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Tucker NR, Chaffin M, Fleming SJ, Hall AW, Parsons VA, Bedi KC, Akkad AD, Herndon CN, Arduini A, Papangeli I, Roselli C, Aguet F, Choi SH, Ardlie KG, Babadi M, Margulies KB, Stegmann CM, Ellinor PT. Transcriptional and Cellular Diversity of the Human Heart. Circulation 2020; 142:466-482. [PMID: 32403949 PMCID: PMC7666104 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.045401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human heart requires a complex ensemble of specialized cell types to perform its essential function. A greater knowledge of the intricate cellular milieu of the heart is critical to increase our understanding of cardiac homeostasis and pathology. As recent advances in low-input RNA sequencing have allowed definitions of cellular transcriptomes at single-cell resolution at scale, we have applied these approaches to assess the cellular and transcriptional diversity of the nonfailing human heart. METHODS Microfluidic encapsulation and barcoding was used to perform single nuclear RNA sequencing with samples from 7 human donors, selected for their absence of overt cardiac disease. Individual nuclear transcriptomes were then clustered based on transcriptional profiles of highly variable genes. These clusters were used as the basis for between-chamber and between-sex differential gene expression analyses and intersection with genetic and pharmacologic data. RESULTS We sequenced the transcriptomes of 287 269 single cardiac nuclei, revealing 9 major cell types and 20 subclusters of cell types within the human heart. Cellular subclasses include 2 distinct groups of resident macrophages, 4 endothelial subtypes, and 2 fibroblast subsets. Comparisons of cellular transcriptomes by cardiac chamber or sex reveal diversity not only in cardiomyocyte transcriptional programs but also in subtypes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and vascularization. Using genetic association data, we identified strong enrichment for the role of cell subtypes in cardiac traits and diseases. Intersection of our data set with genes on cardiac clinical testing panels and the druggable genome reveals striking patterns of cellular specificity. CONCLUSIONS Using large-scale single nuclei RNA sequencing, we defined the transcriptional and cellular diversity in the normal human heart. Our identification of discrete cell subtypes and differentially expressed genes within the heart will ultimately facilitate the development of new therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Tucker
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02114
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA 13501
| | - Mark Chaffin
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Stephen J. Fleming
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Data Sciences Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Amelia W. Hall
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02114
| | - Victoria A. Parsons
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02114
| | - Kenneth C. Bedi
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Amer-Denis Akkad
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Bayer US LLC, Cambridge, MA, 02142
| | - Caroline N. Herndon
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Alessandro Arduini
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Irinna Papangeli
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Bayer US LLC, Cambridge, MA, 02142
| | - Carolina Roselli
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP, Groningen, NL
| | - François Aguet
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | | | - Mehrtash Babadi
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Data Sciences Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Christian M. Stegmann
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Bayer US LLC, Cambridge, MA, 02142
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02114
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Macri V, Brody JA, Arking DE, Hucker WJ, Yin X, Lin H, Mills RW, Sinner MF, Lubitz SA, Liu CT, Morrison AC, Alonso A, Li N, Fedorov VV, Janssen PM, Bis JC, Heckbert SR, Dolmatova EV, Lumley T, Sitlani CM, Cupples LA, Pulit SL, Newton-Cheh C, Barnard J, Smith JD, Van Wagoner DR, Chung MK, Vlahakes GJ, O'Donnell CJ, Rotter JI, Margulies KB, Morley MP, Cappola TP, Benjamin EJ, Muzny D, Gibbs RA, Jackson RD, Magnani JW, Herndon CN, Rich SS, Psaty BM, Milan DJ, Boerwinkle E, Mohler PJ, Sotoodehnia N, Ellinor PT. Common Coding Variants in SCN10A Are Associated With the Nav1.8 Late Current and Cardiac Conduction. Circ Genom Precis Med 2019; 11:e001663. [PMID: 29752399 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.116.001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants at the SCN5A/SCN10A locus are strongly associated with electrocardiographic PR and QRS intervals. While SCN5A is the canonical cardiac sodium channel gene, the role of SCN10A in cardiac conduction is less well characterized. METHODS We sequenced the SCN10A locus in 3699 European-ancestry individuals to identify variants associated with cardiac conduction, and replicated our findings in 21,000 individuals of European ancestry. We examined association with expression in human atrial tissue. We explored the biophysical effect of variation on channel function using cellular electrophysiology. RESULTS We identified 2 intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms in high linkage disequilibrium (r 2=0.86) with each other to be the strongest signals for PR (rs10428132, β=-4.74, P=1.52×10-14) and QRS intervals (rs6599251, QRS β=-0.73; P=1.2×10-4), respectively. Although these variants were not associated with SCN5A or SCN10A expression in human atrial tissue (n=490), they were in high linkage disequilibrium (r 2≥0.72) with a common SCN10A missense variant, rs6795970 (V1073A). In total, we identified 7 missense variants, 4 of which (I962V, P1045T, V1073A, and L1092P) were associated with cardiac conduction. These 4 missense variants cluster in the cytoplasmic linker of the second and third domains of the SCN10A protein and together form 6 common haplotypes. Using cellular electrophysiology, we found that haplotypes associated with shorter PR intervals had a significantly larger percentage of late current compared with wild-type (I962V+V1073A+L1092P, 20.2±3.3%, P=0.03, and I962V+V1073A, 22.4±0.8%, P=0.0004 versus wild-type 11.7±1.6%), and the haplotype associated with the longest PR interval had a significantly smaller late current percentage (P1045T, 6.4±1.2%, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an association between genetic variation in SCN10A, the late sodium current, and alterations in cardiac conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Macri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (V.M., W.J.H., R.W.M., S.A.L., E.V.D., S.L.P., C.N.-C., D.J.M., P.T.E.)
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., S.R.H., C.M.S., N.S.)
| | - Dan E Arking
- University of Washington, Seattle. McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.E.A.)
| | - William J Hucker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (V.M., W.J.H., R.W.M., S.A.L., E.V.D., S.L.P., C.N.-C., D.J.M., P.T.E.).,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service (W.J.H., S.A.L., D.J.M., P.T.E.)
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. NHLBI's & Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (X.Y., H.L., L.A.C.).,Department of Biostatistics (X.Y., L.A.C., C.-T.L.)
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. NHLBI's & Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (X.Y., H.L., L.A.C.).,School of Public Health, Boston University, MA. Computational Biomedicine Section (H.L.)
| | - Robert W Mills
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (V.M., W.J.H., R.W.M., S.A.L., E.V.D., S.L.P., C.N.-C., D.J.M., P.T.E.)
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany and Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany (M.F.S.)
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (V.M., W.J.H., R.W.M., S.A.L., E.V.D., S.L.P., C.N.-C., D.J.M., P.T.E.).,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service (W.J.H., S.A.L., D.J.M., P.T.E.)
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics (X.Y., L.A.C., C.-T.L.)
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (A.C.M., E.B.)
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (N.L., V.V.F., P.M.J., P.J.M.)
| | - Vadim V Fedorov
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (N.L., V.V.F., P.M.J., P.J.M.)
| | - Paul M Janssen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (N.L., V.V.F., P.M.J., P.J.M.)
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., S.R.H., C.M.S., N.S.)
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., S.R.H., C.M.S., N.S.).,Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H., T.L.)
| | - Elena V Dolmatova
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (V.M., W.J.H., R.W.M., S.A.L., E.V.D., S.L.P., C.N.-C., D.J.M., P.T.E.)
| | | | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., S.R.H., C.M.S., N.S.)
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. NHLBI's & Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (X.Y., H.L., L.A.C.).,Department of Biostatistics (X.Y., L.A.C., C.-T.L.)
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (V.M., W.J.H., R.W.M., S.A.L., E.V.D., S.L.P., C.N.-C., D.J.M., P.T.E.).,Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand (S.L.P.)
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (V.M., W.J.H., R.W.M., S.A.L., E.V.D., S.L.P., C.N.-C., D.J.M., P.T.E.).,Center for Genomic Medicine (C.N.-C.).,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (C.N.-C.)
| | - John Barnard
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (J.B.)
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute (J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.).,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Biology, Lerner Research Institute (J.D.S.)
| | - David R Van Wagoner
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute (J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.).,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute (D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Mina K Chung
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute (J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.).,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute (D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | | | | | - Jerome I Rotter
- Cleveland Clinic, OH. Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute & Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.I.R.)
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine (K.B.M., M.P.M., T.P.C.).,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (K.B.M., M.P.M., T.P.C.)
| | - Michael P Morley
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine (K.B.M., M.P.M., T.P.C.).,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (K.B.M., M.P.M., T.P.C.)
| | - Thomas P Cappola
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine (K.B.M., M.P.M., T.P.C.).,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (K.B.M., M.P.M., T.P.C.)
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B.).,Preventive Medicine Section (E.J.B.).,Cardiology Section (E.J.B.)
| | - Donna Muzny
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B.)
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B.)
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus (R.D.J.)
| | - Jared W Magnani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute (J.W.M.)
| | - Caroline N Herndon
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (C.N.H., P.T.E.)
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.S.R.)
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle; and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA. (B.M.P.)
| | - David J Milan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (V.M., W.J.H., R.W.M., S.A.L., E.V.D., S.L.P., C.N.-C., D.J.M., P.T.E.).,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service (W.J.H., S.A.L., D.J.M., P.T.E.)
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (A.C.M., E.B.).,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (D.M.M., R.A.G., E.B.)
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (N.L., V.V.F., P.M.J., P.J.M.)
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., S.R.H., C.M.S., N.S.) .,Division of Cardiology (N.S.)
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (V.M., W.J.H., R.W.M., S.A.L., E.V.D., S.L.P., C.N.-C., D.J.M., P.T.E.).,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service (W.J.H., S.A.L., D.J.M., P.T.E.).,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (C.N.H., P.T.E.)
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Aghajanova L, Popwell JM, Chetkowski RJ, Herndon CN. Birth of a healthy child after pre-implantation genetic screening of embryos from sperm of a man with nonmosaic Down syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:675. [PMID: 26973336 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Aghajanova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, Box 0132, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - J M Popwell
- Pacific Fertility Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - C N Herndon
- Alta Bates IVF Program, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Highland Hospital, Alameda County Medical Center, Oakland, CA, USA
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Woodruff MC, Heesters BA, Herndon CN, Groom JR, Thomas PG, Luster AD, Turley SJ, Carroll MC. Trans-nodal migration of resident dendritic cells into medullary interfollicular regions initiates immunity to influenza vaccine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1611-21. [PMID: 25049334 PMCID: PMC4113935 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resident lymph node DCs rapidly locate viral influenza antigen to drive early activation of T cells, resulting in germinal center formation and B cell memory. Dendritic cells (DCs) are well established as potent antigen-presenting cells critical to adaptive immunity. In vaccination approaches, appropriately stimulating lymph node–resident DCs (LNDCs) is highly relevant to effective immunization. Although LNDCs have been implicated in immune response, their ability to directly drive effective immunity to lymph-borne antigen remains unclear. Using an inactive influenza vaccine model and whole node imaging approaches, we observed surprising responsiveness of LNDC populations to vaccine arrival resulting in a transnodal repositioning into specific antigen collection sites within minutes after immunization. Once there, LNDCs acquired viral antigen and initiated activation of viral specific CD4+ T cells, resulting in germinal center formation and B cell memory in the absence of skin migratory DCs. Together, these results demonstrate an unexpected stimulatory role for LNDCs where they are capable of rapidly locating viral antigen, driving early activation of T cell populations, and independently establishing functional immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Woodruff
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 The Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Balthasar A Heesters
- The Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline N Herndon
- The Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Department of Medical Biology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Michael C Carroll
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 The Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115
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5
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Subramaniam R, Shanthalingam S, Bavananthasivam J, Kugadas A, Raghavan B, Batra SA, Herndon CN, Rodriguez J, Tibary A, Nelson D, Potter KA, Foreyt WJ, Srikumaran S. Bighorn sheep × domestic sheep hybrids survive Mannheimia haemolytica challenge in the absence of vaccination. Vet Microbiol 2014; 170:278-83. [PMID: 24629771 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bighorn sheep (BHS, Ovis canadensis) are much more susceptible than domestic sheep (DS, Ovis aries) to pneumonia caused by leukotoxin (Lkt)-producing members of the Family Pasteurellaceae, particularly Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi. Leukotoxin is widely accepted as the critical virulence factor of these bacteria since Lkt-negative mutants do not cause death of BHS. Typically, DS carry Lkt-positive M. haemolytica and/or B. trehalosi as commensal bacteria in their nasopharynx. In contrast, most BHS do not carry Lkt-positive M. haemolytica or B. trehalosi, or carry Lkt-negative strains in their nasopharynx. In previous studies, we demonstrated that unimmunized DS resist M. haemolytica challenge while BHS succumb to it. We hypothesized that Lkt-neutralizing antibodies, induced by Lkt-positive M. haemolytica and/or B. trehalosi innately carried by DS in their nasopharynx, render them less susceptible to infection by these bacteria. In this study we developed BHS×DS F1 hybrids by artificial insemination of domestic ewes with BHS semen. F1 hybrids were fertile, and produced F2 hybrids and back-crosses. The F1, F2, and back-crosses were raised together with domestic ewes. All these animals acquired Lkt-positive M. haemolytica and/or B. trehalosi, and developed high titers of Lkt-neutralizing antibodies in the absence of vaccination. Furthermore, all of these animals resisted challenge with lethal dose of M. haemolytica. These results suggest that lack of previous exposure to Lkt is at least partially responsible for fatal pneumonia in BHS when they acquire Lkt-positive M. haemolytica and/or B. trehalosi from DS when the two species commingle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Subramaniam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - S Shanthalingam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - J Bavananthasivam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - A Kugadas
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - B Raghavan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - S A Batra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - C N Herndon
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - J Rodriguez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - A Tibary
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - D Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - K A Potter
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA; Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - W J Foreyt
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - S Srikumaran
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As fluorescent microscopy has developed, significant insights have been gained into the establishment of immune response within secondary lymphoid organs, particularly in draining lymph nodes. While established techniques such as confocal imaging and intravital multi-photon microscopy have proven invaluable, they provide limited insight into the architectural and structural context in which these responses occur. To interrogate the role of the lymph node environment in immune response effectively, a new set of imaging tools taking into account broader architectural context must be implemented into emerging immunological questions. METHODS AND RESULTS Using two different methods of whole-organ imaging, optical clearing and three-dimensional reconstruction of serially sectioned lymph nodes, fluorescent representations of whole lymph nodes can be acquired at cellular resolution. Using freely available post-processing tools, images of unlimited size and depth can be assembled into cohesive, contextual snapshots of immunological response. Through the implementation of robust iterative analysis techniques, these highly complex three-dimensional images can be objectified into sortable object data sets. These data can then be used to interrogate complex questions at the cellular level within the broader context of lymph node biology. CONCLUSIONS By combining existing imaging technology with complex methods of sample preparation and capture, we have developed efficient systems for contextualizing immunological phenomena within lymphatic architecture. In combination with robust approaches to image analysis, these advances provide a path to integrating scientific understanding of basic lymphatic biology into the complex nature of immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Woodruff
- 1 Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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Aghajanova L, Tatsumi K, Horcajadas JA, Zamah AM, Esteban FJ, Herndon CN, Conti M, Giudice LC. Unique transcriptome, pathways, and networks in the human endometrial fibroblast response to progesterone in endometriosis. Biol Reprod 2010; 84:801-15. [PMID: 20864642 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.086181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Eutopic endometrium in endometriosis has molecular evidence of resistance to progesterone (P(4)) and activation of the PKA pathway in the stromal compartment. To investigate global and temporal responses of eutopic endometrium to P(4), we compared early (6-h), intermediate (48-h), and late (14-Day) transcriptomes, signaling pathways, and networks of human endometrial stromal fibroblasts (hESF) from women with endometriosis (hESF(endo)) with hESF from women without endometriosis (hESF(nonendo)). Endometrial biopsy samples were obtained from subjects with and without mild peritoneal endometriosis (n = 4 per group), and hESF were isolated and treated with P(4) (1 μM) plus estradiol (E(2)) (10 nM), E(2) alone (10 nM), or vehicle for up to 14 days. Total RNA was subjected to microarray analysis using a Gene 1.0 ST (Affymetrix) platform and analyzed by using bioinformatic algorithms, and data were validated by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. Results revealed unique kinetic expression of specific genes and unique pathways, distinct biological and molecular processes, and signaling pathways and networks during the early, intermediate, and late responses to P(4) in both hESF(nonendo) and hESF(endo), although a blunted response to P(4) was observed in the latter. The normal response of hESF to P(4) involves a tightly regulated kinetic cascade involving key components in the P(4) receptor and MAPK signaling pathways that results in inhibition of E(2)-mediated proliferation and eventual differentiation to the decidual phenotype, but this was not established in the hESF(endo) early response to P(4). The abnormal response of this cell type to P(4) may contribute to compromised embryonic implantation and infertility in women with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aghajanova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Herndon CN, Dassanayake RP, Foreyt WJ, Srikumaran S. Molecular cloning of interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and comparison with those of other species. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 138:139-43. [PMID: 20655598 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility to, and pathology induced by, Mannheimia haemolytica infection in bighorn sheep (BHS) and domestic sheep (DS) are distinctly different. Bighorn sheep are particularly susceptible to pneumonia caused by M. haemolytica, and the pneumonic lesions in infected BHS are more severe than those in DS. The molecular basis for this disparity has not been elucidated. Proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple lung diseases of humans and animals. It is possible that the enhanced pathology observed in the pneumonic lungs of M. haemolytica-infected BHS, in comparison to that of DS, is due to comparatively higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine expression in BHS. As the first step towards elucidating this concept, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of BHS. The cDNA of BHS IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α consists of 801, 306, and 705 base pairs encoding 266, 101, and 234 amino acids, respectively. The availability of cDNA encoding IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α of BHS should facilitate the elucidation of the role of these cytokines in the differential pathology induced by M. haemolytica infection in BHS and DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Herndon
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
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Dassanayake RP, Shanthalingam S, Herndon CN, Subramaniam R, Lawrence PK, Bavananthasivam J, Cassirer EF, Haldorson GJ, Foreyt WJ, Rurangirwa FR, Knowles DP, Besser TE, Srikumaran S. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae can predispose bighorn sheep to fatal Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia. Vet Microbiol 2010; 145:354-9. [PMID: 20466492 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae has been isolated from the lungs of pneumonic bighorn sheep (BHS). However experimental reproduction of fatal pneumonia in BHS with M. ovipneumoniae was not successful. Therefore the specific role, if any, of M. ovipneumoniae in BHS pneumonia is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether M. ovipneumoniae alone causes fatal pneumonia in BHS, or predisposes them to infection by Mannheimia haemolytica. We chose M. haemolytica for this study because of its isolation from pneumonic BHS, and its consistent ability to cause fatal pneumonia under experimental conditions. Since in vitro culture could attenuate virulence of M. ovipneumoniae, we used ceftiofur-treated lung homogenates from pneumonic BHS lambs or nasopharyngeal washings from M. ovipneumoniae-positive domestic sheep (DS) as the source of M. ovipneumoniae. Two adult BHS were inoculated intranasally with lung homogenates while two others received nasopharyngeal washings from DS. All BHS developed clinical signs of respiratory infection, but only one BHS died. The dead BHS had carried leukotoxin-positive M. haemolytica in the nasopharynx before the onset of this study. It is likely that M. ovipneumoniae colonization predisposed this BHS to fatal infection with the M. haemolytica already present in this animal. The remaining three BHS developed pneumonia and died 1-5 days following intranasal inoculation with M. haemolytica. On necropsy, lungs of all four BHS showed lesions characteristic of bronchopneumonia. M. haemolytica and M. ovipneumoniae were isolated from the lungs. These results suggest that M. ovipneumoniae alone may not cause fatal pneumonia in BHS, but can predispose them to fatal pneumonia due to M. haemolytica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohana P Dassanayake
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6610, USA
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Herndon CN, Dassanayake RP, Liu W, Foreyt WJ, Srikumaran S. Cloning and characterization of bighorn sheep inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-8. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Dassanayake RP, Shanthalingam S, Herndon CN, Lawrence PK, Frances Cassirer E, Potter KA, Foreyt WJ, Clinkenbeard KD, Srikumaran S. Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A1 exhibits differential pathogenicity in two related species, Ovis canadensis and Ovis aries. Vet Microbiol 2009; 133:366-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Stevenson RE, Goodman HO, Schwartz CE, Simensen RJ, McLean WT, Herndon CN. Allan-Herndon syndrome. I. Clinical studies. Am J Hum Genet 1990; 47:446-53. [PMID: 2393019 PMCID: PMC1683863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A large family with X-linked mental retardation, originally reported in 1944 by Allan, Herndon, and Dudley, has been reinvestigated. Twenty-nine males have been affected in seven generations. Clinical features include severe mental retardation, dysarthria, ataxia, athetoid movements, muscle hypoplasia, and spastic paraplegia with hyperreflexia, clonus, and Babinski reflexes. The facies appear elongated with normal head circumference, bitemporal narrowing, and large, simple ears. Contractures develop at both small and large joint. Statural growth is normal and macroorchidism does not occur. Longevity is not impaired. High-resolution chromosomes, serum creatine kinase, and amino acids are normal. This condition, termed the Allan-Herndon syndrome, appears distinct from other X-linked disorders having mental retardation, muscle hypoplasia, and spastic paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Stevenson
- Greenwood Genetic Center and Self Memorial Hospital, SC 29646
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Buckalew VM, Purvis ML, Shulman MG, Herndon CN, Rudman D. Hereditary renal tubular acidosis. Report of a 64 member kindred with variable clinical expression including idiopathic hypercalciuria. Medicine (Baltimore) 1974; 53:229-54. [PMID: 4834851 DOI: 10.1097/00005792-197407000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Boyer SH, Crosby EF, Thurmon TF, Noyes AN, Fuller GF, Leslie SE, Shepard MK, Herndon CN. Hemoglobins A and A2 in New World primates: comparative variation and its evolutionary implications. Science 1969; 166:1428-31. [PMID: 4981724 DOI: 10.1126/science.166.3911.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin A(2) (alpha(2)delta(2)) in New World primates represents about 1/160 to 1/16 of total hemoglobin and, by virtue of this low proportion, is presumed to be functionally unimportant. Nonetheless, A(2) exhibits genetic polymorphism by electrophoresis in three out of five genera, whereas the major component, hemoglobin A (alpha(2)beta(2)), is electrophoretically invariant. Moreover, in four genera, including man, the evolutionary accumulation of mutations has been greater in delta than in beta Such findings suggest that both polymorphism and evolutionary changes can accrue to an effectively functionless and thus selectively nearly netutral gene.
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Herndon CN. William Allan: An Appreciation. Am J Hum Genet 1962; 14:97-101. [PMID: 17948469 PMCID: PMC1932185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
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