole animal level, evidence of thermogenic function was further corroborated by an increased metabolic response to norepinephrine (NE) injection. Cold acclimation (18 degrees C) led to an increased basal metabolic rate relative to warm acclimation (28 degrees C) in E. myurus, but there was no evidence of additional recruitment of NE-induced NST capacity in response to cold acclimation. In summary, we showed that BAT and functional UCP1 are already present in a member of the Afrotheria, but the seasonal regulation and adaptive value of NST in Afrotherians remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomakwezi Mzilikazi
- Dept. of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
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Meyer CW, Elvert R, Scherag A, Ehrhardt N, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Schäfer H, Hrabé de Angelis M, Heldmaier G, Klingenspor M. Power matters in closing the phenotyping gap. Naturwissenschaften 2007; 94:401-6. [PMID: 17216184 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-006-0203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Much of our understanding of physiology and metabolism is derived from investigating mouse mutants and transgenic mice, and open-access platforms for standardized mouse phenotyping such as the German Mouse Clinic (GMC) are currently viewed as one powerful tool for identifying novel gene-function relationships. Phenotyping or phenotypic screening involves the comparison of wild-type control mice with their mutant or transgenic littermates. In our study, we explored the extent to which standardized phenotyping will succeed in detecting biologically relevant phenotypic differences in mice generated and provided by different collaborators. We analyzed quantitative metabolic data (body mass, energy intake, and energy metabolized) collected at the GMC under the current workflow, and used them for statistical power considerations. Our results demonstrate that there is substantial variability in these parameters among lines of wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice from different sources. Given this variable background noise in mice that serve as controls, subtle phenotypes in mutant or transgenic littermates may be overlooked. Furthermore, a phenotype observed in one cohort of a mutant line may not be reproducible (to the same extent) in mice coming from a different environment or supplier. In the light of these constraints, we encourage researchers to incorporate information on intrastrain variability into future study planning, or to perform advanced hierarchical analyses. Both will ultimately improve the detectability of novel phenotypes by phenotypic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola W Meyer
- Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, Marburg, Germany.
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Meyer CW, Neubronner J, Rozman J, Stumm G, Osanger A, Stoeger C, Augustin M, Grosse J, Klingenspor M, Heldmaier G. Expanding the body mass range: associations between BMR and tissue morphology in wild type and mutant dwarf mice (David mice). J Comp Physiol B 2006; 177:183-92. [PMID: 17009045 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-006-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We sought to identify associations of basal metabolic rate (BMR) with morphological traits in laboratory mice. In order to expand the body mass (BM) range at the intra-strain level, and to minimize relevant genetic variation, we used male and female wild type mice (C3HeB/FeJ) and previously unpublished ENU-induced dwarf mutant littermates (David mice), covering a body mass range from 13.5 g through 32.3 g. BMR was measured at 30 degrees C, mice were killed by means of CO(2 )overdose, and body composition (fat mass and lean mass) was subsequently analyzed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), after which mice were dissected into 12 (males) and 10 (females) components, respectively. Across the 44 individuals, 43% of the variation in the basal rates of metabolism was associated with BM. The latter explained 47% to 98% of the variability in morphology of the different tissues. Our results demonstrate that sex is a major determinant of body composition and BMR in mice: when adjusted for BM, females contained many larger organs, more fat mass, and less lean mass compared to males. This could be associated with a higher mass adjusted BMR in females. Once the dominant effects of sex and BM on BMR and tissue mass were removed, and after accounting for multiple comparisons, no further significant association between individual variation in BMR and tissue mass emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola W Meyer
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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Meyer CW, Cannell DS, Ahlers G. Hexagonal and roll flow patterns in temporally modulated Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Phys Rev A 1992; 45:8583-8604. [PMID: 9906959 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.8583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Meyer CW, Ahlers G, Cannell DS. Stochastic influences on pattern formation in Rayleigh-Bénard convection: Ramping experiments. Phys Rev A 1991; 44:2514-2537. [PMID: 9906233 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Meyer CW, Cannell DS, Ahlers G, Swift JB, Hohenberg PC. Pattern competition in temporally modulated Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Phys Rev Lett 1988; 61:947-950. [PMID: 10039475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Strong SR, Hills HI, Kilmartin CT, De Vries H, Lanier K, Nelson BN, Strickland D, Meyer CW. The dynamic relations among interpersonal behaviors: a test of complementarity and anticomplementarity. J Pers Soc Psychol 1988. [PMID: 3379580 DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the positions of behaviors relative to one another in the interpersonal circle, the principles of complementarity and anticomplementarity specify how people's behaviors influence one another in interpersonal interactions. Pairs of undergraduate women (1 subject, N = 80, and 1 confederate) collaborated for 16 min to create and agree on stories for two pictures. Confederates performed scripted roles that emphasized one of eight interpersonal behaviors. Behaviors were coded into eight categories, and the relative effect of each confederate behavior on each subject behavior was determined. Using the geometric properties of the interpersonal circle, vectors were calculated that identified the relative impact of each confederate stimulus behavior on the overall pattern of subject responses. Results were consistent with the dynamic relations among interpersonal behaviors that complementarity and anticomplementarity propose and demonstrated that how a person behaves toward another systematically and profoundly affects how the other behaves toward the person.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Strong
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23284-0001
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Strong SR, Hills HI, Kilmartin CT, De Vries H, Lanier K, Nelson BN, Strickland D, Meyer CW. The dynamic relations among interpersonal behaviors: A test of complementarity and anticomplementarity. J Pers Soc Psychol 1988; 54:798-810. [PMID: 3379580 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the positions of behaviors relative to one another in the interpersonal circle, the principles of complementarity and anticomplementarity specify how people's behaviors influence one another in interpersonal interactions. Pairs of undergraduate women (1 subject, N = 80, and 1 confederate) collaborated for 16 min to create and agree on stories for two pictures. Confederates performed scripted roles that emphasized one of eight interpersonal behaviors. Behaviors were coded into eight categories, and the relative effect of each confederate behavior on each subject behavior was determined. Using the geometric properties of the interpersonal circle, vectors were calculated that identified the relative impact of each confederate stimulus behavior on the overall pattern of subject responses. Results were consistent with the dynamic relations among interpersonal behaviors that complementarity and anticomplementarity propose and demonstrated that how a person behaves toward another systematically and profoundly affects how the other behaves toward the person.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Strong
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23284-0001
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Wolfe DA, Meyer CW. Obstructing intestinal abscess in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1975; 166:518-9. [PMID: 1112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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