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Cheplowitz H, Patel N, Kim A, Logan C, Law N, Koura D, Haste N, Medley K, Trinh J, Sanders T, Taremi M, Saunders IM. Vaccine response after pneumococcal vaccination in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2024; 30:15-18. [PMID: 36945881 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231165733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Current guidelines for vaccination in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients recommend initiation of pneumococcal vaccination series three to six months post-HCT, with most data supporting initiation at six months due to a more robust immune response. This single-center, retrospective, observational chart review aimed to evaluate the impact of initiating the pneumococcal vaccine series at three months post-HCT compared to six months post-HCT. The primary endpoints were defined as a percentage of patients with a serologic response of >1 and >1.3 µg/mL for over 50% of the defined serotypes. Outcomes showed no difference in immunologic response between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halle Cheplowitz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of California San Diego Health (UCSDH), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nimish Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, University of California San Diego Health (UCSDH), San Diego, CA, USA
- UC San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Kim
- Department of Allergy & Immunology, UCSDH, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cathy Logan
- Department of Infectious Disease, UCSDH, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Law
- Department of Infectious Disease, UCSDH, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Divya Koura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, UCSDH, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nina Haste
- Department of Pharmacy, University of California San Diego Health (UCSDH), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Medley
- Department of Pharmacy, University of California San Diego Health (UCSDH), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Julie Trinh
- UC San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Sanders
- UC San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mahnaz Taremi
- Department of Infectious Disease, UCSDH, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ila M Saunders
- Department of Pharmacy, University of California San Diego Health (UCSDH), San Diego, CA, USA
- UC San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Dickter J, Logan C, Taplitz R. Neutropenia and antibiotics: when, what, how and why? Curr Opin Infect Dis 2023; 36:218-227. [PMID: 37431552 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our aim is to review recent literature on antibiotic use in patients with neutropenia. RECENT FINDINGS Prophylactic antibiotics are associated with risks and have limited mortality benefit. While early antibiotic use in febrile neutropenia (FN) is critical, early de-escalation or discontinuation may be safe in many patients. SUMMARY With an increasing understanding of potential risks and benefits of use and improved risk assessment, paradigms of antibiotic use in neutropenic patients are changing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dickter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - Cathy Logan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Randy Taplitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
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Sepassi A, Saunders IM, Bounthavong M, Taplitz RA, Logan C, Watanabe JH. Effectiveness of letermovir for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A global systematic review. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2023; 63:1138-1149. [PMID: 37207713 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Letermovir (LET), a novel antiviral, has largely supplanted more traditional preemptive therapy (PET) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) patients. Use of LET demonstrated efficacy against placebo in phase III randomized controlled trials, but is considerably more expensive than PET. This review aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of LET in preventing clinically significant CMV infection (csCMVi) for allo-HCT recipients and related outcomes. DESIGN A systematic literature review was performed using an a priori protocol using PubMed, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2010 to October 2021. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Studies were included if they met the following criteria: LET compared with PET, CMV-related outcomes, patients aged 18 years or older, and English language-only articles. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize study characteristics and outcomes. OUTCOME MEASURES CMV viremia, csCMVi, CMV end-organ disease, graft-versus-host-disease, all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 233 abstracts were screened, with 30 included in this review. Randomized trials demonstrated efficacy of LET prophylaxis in preventing csCMVi. Observational studies demonstrated varying degrees of effectiveness of LET prophylaxis compared with use of PET alone. All studies with a comparator group resulted in lower rates of csCMVi for patients using LET. Included studies varied widely by CMV viral load threshold cutoff and CMV test units, limiting synthesis of results owing to high heterogeneity. CONCLUSION LET reduces risk of csCMVi, but lack of standardized clinical definitions on how to evaluate csCMVi and related outcomes largely prevent synthesis of results. Clinicians must consider this limitation in the context of evaluating the effectiveness of LET to other antiviral therapies, especially for patients at risk of late-onset CMV. Future studies should focus on prospective data collection through registries and concordance of diagnostic definitions to mitigate study heterogeneity.
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Sepassi A, Saunders IM, Bounthavong M, Taplitz RA, Logan C, Watanabe JH. Cost Effectiveness of Letermovir for Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis Compared with Pre-Emptive Therapy in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients in the United States. Pharmacoecon Open 2023; 7:393-404. [PMID: 36840894 PMCID: PMC10169956 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-023-00398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the cost effectiveness of letermovir prophylaxis with the option for subsequent pre-emptive therapy (PET) for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection compared with a PET-only scenario in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients in the United States over a 10-year time horizon. MATERIALS AND METHODS A publicly available decision tree model was constructed using a commercial third-party payer perspective to simulate an allo-HCT recipient's clinical trajectory in the first-year post-transplant, followed by entry to a Markov model to simulate years 2 through 10. Clinical inputs and utility estimates were derived from published literature. Costs were derived from published literature and US Department of Veterans Affairs Federal Supply Schedule drug pricing. Outcomes assessed included life expectancy, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), direct medical costs, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were performed to test the robustness of the findings. RESULTS Compared with PET alone, letermovir prophylaxis was projected to increase life-years per person (4.99 vs. 4.70 life-years), and increase QALYs (3.29 vs. 3.08) and costs (US$83.411 vs. US$70,698), yielding an ICER of US$59,356 per QALY gained. One-way sensitivity analyses indicated our model was sensitive to mortality (ICER: $164,771/QALY) and utility (letermovir ICER: $117,447/QALY; PET ICER: $107,290/QALY) in the first-year post-transplant. In 57.1% of the PSA simulations, letermovir was a cost-effective option using a willingness-to-pay threshold of US$100,000 per QALY. CONCLUSIONS Letermovir prophylaxis is cost effective compared with PET alone with a willingness-to-pay threshold of US$100,000 per QALY gained. Sensitivity analysis results indicate future research is required to understand the impact of mortality and quality of life in the first-year post-transplant to arrive at a conclusive decision on letermovir adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryana Sepassi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of California, Irvine School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Ila M Saunders
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Bounthavong
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs, Health Economic Resource Center, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Cathy Logan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of California, Irvine School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irvine, CA, USA
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Logan C, Singh M, Fox N, Brown G, Krishna S, Gordon K, Macallan D, Bicanic T. Chromoblastomycosis treated with posaconazole and adjunctive imiquimod: lending innate immunity a helping hand. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad124. [PMID: 37035498 PMCID: PMC10077821 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a difficult-to-treat, chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The evidence base for treatment is scarce, with no standardised therapeutic approach. Chronicity of CBM infection is postulated to be due in part to a failure of host cell-mediated immunity to generate a proinflammatory response sufficient for fungal clearance. We present a case of a chronic chromoblastomycosis lesion of the hand present for nearly four decades, previously refractory to itraconazole monotherapy, that was successfully treated with a combination of posaconazole and adjunctive immunotherapy with topical Imiquimod, a toll-like receptor 7 agonist. Serial biopsies and images demonstrate the clinical and histopathological improvement of the lesion. Randomised trials of antifungal therapy with adjunctive imiquimod are warranted to determine whether a combination of antifungal and host-directed therapy improves outcomes for this neglected tropical mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Logan
- Clinical Infection Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Blackshaw Road, London , United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St Georges University London , Cranmer Terrace, London , United Kingdom
| | - M Singh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Blackshaw Road, London , United Kingdom
| | - N Fox
- Department of Dermatology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - G Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building , Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD , UK
| | - S Krishna
- Department of Dermatology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - K Gordon
- Department of Dermatology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - D Macallan
- Clinical Infection Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Blackshaw Road, London , United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St Georges University London , Cranmer Terrace, London , United Kingdom
| | - T Bicanic
- Clinical Infection Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Blackshaw Road, London , United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St Georges University London , Cranmer Terrace, London , United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building , Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD , UK
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Dan JM, Lehman SM, Al-kolla R, Penziner S, Afshar K, Yung G, Golts E, Law N, Logan C, Kovach Z, Mearns G, Schooley RT, Aslam S, Crotty S. Development of Host Immune Response to Bacteriophage in a Lung Transplant Recipient on Adjunctive Phage Therapy for a Multidrug-Resistant Pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:311-316. [PMID: 36082999 PMCID: PMC10152496 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy is the use of viruses to kill bacteria for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections. Little is known about the human immune response following phage therapy. We report the development of phage-specific CD4 T cells alongside rising phage-specific immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibodies in response to adjunctive bacteriophage therapy used to treat a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient. Clinically, treatment was considered a success despite the development phage-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Dan
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Rita Al-kolla
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samuel Penziner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kamyar Afshar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gordon Yung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eugene Golts
- Department of Surgery. Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nancy Law
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cathy Logan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | - Robert T Schooley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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7
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Logan C, Hemsley C, Fife A, Edgeworth J, Mazzella A, Wade P, Goodman A, Hopkins P, Wyncoll D, Ball J, Planche T, Schelenz S, Bicanic T. A multisite evaluation of antifungal use in critical care: implications for antifungal stewardship. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022; 4:dlac055. [PMID: 35756574 PMCID: PMC9217759 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ICUs are settings of high antifungal consumption. There are few data on prescribing practices in ICUs to guide antifungal stewardship implementation in this setting. Methods An antifungal therapy (AFT) service evaluation (15 May-19 November 2019) across ICUs at three London hospitals, evaluating consumption, prescribing rationale, post-prescription review, de-escalation and final invasive fungal infection (IFI) diagnostic classification. Results Overall, 6.4% of ICU admissions (305/4781) received AFT, accounting for 11.41 days of therapy/100 occupied bed days (DOT/100 OBD). The dominant prescribing mode was empirical (41% of consumption), followed by targeted (22%), prophylaxis (18%), pre-emptive (12%) and non-invasive (7%). Echinocandins were the most commonly prescribed drug class (4.59 DOT/100 OBD). In total, 217 patients received AFT for suspected or confirmed IFI; 12%, 10% and 23% were classified as possible, probable or proven IFI, respectively. Hence, in 55%, IFI was unlikely. Proven IFI (n = 50) was mostly invasive candidiasis (92%), of which 48% had been initiated on AFT empirically before yeast identification. Where on-site (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan (BDG) testing was available (1 day turnaround), in those with suspected but unproven invasive candidiasis, median (IQR) AFT duration was 10 (7-15) days with a positive BDG (≥80 pg/mL) versus 8 (5-9) days with a negative BDG (<80 pg/mL). Post-prescription review occurred in 79% of prescribing episodes (median time to review 1 [0-3] day). Where suspected IFI was not confirmed, 38% episodes were stopped and 4% de-escalated within 5 days. Conclusions Achieving a better balance between promptly treating IFI patients and avoiding inappropriate antifungal prescribing in the ICU requires timely post-prescription review by specialist multidisciplinary teams and improved, evidence-based-risk prescribing strategies incorporating rapid diagnostics to guide AFT start and stop decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Logan
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - C Hemsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Fife
- Infection Sciences, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Edgeworth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Mazzella
- Clinical Infection Group, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - P Wade
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Directorate of Pharmacy & Medicines Optimisation, Guy’s & St Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Goodman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - P Hopkins
- Department of Critical Care, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Wyncoll
- Department of Critical Care, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Ball
- Department of Critical Care, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Planche
- Clinical Infection Group, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - S Schelenz
- Infection Sciences, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Bicanic
- Clinical Infection Group, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, UK
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Khanaki H, Dewhurst RJ, Leury BJ, Cantalapiedra-Hijar G, Edwards GR, Logan C, Cheng L. The effect of sheep genetic merit and feed allowance on nitrogen partitioning and isotopic discrimination. Animal 2021; 15:100400. [PMID: 34768171 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal nitrogen (N) partitioning is a key parameter for profitability and sustainability of ruminant production systems, which may be predicted from N isotopic discrimination or fractionation (Δ15N). Both animal genetics and feeding level may interact and impact on N partitioning. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the interactive effects of genetic merit (G) and feed allowance (F) on N partitioning and Δ15N in sheep. The sheep were drawn from two levels of G (high G vs. low G; based on New Zealand Sheep Improvement Limited (http://www.sil.co.nz/) dual (wool and meat) growth index) and allocated to two levels of F (1.7 (high F) vs. 1.1 (low F) times Metabolisable Energy requirement for maintenance) treatments. Twenty-four Coopworth rams were divided into four equal groups for a N balance study: high G × high F, high G × low F, low G × high F, and low G × low F. The main factors (G and F) and the interaction term were used for 2-way ANOVA and regression analysis. Higher F led to higher N excretions (urinary N (UN); faecal N (FN); manure N), retained N, N use efficiency (NUE), and urinary purine derivatives excretion (P < 0.05). On the other hand, higher UN/N intake, and plasma Δ15N were observed with the lower F (P < 0.05). Higher G led to increased UN, FN, manure N, apparent N digestibility, and urinary purine derivatives excretion (P < 0.05). Higher F only increased UN in high G sheep, with no effect on low G sheep (P < 0.05). Regression analysis results demonstrated potential to use plasma Δ15N to reflect the effects of G and F on NUE and UN/N intake. Further research is urged to study interactive effects of genetic and feeding level on sheep N partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khanaki
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Dookie Campus, The University of Melbourne, 3647 Victoria, Australia
| | - R J Dewhurst
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), King's Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK
| | - B J Leury
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Parkville Campus, the University of Melbourne, 3647 Victoria, Australia
| | - G Cantalapiedra-Hijar
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMRH, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - G R Edwards
- Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, 85084 Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - C Logan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, 85084 Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - L Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Dookie Campus, The University of Melbourne, 3647 Victoria, Australia.
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Jenks JD, Aslam S, Horton LE, Law N, Bharti A, Logan C, Taremi M, Vaida F, Ritter M. Early Monoclonal Antibody Administration Can Reduce Both Hospitalizations and Mortality in High-Risk Outpatients with COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:752-753. [PMID: 34091664 PMCID: PMC8195212 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Jenks
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Saima Aslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lucy E Horton
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nancy Law
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ajay Bharti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cathy Logan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mahnaz Taremi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Florin Vaida
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michele Ritter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Logan C, Yumul I, Cepeda J, Pretorius V, Adler E, Aslam S, Martin NK. Cost-effectiveness of using hepatitis C viremic hearts for transplantation into HCV-negative recipients. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:657-668. [PMID: 32777173 PMCID: PMC8216294 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes following hepatitis C virus (HCV)-viremic heart transplantation into HCV-negative recipients with HCV treatment are good. We assessed cost-effectiveness between cohorts of transplant recipients willing and unwilling to receive HCV-viremic hearts. Markov model simulated long-term outcomes among HCV-negative patients on the transplant waitlist. We compared costs (2018 USD) and health outcomes (quality-adjusted life-years, QALYs) between cohorts willing to accept any heart and those willing to accept only HCV-negative hearts. We assumed 4.9% HCV-viremic donor prevalence. Patients receiving HCV-viremic hearts were treated, assuming $39 600/treatment with 95% cure. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were compared to a $100 000/QALY gained willingness-to-pay threshold. Sensitivity analyses included stratification by blood type or region and potential negative consequences of receipt of HCV-viremic hearts. Compared to accepting only HCV-negative hearts, accepting any heart gained 0.14 life-years and 0.11 QALYs, while increasing costs by $9418/patient. Accepting any heart was cost effective (ICER $85 602/QALY gained). Results were robust to all transplant regions and blood types, except type AB. Accepting any heart remained cost effective provided posttransplant mortality and costs among those receiving HCV-viremic hearts were not >7% higher compared to HCV-negative hearts. Willingness to accept HCV-viremic hearts for transplantation into HCV-negative recipients is cost effective and improves clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Logan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Ily Yumul
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Javier Cepeda
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Victor Pretorius
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego
| | - Eric Adler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Saima Aslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Natasha K Martin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
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Abstract
Patients with hematologic malignancies are at increased risk of infection, with associated morbidity and mortality. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have qualitative and quantitative deficits in granulocytes predisposing to bacterial and fungal infections. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia results in qualitative deficits in lymphocytes, resulting in hypogammaglobulinemia and reduced cell-mediated immunity predisposing to certain bacterial and viral as well as fungal infections. Chemotherapeutic regimens often compound these deficits, result in prolonged periods of severe neutropenia, and disrupt mucosal barriers, further elevating infection risk. Despite advances in antimicrobial therapies and prophylaxis, acute leukemia patients with disease- and treatment-related immunosuppression remain at risk for life-threatening infection, including with resistant organisms, antimicrobial-related adverse events, and higher treatment costs. Additionally, our knowledge of infection risk and drug-drug interactions with new immune-targeted cancer therapeutics is evolving. Here, we review 3 areas in which standard practice is evolving as challenges arise and new experience is gained, including antibiotic use in febrile neutropenia, fungal prophylaxis, and use of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Logan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - D Koura
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant, University of California, San Diego, CA; and
| | - R Taplitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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12
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Logan C, Martin-Loeches I, Bicanic T. Invasive candidiasis in critical care: challenges and future directions. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:2001-2014. [PMID: 32990778 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is the most common critical care-associated fungal infection with a crude mortality of ~ 40-55%. Important factors contributing to risk of invasive candidiasis in ICU include use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, immunosuppressive drugs, and total parenteral nutrition alongside iatrogenic interventions which breach natural barriers to infection [vascular catheters, renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), surgery]. This review discusses three key challenges in this field. The first is the shift in Candida epidemiology across the globe to more resistant non-albicans species, in particular, the emergence of multi-resistant Candida glabrata and Candida auris, which pose significant treatment and infection control challenges in critical care. The second challenge lies in the timely and appropriate initiation and discontinuation of antifungal therapy. Early antifungal strategies (prophylaxis, empirical and pre-emptive) using tools such as the Candida colonisation index, clinical prediction rules and fungal non-culture-based tests have been developed: we review the evidence on implementation of these tools in critical care to aid clinical decision-making around the prescribing and cessation of antifungal therapy. The third challenge is selection of the most appropriate antifungal to use in critical care patients. While guidelines exist to aid choice, this heterogenous and complex patient group require a more tailored approach, particularly in cases of acute kidney injury, liver impairment and for patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We highlight key research priorities to overcome these challenges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Logan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Infection Unit, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - I Martin-Loeches
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St. James's Hospital/Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
- Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERes, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - T Bicanic
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Infection Unit, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
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13
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Prakash K, Ramirez-Sanchez C, Ramirez SI, Logan C, Law N, Mekeel K, Pretorius V, Aslam S. Post-transplant survey to assess patient experiences with donor-derived HCV infection. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 22:e13402. [PMID: 32634289 PMCID: PMC10084045 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increased utilization of hepatitis C virus-infected (HCV+) organs for transplantation into HCV-uninfected recipients, there is lack of standardization in HCV-related patient education/consent and limited data on financial and social impact on patients. METHODS We conducted a survey on patients with donor-derived HCV infection at our center transplanted between 4/1/2017 and 11/1/2019 to assess: why patients chose to accept HCV+ organ(s), the adequacy of their pre-transplant HCV education and informed consent process, financial issues related to copays after discharge, and social challenges they faced. RESULTS Among 49 patients surveyed, transplanted organs included heart (n = 19), lung (n = 9), kidney (n = 11), liver (n = 4), heart/kidney (n = 4), and liver/kidney (n = 2). Many recipients accepted an HCV-viremic (HCV-V) organ due to perceived reduction in waitlist time (n = 33) and/or trust in their physician's recommendation (n = 29). Almost all (n = 47) felt that pre-transplant education and consent was appropriate. Thirty patients had no copay for direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for HCV, including 21 with household income <$20 000; seven had copays of <$100 and one had a copay >$1000. Two patients reported feeling isolated due to HCV infection and eight reported higher than anticipated medication costs. Patients' biggest concern was potential HCV transmission to partners (n = 18) and family/friends (n = 15). Overall almost all (n = 47) patients reported a positive experience with HCV-V organ transplantation. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that real-world patient experiences surrounding HCV-V organ transplantation have been favorable. Almost all patients report comprehensive HCV-related pre-transplant consent and education. Additionally, medication costs and social isolation/exclusion were not barriers to the use of these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Prakash
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Sydney I Ramirez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cathy Logan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nancy Law
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kristin Mekeel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Victor Pretorius
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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14
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Waldman G, Rawlings SA, Kerr J, Vodkin I, Aslam S, Logan C, Dan J, Mehta S, Hill L, Karris MY. Successful optimization of antiretroviral regimens in treatment-experienced people living with HIV undergoing liver transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2019; 21:e13174. [PMID: 31520554 PMCID: PMC7510623 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) extends life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). However, most older PLWH (≥50 years) "aged" with HIV and were exposed to historical HIV care practices and older, more toxic ART. In PLWH with exposure to older and multiple ART regimens, the drug interactions between ART frequently used in treatment-experienced persons and commonly used immunosuppressants remain a significant challenge. However, the advent of newer ART classes (eg, integrase non-strand transfer inhibitors) and more advanced HIV genetic resistance testing may allow optimization of ART regimens with minimal drug interactions. Here, we present a case series of three PLWH whose complicated ART interacted (or was at risk for interacting) with their post-liver transplant immunosuppression. After a review of their proviral DNA resistance testing, they successfully transitioned onto safer integrase non-strand transfer inhibitor-containing ART regimens without viral blips or evidence of organ rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Waldman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Stephen A Rawlings
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Janice Kerr
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Irine Vodkin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Cathy Logan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Jennifer Dan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Sanjay Mehta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
- Department of Medicine, San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA
| | - Lucas Hill
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Maile Y Karris
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
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15
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Aslam S, Courtwright AM, Koval C, Lehman SM, Morales S, Langlais Furr CL, Rosas F, Brownstein MJ, Fackler JR, Sisson BM, Biswas B, Henry M, Luu T, Bivens BN, Hamilton T, Duplessis C, Logan C, Law N, Yung G, Turowski J, Anesi J, Strathdee SA, Schooley RT. Early clinical experience of bacteriophage therapy in 3 lung transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:2631-2639. [PMID: 31207123 PMCID: PMC6711787 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy (BT) uses bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacteria and is an emerging strategy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Experience in solid organ transplant is limited. We describe BT in 3 lung transplant recipients (LTR) with life-threatening MDR infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2) and Burkholderia dolosa (n = 1). For each patient, lytic bacteriophages were selected against their bacterial isolates. BT was administered for variable durations under emergency Investigational New Drug applications and with patient informed consent. Safety was assessed using clinical/laboratory parameters and observed clinical improvements described, as appropriate. All patients received concurrent antibiotics. Two ventilator-dependent LTR with large airway complications and refractory MDR P. aeruginosa pneumonia received BT. Both responded clinically and were discharged from the hospital off ventilator support. A third patient had recurrent B. dolosa infection following transplant. Following BT initiation, consolidative opacities improved and ventilator weaning was begun. However, infection relapsed on BT and the patient died. No BT-related adverse events were identified in the 3 cases. BT was well tolerated and associated with clinical improvement in LTRs with MDR bacterial infection not responsive to antibiotics alone. BT may be a viable adjunct to antibiotics for patients with MDR infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Aslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew M. Courtwright
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine Koval
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biswajit Biswas
- Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD
| | - Matthew Henry
- Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD
| | - Truong Luu
- Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD
| | - Brittany N. Bivens
- Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD
| | - Theron Hamilton
- Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD
| | - Christopher Duplessis
- Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD
| | - Cathy Logan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nancy Law
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gordon Yung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jason Turowski
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Judith Anesi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Steffanie A. Strathdee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Robert T. Schooley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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16
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Law N, Logan C, Yung G, Furr CLL, Lehman SM, Morales S, Rosas F, Gaidamaka A, Bilinsky I, Grint P, Schooley RT, Aslam S. Successful adjunctive use of bacteriophage therapy for treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a cystic fibrosis patient. Infection 2019; 47:665-668. [PMID: 31102236 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-019-01319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We describe the use of bacteriophage therapy in a 26-year-old cystic fibrosis (CF) patient awaiting lung transplantation. HOSPITAL COURSE The patient developed multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia, persistent respiratory failure, and colistin-induced renal failure. We describe the use of intravenous bacteriophage therapy (BT) along with systemic antibiotics in this patient, lack of adverse events, and clinical resolution of infection with this approach. She did not have recurrence of pseudomonal pneumonia and CF exacerbation within 100 days following the end of BT and underwent successful bilateral lung transplantation 9 months later. CONCLUSION Given the concern for MDR P. aeruginosa infections in CF patients, BT may offer a viable anti-infective adjunct to traditional antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Law
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, 4510 Executive Drive, Suite P7, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Cathy Logan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, 4510 Executive Drive, Suite P7, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Gordon Yung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Igor Bilinsky
- Ampliphi Biosciences Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul Grint
- Ampliphi Biosciences Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Schooley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, 4510 Executive Drive, Suite P7, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
- Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, 4510 Executive Drive, Suite P7, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
- Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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17
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Watterson K, Hauck MJ, Auker A, Burns R, Greider J, Marlin M, McAlpin N, Melville S, Shirley J, Stevens L, Logan C, Fenimore E. S.T.I.C.K.: A Quality Improvement Pediatric IV Infiltration Prevention Bundle. J Pediatr Nurs 2018; 41:38-41. [PMID: 29370959 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters are commonly used in pediatric medical-surgical orthopedic and neurology populations but are at risk of dislodgement with subsequent infiltration of fluids and/or medications. This quality improvement project sought to decrease the incidence of infiltration by creating an educational awareness program for both staff nurses and families using the S.T.I.C.K. mnemonic bundle. Rates of PIV catheter infiltration on a pediatric medical-surgical orthopedic and neurology unit were found to decrease when staff nurses utilized the S.T.I.C.K. mnemonic bundle while managing PIV catheter care for pediatric medical-surgical orthopedic and neurology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maggie Jo Hauck
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States.
| | - Amanda Auker
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Rebecca Burns
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | | | - Melissa Marlin
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Natalie McAlpin
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | | | | | | | - Cathy Logan
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Erika Fenimore
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
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18
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Aslam S, Yung G, Dan J, Reed S, LeFebvre M, Logan C, Taplitz R, Law N, Golts E, Afshar K, Lehman S, Morales S, Furr C, Rosas F, Gaidamaka A, Bilinsky I, Grint P, Biswas B, Duplessis C, Hamilton T, Schooley R. Bacteriophage Treatment in a Lung Transplant Recipient. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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19
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Cheng L, McCormick J, Logan C, Hague H, Hodge MC, Edwards GR. Liveweight gain and urinary nitrogen excretion of dairy heifers grazing perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture, canola, and wheat. Anim Prod Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an15533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine liveweight gain (LWG), urinary nitrogen (N) concentration, and urinary N excretion of dairy heifers grazing perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture, dual-purpose wheat and dual-purpose canola. A temporal replicate design with two replicates was used to conduct the study. A total of 24–30 Friesian × Jersey heifers, aged 9–11 months were allocated into three dietary treatment groups (pasture, canola, and wheat) according to their initial LW (184 ± 7.0 kg; mean ± s.d.) and breeding worth (NZ$142 ± 11.3; mean ± s.d.). Feed was allocated every 4 days with allowance calculated according to feed requirement for maintenance plus 0.8 kg LWG/day. The LWG over the 26–28-day experimental period was higher (P < 0.001) for heifers grazing wheat (0.66 kg/day) and canola (0.53 kg/day) than pasture (0.35 kg/day). After the experimental period, heifers were grazed together in one herd on pasture. The LWG over the 28–44-day carryover period was higher (P < 0.001) in canola (0.86 kg/day) than wheat (0.57 kg/day) and pasture (0.61 kg/day). The concentration of urinary N was lower (P = 0.017) in canola (0.21%) and wheat (0.24%) than pasture (0.35%). Estimated urinary N excretion was lower (P < 0.001) in canola (52.5 g/day) and wheat (59.1 g/day) than pasture (98.9 g/day). Data suggest that grazing canola and wheat compared with pasture may improve heifer LWG and potentially reduce N losses to the environment by reducing the N loading of urine patches.
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20
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Mach J, Logan C, Gemikonakli G, Kane A, Howlett S, de Cabo R, Le Couteur D, Hilmer S. EFFECT OF CHRONIC POLYPHARMACY AND THE DRUG BURDEN INDEX (DBI) ON PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN AGED MICE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Mach
- Kolling Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - C. Logan
- Kolling Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - G. Gemikonakli
- Kolling Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - A.E. Kane
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - S.E. Howlett
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,
| | - R. de Cabo
- National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland,
| | - D.G. Le Couteur
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S.N. Hilmer
- Kolling Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
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21
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Mehta SR, Logan C, Kotton CN, Kumar D, Aslam S. Use of organs from donors with bloodstream infection, pneumonia, and influenza: Results of a survey of infectious diseases practitioners. Transpl Infect Dis 2017; 19. [PMID: 27910193 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential organ donors may be admitted with an infection to an intensive care unit, or contract a nosocomial infection during their stay, increasing the risk of potential transmission to the recipient. Because of a lack of practice guidelines and large-scale data on this topic, we undertook a survey to assess the willingness of transplant infectious diseases (ID) physicians to accept such organs. METHODS We performed a 10-question survey of ID providers from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Disease Community of Practice to determine the scope of practice regarding acceptance of organs from donors with bloodstream infection, pneumonia, and influenza prior to organ procurement, as well as management of such infections following transplantation. RESULTS Among 60 respondents to our survey, a majority indicated that organs would be accepted from donors bacteremic with streptococci (76%) or Enterobacteriaceae (73%) without evidence of drug resistance. Acceptance rates varied based on infecting organism, type of organ, and center size. Ten percent of respondents would accept an organ from a donor bacteremic with a carbapenem-resistant organism. Over 90% of respondents would accept an organ other than a lung from a donor with influenza on treatment, compared with 52% that would accept a lung in the same setting. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to our knowledge to survey transplant ID providers regarding acceptance of organs based on specific infections in the donor. These decisions are often based on limited published data and experience. Better characterization of the outcomes from donors with specific types of infection could lead to liberalization of organ acceptance practices across centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay R Mehta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cathy Logan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Camille N Kotton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saima Aslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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22
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Logan C, Asadi H, Kok H, Kavanagh F, Thornton J, Looby S, Brennan P, O’Hare A. Progressive respiratory depression and bulbar palsy: Answer. J Clin Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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McGraw S, Bukhari A, Champagne C, Hatch A, Logan C, Spanbauer S, Montain S, Cole R. Physically Fit Soldiers Eat Healthier and Feel Nutrition Impacts Physical Performance. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Cole R, Bukhari A, Champagne C, McGraw S, Hatch A, Logan C, Spanbauer S, Montain S. Healthy Eating Index Increased after Tactical Human Optimization, Rapid Rehabilitation and Reconditioning (THOR3) Dining Facility Menu Enhancement in Military Operators. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Marmor R, Logan C, Hemming A, Berumen J. Fever, Cough, and Right Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain in a Liver Transplant Recipient. Am J Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Marmor
- University of California; San Diego CA
| | - C. Logan
- University of California; San Diego CA
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26
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Boran N, Vivian B, Logan C, Grogan J. Formation of a carbapenemase resistance detection algorithm for use in the routine laboratory. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 72:12-22. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2015.11666790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Khan SA, Veledar E, Logan C, Mehta S, Yung G, Aslam S. Impact of Donor Lung Gram Stain on Post-Transplant Pneumonia and Mortality: More Lungs Can Be Used to Save Lives. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv133.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Hartill V, Logan C, Parry DA, Szymanska K, Ashcroft K, English K, Prescott K, Dobbie A, Barwick S, Bennett C, Goodship J, Sheridan E, Johnson C. Investigation into the Importance of genes encoding ciliary proteins in congenital heart disease using whole exome sequencing. Cilia 2015. [PMCID: PMC4518900 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2530-4-s1-p9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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29
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Givens M, Weaver A, Bickman S, Logan C, Noormahomed EV, Patel S, Schooley RT, Benson CA, Lochhead MJ. Near patient CD4 count in a hospitalized HIV patient population. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2015; 92:451-455. [PMID: 25917935 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point-of-care (POC) CD4 T-cell counting is increasingly recognized as providing improved linkage-to-care during management of HIV infection, particularly in resource-limited settings where disease burden is highest. This study evaluated prototype POC CD4 T-cell counters from MBio Diagnostics in the context of low CD4 count, hospitalized patients in Mozambique. This study measured system performance when presented with challenging, low count samples from HIV/AIDS patients with acute illnesses resulting in hospitalization. METHODS Forty whole blood samples were collected from donors on the medical service at Maputo Central Hospital and absolute CD4 counts were generated on the MBio CD4 system and a reference laboratory using flow cytometry. RESULTS The mean and median CD4 counts by the flow cytometry reference were 173 and 80 cells/µL, respectively. Correlation between the MBio CD4 System and the reference was good. Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean bias of +15 cells/µL (+9 to +21 cells/µL, 95% CI), and limits of agreement of -47 to 77 cells/µL. For samples with counts >100 cells/µL (N = 14), the mean coefficient of variation was 7.3%. For samples with counts <50 cells/µL, mean absolute bias of replicate samples was 4.8 cells/µL. When two MBio readers were compared, Bland-Altman bias was -4 cells/µL (-13 to +6 cells/µL, 95% CI), and limits of agreement of -63 and +55 cells/µL. CONCLUSIONS The MBio System holds promise as a POC system for quantitation of CD4 T cells in resource-limited settings given system throughput (80-100 cartridges/day), design simplicity, and ease-of-use. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Givens
- MBio Diagnostics Inc., 5603 Arapahoe Ave, Suite 1, Boulder, Colorado, 80303
| | - Amanda Weaver
- MBio Diagnostics Inc., 5603 Arapahoe Ave, Suite 1, Boulder, Colorado, 80303
| | - Sarah Bickman
- MBio Diagnostics Inc., 5603 Arapahoe Ave, Suite 1, Boulder, Colorado, 80303
| | - Cathy Logan
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique, Africa
| | - Emilia V Noormahomed
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique, Africa.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0711, San Diego, California, 92093
| | - Sam Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0711, San Diego, California, 92093.,Department of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique, Africa
| | - Robert T Schooley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0711, San Diego, California, 92093
| | - Constance A Benson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0711, San Diego, California, 92093
| | - Michael J Lochhead
- MBio Diagnostics Inc., 5603 Arapahoe Ave, Suite 1, Boulder, Colorado, 80303
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van Gent M, Heuvelman CJ, van der Heide HG, Hallander HO, Advani A, Guiso N, Wirsing von Kőnig CH, Vestrheim DF, Dalby T, Fry NK, Pierard D, Detemmerman L, Zavadilova J, Fabianova K, Logan C, Habington A, Byrne M, Lutyńska A, Mosiej E, Pelaz C, Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela K, Barkoff AM, Mertsola J, Economopoulou A, He Q, Mooi FR. Analysis of Bordetella pertussis clinical isolates circulating in European countries during the period 1998-2012. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 34:821-30. [PMID: 25527446 PMCID: PMC4365279 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite more than 50 years of vaccination, pertussis is still an endemic disease, with regular epidemic outbreaks. With the exception of Poland, European countries have replaced whole-cell vaccines (WCVs) by acellular vaccines (ACVs) in the 1990s. Worldwide, antigenic divergence in vaccine antigens has been found between vaccine strains and circulating strains. In this work, 466 Bordetella pertussis isolates collected in the period 1998–2012 from 13 European countries were characterised by multi-locus antigen sequence typing (MAST) of the pertussis toxin promoter (ptxP) and of the genes coding for proteins used in the ACVs: pertussis toxin (Ptx), pertactin (Prn), type 2 fimbriae (Fim2) and type 3 fimbriae (Fim3). Isolates were further characterised by fimbrial serotyping, multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results showed a very similar B. pertussis population for 12 countries using ACVs, while Poland, which uses a WCV, was quite distinct, suggesting that ACVs and WCVs select for different B. pertussis populations. This study forms a baseline for future studies on the effect of vaccination programmes on B. pertussis populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Gent
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands,
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Blakkolb B, Logan C, Jandura L, Okon A, Anderson M, Katz I, Aveni G, Brown K, Chung S, Ferraro N, Limonadi D, Melko J, Mennella J, Yavrouian A. Organic cleanliness of the Mars Science Laboratory sample transfer chain. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:075111. [PMID: 25085177 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary science goals of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover, Curiosity, is the detection of organics in Mars rock and regolith. To achieve this, the Curiosity rover includes a robotic sampling system that acquires rock and regolith samples and delivers it to the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on board the rover. In order to provide confidence that any significant organics detection result was Martian and not terrestrial in origin, a requirement was levied on the flight system (i.e., all sources minus the SAM instrument) to impart no more than 36 parts per billion (ppb by weight) of total reduced carbon terrestrial contamination to any sample transferred to the SAM instrument. This very clean level was achieved by a combination of a rigorous contamination control program on the project, and then using the first collected samples for a "dilution cleaning" campaign of the sample chain prior to delivering a sample to the SAM instrument. Direct cleanliness assays of the sample-contacting and other Flight System surfaces during pre-launch processing were used as inputs to determine the number of dilution cleaning samples needed once on Mars, to enable delivery of suitably clean samples to the SAM experiment. Taking into account contaminant redistribution during launch thorough landing of the MSL on Mars, the amount of residue present on the sampling hardware prior to the time of first dilution cleaning sample acquisition was estimated to be 60 ng/cm(2) on exposed outer surfaces of the sampling hardware and 20 ng/cm(2) on internal sample contacting surfaces; residues consisting mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbons and esters. After three dilution cleaning samples, estimated in-sample contamination level for the first regolith sample delivered to the SAM instrument at the Gale Crater "Rocknest" site was bounded at ≤10 ppb total organic carbon. A Project decision to forego ejecting the dilution cleaning sample and instead transfer the first drill-acquired sample at the "John Klein" site to SAM resulted in an estimated level of terrestrial contamination of ≤430 ppb. The estimated terrestrial contamination for portions from the second drill-acquired sample, at Cumberland, was ≤69 ppb; the estimate for a future, third, drilled sample is ≤38 ppb. These levels are comparable in magnitude to the SAM instrument blanks at the nanomole level (as chlorohydrocarbon).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Blakkolb
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - C Logan
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - L Jandura
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A Okon
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - M Anderson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - I Katz
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - G Aveni
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - K Brown
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - S Chung
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - N Ferraro
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - D Limonadi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J Melko
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J Mennella
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A Yavrouian
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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Logan C, Givens M, Ives JT, Delaney M, Lochhead MJ, Schooley RT, Benson CA. Performance evaluation of the MBio Diagnostics point-of-care CD4 counter. J Immunol Methods 2012; 387:107-13. [PMID: 23063690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of the absolute CD4 T-cell count is critical in the initial evaluation and staging of HIV-infected persons, yet access to this technology remains limited in many low resource settings where disease burden is highest. Here we evaluate the performance of a prototype point-of-care device (POC) to quantify CD4 T cells from MBio Diagnostics, Inc. Whole blood samples, both venous and capillary (finger stick), were collected from known HIV-infected participants at the University of California, San Diego Antiviral Research Center, and tested using the MBio system and conventional flow cytometry. A total of 94 venipuncture and 52 capillary samples were processed and statistical analyses included comparison to flow cytometry results. For the venipuncture samples, Bland-Altman analysis resulted in a mean bias of -10 cells/μL (-23 to +3 cells/μL, 95% CI), and limits of agreement (LOA) of -132 and +112 cells/μL. For the capillary samples, Bland-Altman resulted in a mean bias of -4 cells/μL (-31 to +23 cells/μL, 95% CL), and LOA of -195 and +186 cells/μL. For the San Diego study cohort, the prototype MBio system showed negligible quantitative bias relative to flow cytometry. Higher variability was observed in the capillary samples relative to venipuncture, but system precision for both capillary and venipuncture samples was good. There was also close agreement between results from the same participant when tested with two different systems, different operators and different locations. This preliminary evaluation suggests that the MBio CD4 device holds promise as a POC system for quantitation of CD4 T cells in limited-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Logan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0711, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Mitchell-Foster K, Ma BO, Warsame-Ali S, Logan C, Rau ME, Lowenberger C. The influence of larval density, food stress, and parasitism on the bionomics of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): implications for integrated vector management. J Vector Ecol 2012; 37:221-229. [PMID: 22548557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
New larval control strategies for integrated vector management of Aedes aegypti are in high demand, including the use of biological control agents. Exposure of Aedes aegypti to parasites, starvation, and overcrowded conditions during larval development reduces the probability of survival to eclosion, can directly affect fitness parameters such as adult size and fecundity, and can affect the size, provisioning, and viability of eggs produced by females. We compared these parameters after exposing larvae to 1) abundant food at low larval densities, 2) food deprivation and high larval density, and 2) infection with the endoparasite Plagiorchis elegans, an entomopathogenic digenean trematode. Female mosquitoes that eclosed from larval conditions of starvation and overcrowding were smaller and laid fewer and smaller eggs than controls. The proportion of females to complete an oviposition cycle was reduced in the P. elegans-infected treatment group. Parasite load was negatively correlated with wing length and egg size. Infection of Ae. aegypti with P. elegans has sublethal effects and may reduce population-level reproductive output, but one-time low-density P. elegans exposure does not have sufficient effect on Ae. aegypti fitness parameters to be considered a viable biocontrol option.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mitchell-Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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Nusse R, Fuerer C, Ching W, Harnish K, Logan C, Zeng A, ten Berge D, Kalani Y. Wnt signaling and stem cell control. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2008; 73:59-66. [PMID: 19028988 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2008.73.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In many contexts, self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells are influenced by signals from their environment, constituting a niche. It is postulated that stem cells compete for local growth factors in the niche, thereby maintaining a balance between the numbers of self-renewing and differentiated cells. A critical aspect of the niche model for stem cell regulation is that the availability of self-renewing factors is limited and that stem cells compete for these factors (Fig. 1). Consequently, the range and concentrations of the niche factors are of critical importance. Now that some of the few self-renewing factors have become identified, aspects of the niche models can be tested experimentally. In this chapter, we address mechanisms of signal regulation that take place at the level of signal-producing cells, constituting a niche for stem cells. We emphasize the biochemical properties and posttranslational modifications of the signals, all in the context of Wnt signaling. We propose that these modifications control the range of Wnt signaling and have critical roles in establishing niches for stem cells in various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nusse
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Logan C. The search for relief. Rehab Manag 2008; 21:24-27. [PMID: 18767606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Logan C. Substantial solutions. Creating safe and sensitive care pathways for bariatric patients. Rehab Manag 2008; 21:23-25. [PMID: 18672820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Arun B, Logan C, Yin G, Yun G, Hortobagyi GG, Browne D, Sneige N. Phase II prevention trial of celecoxib in women at increased risk for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1501 Background: Tamoxifen and raloxifen reduce the risk of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. Acceptance of SERMs is low due to toxicities. New agents with a better toxicity profile which also will prevent ER-negative breast cancer are needed. The cyclooxygenase II inhibitor celecoxib has antiproliferative, and antiangiogenetic properties and is a putative breast cancer prevention agent. Our objective in this prospective short-term prevention study was to evaluate the effect of celecoxib on biomarkers in breast tissue and serum of high risk women. Methods: High risk individuals with a history of atypical hyperplasia, or lobular carcinoma insitu, or Gail risk greater than 1.67%, or previous history of ER negative breast cancer were eligible. After signing informed consent subjects underwent baseline fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the breast and serum collection for biomarker analysis. Subjects started celecoxib at 400 mg po BID for 6 months and underwent repeat FNA and serum collection. Biomarker endpoints included changes in ER and KI-67 expression in breast tissue analyzed by immunohistochemistry and insulin like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-1) in serum analyzed by ELISA. The difference in biomarkers before and after treatment was assessed using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: 49 patients were enrolled and accrual has been completed. Median age was 51 years and 57% of women were postmenopausal. The mean pre- and post treatment ER expression was 35.5% and 31%, respectively. The difference in ER expression was not significant (p = 0.1). The mean pre- and post treatment KI-67 expression was 1.68% and 1.60%, respectively. The difference was not significant (p = 0.8). However, there was a statistically significant difference in pre- and post treatment IGFBP-1 levels (p=0.023), with pre-and post treatment levels being 6.81ng/ml and 11.51ng/ml, respectively. No grade 3 or 4 toxicities were observed and there was no drop-out from the study. Conclusions: We have found a significant modulation of IGFBP-1 levels with 6 months celecoxib treatment in women who are at increased risk of developing breast cancer. The acceptable side effect profile and modulation of the biomarker (IGFBP-1) provides support for continued evaluation of celecoxib as a breast cancer prevention agent. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Arun
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - C. Logan
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - G. Yin
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - G. Yun
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - G. G. Hortobagyi
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - D. Browne
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - N. Sneige
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Logan C. Staying fit after 50. Rehab Manag 2007; 20:34-7. [PMID: 17366937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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Logan C. Seeking relief. A variety of modalities is available for management of acute and chronic pain. Rehab Manag 2007; 20:38, 40, 42-3. [PMID: 17310898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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Gauthier L, Tumova K, Logan C, Robbins S. [P200]: Role of ephrin B1 reverse signaling in development of the chick neural tube. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.09.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Logan C. Stimulating therapy. Rehab Manag 2006; 19:34, 36, 38-9. [PMID: 17131806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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Koshy PJ, Henderson N, Logan C, Life PF, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Interleukin 17 induces cartilage collagen breakdown: novel synergistic effects in combination with proinflammatory cytokines. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61:704-13. [PMID: 12117676 PMCID: PMC1754191 DOI: 10.1136/ard.61.8.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether interleukin 17 (IL17), derived specifically from T cells, can promote type II collagen release from cartilage. The ability of IL17 to synergise with other proinflammatory mediators to induce collagen release from cartilage, and what effect anti-inflammatory agents had on this process, was also assessed. METHODS IL17 alone, or in combination with IL1, IL6, oncostatin M (OSM), or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), was added to bovine nasal cartilage explant cultures. Proteoglycan and collagen release were determined. Collagenolytic activity was determined by bioassay. Chondroprotective effects of IL4, IL13, transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) were assessed by inclusion in the explant cultures. RESULTS IL17 alone stimulated a dose dependent release of proteoglycan and type II collagen from bovine nasal cartilage explants. Suboptimal doses of IL17 synergised potently with TNFalpha, IL1, OSM, and IL6 to promote collagen degradation. This collagen release was completely inhibited by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and BB-94 (a synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitor), and was significantly reduced by IL4, IL13, TGFbeta1, and IGF1. In IL17 treated chondrocytes, mRNA expression for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 was detected. Moreover, a synergistic induction of these MMPs was seen when IL17 was combined with other proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS IL17 can, alone and synergistically in combination with other proinflammatory cytokines, promote chondrocyte mediated MMP dependent type II collagen release from cartilage. Because levels of all these proinflammatory cytokines are raised in rheumatoid synovial fluids, this study suggests that IL17 may act as a potent upstream mediator of cartilage collagen breakdown in inflammatory joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Koshy
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Framlington Place, UK
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Logan C, Mayhew SG. Cloning, overexpression, and characterization of peroxiredoxin and NADH peroxiredoxin reductase from Thermus aquaticus. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:30019-28. [PMID: 10862622 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The genes for peroxiredoxin (Prx) and NADH:peroxiredoxin oxidoreductase (PrxR) have been cloned from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus. prx is located upstream from prxR, the two genes being separated by 13 bases. The amino acid sequences show that Prx is related to two-cysteine peroxiredoxins from a range of organisms and that PrxR resembles NADH-dependent flavoenzymes that catalyze the reduction of peroxiredoxins in mesophilic bacteria. The sequence of PrxR also resembles those of thioredoxin reductases (TrxR) from thermophiles but with an N-terminal extension of about 200 residues. PrxR has motifs for two redox-active disulfides, one in the FAD-binding site, as occurs in TrxR, and the other in the N-terminal extension. The molecular masses of the monomers of Prx and PrxR are 21.0 and 54.9 kDa, respectively; both enzymes exist as multimers. The recombinant flavoenzyme requires 3 mol equivalents of dithionite for full reduction, as is consistent with 1 FAD and 2 disulfides per monomer. PrxR and Prx together catalyze the anaerobic reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The activity of Prx is much less than has been observed with homologous proteins. Prx appears to be inactivated by cumene hydroperoxide. PrxR itself has low peroxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Logan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Karam SD, Burrows RC, Logan C, Koblar S, Pasquale EB, Bothwell M. Eph receptors and ephrins in the developing chick cerebellum: relationship to sagittal patterning and granule cell migration. J Neurosci 2000; 20:6488-500. [PMID: 10964955 PMCID: PMC6772988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/1999] [Revised: 05/03/2000] [Accepted: 06/12/2000] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal expression patterns of six members of the Eph gene family (EphA4, EphA3, EphB2, ephrin-B1, ephrin-A2, and ephrin-A5) were characterized immunocytochemically at various stages of chick cerebellar development. EphA4 expression is observed in the cerebellar anlage as early as embryonic day 5 (E5) and continues in the posthatch cerebellum. During the early period of cerebellar development (E3-E8), complementarity is observed between EphA4 and ephrin-A5 expression within the cerebellar-isthmal region. By E8, differential expression of EphA4 in parasagittal Purkinje cell bands is evident, and the expression remains banded in the posthatch cerebellum. Banded expression of the ephrin-A5 ligand complements EphA4 expression during the middle period (E9-E15). During this period, ephrin-A2 and EphA3 are coexpressed in a banded pattern and with variable correlation to EphA4. Variability in the banding expression is observed for EphA4, EphA3, ephrin-A5, and ephrin-A2 across different lobes, and graded complementarity in the expression pattern of EphA3 and ephrin-A5 is observed in the external granular layer between the posterior and anterior lobes. Analysis of Purkinje cell birth date in correlation with Eph-ephrin expression during the middle period reveals that early-born cells express EphA4, whereas late-born cells express ephrin-A5. Finally, EphA4 expression domains are respected by migrating granule cell ribbons, which express both ephrin-B1 and EphB2. These expression patterns suggest multiple roles for the Eph-ephrin system in cerebellar development, including demarcation/enforcement of boundaries of the cerebellar anlage, formation/maintenance of Purkinje cell compartments, and restriction of the early phase of granule cell migration to ribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Karam
- Department of Physiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Altabef M, Logan C, Tickle C, Lumsden A. Engrailed-1 misexpression in chick embryos prevents apical ridge formation but preserves segregation of dorsal and ventral ectodermal compartments. Dev Biol 2000; 222:307-16. [PMID: 10837120 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2000.9659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using lineage tracers, we recently showed dorsal and ventral ectodermal compartments along the sides of the body in chick embryos. The compartments are formed both in presumptive limb-forming regions where they position the apical ridge and also in presumptive interlimb (flank). Here we show, using a novel technique combining fate mapping and in situ hybridisation, that the ventral compartment coincides with the Engrailed-1 (En-1) domain of expression. This coincidence suggests that En-1 could maintain the ventral compartment and be necessary for apical ridge formation. To test this hypothesis, we ectopically expressed En-1 via retroviral transfer and then examined limb development and cell lineage restriction in the ectoderm. En-1 misexpression can completely prevent formation of both normal limbs and ectopic limbs induced in the flank by application of FGF-2. In both cases, there are no morphological signs of apical ectodermal ridge formation and expression of ridge-associated genes is undetectable. In striking contrast, the lineage restriction between dorsal and ventral ectoderm is not altered. Therefore, En-1 is involved in the regulation of ridge formation but not compartment maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Altabef
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Logan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Calgary, Canada
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Hornberger MR, Dütting D, Ciossek T, Yamada T, Handwerker C, Lang S, Weth F, Huf J, Wessel R, Logan C, Tanaka H, Drescher U. Modulation of EphA receptor function by coexpressed ephrinA ligands on retinal ganglion cell axons. Neuron 1999; 22:731-42. [PMID: 10230793 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Eph family is thought to exert its function through the complementary expression of receptors and ligands. Here, we show that EphA receptors colocalize on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons with EphA ligands, which are expressed in a high-nasal-to-low-temporal pattern. In the stripe assay, only temporal axons are normally sensitive for repellent axon guidance cues of the caudal tectum. However, overexpression of ephrinA ligands on temporal axons abolishes this sensitivity, whereas treatment with PI-PLC both removes ephrinA ligands from retinal axons and induces a striped outgrowth of formerly insensitive nasal axons. In vivo, retinal overexpression of ephrinA2 leads to topographic targeting errors of temporal axons. These data suggest that differential ligand expression on retinal axons is a major determinant of topographic targeting in the retinotectal projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hornberger
- Department of Physical Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
We describe here how the early limb bud of the quail embryo develops in the absence of retinoids, including retinoic acid. Retinoid-deficient embryos develop to about stage 20/21, thus allowing patterns of early gene activity in the limb bud to be readily examined. Genes representing different aspects of limb polarity were analysed. Concerning the anteroposterior axis, Hoxb-8 was up-regulated and its border was shifted anteriorly whereas shh and the mesodermal expression of bmp-2 were down-regulated in the absence of retinoids. Concerning the apical ectodermal genes, fgf-4 was down-regulated whereas fgf-8 and the ectodermal domain of bmp-2 were unaffected. Genes involved in dorsoventral polarity were all disrupted. Wnt-7a, normally confined to the dorsal ectoderm, was ectopically expressed in the ventral ectoderm and the corresponding dorsal mesodermal gene Lmx-1 spread into the ventral mesoderm. En-1 was partially or completely absent from the ventral ectoderm. These dorsoventral patterns of expression resemble those seen in En-1 knockout mouse limb buds. Overall, the patterns of gene expression are also similar to the Japanese limbless mutant. These experiments demonstrate that the retinoid-deficient embryo is a valuable tool for dissecting pathways of gene activity in the limb bud and reveal for the first time a role for retinoic acid in the organisation of the dorsoventral axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stratford
- Developmental Biology Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Division, King's College London, London, UK
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Anderson BJ, Relucio K, Haglund K, Logan C, Knowlton B, Thompson J, Steinmetz JE, Thompson RF, Greenough WT. Effects of paired and unpaired eye-blink conditioning on Purkinje cell morphology. Learn Mem 1999; 6:128-37. [PMID: 10327238 PMCID: PMC311285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This experiment addressed (1) the importance of conjunctive stimulus presentation for morphological plasticity of cerebellar Purkinje cells and inhibitory interneurons and (2) whether plasticity is restricted to the spiny branches of Purkinje cells, which receive parallel fiber input. These issues were investigated in naive rabbits and in rabbits that received paired or unpaired presentations of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US). To direct CS input to the cerebellar cortex, pontine stimulation served as the CS. Air puffs to the cornea served as the US. Paired condition rabbits received pontine stimulation for 350 msec paired with a coterminating 100-msec air puff. Unpaired condition rabbits received the same stimuli in a pseudorandom order at 1- to 32-sec intervals. Rabbits were trained for a mean of 12 days. Naive rabbits received no treatment. In Golgi-stained Purkinje neurons in lobule HVI, total dendritic length, main branch length, total spiny branch length, and number of spiny branch arbors were all greater in the naive group than in the paired and unpaired groups, which did not differ. No differences were found between the hemispheres ipsilateral and contralateral to the trained eye. The dendritic length and number of branches for inhibitory interneurons did not differ across groups. The Purkinje cell morphological changes detected with these methods do not appear to be uniquely related to the conjunctive activation of the CS and US in the paired condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Anderson
- Department of Psychology State University of New York-Stony Brook, 11794, USA
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Shamim H, Mahmood R, Logan C, Doherty P, Lumsden A, Mason I. Sequential roles for Fgf4, En1 and Fgf8 in specification and regionalisation of the midbrain. Development 1999; 126:945-59. [PMID: 9927596 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.5.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Experiments involving tissue recombinations have implicated both early vertical and later planar signals in the specification and polarisation of the midbrain. Here we investigate the role of fibroblast growth factors in regulating these processes in the avian embryo. We show that Fgf4 is expressed in the notochord anterior to Hensen's node before transcripts for the earliest molecular marker of midbrain tissue in the avian embryo, En1, are detected. The presence of notochord is required for the expression of En1 in neural plate explants in vitro and FGF4 mimics this effect of notochord tissue. Subsequently, a second member of the fibroblast growth factor family, Fgf8, is expressed in the isthmus in a manner consistent with it providing a polarising signal for the developing midbrain. Using a retroviral vector to express En1 ectopically, we show that En1 can induce Fgf8 expression in midbrain and posterior diencephalon. Results of the introduction of FGF8 protein into the anterior midbrain or posterior diencephalon are consistent with it being at least part of the isthmic activity which can repolarise the former tissue and respecify the latter to a midbrain fate. However, the ability of FGF8 to induce expression of genes which have earlier onsets of expression than Fgf8 itself, namely En1 and Pax2, strongly suggests that the normal function of FGF8 is in maintaining patterns of gene expression in posterior midbrain. Finally, we provide evidence that FGF8 also provides mitogenic stimulation during avian midbrain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shamim
- MRC Brain Development Programme, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Medical School's of Guy's, King's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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