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Cho CH, Kim YM, Oh YM, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Kim JE, Lee SA. A simulation-based continuing professional development course for the first 5 minutes of cardiac arrest in the resource-limited local clinics. Korean J Med Educ 2022; 34:319-325. [PMID: 36464902 PMCID: PMC9726238 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2022.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using simulation in continuing professional development (CPD) courses for local practitioners is uncommon in Korea. The aim of our study was to evaluate the responses of the local practitioners for a simulation-based short CPD course. METHODS Following the targeted needs assessment of local practitioners, we developed and implemented a 3-hour simulation-based CPD course for the first 5 minutes of cardiac arrest in the resource-limited local clinics. We evaluated the participant's responses to the course using a questionnaire. RESULTS During the 3-year implementation period, 115 practitioners participated in 10 courses, and 113 (98%) responded to the questionnaire. The overall course satisfaction (10-point scale) was very positive (10 in 93 [82.3%], 9 in 19 [16.8%], and 8 in 1 [0.8%]). The level (5-point scale) of recommendation to the others was also high (5 in 103 [91.2%] and 4 in 10 [8.8%]). Many participants positively commented on the authentic practical experience of the uncommon crisis in their contexts. CONCLUSION A simulation-based short CPD course for in-hospital cardiac arrest could provide an authentic practical experience for local practitioners working in resource-limited clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- START Center for Medical Simulation, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Joon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- START Center for Medical Simulation, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung A Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Cho CH, Cho M, Park JK. Biomarker barcodes: multiplexed microfluidic immunohistochemistry enables high-throughput analysis of tissue microarray. Lab Chip 2021; 21:3471-3482. [PMID: 34263282 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a multiplexed microfluidic immunohistochemistry (IHC) technology that enables high-throughput analysis of tissue microarrays (TMAs) using the patterns of biomarker barcodes, which consist of a series of expressed linear patterns of specific biomarkers. A multichannel poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic device was reversibly assembled by the pressure of simple equipment for multiplexed IHC on each core of TMA or cell microarray (CMA) section slides. By injecting primary antibodies from different biomarkers independently into each channel, multiplexed immunostaining can be performed on each core of TMA. We confirmed the equal immunostaining quality regardless of the channel orders and core positions in the slide. Four different biomarkers (ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67) were used for the demonstration of distinctive expression patterns on CMAs which consist of six different breast cancer cell lines, and it was confirmed that these bar-like signals could be a biomarker barcode for the TMA core. A biomarker barcode of breast cancer patient-derived TMA was quickly scanned by a slide scanner and compared to the conventional method for breast cancer diagnosis. This "barcode-IHC" concept, which has been verified by performing multiplexed microfluidic IHC on CMA and TMA samples, provides high reproducibility and the potential of high-throughput screening with molecular diagnostic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minkyung Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Im GJ, do Han K, Park KH, Cho CH, Jang H, Lee JH, Lee SH. Rate of chronic otitis media operations and cholesteatoma surgeries in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study (2006-2018). Sci Rep 2020; 10:11356. [PMID: 32647201 PMCID: PMC7347575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the total number and rate of chronic otitis media (COM) operations and cholesteatoma surgeries in South Korea, using a nationwide survey which analysed a 13-year trend (2006–2018). This study also analysed the trend of COM operations and cholesteatoma surgeries according to year, sex, and age using a nationwide population-based database, and the 13-year trend was analysed according to age groups. This study used nationwide data from the National Health Information Database (NHID), which is a government-affiliated agency under the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare that supervises all medical activities in Korea. Retrospective medical data of patients of all ages were extracted from the NHID from January 2006 to December 2018 (NHIS-2018). This study was conducted by the Research Committee of the Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and the Korean Audiological Society reviewed and confirmed the study. There was a 1.5 fold increase in COM operation rates in 2018, compared to 2007 figures. The annual total number of COM operations was 5,935 in 2007, 8,999 in 2012 (peak), and 8,870 in 2018 (17 in 100,000). Meanwhile, the total annual number of cholesteatoma surgeries decreased from 3,502 in 2006 to 3,199 in 2018 (6 in 100,000). The rate of COM operations was higher (1.27 fold) in the female population than in the males in 2018. However, cholesteatoma surgery rates were higher (1.2 fold) in the male population than in the females in 2018. According to the 2018 data, COM operations were most commonly performed in patients in their 50s. COM operation rates increased rapidly in patients aged 51–80. In other age groups however, rates were constant or showed a decrease in figures, especially in the 40s age group (1st rank in 2006 to 3rd rank in 2018). According to the 2018 data, cholesteatoma surgery was most commonly performed in patients in their 50s. Cholesteatoma surgery rates increased dramatically from 2006 to 2018 in patients aged 0–10 years due to congenital cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma surgery rates also increased in patients aged 61–80 years due to ageing population. Cholesteatoma surgery rates decreased in patients aged 41–50 years, ranking 1st in 2006 and 4th in 2018. In conclusion, the annual rate of COM operations was 0.017%, and no longer increases, but stabilizes/decreased after a peak point in the advanced country. The mean rate of cholesteatoma surgery was 0.006%, and decreased annually. There was female dominance in COM operations, but male dominance in cholesteatoma surgery. Major age groups of patients who underwent COM/cholesteatoma surgery were the 50s and 60s, and congenital cholesteatoma (0–10 years) accounted for about 20% of all cholesteatoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Jung Im
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Kyung do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyunsook Jang
- Division of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Hallym University College of Natural Sciences, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Hu W, Zhang L, Wu WKK, Cho CH. Involvement of autophagy in antibacterial actions of vitamin D in Helicobacter pylori infection: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26 Suppl 4:26-28. [PMID: 32690815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W Hu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - W K K Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C H Cho
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Kim DH, Oh JH, Kim J, Cho CH, Lee JH. Predictive Values of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Other Prognostic Factors in Pediatric Patients With Bell's Palsy. Ear Nose Throat J 2020; 100:720-725. [PMID: 32364446 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320922097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Bell's palsy (BP) is the most frequent cause of unilateral facial paralysis, and inflammation is believed to play an important role in pathogenesis. Due to its rarity, however, no consensus has been reached regarding optimum treatment or factors affecting prognosis. In the present study, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of BP were investigated in pediatric patients who underwent steroid therapy. The goal was to investigate the relationship between BP and inflammation using multiple inflammatory markers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and red cell distribution width (RDW). MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 54 patients diagnosed with BP and 39 healthy randomly selected controls were enrolled in this retrospective study. Demographic characteristics and complete blood cell count test results were compared. In addition, prognostic factors were sought by dividing the 54 patients with BP into 2 groups according to the House-Brackmann grading system: low grade BP (grades II and III) and high grade BP (grades IV and V). Serum samples were analyzed retrospectively on initial presentation and 6 months after the symptom begins. Meaningful hematological parameters include NLR, PLR, MPV, and RDW. RESULTS The NLR values in the BP group were significantly higher than in the control group. The NLR value in the 2 groups of patients with BP differed significantly. The mean PLR value in the BP group was higher than in the control group; however, there were no significant differences between the low-grade and high-grade BP groups nor were there any statically significant differences in the other characteristics. CONCLUSION The NLR and PLR values are readily accessible parameters that may be useful prognostic markers in pediatric patients with BP. Further studies are required to confirm these results and their utility in predicting prognosis and treating pediatric patients with BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Junsuk Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ju Hyoung Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Ha R, Lim BW, Kim DH, Park JW, Cho CH, Lee JH. Predictive values of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and other prognostic factors in pediatric idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 120:134-139. [PMID: 30784810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES No consensus has been reached regarding the optimum treatment or factors affecting prognosis in pediatric idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) due to its rarity. In the present study, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of ISSNHL were investigated in pediatric patients who underwent steroid therapy. SUBJECTS and Methods: Forty-two patients diagnosed with ISSNHL were enrolled in this retrospective study and compared with 39 normal healthy controls with respect to demography and complete blood cell count test results. In addition, prognosis factors were sought by dividing the 42 ISSNHL patients to 3 groups according to their response to the treatment. RESULTS Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) value in the ISSNHL group were significantly higher than in the control group. NLR value in the three treatment response groups differed significantly. Early treatment with steroid and accompanying tinnitus were positive prognostic factor for hearing recovery. Other characteristics were not significant. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that good hearing recovery in children may be associated with early time of initial treatment and accompanying tinnitus. Also, NLR value might be useful readily accessible prognostic markers in pediatric ISSNHL patients. Further studies are required to confirm prognostic factors useful to predict prognosis and treat ISSNHL in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryun Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Byeoung Woo Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Jung Woo Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Ju Hyoung Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
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Cho CH, Kwon S, Kim S, Hong Y, Kim P, Lee ES, Park JK. Microfluidic on-chip immunohistochemistry directly from a paraffin-embedded section. Biomicrofluidics 2018; 12:044110. [PMID: 30079122 PMCID: PMC6053317 DOI: 10.1063/1.5042347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present here a novel microfluidic platform that can perform microfluidic on-chip immunohistochemistry (IHC) processes on a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded section slide. Unlike previous microfluidic IHC studies, our microfluidic chip made of organic solvent-resistant polyurethane acrylate (PUA) is capable of conducting on-chip IHC processes consecutively. A narrow channel wall structure of the PUA chip shows effective sealing by pressure-based reversible assembly with a section slide. We performed both on-chip IHC and conventional IHC processes and compared the IHC results based on the immunostaining intensity. The result showed that the effects of the on-chip deparaffinization, antigen retrieval, and immunoreaction processes on the IHC result were equivalent to conventional methods while reducing the total process time to less than 1/2. The experiment with breast cancer tissue shows that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) classification can be performed by obtaining a clearly distinguishable immunostaining intensity according to the HER2 expression level. We expect our on-chip microfluidic platform to provide a facile technique suitable for miniaturized, automated, and precise diagnostic devices, including a point-of-care device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyong Kwon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Segi Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonmi Hong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: +82-42-350-4315. Fax: +82-42-350-4310
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Kim H, Cho CH, Park JK. High-throughput culture and embedment of spheroid array using droplet contact-based spheroid transfer. Biomicrofluidics 2018; 12:044109. [PMID: 30867862 PMCID: PMC6404923 DOI: 10.1063/1.5039965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Spheroids are one of the most representative models of 3D cell culture, which can be easily formed using conventional hanging drop method. However, medium change and spheroid transferring process are the bottlenecks that reduce the throughput of the entire process in the hanging drop culture. In addition, the embedment of spheroid into hydrogel still depends on the individual pipetting process. To overcome these issues, we present poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based simple devices which can exploit droplet contact-based spheroid transfer using a drop array chip (DAC) having an array of well structures and peripheral rims. When the upper spheroid-containing drops were in contact with the lower liquid drops, the air-liquid interface disappeared at the merged surface and the spheroids settled down due to gravitational force. This method was applied to repetitive medium change and live/dead staining of spheroids cultured with the hanging drop method. To simultaneously embed the spheroids into the corresponding collagen hydrogel drops, a PDMS-based pillar array chip (PAC) was contacted in advance with the spheroid-containing DAC. The contacted PAC then contained the spheroids trapped in small drops of liquid reduced in volume to around 0.5 μl. Consequently, the spheroids were embedded into the collagen drops at once by contacting the spheroid-containing PAC with the collagen-loaded DAC. The embedded spheroids using the DAC-PAC contacting method showed a reliable invasion behavior compared to the embedded spheroids using conventional manual pipetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwisoo Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Chang SA, Won JH, Kim H, Oh SH, Tyler RS, Cho CH. Frequency-Limiting Effects on Speech and Environmental Sound Identification for Cochlear Implant and Normal Hearing Listeners. J Audiol Otol 2018; 22:28-38. [PMID: 29325391 PMCID: PMC5784366 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2017.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It is important to understand the frequency region of cues used, and not used, by cochlear implant (CI) recipients. Speech and environmental sound recognition by individuals with CI and normal-hearing (NH) was measured. Gradients were also computed to evaluate the pattern of change in identification performance with respect to the low-pass filtering or high-pass filtering cutoff frequencies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Frequency-limiting effects were implemented in the acoustic waveforms by passing the signals through low-pass filters (LPFs) or high-pass filters (HPFs) with seven different cutoff frequencies. Identification of Korean vowels and consonants produced by a male and female speaker and environmental sounds was measured. Crossover frequencies were determined for each identification test, where the LPF and HPF conditions show the identical identification scores. RESULTS CI and NH subjects showed changes in identification performance in a similar manner as a function of cutoff frequency for the LPF and HPF conditions, suggesting that the degraded spectral information in the acoustic signals may similarly constraint the identification performance for both subject groups. However, CI subjects were generally less efficient than NH subjects in using the limited spectral information for speech and environmental sound identification due to the inefficient coding of acoustic cues through the CI sound processors. CONCLUSIONS This finding will provide vital information in Korean for understanding how different the frequency information is in receiving speech and environmental sounds by CI processor from normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son-A Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Won
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - HyangHee Kim
- Graduate Program of Speech and Language Pathology, Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ha Oh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Richard S Tyler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chang Hyun Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
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Kwon S, Cho CH, Kwon Y, Lee ES, Park JK. A Microfluidic Immunostaining System Enables Quality Assured and Standardized Immunohistochemical Biomarker Analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45968. [PMID: 28378835 PMCID: PMC5380984 DOI: 10.1038/srep45968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays an important role in biomarker-driven cancer therapy. Although there has been a high demand for standardized and quality assured IHC, it has rarely been achieved due to the complexity of IHC testing and the subjective validation-based process flow of IHC quality control. We present here a microfluidic immunostaining system for the standardization of IHC by creating a microfluidic linearly graded antibody (Ab)-staining device and a reference cell microarray. Unlike conventional efforts, our system deals primarily with the screening of biomarker staining conditions for quantitative quality assurance testing in IHC. We characterized the microfluidic matching of Ab staining intensity using three HER2 Abs produced by different manufacturers. The quality of HER2 Ab was also validated using tissues of breast cancer patients, demonstrating that our system is an efficient and powerful tool for the standardization and quality assurance of IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyong Kwon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Kwon
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Oliveros A, Cho CH, Cui A, Choi S, Lindberg D, Hinton D, Jang MH, Choi DS. Adenosine A 2A receptor and ERK-driven impulsivity potentiates hippocampal neuroblast proliferation. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1095. [PMID: 28418405 PMCID: PMC5416704 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dampened adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) function has been implicated in addiction through enhancement of goal-directed behaviors. However, the contribution of the A2AR to the control of impulsive reward seeking remains unknown. Using mice that were exposed to differential reward of low rate (DRL) schedules during Pavlovian-conditioning, second-order schedule discrimination, and the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), we demonstrate that deficits of A2AR function promote impulsive responses. Antagonism of the A2AR lowered ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in the dorsal hippocampus (dHip) and potentiated impulsivity during Pavlovian-conditioning and the 5-CSRTT. Remarkably, inhibition of ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation by U0126 in the dHip prior to Pavlovian-conditioning exacerbated impulsive reward seeking. Moreover, we found decreased A2AR expression, and reduced ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in the dHip of equilibrative nucleoside transporter type 1 (ENT1-/-) null mice, which displayed exacerbated impulsivity. To determine whether impulsive response behavior is associated with hippocampal neuroblast development, we investigated expression of BrdU+ and doublecortin (DCX+) following 5-CSRTT testing. These studies revealed that impulsive behavior driven by inhibition of the A2AR is accompanied by increased neuroblast proliferation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oliveros
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C H Cho
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Cui
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Lindberg
- Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Hinton
- Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M-H Jang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D-S Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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12
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Kim S, Kwon S, Cho CH, Park JK. Pipetting-driven microfluidic immunohistochemistry to facilitate enhanced immunoreaction and effective use of antibodies. Lab Chip 2017; 17:702-709. [PMID: 28145545 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01495j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC), which has been used to detect antigens in cells of a tissue section using an immunoreaction between an antibody and an antigen, is a practical tool for identifying the type and stage of diseases in cancer diagnosis and scientific research. However, conventional IHC requires long, laborious process times and high costs. Although microfluidic IHC platforms have been developed to overcome these limitations, the application of microfluidic IHC in real-world environments is still limited due to the additional equipment needed to operate the microfluidic systems. In addition, continuous flow in a microfluidic channel leads to a waste of unbound antibodies. In this study, we demonstrate a novel and easy-to-use microfluidic IHC platform operated only using a manual pipette that is commonly available in research laboratories or hospitals. No other device such as a pump or a controller is required to operate our system. Bidirectional flows of the antibody solution in a microfluidic device are induced by repetitive manual pipetting which facilitates the enhanced antigen-antibody reaction and enables the effective use of a limited amount of antibody. When breast cancer cell and tissue sections are reacted with antibodies using our platform, pipetting for less than 2 min is sufficient to obtain immunostaining results without damaging the sample. The staining intensity by our method is similar to that of the sample stained for 1 h by a conventional batch process. We believe that this pipetting-based approach to the operation of a microfluidic system allows end users to use microfluidic IHC more conveniently and easily in real-world environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segi Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seyong Kwon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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13
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Cho CH, Kwon S, Park JK. Assembly of hydrogel units for 3D microenvironment in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) channel. Micro and Nano Syst Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-016-0035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Cho CH, Yu J, Wu WK. Identification of pathogenic microRNAs in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer using a combined approach of animal study and clinical sample analysis. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22 Suppl 6:13-18. [PMID: 27807311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C H Cho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - J Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - W Kk Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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15
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Baek MK, Choi SH, Kim DY, Cho CH, Kim YW, Moon KH, Lee JH. Efficacy of Posterior Canal Wall Reconstruction Using Autologous Auricular Cartilage and Bone Pâté in Chronic Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma. J Int Adv Otol 2016; 12:247-251. [PMID: 27879225 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2016.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the long-term results using the technique of canal wall up mastoidectomy and reconstruction of the posterior canal wall using bone pâté and auricular cartilage in the treatment of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed on 42 patients who underwent canal wall up mastoidectomy and posterior canal wall reconstruction at a single institution between November 2005 and November 2012. RESULTS Of the 42 patients, postoperative tympanic membranes were normal in 38 (90.5%), perforated in 1 (2.4%), and retracted in 3 (7.1%). Mean preoperative and postoperative values of the air-bone gap (ABG) were 29.4±12.8 and 23.4±11.7 dB, respectively, which represented a significant average improvement. For patients with ossiculoplasty (n=24), the mean preoperative and postoperative ABG values were 34.7±6.0 and 27.5±8.0 dB, respectively, which also represented a significant average improvement. Thirty-one (73.8%) of the patients were followed up without any complication, but 5 had otorrhea (11.9%), 4 had dizziness (9.5%), and 2 had facial palsy (4.8%). CONCLUSION A canal wall up mastoidectomy with reconstruction of the posterior canal wall using auricular cartilage and bone pâté provides successful preservation of the anatomic structure and a significant improvement in hearing without the long-term disadvantages of a canal wall down mastoidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kwan Baek
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Kim JH, Cho CH, Shin DH, Hong YC, Shin YW. Abatement of fluorinated compounds using a 2.45GHz microwave plasma torch with a reverse vortex plasma reactor. J Hazard Mater 2015; 294:41-46. [PMID: 25841085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Abatement of fluorinated compounds (FCs) used in semiconductor and display industries has received an attention due to the increasingly stricter regulation on their emission. We have developed a 2.45GHz microwave plasma torch with reverse vortex reactor (RVR). In order to design a reverse vortex plasma reactor, we calculated a volume fraction and temperature distribution of discharge gas and waste gas in RVR by ANSYS CFX of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation code. Abatement experiments have been performed with respect to SF6, NF3 by varying plasma power and N2 flow rates, and FCs concentration. Detailed experiments were conducted on the abatement of NF3 and SF6 in terms of destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The DRE of 99.9% for NF3 was achieved without an additive gas at the N2 flow rate of 150 liter per minute (L/min) by applying a microwave power of 6kW with RVR. Also, a DRE of SF6 was 99.99% at the N2 flow rate of 60 L/min using an applied microwave power of 6kW. The performance of reverse vortex reactor increased about 43% of NF3 and 29% of SF6 abatements results definition by decomposition energy per liter more than conventional vortex reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, 814-2 Oxikdo-dong, Gunsan-city, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - C H Cho
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, 814-2 Oxikdo-dong, Gunsan-city, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - D H Shin
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, 814-2 Oxikdo-dong, Gunsan-city, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Y C Hong
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, 814-2 Oxikdo-dong, Gunsan-city, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea.
| | - Y W Shin
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, 814-2 Oxikdo-dong, Gunsan-city, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea; School of Advanced Green Energy and Environments, Handong Global University, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
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17
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Cho CH, Yu J, Zhang L, Wu WKK. The role of cathelicidin in control of Helicobacter pylori colonisation in the stomach. Hong Kong Med J 2015; 21 Suppl 4:17-19. [PMID: 26157097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C H Cho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - J Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - L Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - W K K Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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18
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Cho CH, Hsu L, Ferrone ML, Leonard DA, Harris MB, Zamani AA, Bono CM. Validation of multisociety combined task force definitions of abnormal disk morphology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1008-13. [PMID: 25742982 PMCID: PMC7990579 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The multisociety task force descriptively defined abnormal lumbar disk morphology. We aimed to use their definitions to provide a higher level of evidence for the validation of MR imaging in the evaluation of this pathology in patients who have undergone diskectomy by retrospectively classifying their preoperative MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective, institutional review board-approved study included 54 of 86 consecutive patients (47 men; average age, 44 years) enrolled in an ongoing prospective trial of surgically treated lumbar disk herniation who had preoperative MRI and documented intraoperative classification of the abnormal disk as protrusion, extrusion, or sequestration by the treating surgeon. Preoperative MRI was classified by 2 blinded radiologists; discrepancies were resolved by a third reader. Statistical analysis of interobserver agreement and imaging compared with surgical findings was performed. RESULTS The readers disagreed on only 1 of the 54 cases. The third reader resolved the disagreement. Eight protrusions and 46 extrusions were found on imaging, with no sequestrations. At surgery, there were 13 protrusions and 40 extrusions, with 2 of the extrusions also containing sequestrations; the remaining case had only sequestration. There were 16 discrepancies between imaging and surgery, resulting in 70% agreement. CONCLUSIONS This study, which was intended to validate the multisociety combined task force definitions of abnormal disk morphology by using MR imaging with a surgical criterion standard, found 70% agreement between imaging diagnosis and surgical findings. Although reasonable, this finding highlights differences that often exist between intraoperative and preoperative imaging findings of lumbar disk herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Cho
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.H.C., L.H., A.A.Z.)
| | - L Hsu
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.H.C., L.H., A.A.Z.)
| | - M L Ferrone
- Orthopedic Surgery (M.L.F., D.A.L., M.B.H., C.M.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D A Leonard
- Orthopedic Surgery (M.L.F., D.A.L., M.B.H., C.M.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M B Harris
- Orthopedic Surgery (M.L.F., D.A.L., M.B.H., C.M.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A A Zamani
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.H.C., L.H., A.A.Z.)
| | - C M Bono
- Orthopedic Surgery (M.L.F., D.A.L., M.B.H., C.M.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Park NS, Cho CH, Heo JM, Song M, Yang BM, Lee HS, Lee SK. Effects of dietary Forsythia suspensa on feed utilization, rumen fermentation, and immune response of Korean native goats (Capra hircus). REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2015. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v28n2a05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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20
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Kwon S, Cho CH, Lee ES, Park JK. Automated Measurement of Multiple Cancer Biomarkers Using Quantum-Dot-Based Microfluidic Immunohistochemistry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4177-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyong Kwon
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Cho
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Research
Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro,
Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kim EA, Cho CH, Kim DW, Choi SY, Huh JW, Cho SW. Antioxidative effects of ethyl 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)ureido)acetate against amyloid β-induced oxidative cell death via NF-κB, GSK-3β and β-catenin signaling pathways in cultured cortical neurons. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:411-21. [PMID: 25747393 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1007048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)ureido)acetate (KHG21834) attenuates amyloid beta(Aβ)25-35-induced apoptotic death and shows anti-inflammatory activity against Aβ25-35-induced microglial activation. However, antioxidative effects of KHG21834 against Aβ-induced oxidative stress have not yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative function of KHG21834 in primary cultured cortical neurons, to expand the potential therapeutic efficacy of KHG21834. Pretreatment with KHG21834 protected against Aβ-induced neuronal cell death and mitochondrial damage, and significantly restored GSH levels and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and also suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and protein oxidation. These results imply that KHG21834 may play a role in cellular defense mechanisms against Aβ-induced oxidative stress in cultured cortical neurons. Furthermore, KHG21834 significantly attenuated the effects of Aβ treatment on levels of NF-κB, β-catenin, and GSK-3β proteins in cortical neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that the antioxidant effects of KHG21834 may result at least in part from its ability to regulate the NF-κB, β-catenin, and GSK-3β signaling pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that KHG21834 significantly attenuates Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress in primary cortical neurons, and provides novel insights into KHG21834 as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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22
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Wu WKK, Sung JJY, Cheng ASL, Chan FKL, Ng SSM, To KF, Wang XJ, Zhang L, Wong SH, Yu J, Cho CH. The Janus face of cathelicidin in tumorigenesis. Curr Med Chem 2015; 21:2392-400. [PMID: 24524763 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666140205135351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidin is a host defense peptide with multiple innate immunity-related functions. Recent findings indicate that cathelicidin is frequently dysregulated in human cancers where it plays a paradoxical yet dominant role in the regulation of tumor malignancy. In this review, the regulation of malignant phenotypes by cathelicidin in relation to the activation of its receptors and intracellular signaling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C H Cho
- Room 707, LKS Medical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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23
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Jang JW, Cho CH, Kim JY, Koh YE, Woo MK, Kim KA, Yoon SY, Lim MS, Han ET, An S SA, Lim CS. Rapid genotyping of Plasmodium vivax Pvs25 and Pv38 genes by using mismatch specific endonuclease. Trop Biomed 2014; 31:600-606. [PMID: 25776585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mismatch specific endonuclease (MSE) method was used to detect natural polymorphisms in Pvs25 and Pv38 genes of Plasmodium vivax. Eighty seven patients with P. vivax were recruited in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Pvs25 and Pv38 genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the PCR amplicons were mixed with reference DNA sequences. Following the denaturation and gradual annealing, the product mixtures were cleaved by the MSE. Heteroduplex types were readily detected by gel electrophoresis, where extra bands with shorter sizes would appear from the cleavage. After MSE cleavage of 657- bp product from Pvs25 mixtures, three genotypes were detected, while Pv38 mixtures with 1220-bp products presented two genotypes in ROK isolates. After the MSE cleavage, the mismatched samples of Pvs25 and Pv38 were completely sequenced, and the results were in complete agreement with the MSE analyses. In conclusion, genotyping of Pvs25 and Pv38 with MSE cleavage could be a potential method for the high-throughput screening of the large field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C H Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y E Koh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M K Woo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K A Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Lim
- BioMedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E T Han
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S A An S
- College of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Kyungwon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - C S Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Huh JY, Kim K, Cho CH, Kim YJ, Hong YC. Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Plasma Discharge in Solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1166/mat.2014.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li LF, Chan RLY, Lu L, Shen J, Zhang L, Wu WKK, Wang L, Hu T, Li MX, Cho CH. Cigarette smoking and gastrointestinal diseases: the causal relationship and underlying molecular mechanisms (review). Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:372-80. [PMID: 24859303 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including peptic ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease and cancer. In this review, the relationship between smoking and GI disorders and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. It has been demonstrated that cigarette smoking is positively associated with the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers and the delay of ulcer healing. Mechanistic studies have shown that cigarette smoke and its active ingredients can cause mucosal cell death, inhibit cell renewal, decrease blood flow in the GI mucosa and interfere with the mucosal immune system. Cigarette smoking is also an independent risk factor for various types of cancer of the GI tract. In this review, we also summarize the mechanisms through which cigarette smoking induces tumorigenesis and promotes the development of cancer in various sections of the GI tract. These mechanisms include the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, the formation of DNA adducts, the stimulation of tumor angiogenesis and the modulation of immune responses in the GI mucosa. A full understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms may help us to develop more effective therapies for GI disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - R L Y Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - L Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - J Shen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - L Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - W K K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - L Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - T Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - M X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - C H Cho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
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Lu L, Chan RLY, Luo XM, Wu WKK, Shin VY, Cho CH. Animal models of gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer. Life Sci 2014; 108:1-6. [PMID: 24825611 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and cancer are the two major disorders in the gastrointestinal tract. They are causally related in their pathogenesis. It is important to study animal models' causal relationship and, in particular, to discover new therapeutic agents for such diseases. There are several criteria for these models in order to make them useful in better understanding the etiology and treatment of the said diseases in humans. In this regard, animal models should be similar as possible to human diseases and also be easy to produce and reproducible and also economic to allow a continuous replication in different laboratories. In this review, we summarize the various animal models for inflammatory and cancerous disorders in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Experimental approaches are as simple as by giving a single oral dose of alcohol or other noxious agents or by injections of multiple dosages of ulcer inducing agents or by parenteral administration or in drinking water of carcinogens or by modifying the genetic makeups of animals to produce relatively long-term pathological changes in particular organs. With these methods they could induce consistent inflammatory responses or tumorigenesis in the gastrointestinal mucosa. These animal models are widely used in laboratories in understanding the pathogenesis as well as the mechanisms of action for therapeutic agents in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruby L Y Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - X M Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vivian Y Shin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C H Cho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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27
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Cho CH, Yang HC, Aum JH, Kim YW, Hyoung Lee J. Preservation of Post Operative Bone Conduction Hearing after Labyrinthine Fistula Repair in Chronic Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma: A Review of 23 Cases. J Int Adv Otol 2014. [DOI: 10.5152/iao.2014.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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28
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Wang L, Yeung JHK, Hu T, Lee WY, Lu L, Zhang L, Shen J, Chan RLY, Wu WKK, Cho CH. Dihydrotanshinone induces p53-independent but ROS-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Life Sci 2013; 93:344-51. [PMID: 23871989 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The therapeutic potential of various tanshinones was examined and compared for their anti-cancer activities on colon cancer cells. The role of ROS generation in the pro-apoptotic activity of dihydrotanshinone (DHTS) was further studied. MAIN METHODS Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis and poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) cleavage were respectively measured by flow cytometer and Western blot. Changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) and total ROS were determined by confocal system under an inverted microscope. KEY FINDINGS Among the different tanshinones examined, DHTS produced the most potent anti-cancer effect. DHTS induced a selective cytotoxicity and apoptosis in both HCT116 p53(-/-) and HCT116 p53(+/+) colon cancer cells. A time- and concentration-dependent PARP cleavage further confirmed the apoptotic activity. In this regard, it was found DHTS provoked mitochondrial dysfunction in the early stage by decreasing MMP and mitoROS levels. This was followed by a time-dependent increase in intracellular ROS generation. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or catalase-PEG, the free radical scavengers, reduced apoptotic cell death. From these findings, it seems that leakage of ROS from mitochondria into cytosol by DHTS represents the major contributory factor leading to cell death in colon cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE We report for the first time that DHTS induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells through a p53-independent pathway. Disturbance of ROS generation at the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex in mitochondria followed by the decrease of MMP and increase of intracellular ROS accumulation are suggested to be involved in the pro-apoptotic activity of DHTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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Cho CH, Jung BS, Jung JH, Lee JH, Lee JH. Expression of Autoantibodies in Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2013; 122:131-4. [DOI: 10.1177/000348941312200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the expression rate of autoimmunity in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and to determine whether a positive marker is associated with a higher rate of hearing recovery after steroid treatment. Methods: A prospective study was performed on 137 patients who experienced sudden sensorineural hearing loss and underwent immunoserologic investigations. Autoantibodies evaluated on the day of admission included anti-double-stranded DNA, rheumatoid factor, antiphospholipid immunoglobulins G and M, antinuclear antibody, and complements C3 and C4. Results: Of 137 patients, 75 were male and 62 were female (mean age, 45.1 years). Hearing loss was found on the left side in 61 patients and on the right side in 76 patients. Elevation of at least 1 autoantibody or abnormal complement levels were found in 80 patients (58%), and abnormalities of 2 or more antibodies were found in 28 (20%). There were no statistically significant correlations between autoantibody abnormalities and age, initial hearing level, or positive treatment response. Conclusions: There is no clear evidence of a correlation between autoimmunity and hearing improvement in patients with autoantibody abnormalities. A high (but not significant) expression rate of autoantibody abnormality and complement level was seen in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
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Byun SJ, Kim JH, Kim OB, Oh YK, Cho CH. A comparison of outcomes between concurrent chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy alone in cancer of the uterine cervix: a single institutional experience. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2013; 34:402-408. [PMID: 24475572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare failure patterns and evaluate prognostic factors related to survival rates after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or radiotherapy (RT) alone in cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 1996 to December 2006, 218 patients with cervical cancer (FIGO Stage IB2 - III) treated with CCRT or RT alone as primary treatments were included, retrospectively. One-hundred eight patients were treated with CCRT and 110 with RT alone. RESULTS There was no significant difference in failure patterns between the treatment groups, but distant metastasis was the predominant pattern in both groups. The frequent metastatic sites were supraclavicular lymph node, lung, and brain. Treatment group, diabetes, and FIGO Stage were found to be significant for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), and initial hemoglobin level for DFS. CONCLUSION Distant metastasis is the predominant failure pattern and diabetes is one of the independent prognostic factors to survival rates in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Byun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - O B Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Y K Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - C H Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Zhang L, Yu J, Wong CCM, Ling TKW, Li ZJ, Chan KM, Ren SX, Shen J, Chan RLY, Lee CC, Li MSM, Cheng ASL, To KF, Gallo RL, Sung JJY, Wu WKK, Cho CH. Cathelicidin protects against Helicobacter pylori colonization and the associated gastritis in mice. Gene Ther 2012; 20:751-60. [PMID: 23254369 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide of the innate immune system, has been shown to modulate microbial growth, wound healing and inflammation. However, whether cathelicidin controls Helicobacter pylori infection in vivo remains unexplored. This study sought to elucidate the role of endogenous and exogenous mouse cathelicidin (CRAMP) in the protection against H. pylori infection and the associated gastritis in mice. Results showed that genetic ablation of CRAMP in mice significantly increased the susceptibility of H. pylori colonization and the associated gastritis as compared with the wild-type control. Furthermore, replenishment with exogenous CRAMP, delivered via a bioengineered CRAMP-secreting strain of Lactococcus lactis, reduced H. pylori density in the stomach as well as the associated inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine production. Collectively, these findings indicate that cathelicidin protects against H. pylori infection and its associated gastritis in vivo. Our study also demonstrates the feasibility of using the transformed food-grade bacteria to deliver cathelicidin, which may have potential clinical applications in the treatment of H. pylori infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Shen J, Cho CH. Editorial: miRNA in the pathogenesis and therapy for gastrointestinal and hepatic cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 19:1179. [PMID: 23092350 DOI: 10.2174/138161213804805685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Or PMY, Lam FFY, Kwan YW, Cho CH, Lau CP, Yu H, Lin G, Lau CBS, Fung KP, Leung PC, Yeung JHK. Effects of Radix Astragali and Radix Rehmanniae, the components of an anti-diabetic foot ulcer herbal formula, on metabolism of model CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 probe substrates in pooled human liver microsomes and specific CYP isoforms. Phytomedicine 2012; 19:535-544. [PMID: 22261394 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Rehmanniae (RR), the major components of an anti-diabetic foot ulcer herbal formula (NF3), on the metabolism of model probe substrates of human CYP isoforms, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4, which are important in the metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics. The effects of RA or RR on human CYP1A2 (phenacetin O-deethylase), CYP2C9 (tolbutamide 4-hydroxylase), CYP2D6 (dextromethorphan O-demethylase), CYP2E1 (chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylase) and CYP3A4 (testosterone 6β-hydroxylase) activities were investigated using pooled human liver microsomes. NF3 competitively inhibited activities of CYP2C9 (IC(50)=0.98mg/ml) and CYP3A4 (IC(50)=0.76mg/ml), with K(i) of 0.67 and 1.0mg/ml, respectively. With specific human CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 isoforms, NF3 competitively inhibited activities of CYP2C9 (IC(50)=0.86mg/ml) and CYP3A4 (IC(50)=0.88mg/ml), with K(i) of 0.57 and 1.6mg/ml, respectively. Studies on RA or RR individually showed that RR was more important in the metabolic interaction with the model CYP probe substrates. RR dose-dependently inhibited the testosterone 6β-hydroxylation (K(i)=0.33mg/ml) while RA showed only minimal metabolic interaction potential with the model CYP probe substrates studied. This study showed that RR and the NF3 formula are metabolized mainly by CYP2C9 and/or CYP3A4, but weakly by CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1. The relatively high K(i) values of NF3 (for CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 metabolism) and RR (for CYP3A4 metabolism) would suggest a low potential for NF3 to cause herb-drug interaction involving these CYP isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope M Y Or
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jin YS, Lim SW, Cho CH, Kim JS, Kim YB, Lee SH, Roh Y. High voltage ultrawide band pulse generator using Blumlein pulse forming line. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:044704. [PMID: 22559562 DOI: 10.1063/1.3703307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A high voltage ultrawide band pulse generation system has been developed to radiate intense and ultrawide band electric fields for the examination of effects of the electric fields on the operation of electronic devices. As major components of the system, a helical strip∕wire type of air-cored pulse transformer and a triaxial type of Blumlein pulse forming line have been designed and fabricated to amplify and shape the output pulse, respectively. For the construction of a compact system, the pulse transformer and the Blumlein line are installed in a single cylindrical container. An ultrawide band TEM horn antenna has been fabricated to radiate the Blumlein output pulses to electronic devices. A number of experimental results demonstrate that the system is capable of providing an output pulse whose voltage is greater than 300 kV, pulse duration is ~5 ns, and rise time is ~500 ps with repetition rate of 10 Hz. The peak-to-peak value of electric field intensity of a radiated pulse is also measured to be approximately 42 kV/m at a distance of 10 m away from the antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Jin
- Industry Application Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), 70 Boolmosangil, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-120, South Korea
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Tai EKK, Wu WKK, Wang XJ, Wong HPS, Yu L, Li ZJ, Lee CW, Wong CCM, Yu J, Sung JJY, Gallo RL, Cho CH. Intrarectal administration of mCRAMP-encoding plasmid reverses exacerbated colitis in Cnlp(-/-) mice. Gene Ther 2012; 20:187-93. [PMID: 22378344 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidin is a pleiotropic host defense peptide secreted by epithelial and immune cells. Whether endogenous cathelicidin is protective against ulcerative colitis, however, is unclear. Here we sought to delineate the role of endogenous murine cathelicidin (mCRAMP) and the therapeutic efficacy of intrarectal administration of mCRAMP-encoding plasmid in ulcerative colitis using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-challenged cathelicidin-knockout (Cnlp(-/-)) mice as a model. Cnlp(-/-) mice had more severe symptoms and mucosal disruption than the wild-type mice in response to DSS challenge. The tissue levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, myeloperoxidase activity and the number of apoptotic cells were increased in the colon of DSS-challenged Cnlp(-/-) mice. Moreover, mucus secretion and mucin gene expression were impaired in Cnlp(-/-) mice. All these abnormalities were reversed by the intrarectal administration of mCRAMP or mCRAMP-encoding plasmid. Taken together, endogenous cathelicidin may protect against ulcerative colitis through modulation of inflammation and mucus secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K K Tai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ren JW, Chan KM, Lai PKK, Lau CBS, Yu H, Leung PC, Fung KP, Yu WFX, Cho CH. Extracts from Radix Astragali and Radix Rehmanniae promote keratinocyte proliferation by regulating expression of growth factor receptors. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1547-54. [PMID: 22359405 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine has long been used as a treatment for wounds. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study it was shown that the proliferation of keratinocytes, which is known to play an important role in wound healing as the major cell type in the epidermis, was promoted by three herbal extracts/natural compounds: NF3 (an extract from the mixture of Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Rehmanniae (RR) in the ratio of 2:1), stachyose (an isolated compound from Radix Rehmanniae) and extract P2-2 (a sub-fraction from the extract of Radix Astragali). The effect of the herbal extracts/natural compounds on the growth of keratinocytes was not influenced by a high glucose level, a condition similar to diabetic patients who usually suffer from diabetic foot ulcers. Real time RT-PCR results showed that the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, but not transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor, was up-regulated by NF3. Moreover, treatments with the EGF receptor kinase inhibitor AG1478 and the MEK inhibitor U0126 resulted in the diminishment of the effect of the three herbal extracts/natural compounds on keratinocyte proliferation, indicating that EGF receptor might have a significant role in this action. This study has further elucidated the molecular mechanism under which herbal extracts/natural compounds exert their effects on the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ren
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
Autophagy, hallmarked by the formation of double-membrane bound organelles known as autophagosomes, is a lysosome-dependent pathway for protein degradation. The role of autophagy in carcinogenesis is context dependent. As a tumor-suppressing mechanism in early-stage carcinogenesis, autophagy inhibits inflammation and promotes genomic stability. Moreover, disruption of autophagy-related genes accelerates tumorigenesis in animals. However, autophagy may also act as a pro-survival mechanism to protect cancer cells from various forms of cellular stress. In cancer therapy, adaptive autophagy in cancer cells sustains tumor growth and survival in face of the toxicity of cancer therapy. To this end, inhibition of autophagy may sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Nevertheless, in certain circumstances, autophagy mediates the therapeutic effects of some anticancer agents. Data from recent studies are beginning to unveil the apparently paradoxical nature of autophagy as a cell-fate decision machinery. Taken together, modulation of autophagy is a novel approach for enhancing the efficacy of existing cancer therapy, but its Janus-faced nature may complicate the clinical development of autophagy modulators as anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
Adaptive cytoprotection is a concept to counteract against the gastric mucosal injury caused by stress, strong irritants and drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The process is mediated through diverse mediators and mechanisms. Studies on adaptive cytoprotection began from the discovery of prostaglandin (PG)-dependent and PG-independent pathways, followed by the investigation on the types and concentrations of mild irritants to be used. Upon the confirmation on the importance of the vagus nerve and the vago-vagal pathway in regulating the mucosal protective actions of the mild irritants, individual participating mediators for the neuronal modulatory processes were explored, including peptide neurotransmitters such as calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P. Further correlation with the sympathetic nervous system, the sensory afferent neurons and the enteric nervous system of the gastric mucosa had been made. A close working relationship between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous system was then proposed, with concurrent regulation of PG, nitric oxide and sensory neuropeptides by different mild irritants. Apart from these conventional concepts, there are now contemporary ideas on newer forms of adaptive cytoprotection such as ischemic preconditioning and heat-shock proteins, which will cast new light to novel approaches in facilitating gastric mucosal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K S Ko
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Wang H, Cho CH. Effect of NF-κB signaling on apoptosis in chronic inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2011; 10:593-9. [PMID: 20482486 DOI: 10.2174/156800910791859425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The causal relationship between inflammation and cancer has been documented for sometime, but its molecular nature remains ill defined. Increasing evidence suggested that inflammatory microenvironment in and around tumors is an indispensable participant in the neoplastic process. High level of free radicals produced during inflammation significantly induces DNA damage while evading apoptosis, a hallmark of cancer, reduces the capability of tissues to eliminate damaged cells. Therefore, the mechanism by which inflammation affects the apoptosis pathway is crucial to understand inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcriptional factor, plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory responses. NF-κB signaling, which can be activated by diverse stimuli including proinflammatory cytokines, infectious agents and cellular stresses, has been shown to involve in carcinogenesis and resistance to multiple drug therapy. In this review, we focus on the role of NF-κB signaling on the apoptotic effect in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. These insights may help us to consider the role of NF-κB in inflammation and cancer and further on as a target of drugs for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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Abstract
Abstract
The effects of zinc l-carnosine on the damaging actions of ethanol were examined in rabbit isolated gastric glands. Ethanol (8%, v/v) incubation produced a 50% viability of the gland populations and released a significant amount (38%) of the total lactate dehydrogenase (an index of membrane injury) of the glands. Zinc l-carnosine pre-incubation for 15 min markedly prevented these actions of ethanol; however, l-carnosine by itself did not have these effects. These findings indicate that zinc ion but not carnosine in the zinc l-carnosine molecule possesses cytoprotective action against ethanol-induced gastric gland damage in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong
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Abstract
Abstract
The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on gastric function and on lesion formation, evoked by topical applications of absolute ethanol to an ex-vivo stomach chamber preparation have been examined. Parenteral injection (i.p. or s.c.) of PEG with different molecular weights (PEG 300, 400 or 4000), dose-dependently reduced the gastric mucosal blood flow and volume of gastric secretion; these effects were greater in rats given PEG by the i.p. route, which also lowered acid output. Topical application of 1·5 mL absolute ethanol produced severe gastric mucosal injury, which was exacerbated by PEG; this lesion-aggravating effect was higher in the i.p.-injected groups. These findings indicate that when PEG is given by injection, it can adversely affect gastric function and increase the damaging action of alcohol. It is suggested that the use of PEG as a vehicle for injection should be re-assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong
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Lee BH, Hwang HJ, Cho CH, Lim SK, Lee SY, Hwang H. Nano-electromechanical switch-CMOS hybrid technology and its applications. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:256-261. [PMID: 21446436 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Si-based CMOS technology is facing a serious challenge in terms of power consumption and variability. The increasing costs associated with physical scaling have motivated a search for alternative approaches. Hybridization of nano-electromechanical (NEM)-switch and Si-based CMOS devices has shown a theoretical feasibility for power management, but a huge technical gap must be bridged before a nanoscale NEM switch can be realized due to insufficient material development and the limited understanding of its reliability characteristics. These authors propose the use of a multilayer graphene as a nanoscale cantilever material for a nanoscale NEM switchwith dimensions comparable to those of the state-of-the-art Si-based CMOS devices. The optimal thickness for the multilayer graphene (about five layers) is suggested based on an analytical model. Multilayer graphene can provide the highest Young's modulus among the known electrode materials and a yielding strength that allows more than 15% bending. Further research on material screening and device integration is needed, however, to realize the promises of the hybridization of NEM-switch and Si-based CMOS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Lee
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong 1, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea 500-712
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Olaleye SB, Ige SF, Onasanwo SA, Cho CH. Inhibition of acute experimental colitis by a crude extract and diets containing seeds of Garcinia kola (heckel). Afr J Med Med Sci 2010; 39 Suppl:95-102. [PMID: 22416650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of Garcinia kola (GK) crude extract on acetic acid induced colitis in rats was investigated. Colitis, a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by inflammation of colon. The pathology in colitis includes disruption of crypt architecture, inflammation of crypts, frank crypt abscesses, and hemorrhage or inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. Since oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology of Inflammatory Bowel diseases,and Garcinia kola (GK), have been shown to reduce oxidative stress in the rat stomach.The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Garcinia kola on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by acetic acid. Albino rats were divided into five groups; Group one served as control, group two received Normal saline, group three received 2.5% ethanol while groups four and five were given 20mg/kg and 100mg/kg of crude extract of Garcinia kolarespectively. In another experiment, rats were fed for 2 weeks on normal rat diets but specially composed to contain 12.5%, 25% and 50% by weight of G kola. Colitis was induced by intra-rectal administration of 6% acetic acid. The colonic damage was elucidated by macroscopic damage scores; colon wet weight, stool consistency and colonic edema (thickness of the colon). Intra-luminal administration of 6% acetic acid resulted in observable clinical and macroscopic signs of colitis.Pre-orally administered of crude extract of GK significantly reduced the colonic damage score (p<0.001), colon weight (p<0.001), thickness of the colon (p<0.001) and diarrhea (p<0.001).Histological examinations also indicated a marked reduction in tissue injury and inhibition in neutrophil infiltration in rats pretreated with crude extract of Garcinia kola. Results of this investigation provide experimental evidence of Garcinia kola as an anti-colitis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Olaleye
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Olaleye SB, Onasanwo SA, Ige AO, Wu KK, Cho CH. Anti-inflammatory activities of a kolaviron-inhibition of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in activated macrophage-like cell line. Afr J Med Med Sci 2010; 39 Suppl:41-46. [PMID: 22416643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid fraction from the seeds of Garcinia kola has been shown to posess antiinflammatory properties in animal models of inflammation. In this study, the effect of KV on carrageenan-induced paw edema was investigated in mice. Furthermore, the effects of KV on the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators- nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were examined in an activated macrophage-like cell lines, RAW 264.7 cells. Administration of KV prior to injection of carrageenan significantly reduced the paw inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. KV consistently inhibited in-vitro production of NO and secretion of TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, KV reduced the production of PGE2 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Viability of cells at all concentrations studied was unaffected as determined MTT [3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] cytotoxicity assay. These results suggest that KV has inhibitory effects on LPS-induced TNF-alpha, NO and PGE2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Olaleye
- Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Olaleye SB, Wu KKK, Cho CH. Catecholamines inhibit gastric epithelial [RGM-1] cell proliferation via β adrenoceptors. Niger J Physiol Sci 2010; 25:5-16. [PMID: 22314897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines have been implicated in the modulation of normal cell growth, exerting inhibitory or excitatory control depending on the cell type. However, there is a dearth of information on the role of adrenergic mediators in gastric cell proliferation. In the present study, the effects of adrenaline (ADR) and noradrenaline (NOR) on mucosal cell growth and the cell cycle were evaluated in vitro using a normal rat gastric mucosal cell line RGM-1. Cell proliferation was assessed using [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell cycle patterns were determined by DNA labeling with propidium iodide and flow cytometric quantification. The expressions of adrenoceptors in RGM-1 were determined by Western blot. ADR (0.01 - 10µM) and NOR (0.01 - 10µM) inhibited the growth of RGM-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Pre-treatment of cells with ADR and NOR also inhibited the proliferation stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Neither phentolamine (non-selective α-adrenergic blocker), methoxamine (α1-selective agonist) nor clonidine (α2-selective agonist) significantly affected the inhibition of cell proliferation produced by ADR and NOR. Propranolol (non-selective β-adrenergic blocker) and butoxamine (selective β2-adrenergic blocker) significantly (but not totally) reversed the inhibitory action of ADR on cell proliferation. Furthermore, procaterol (selective beta-2 agonist) but not dobutamine (selective beta-1 agonist) had effects similar to those produced by ADR and NOR. Exposure of RGM-1 cells to both ADR and NOR caused significant inhibition of the G1 - S cycle progression as evidenced by the higher percentage of the G0/G1 phase and a decreased S- phase. This effect was blocked by pre-treatment with propranolol but not phentolamine These results indicate that catecholamines inhibit the proliferation of RGM-1 cells probably partly through beta-2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Olaleye
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan. Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic alteration of protein-coding proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Recent discoveries have shed new light on the involvement of a class of noncoding RNA known as microRNA (miRNA) in gastric cancer. A substantial number of miRNAs show differential expression in gastric cancer tissues. Genes coding for these miRNAs have been characterized as novel proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes based on findings that these miRNAs control malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells. In this connection, miRNA dysregulation promotes cell-cycle progression, confers resistance to apoptosis, and enhances invasiveness and metastasis. Moreover, certain polymorphisms in miRNA genes are associated with increased risks for atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer, whereas circulating levels of miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Several miRNAs have also been shown to correlate with gastric cancer progression, and thus may be used as prognostic markers. Elucidating the biological aspects of miRNA dysregulation may help us better understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and promote the development of miRNA-directed therapeutics against this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K K Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Chan KH, Ho SP, Yeung SC, So WHL, Cho CH, Koo MWL, Lam WK, Ip MSM, Man RYK, Mak JCW. Chinese green tea ameliorates lung injury in cigarette smoke-exposed rats. Respir Med 2009; 103:1746-54. [PMID: 19487113 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which has been shown to have potent antioxidant effect, comprises 80% of catechins in Chinese green tea. This study was to investigate whether cigarette smoke (CS) exposure would induce lung morphological changes and oxidative stress in the CS-exposed rat model, and whether Chinese green tea (Lung Chen tea with EGCG as its main active ingredient) consumption would alter oxidative stress in sera and lung leading to protection of CS-induced lung damage. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e. sham air (SA), 4% CS, 2% Lung Chen tea plus SA or 4% CS. Exposure to SA or 4% CS was performed for 1h/day for 56 days in ventilated smoking chambers. Sera and lung tissues were collected 24h after last CS exposure for histology and all biochemical assays. RESULTS Airspace enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia were observed after 56-day CS exposure alone, which were abolished in the presence of green tea consumption. Serum 8-isoprostane level was significantly elevated (p<0.01) as well as lung superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in CS-exposed rats compared to SA-exposed rats (p<0.05), which returned to the levels of SA-exposed rats after Chinese green tea consumption. CONCLUSION These results indicate that increased levels of systemic oxidative stress after CS exposure play an important role in the induction of lung damage. Chinese green tea may have the ability to suppress CS-induced oxidative stress that leads to protection of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka H Chan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Rho BS, Hwang SH, Lim JW, Kim GW, Cho CH, Lee WJ. Intra-system optical interconnection module directly integrated on a polymeric optical waveguide. Opt Express 2009; 17:1215-1221. [PMID: 19188948 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new intra-system optical interconnection module directly integrated on a polymeric optical waveguide is suggested. A polymeric optical waveguide plays a role in the propagation path of optical signals from the transmitter to the receiver and in a platform integrated with various optical/electrical devices such as a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, photodiode, very large scale integrated circuit chips, and electrical connectors. Because the polymeric optical waveguide is simultaneously used as an integrated platform, the fabrication process of the optical interconnection module is very simple, and the proposed process is compatible with the conventional printed circuit board process. The suggested optical interconnection was also successfully demonstrated with a 5-Gb/s data transmission through the module directly integrated on a polymeric optical waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Rho
- Integrated Optical Module Laboratory, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, Gwangju 500-460, Korea
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Tai EKK, Wong HPS, Lam EKY, Wu WKK, Yu L, Koo MWL, Cho CH. Cathelicidin stimulates colonic mucus synthesis by up-regulating MUC1 and MUC2 expression through a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:251-8. [PMID: 18059019 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mucus forms the physical barrier along the gastrointestinal tract. It plays an important role to prevent mucosal damage and inflammation. Our animal study showed that antibacterial peptide 'cathelicidin' increased mucus thickness and prevented inflammation in the colon. In the current study, we examined the direct effect and mechanisms by which the peptide increased mucus synthesis in a human colonic cell line (HT-29). Human cathelicidin (LL-37) dose-dependently (10-40 microg/ml) and significantly stimulated mucus synthesis by increasing the D-[6-(3)H] glucosamine incorporation in the cells. Real-time PCR data showed that addition of LL-37 induced more than 50% increase in MUC1 and MUC2 mRNA levels. Treatment with MUC1 and MUC2 siRNAs normalized the stimulatory action of LL-37 on mucus synthesis. LL-37 also activated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in the cells. A specific inhibitor of the MAP kinase pathway, U0126, completely blocked the increase of MUC1 and MUC2 expression as well as mucus synthesis by LL-37. Taken together, LL-37 can directly stimulate mucus synthesis through activation of MUC1 and MUC2 expression and MAP kinase pathway in human colonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K K Tai
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Li P, Zhang ST, Yu ZL, Wu YD, Liu X, Xu CM, Cho CH. Effects of cyclooxygenase-2 non-selective and selective inhibitors on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Dis Esophagus 2008; 22:21-31. [PMID: 18564172 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2008.00836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of aspirin and nimesulide on cell proliferation, apoptosis and its potential mechanisms in EC9706 and EC109 esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. EC9706 and EC109 cells were incubated with varying concentrations of aspirin and nimesulide, and the effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis were monitored by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays were used to investigate expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Prostaglandin E2 production was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Pretreatment with aspirin and nimesulide inhibited EC9706 and EC109 cell growth in a time and dose-dependent manner, accompanied with a decrease of prostaglandin E2 production. In EC9706 cells, the mechanism of aspirin and nimesulide induced growth inhibition was a consequence of cell cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) check point. In EC109 cells, growth arrest was by induction of apoptosis, associated with downregulation of Bcl-2, but not Bax. In conclusion, aspirin and nimesulide could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor may be a promising therapeutic agent for human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
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