1
|
Mu PY, Chu CC, Yu D, Shao Y, Zhao SZ. PPARγ: the dominant regulator among PPARs in dry eye lacrimal gland and diabetic lacrimal gland. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:860-869. [PMID: 32566495 PMCID: PMC7270247 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.06.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the regulatory roles of the members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family in lacrimal gland dysfunction under conditions of desiccating stress or diabetes. METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to examine the expression of PPARs in the cornea, conjunctiva, meibomian gland, and lacrimal gland in adult rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups: a control group, dry eye group, and diabetic group. The phenol red threads test, tear film break-up time (BUT) test and fluorescein staining were carried out to evaluate the development of dry eye. Based on bioinformatics research, qPCR was used to examine the expression level of PPARγ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the lacrimal glands. RESULTS PPARα and PPARβ/δ were mainly expressed in the conjunctiva and the lacrimal gland, respectively. However, PPARγ was expressed in both the conjunctiva and lacrimal gland, at much higher levels than those measured for PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Dry eye rats and diabetic rats both showed decreased tear secretion, shortened BUT, and increased corneal staining. Significant changes in gene expression were observed compared with the control group. In the lacrimal glands of dry eye rats and diabetic rats, expression of PPARγ decreased (P<0.05), expression of Sirt1 also decreased (P<0.01), whereas expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MyD88, and TGF-β increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Among PPARs, PPARγ might play a dominant role in the regulation of metabolic- and inflammatory-signaling pathways on the ocular surfaces and in lacrimal glands. Down-regulation of PPARγ is highly relevant to lacrimal gland dysfunction under desiccating-stress and diabetic conditions. PPARγ, thus, is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of environment- or diabetes-induced dry eye diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yue Mu
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chen-Chen Chu
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Di Yu
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shao-Zhen Zhao
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chu CC, Zhao SZ. Pathophysiological Role and Drug Modulation of Calcium Transport in Ocular Surface Cells. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:5078-5091. [PMID: 31237195 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190619114848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ocular surface structure and extraocular accessory organs constitute the ocular surface system, which includes the cornea, conjunctiva, eyelids, lacrimal organs, and lacrimal passages. This system is composed of, and stabilized by, the corneal epithelium, conjunctival cells, conjunctival goblet cells, lacrimal acinar cells and Tenon's fibroblasts, all of which maintain the healthy eyeball surface system. Ocular surface diseases are commonly referred to corneal and conjunctival disease and external ocular disease, resulting from damage to the ocular surface structure. A growing body of evidence has indicated that abnormal activation of the KCa3.1 channel and Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent kinase initiates ocular injury. Signaling pathways downstream of the irregular Ca2+ influx induce cell progression and migration, and impair tight junctions, epithelial transport and secretory function. In this overview, we summarize the current knowledge regarding ocular surface disease in terms of physical and pathological alteration of the ocular system. We dissect in-depth, the mechanisms underlying disease progression, and we describe the current calcium transport therapeutics and the obstacles that remain to be solved. Finally, we summarize how to integrate the research results into clinical practice in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Chu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Shao-Zhen Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kan WC, Wang JJ, Sun YM, Hung CY, Chu CC, Chien CC. The comorbidity scoring systems for predicting survival in elderly dialysis patients and additional management strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.13172/2053-0293-1-2-762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Chen PY, Chuang YC, Wang JT, Sheng WH, Yu CJ, Chu CC, Hsueh PR, Chang SC, Chen YC. Comparison of epidemiology and treatment outcome of patients with candidemia at a teaching hospital in Northern Taiwan, in 2002 and 2010. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2012; 47:95-103. [PMID: 23063082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of candidemia varied between hospitals and different study periods. Few, if any, studies provide the reasons. This hospital-based population study aimed to describe and compare the patient population hospitalized in 2002 and 2010 and determine the disease-specific incidences of candidemia and evaluate the impact of time to initiate antifungal therapy on 30-day mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients hospitalized at a 2300-bed teaching hospital in Taiwan in 2002 and 2010 were analyzed for the distribution of age, sex, and type of underlying diseases (maximum of six diagnoses). All patients with blood isolates that were collected in 2002 and 2010 and yielded Candida species were included for analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics, distribution of Candida species, length of hospital stay before candidemia, stay in the intensive care units at onset of candidemia, time of initiating systemic antifungal agent, antifungal regimen, and 30-day crude mortality. RESULTS In 2010, the hospitalized patients were older (p < 0.001), had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (p < 0.001), and more underlying disease/status, including chronic pulmonary diseases, moderate-to-severe renal diseases, leukemia, lymphoma, and gastrointestinal malignancies (p < 0.001) than those seen in 2002. Multivariate analysis identified the following host factors were associated with the occurrence of candidemia in 2010: neonate (adjust odds ratio [OR], 3.67), 45-64 year (OR, 2.18) and the elderly (OR 2.64), compared with young adult (20-44 year); patients with moderate-to-severe renal diseases (OR, 8.08), leukemia (OR, 4.58) and lymphoma (OR 3.98) and gastrointestinal malignancies (OR 2.80). The incidence density of candidemia was 0.34 and 0.41 per 1000 patient-days in 2002 and 2010, respectively (p = 0.04). The majority of characteristics of patients with candidemia and disease-specific incidences of candidemia did not differ between 2002 and 2010. Despite more patients in 2010 receiving antifungal therapy on the same day or 1 day after onset (27.5% vs. 41.2%, respectively, p = 0.002), the 30-day mortality remained high (45.9% in 2002 and 44.4% in 2010). Moreover, time to initiate antifungal therapy had no impact on 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION This hospital-based population study demonstrated that the incidence density of candidemia was high and increased in 2010 compared with 2002, which was at least in part due to the increase in the proportion of patients at a higher risk of candidemia. Although antifungal therapy was initiated earlier in 2010, the 30-day mortality remained high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Tay Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Huei Sheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Medical Information Management Office, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chen Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chwen Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Chun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lai CC, Chu CC, Wang CY, Tsai HY, Cheng A, Lee YC, Huang YT, Liao CH, Hsueh PR. Association between incidence of candidaemia and consumption of antifungal agents at a medical centre in Taiwan. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 40:349-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
6
|
Hockaday LA, Kang KH, Colangelo NW, Cheung PYC, Duan B, Malone E, Wu J, Girardi LN, Bonassar LJ, Lipson H, Chu CC, Butcher JT. Rapid 3D printing of anatomically accurate and mechanically heterogeneous aortic valve hydrogel scaffolds. Biofabrication 2012; 4:035005. [PMID: 22914604 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/4/3/035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aortic valve exhibits complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy and heterogeneity essential for the long-term efficient biomechanical function. These are, however, challenging to mimic in de novo engineered living tissue valve strategies. We present a novel simultaneous 3D printing/photocrosslinking technique for rapidly engineering complex, heterogeneous aortic valve scaffolds. Native anatomic and axisymmetric aortic valve geometries (root wall and tri-leaflets) with 12-22 mm inner diameters (ID) were 3D printed with poly-ethylene glycol-diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogels (700 or 8000 MW) supplemented with alginate. 3D printing geometric accuracy was quantified and compared using Micro-CT. Porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (PAVIC) seeded scaffolds were cultured for up to 21 days. Results showed that blended PEG-DA scaffolds could achieve over tenfold range in elastic modulus (5.3±0.9 to 74.6±1.5 kPa). 3D printing times for valve conduits with mechanically contrasting hydrogels were optimized to 14 to 45 min, increasing linearly with conduit diameter. Larger printed valves had greater shape fidelity (93.3±2.6, 85.1±2.0 and 73.3±5.2% for 22, 17 and 12 mm ID porcine valves; 89.1±4.0, 84.1±5.6 and 66.6±5.2% for simplified valves). PAVIC seeded scaffolds maintained near 100% viability over 21 days. These results demonstrate that 3D hydrogel printing with controlled photocrosslinking can rapidly fabricate anatomical heterogeneous valve conduits that support cell engraftment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Hockaday
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cheng A, Tan CK, Chu CC, Huang YT, Liao CH, Sheng WH, Hsueh PR. Fluoroquinolone use and resistance of Gram-negative bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections at a university hospital in Taiwan from 2000 to 2008. J Infect 2012; 64:618-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
According to the IMGT/HLA Database, the DNA sequence of A*11:53 is identical to A*11:02:01 in exons 2, 3, 4 and 5 except at codon 276. A*11:53 was reported as a rare variant of A*11, while A*11:02:01 was understood to be the second most frequently observed variant of A*11 after A*11:01:01 in Taiwanese. We sequenced HLA-A locus exons 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Taiwanese blood donors (n = 50) previously typed to carry A*11:02:01. We found out all of their sequences are identical to A*11:53 in exons 2, 3, 4 and 5' part of exon 5 including codon 276.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Yang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre, Buddhist Tzu Chi Marrow Donor Registry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jokhadze G, Machaidze M, Panosyan H, Chu CC, Katsarava R. Synthesis and characterization of functional elastomeric poly(ester amide) co-polymers. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 18:411-38. [PMID: 17540117 DOI: 10.1163/156856207780425031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new family of random co-poly(ester amides)s (co-PEAs) having reactive pendant functional carboxylic acid groups were synthesized by co-polycondensation of di-p-toluenesulfonic acid salts of bis-(L-alpha-amino acid (L-leucine and/or L-phenylalanine)) alpha,omega-alkylene diesters with active diesters of dicarboxylic acids using di-p-toluenesulfonic acid salt of L-lysine benzyl ester as a co-monomer. The lateral benzyl ester groups in the L-lysine segment of co-PEAs were subsequently transformed into free COOH groups by catalytic hydrogenolysis using Pd black as a catalyst. The co-PEA-based polyacids obtained, as well as the original co-PEA having lateral benzyl ester groups were characterized by standard methods. In vitro biodegradation studies in the presence of hydrolases like alpha-chymotrypsin and lipase showed significant enzymatic-catalyzed biodegradation of these co-PEAs. These co-PEA-based polyacids were used for covalent attachment of iminoxyl radicals (4-amino-TEMPO) and in vitro biodegradation of 4-aminoTEMPO attached polymer was studied along with releasing kinetic of iminoxyl radical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Jokhadze
- Research Centre for Medical Polymers and Biomaterials, Georgian Technical University, P.O. Box 24, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen MJ, Chu CC, Shyr MH, Lin CL, Lin PY, Yang KL. Identification of a novel HLA-DQB1 allele, DQB1*0326, in a College of American Pathologists 2009 survey specimen. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 37:455-7. [PMID: 20618518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We identified a novel DQB1*0326 allele from a proficiency test sample provided by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) medical society. This novel DQB1 allele was unexpectedly discovered by sequence-based typing method in an attempt to resolve a discrepant typing result between the CAP survey report and our laboratory report. This novel DQB1 allele is most similar to DQB1*030302 and DQB1*0311. DQB1*0326 has a nucleotide substitution resulting an amino acid change when compared with DQB1*030302 (M to L) and it differs from DQB1*0311 by one nucleotide variation causing an amino acid replacement (A to D).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Cord Blood Bank, Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre and Marrow Donor Registry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lai CC, Wang CY, Chu CC, Tan CK, Lu CL, Lee YC, Huang YT, Lee PI, Hsueh PR. Correlation between antibiotic consumption and resistance of Gram-negative bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections at a university hospital in Taiwan from 2000 to 2009. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:1374-82. [PMID: 21436153 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the correlation between antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections at a university hospital in Taiwan from 2000 to 2009. METHODS Disc susceptibility data of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and other non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli causing healthcare-associated infections were evaluated. Data on annual patient-days and annual consumption (defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days) of extended-spectrum cephalosporins, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones were analysed. RESULTS The trend of total consumption of extended-spectrum cephalosporins, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones significantly increased between 2000 and 2003 and remained stable between 2004 and 2009. The decreasing use of gentamicin and amikacin in recent years was associated with increasing susceptibility of E. coli, E. cloacae, S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa to gentamicin, as well as increasing susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to amikacin. The use of piperacillin/tazobactam was positively correlated with the prevalence of piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant E. coli and S. maltophilia. In contrast, the use of cefotaxime and piperacillin/tazobactam was negatively correlated with the prevalence of cefotaxime-resistant E. coli and piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant S. maltophilia, respectively. The consumption of fluoroquinolones was positively correlated with the rates of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli, piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant P. aeruginosa and ceftazidime-resistant S. maltophilia. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between antibiotic prescription and the rates of resistance for Gram-negative bacteria is complicated; every type of antimicrobial agent or even individual agent can have distinct associations with different pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen MJ, Chu CC, Shyr MH, Lin CL, Lin PY, Yang KL. Detection of a rare Caucasoid HLA-DRB1*0337 in a Taiwanese bone marrow donor using sequence-based typing method. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 37:1-3. [PMID: 19758311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2009.00879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We here describe the identification of HLA-DRB1*0337, using sequence-based typing (SBT) method, in a Taiwanese bone marrow donor intrigued by a casual curiosity on the donor's racial background. On high-resolution sequence-specific primer (SSP) typing we observed misleading reaction patterns due to similarity of DNA sequences in the exon 2 of DRB1*0301, *0317, *0337 and *1139. When encountering rare alleles in HLA typing, it is important to pay extra attentions to avoid pitfalls and shortcomings of SSP typing kits routinely used and bear in mind that constant up-dating of high-resolution SSP typing kits to be able to distinguish newly reported alleles. SBT may be considered as a back-up HLA typing method to confirm rare alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Marrow Donor Registry and Cord Blood Bank, Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen MJ, Chu CC, Shyr MH, Lin CL, Lin PY, Yang KL. A novel HLA-B allele, B*5214, detected in a Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donor using a sequence-based typing method. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 37:39-41. [PMID: 19735312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2009.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
HLA-B*5214, a novel rare allele of HLA-B*52 variant, was found in a Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donor by sequence-based typing method. The sequence of B*5214 is identical to that of B*520101 in exon 2 but differs from B*520101 in exon 3 at nucleotide positions 419 A-->T and 435 A-->G. Alteration of these two nucleotides resulted an amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 116 Y-->F ( TAC-->TTC) and a silent exchange at residue 121 K-->K (AAA-->AAG).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Centre, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee HL, Chu CC, Trejaut JA, Yang KL, Lin M. Identification of two novel HLA-DRB1 alleles, HLA-DRB1*1214 and HLA-DRB1*1215, in two Taiwanese individuals. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 35:423-6. [PMID: 19046299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2008.00785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two novel HLA-DRB1 alleles, HLA-DRB1*1214 and HLA-DRB1*1215, were found in Taiwan using sequence-based typing method. DRB1*1214 differs from DRB1*120101 by two nucleotide substitutions on exon 2, causing amino acid changes at codon 37 (L-->F) and codon 38 (L-->V). We suggest that DRB1*1214 is the product of a gene conversion between DRB1*120101 and DRB1*140101 or DRB1*1405 and that HLA-DRB1*1215 differs from DRB1*120201 by one single nucleotide transition at exon 2, thereby causing amino acid change at codon 37 (L-->F).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H L Lee
- Transfusion Medicine and Molecular Anthropology Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Here we report the identification and sequence analysis of a new HLA-A11* variant, A*1131 allele, found in a Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donor. The novel A*11 variant is identical to A*1125 in exon 2 but differs from A*1125 in exon 3 by one nucleotide substitution at position 527 causing an amino acid change at codon 152 E-->V (GAG-->GTG). In comparison with HLA-A*110101, allele A*1131 has three nucleotide differences in exon 3: 527 C-->T, 538 C-->T and 539 A-->T leading to two amino acid variations at residues 152 A-->V and 156 Q-->L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Cord Blood Bank, Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre and Marrow Donor Registry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pan CF, Wu CJ, Chen HH, Dang CW, Chang FM, Liu HF, Chu CC, Lin M, Lee YJ. Molecular analysis of HLA-DRB1 allelic associations with systemic lupus erythematous and lupus nephritis in Taiwan. Lupus 2009; 18:698-704. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203308101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–DRB1 alleles with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) in the Taiwanese population, and to investigate the possible association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with disease severity in LN. HLA-DRB1 alleles were studied in 105 SLE patients (82 patients with LN, 23 patients without LN) and 855 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction and sequence-based typing assays. The frequency of the HLA class II alleles DRB1*0301 (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31–3.10, Pc = 0.02) and DRB1*1501 (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.36–3.13, Pc = 0.01) were both increased in SLE patients, compared to healthy controls. The frequency of DRB1*1202 was significantly lower in LN patients than in SLE patients without nephritis (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.09–0.57, Pc = 0.01). No specific allele was significantly associated with an increased or decreased risk for severity of LN in this sample. In Taiwanese people, the DRB1*0301 and DRB1*1501 alleles are significant risk factors for SLE, while the DRB1*1202 allele is protective for LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CF Pan
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Departments of Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CJ Wu
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - HH Chen
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - CW Dang
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - FM Chang
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - HF Liu
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - CC Chu
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - M Lin
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - YJ Lee
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen MJ, Yang TC, Chu CC, Shyr MH, Lin CL, Lin PY, Yang KL. Detection of a novel HLA-B27 allele, B*2740, in Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donors by sequence-based typing: curiosity rewarded. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 36:207-11. [PMID: 19476482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2009.00849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We report here a novel HLA-B allele, B*2740, discovered in Taiwanese volunteer marrow donors. The new sequence has nucleotide variation at position 527 (T-->A) as compared to B*2708. The nucleotide change caused an amino acid substitution from valine (V) to glutamic acid (E) at codon 152. Since B*2740 carries sequence confers to HLA-Bw6 public epitope we believe that this novel B*27 allele might have been generated from a gene conversion involving a Bw4-specific allele (probably B*2704) and a Bw6-specific allele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Cord Blood Bank, Buddhist Tzu Chi Marrow Donor Registry and Stem Cells Centre, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, 707 Section 3 Chung Yang Road, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ruan SY, Huang YT, Chu CC, Yu CJ, Hsueh PR. Candida glabrata fungaemia in a tertiary centre in Taiwan: antifungal susceptibility and outcomes. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 34:236-9. [PMID: 19361960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proportion of non-albicans candidaemia has increased during recent decades, especially Candida glabrata. We evaluated the antifungal susceptibility, clinical features and outcome of C. glabrata fungaemia treated in a tertiary centre in Taiwan. All episodes of C. glabrata fungaemia during 1999-2005 were identified from microbiology laboratory records and all C. glabrata isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing by the broth microdilution method. A total of 177 episodes of C. glabrata fungaemia were documented, accounting for 30% of the 598 episodes of candidaemia. A dramatic decline of C. glabrata causing candidaemia from 2003 (46.8%) to 2005 (15.8%) was noted, accompanied by decreased fluconazole consumption. The most common underlying diseases in these patients were cancer (49%), diabetes (34%) and renal failure (25%). The most common risk factors were central venous catheter use (88%), antimicrobial treatment (87%) and parenteral nutrition (51%). The 30-day all-cause mortality was 48.6%, but only 31% of patients were eventually discharged from the hospital. There was no significant survival difference between patients with C. glabrata and Candida albicans fungaemia. Rates of antifungal susceptibility were 63% for fluconazole, 93% for voriconazole, 96% for caspofungin, 98% for amphotericin B and 99% for flucytosine. The different levels of susceptibility to fluconazole (susceptible, susceptible-dose dependent and resistant) were not significantly associated with 30-day mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yuan Ruan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Tzu-Chi Stem Cells Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chu CC, Fang GC, Lin IC, Chou TY. Measurement and analysis of ambient air particulates and ionic species for composition and concentration studies at the western coast of central Taiwan. Toxicol Ind Health 2008; 24:137-45. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233707084603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Air-polluting aerosol samples consisting of total suspended particulates, coarse particulates (>2.5~10 μm in diameter), fine particulates (<2.5 μm in diameter), and ionic species were collected from March 2004 to January 2005 at the western coast of central Taiwan. Statistical methods such as nonparametric test and T statistical analysis were also employed to distinguish the variation difference for pollutants among four seasons in this study. Seasonal variation of ionic species SO42− in the total suspended particulates and fine particulates shows that higher composition was observed among four seasons. The results of T statistical analysis revealed that the concentrations of ionic species NO3− showed no significant changes in coarse and fine particulates among the four seasons. In addition, the results also revealed that the concentrations of ionic species Na+ showed no significant changes in coarse and fine particulates in the seasons of spring and autumn at the western coast of central Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CC Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu, Taichung 433, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - GC Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu, Taichung 433, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - IC Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu, Taichung 433, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - TY Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu, Taichung 433, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang TF, Liu YH, Chu CC, Shieh JP, Tzeng JI, Wang JJ. Low-dose haloperidol prevents post-operative nausea and vomiting after ambulatory laparoscopic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:280-4. [PMID: 17999708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the prophylactic effect of low-dose haloperidol (1 mg) on post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in women undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery. Droperidol (0.625 mg) and saline were controls. METHODS One hundred and fifty women undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. After tracheal intubation, the haloperidol group (n=50) received intravenous haloperidol (1 mg), the droperidol group (n=50) received intravenous droperidol (0.625 mg), and the saline group (n=50) received intravenous saline. RESULTS Haloperidol- and droperidol-group patients reported a lower incidence of PONV [24% and 23% vs. 49% (saline group); P<0.05] and requested fewer doses of rescue antiemetics [13% and 16% vs. 38% (saline group); P<0.05] during the first four post-operative hours. During the 24-h post-operative period, haloperidol- and droperidol-group patients also reported a lower incidence of PONV [31% and 32% vs. 62% (saline group); P<0.01]. No differences were found between the haloperidol and droperidol groups. CONCLUSION Like droperidol (0.625 mg), prophylactic intravenous haloperidol (1 mg) significantly reduced the incidence of PONV in women undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T F Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Chi-Mei Medical Centre, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
We report here a novel HLA-DRB1 allele, DRB1*0461, discovered in a Taiwanese volunteer marrow donor. The new sequence has nucleotide variation at positions 260 (C-->A) and 261 (C-->G), i.e. codon 58, as compared to DRB1*0408. Nucleotide change caused an amino acid substitution from alanine to glutamic acid. We believe that the gene conversion took place between DRB1*0405 and DRB1*1101 based on sequence homology and gene frequency in population studies. In comparison to DRB1*0405, DRB1*0461 has two amino acid changes at codons 57 and 58. Amino acid residue substitution at position 57 may affect peptide-binding environment at pocket P9 of the antigen-binding groove of the MHC molecule. This would have potential effect in peptide binding as well as in T-cell recognition, which could have clinical significance in bone marrow and organ transplantations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Laboratory Of Immunogenetics, Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre, Marrow Donor Registry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, 707 Section 3 Chung Yang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo K, Chu CC. Controlled release of paclitaxel from biodegradable unsaturated poly(ester amide)s/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2007; 18:489-504. [PMID: 17550654 DOI: 10.1163/156856207780852569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable hydrogels (FPBe-G) were synthesized by the photopolymerization of two precursors: FPBe, a fumurate-based unsaturated poly(ester amide) (UPEA), and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA). Depending on the feed ratio of these two precursors, the resultant FPBe-G hydrogels showed different crosslinking levels of network structure, mesh sizes (xi) and matrix morphology. When a lipophilic drug, paclitaxel, was preloaded into FPBe-G hydrogels, the two-month drug-release kinetics from FPBe-G hydrogels in both pure PBS buffer and alpha-chymotrypsin media were measured. The paclitaxel-preloaded FPBe-G hydrogels in a alpha-chymotrypsin solution had significantly faster drug release rate than the corresponding hydrogels in a pure PBS buffer due to an enzyme catalyzed biodegradation of FPBe-G hydrogels. Sustained paclitaxel releases over a two-month period without initial burst release were also achieved by using hydrogels having certain feed ratios of hydrogel precursors. These paclitaxel release data correlated well with the molecular mesh size (xi), molecular weight between cross-links (M(c)) and matrix morphological structure of FPBe-G hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile & Apparel Design, and Biomedical Engineering Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo K, Chu CC. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biodegradation of Novel Poly(ether ester amide)s Based on l-Phenylalanine and Oligoethylene Glycol. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:2851-61. [PMID: 17672502 DOI: 10.1021/bm070158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new family of novel biodegradable poly(ether ester amide)s (PEEAs) consisting of three building blocks (L-phenylalanine, oligoethylene glycol, and aliphatic acid dichloride) were synthesized by solution polycondensation. Using N,N-dimethylacetamide as the solvent, these PEEA polymers were obtained with fairly good yields with reduced viscosity (eta(red)) ranging from 0.13 to 0.61 dL/g. The chemical structures of the PEEAs were confirmed by IR, NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. The PEEAs had Tg values lower than that of the saturated poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) of similar structures due to the incorporation of ether bonds in the backbones. An increase in the number of ether bonds in PEEA resulted in a lower Tg value. The solubility of the PEEA polymers in a wide range of common organic solvents was significantly improved when compared with unsaturated PEAs. The preliminary in vitro biodegradation behaviors of PEEA polymers were investigated in both pure PBS buffer and alpha-chymotrypsin solution of different concentrations. The polymers showed a significantly faster weight loss in an enzyme solution (alpha-chymotrypsin) but a very slow biodegradation rate in pure PBS buffer. The enzymatic hydrolysis rates of PEEAs (in terms of weight loss) were found to be much faster than those of saturated and unsaturated polyesteramides reported in previous studies. The zero-order-like biodegradation kinetics and molecular weight data also suggested surface erosion biodegradation mechanisms for these PEEAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel, and Biomedical Engineering Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang KL, Chu CC, Huang CH, Lin SZ, Hsu WL, Liu DW, Lin PY. Discovery of HLA-DRB1*0331 in a Taiwanese marrow donor and the importance of sequence-based typing in a rare or previously unrecognized allele. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:91-5. [PMID: 17373933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a novel HLA-DRB1* allele, DRB1*0331, observed from a Taiwanese bone marrow donor using DNA sequence-based typing (SBT) method. The 'new' allele differs from DRB1*0306 and DRB1*0325 by one nucleotide at positions 196 and 227, respectively. Nucleotide mutations caused amino acid substitutions from N to Y at codon 37 and from F to Y at codon 47, as compared with amino acid sequence encoded by the DRB1*030101 allele. The donor was first typed as DRB1*0403/0406/0439/0441/0446/0451/0452 (NMDP code DRB1*04XX) and DRB1*0304/0323/0325 (NMDP code DRB1*03APDA) by sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing kit. Subsequent typing of the donor by high-resolution sequence-specific primer (SSP) protocol indicated DRB1*0403 and DRB1*0306. The anomalous result of DRB1*03 was resolved by SBT and recognized as DRB1*0331. We concluded that SSP or SSO alone may mistype a precedent unrecognized allele and that two different typing techniques or SBT may have to be employed to safe guard true HLA typing when rare alleles are encountered at the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Yang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Tzu-Chi Stem Cells Centre, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Marrow Donor Registry, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
HLA-Cw*1210 and -Cw*080102 were identified in Taiwan populations using reverse-line SSO typing method. Sequencing showed that HLA-Cw*1210 and -Cw*120201/02 were identical at exon 2 but differed at exon 3 with three nucleotide substitutions at codons 99 and 105 and an amino acid change from tyrosine to phenylalanine at codon 99. Also, allele HLA-Cw*080102 differed from HLA-Cw*080101 in exon 3 by a single synonymous nucleotide transition at codon 99. HLA-Cw*080102 was found only in the Puyuma indigenous tribe of Taiwan and had a frequency of 5%. Interestingly, nucleotide substitutions of HLA-Cw*1210 and -Cw*080102 were located in a noticeably heterogeneous region of the 5' end of exon 3, where similar substitution motifs are frequently found in other HLA-C alleles, therefore suggesting preferential gene conversion in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Chu
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Medical Research Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Saxena BB, Singh M, Gospin RM, Chu CC, Ledger WJ. Efficacy of nonhormonal vaginal contraceptives from a hydrogel delivery system. Contraception 2005; 70:213-9. [PMID: 15325890 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2004.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This investigation describes the synthesis of a biodegradable hydrogel composed of a core surrounded by four concentric sheaths containing dextran, copolymers of polylactide and epsilon-caprolactone. The hydrogel was impregnated with iron (II) d-gluconate dihydrate, which causes complete spermiostasis due to lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid to increase the viscosity of the cervical mucus and mixtures of polyamino and polycarboxylic acids to sustain vaginal pH close to 4.5. The combined effects of the agents in the daily eluates of the hydrogel were efficacious up to 16 days, within 30 s, as shown by sperm penetration tests. For in vivo studies, rabbits were chosen as the experimental model because they are easy to handle and the female is always in estrus. The anterior vagina of estrous female rabbits was instilled with the hydrogel, and then inseminated with the semen from a fertile male. Postinsemination flush from the female rabbits showed that all of the sperm were dead. These observations demonstrate the potential for the development of a biocompatible, nonhormonal, intravaginal contraceptive device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B B Saxena
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, 515 East 71st Street, S-412, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu LT, Chu CC, Chung JG, Chen CH, Hsu LS, Liu JK, Chen SC. Effects of tannic acid and its related compounds on food mutagens or hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA strands breaks in human lymphocytes. Mutat Res 2004; 556:75-82. [PMID: 15491634 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Revised: 02/11/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), propyl gallate (PA) and ellagic acid (EA) on DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by food mutagens [3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido (4,3-b) indole (Trp-P-2) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimadazo (4,5-b) pyridine (PhIP) or H2O2 was evaluated by using single-cell electrophoresis (comet assay). The toxicity of these tested compounds (0.1-100 microg/ml) on lymphocytes was not found. These compounds did not cause DNA strand breaks at lower concentrations of 0.1-10 microg/ml. At a concentration of 100 microg/ml, TA and GA exhibited slight DNA damage, whereas PA and EA showed no DNA strand breaks. TA and its related compounds decreased the DNA strand breaks induced by Trp-P-2, PhIP or H2O2 at concentrations of 0.1-10 microg/ml. DNA repair enzymes endonuclease III (Endo III) and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycoslase (FPG)] were used to examine the levels of oxidised pyrimidines and purines in human lymphocytes induced by H2O2. All the compounds at 10 microg/ml can reduce the level of FPG sensitive sites. However, only EA inhibited the formation of EndoIII sensitive sites. The results indicated that these compounds can enhance lymphocytes resistance towards DNA strand breaks induced by food mutagens or H2O2 in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L T Wu
- Institute of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tsitlanadze G, Machaidze M, Kviria T, Djavakhishvili N, Chu CC, Katsarava R. Biodegradation of amino-acid-based poly(ester amide)s: in vitro weight loss and preliminary in vivo studies. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2004; 15:1-24. [PMID: 15027840 DOI: 10.1163/156856204322752200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic in vitro biodegradation study of regular poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) composed of naturally occurring hydrophobic alpha-amino acids, fatty diols and dicarboxylic acids using gravimetric (weight loss) method was carried out in the presence of hydrolases like alpha-chymotrypsin, lipase and a complex of proteases of Papaya. The last enzyme was used for modeling the catalytic action of nonspecific proteases. It was found that the PEAs, in the presence of enzyme solutions, were biodegraded by surface chemical erosion mechanism, according to the first-order kinetics. Spontaneous immobilization (adsorption) of the enzymes onto the PEAs surfaces was observed. The surface immobilized enzyme can also catalyze the chemical erosion of the PEAs. The enzymes could also be impregnated into the PEAs to make PEAs biochemically biodegraded, i.e. 'self-destructive', at a target rate. A comparison of in vitro biodegradation data of the PEAs with polylactide (PDLLA) showed that PEAs exhibited a far more tendency toward enzyme catalyzed biodegradation than PDLLA. A preliminary in vivo biodegradation study of selected PEA films in rats with and without lipase-impregnation showed that those PEAs were completely absorbed within 1-2 months post-implantation (for the lipase-impregnated ones) and 3-6 months (for the lipase-free ones). These findings prompt us to suggest that these new PEAs may have a great potential for designing drug sustained/controlled release devices, as well as implantable surgical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Tsitlanadze
- Centre for Medical Polymers and Biomaterials, Georgian Technical University, PO Box 24, 380079 Thilisi-79, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Two new HLA-DRB1 alleles have been found by using high-resolution sequence-based typing. The two sequences have been officially named DRB1*1350 (HWS10001327-AY048687) and DRB1*140502 (HWS10001790-AY129430). DRB1*1350 differs from DRB1*110101 by two amino acids at positions 37 (Y-->N) and 58 (A-->E). This allele may arise from gene conversion between DRB1*110101 and DRB1*130201 or DRB1*030101, which are commonly found in Taiwan populations. The other allele, DRB1*140502, obtained from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, differs from DRB1*140501 at codon 58 (GCC-->GCT). However, it causes no change in amino acid sequence and would therefore not have direct clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z X Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chu CC, Lee HL, Hsieh NK, Trejaut J, Lin M. Two novel HLA-DRB1 alleles identified using a sequence-based typing: HLA-DRB1*1443 and HLA-DRB1*1351*. Tissue Antigens 2004; 64:308-10. [PMID: 15304015 DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-2815.2004.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two novel HLA-DRB1 alleles, DRB1*1443 and DRB1*1351, were identified using a sequence-based typing protocol. DRB1*1443 differed from DRB1*140501 by one single-nucleotide substitution in exon-2 (codon 77, ACC-->GCC), which corresponded to an amino acid change of threonine to alanine. DRB1*1351 was identical to DRB1*1301 but differed by a single-nucleotide substitution at codon 50 (GTG-->TTG), resulting in an amino acid change of valine to leucine. Both new alleles present unique polymorphisms, which have not been seen among other DRB1 alleles and which have no known effect on peptide binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Chu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Anovel allele, HLA-DRB1*0436, was identified in a Taiwan indigenous individual by sequence-based typing. DRB1*0436 was identical to DRB1*0403 in exon2 but differed at codons 67-74 with five nucleotide substitutions. This corresponded to three amino acid changes within the P4 peptide-binding pocket of the DR molecule. These substitutions constitute a motif that is also seen in other DRB1*11 alleles. It is possible that the new allele resulted from a gene conversion event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Chu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tsitlanadze G, Kviria T, Katsarava R, Chu CC. In vitro enzymatic biodegradation of amino acid based poly(ester amide)s biomaterials. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2004; 15:185-190. [PMID: 15330054 DOI: 10.1023/b:jmsm.0000011821.46166.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A systematic in vitro biodegradation study of regular poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) composed of naturally occurring hydrophobic alpha-amino acids, fatty diols and dicarboxylic acids was carried out in the presence of hydrolases like trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, and lipase. An automatic potentiometric titration method was used to examine the biodegradation property of the PEAs. Spontaneous immobilization (absorption) of the enzymes onto the PEAs films surfaces was observed. The surface immobilized enzyme not only accelerated the erosion of the PEAs but also was able to catalyze the hydrolysis of both low-molecular-weight (ATEE) and high-molecular-weight (protein) external substrates. It was found that the enzyme surface absorption process is reversible by nature. A kinetic method for a quantitative determination of the enzyme desorbed from the film surface was developed. The enzymes could also be impregnated into the PEAs to make them "self-destructive" at a target rate. A comparison of the PEAs' in vitro biodegradation data with polylactide (PDLLA) showed that PEAs exhibited a far more tendency toward enzyme catalyzed biodegradation than PDLLA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Tsitlanadze
- Centre for Biomedical Polymers and Biomaterials, Georgian Technical University, 0179, Tbilisi-79, Georgia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shu QY, Liu GS, Qi DM, Chu CC, Liu J, Li HJ. An effective method for axillary bud culture and RAPD analysis of cloned plants in tetraploid black locust. Plant Cell Rep 2003; 22:175-180. [PMID: 12904886 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2002] [Revised: 05/09/2003] [Accepted: 05/12/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An efficient micropropagation technique by axillary bud multiplication was established for cloning tetraploid black locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). The result showed that the optimal medium for shoot multiplication and elongation was Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine in combination with 0.5 mg/l kinetin and 0.1 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. The best medium for rooting was half-strength MS medium with 0.25 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. In the present report, we examined the genetic fidelity of the micropropagated plants by the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method with 25 primers. The cloned plants of tetraploid black locust showed complete stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Shu
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Naranjo SE, Ellsworth PC, Chu CC, Henneberry TJ. Conservation of predatory arthropods in cotton: role of action thresholds for Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). J Econ Entomol 2002; 95:682-691. [PMID: 12216807 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-95.4.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to examine the effects of a range of action thresholds for managing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype B (= B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring) with insecticides in cotton on populations of arthropod predators in Imperial Valley, CA, and Maricopa, AZ. Application of insecticides significantly reduced population densities of spiders, Geocoris punctipes (Say), G. pallens (Stål), Orius tristicolor (White), Nabis alternatus Parshley, Zelus renardii Kolenati, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Méneville, Spanogonicus albofasciatus (Reuter), Drapetis sp., and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens in one or both years and sites compared with untreated controls. Use of higher B. tabaci thresholds conserved some species and groups relative to lower thresholds. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that reductions in predator populations were generally influenced more strongly by the timing of the first insecticide application than by the total number of sprays necessary to maintain suppression of the pest below any given action threshold. A predation index, which weights the importance of each predator species based on their known frequency of predation on B. tabaci and another key pest, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was developed and analyzed. Patterns were similar to results based on changes in abundance alone, but the index generally revealed less severe effects of insecticides on overall predator function. The current action threshold for conventional insecticidal control of B. tabaci in Arizona and southern California is five adults per leaf. Results here suggest that predator conservation may be enhanced by raising the initial threshold to delay the first application or initially using more selective materials such as insect growth regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Naranjo
- Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell carcinoma of the endometrium is a rare disease entity characterized by bulkiness and predisposition to necrosis. Clinical presentations include postmenopausal bleeding, lower abdominal mass, chronic abdominal pain and menorrhagia. We present a case of small cell carcinoma of the endometrium with concomitant pelvic inflammatory disease. The literature is also reviewed. CASE A 64 year old female presented was admitted with the principal complaints of fever, lower abdominal pain and malodorous vaginal discharge. Bimanual examination revealed cervical motion tenderness with a WBC of 9400 cells/microL and increased levels of neutrophils, band cells and C-reactive protein. Sonography revealed an adnexal echocomplex compatible with tubo-ovarian abscess. Culture of the vaginal discharge revealed the presence of E. coli. Symptoms persisted despite three days of antibiotics administration so a laparotomy was performed with a friable hemorrhagic uterus revealed and an area of necrosis evident in the left adnexa. Malignancy was confirmed from frozen section. Total abdominal hysterectomy, with bilateral salpingooophorectomy and optimal debulking, was performed. The final pathology report confirmed small cell carcinoma of the endometrium. CONCLUSION Malignancy and pelvic inflammatory disease have overlapping clinical characteristics. Once pelvic inflammatory disease is suspected in a postmenopausal patient, malignancy should also be suspected, and a thorough examination and a tumor-marker analysis performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital No. 95, Shih Lin District Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ye SQ, Chu CC, Cao SY, Tang ZS, Wang L, Zhao SM, Tian WZ. [The factors of improving rice transformation efficiency]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2002; 28:933-8. [PMID: 11695265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The factors influencing the rice transformation frequency have been investigated by using 8 indica and japonica rice cultivars during the transformation procedures, such as induction of calli, selection, and regeneration. The following is the results: The immature embryos were pretreated in 4 degrees C for 4 or 7 days before inoculation, and the regeneration frequency of calli would be increased. High osmotic treatment may increase the possibility of transformation, especially for calli of 6 months or older. The transformation frequency was improved when selection pressure was removed during differentiation period. The V-type selection may be better than the normal selection. There is a difference of differentiation ability among the calli of three periods and it is found that the calli of two or three months are the best for transformation. Proline and DMSO can decrease browning rate of calli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Q Ye
- Institute of Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human platelet antigen (HPA) 1 through 5 and the human neutrophil antigen (HNA-1) systems are relevant to immune-related thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. The alloantigen distribution profiles in the population will aid in estimating the risk of alloimmunization. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Genotyping of the genes that control the expression of the HPA-1 through -5 and HNA-1 systems in Taiwanese (n = 326) and Taiwan's indigenous peoples (n = 608) was performed by PCR with the sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method. RESULTS In the HPA system, HPA-1b and HPA-4b were absent among Taiwan's indigenous tribes and detected among other Taiwanese only with frequencies of <0.2 percent and <0.5 percent, respectively. The GP1BA*2 (HPA-2b) and GP1A*2 (HPA-5b) allele frequencies range from 1 percent to 7 percent and 0.4 percent to 3.5 percent among the two ethnic groups, respectively. GP2B*1 (HPA-3a) and GP2B*2 (HPA-3b) showed similar allele frequencies. In the HNA-1 system, the FCGR3B*1 (HNA-1a) allele frequency was about twice that of FCGR3B*2 (HNA-1b) in Taiwanese and also in most of the indigenous tribes. Three FCGR3B (HNA-1) null persons were found in one indigenous tribe (Ami tribe), for an FCGR3B null frequency of 19.8 percent. However, no FCGR3B*3 (HNA-1c) allele was detected in Taiwan. CONCLUSION The frequencies of HPA-1b, -2b, and -5b in the Taiwanese population were much lower than those among whites. In Taiwan, all of the HNA-1 null found was due to the deletion of the FCGR3B gene, and this deletion may be widely distributed in the Ami tribe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Chu
- Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory and the Immunohematology Reference Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yu LC, Chu CC, Chan YS, Chang CY, Twu YC, Lee HL, Lin M. Polymorphism and distribution of the Secretor alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene in various Taiwanese populations. Transfusion 2001; 41:1279-84. [PMID: 11606829 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41101279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Secretor gene (Se or FUT2), which produces alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase, exhibits extensive polymorphism. Six Se genes, including the weak Se (Se(w) or Se385) and three nonsecretor alleles (se571, se685, and se849) have been detected in various populations of Taiwan. The distribution of various Lewis phenotypes among the Taiwanese population groups has been shown to vary considerably. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A PCR-RFLP analysis system, which was based on the nucleotide polymorphism variation of the different Se alleles and which can reveal the Se genotype of an individual easily and accurately, was developed. The distribution of the Se alleles among Taiwanese population groups, including the two major populations, Minnan and Hakka Taiwanese, and 11 indigenous groups, was analyzed by the method. RESULTS Frequencies of the Se alleles among the Taiwanese populations were revealed. The distribution of the nonsecretor alleles, especially se849, showed a marked variation. A good correlation was observed between a person's Se genotype and Lewis phenotype. CONCLUSION The Se genes have a polymorphic distribution among various Taiwanese populations, and this agrees with previous results for Lewis phenotype distributions. The Se(w) allele and the three se alleles are responsible for the Le(a+b+) and Le(a+b-) phenotypes, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Yu
- Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, the Immunohematology Reference Laboratory, and the Blood Bank, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
We present the clinical manifestations of 4 male patients with acute stroke-like symptoms and polyneuropathy after long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) in a viscose rayon plant. The ages of onset of polyneuropathy ranged from 42 to 45 years with a duration of CS2 exposure between 6 and 21 years. The ages of onset of stroke were from 42 to 48 years. The risk factors for stroke including heart disease and diabetes were denied, except for smoking in 4, hyperlipidemia in 2 and hypertension in 1. At the initial visit in 1992, only 2 patients developed sudden onset of hemiparesis suggesting a lacunar stroke before the diagnosis of CS2 intoxication. Brain computed tomography (CT) scans showed low-density lesions in the basal ganglia in 2 patients, cortical atrophy in 1 and normal in 1. Brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) study disclosed multiple lesions in the corona radiata and basal ganglia on T(2)-weighted images in 3 patients and cortical atrophy in 1. After the diagnosis, they left their jobs for a CS2-free environment, and improvement of the working conditions was noted. During 5 years follow-up period, another 2 patients also developed an acute episode of stroke with hemiparesis. Brain CT and/or MRI follow-up studies in these 2 patients revealed new lesions in the basal ganglia and corona radiata. Intriguingly, a patient with previous stroke also developed new lesions in the bilateral thalami and brainstem. Carotid Doppler scan, transcranial Doppler scan and/or cerebral angiography did not show any prominent stenosis or occlusion in the major intracranial large arteries. We conclude that encephalopathy may occur in patients after long-term CS2 exposure, probably due to impaired cerebral perfusion. The lesions tend to occur in the basal ganglia, corona radiata and even brainstem, particularly involving the small-sized vessels. In addition, the cerebral lesions may progress even after cessation of CS2 exposure. Therefore, we suggest that CS2 exposure may be a risk factor for stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chu CC, Lin M, Nakajima F, Lee HL, Chang SL, Juji T, Tokunaga K. Diversity of HLA among Taiwan's indigenous tribes and the Ivatans in the Philippines. Tissue Antigens 2001; 58:9-18. [PMID: 11580850 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.580102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Taiwan's indigenous tribes, especially the east coast tribes are not only closely related to Oceania but also with the Australian aborigines. The Ivatans of the Batan Islands in the Philippines are closely related to the Yami tribe of Taiwan as cultural and anthropological studies have shown. Many DRB1 alleles (*15021, *16021, *0404, *04051, *11011, *12021, *1401, *08032) have high allele frequencies (>20%) in certain tribes, suggesting Taiwan's indigenous tribes are homogeneous populations. These high frequency DRB1 alleles and also some HLA-A-B-DR haplotypes found in Taiwan's indigenous tribes are also found in Oceania, Australian aborigines, south and north east Asians and American Indians, lending further support to our previous findings that Taiwan's indigenous tribes are more or less genetically related to both northern and southern Asians, possibly as well as Amerindians. HLA-A*2402 with a remarkably high frequency among Taiwan's indigenous tribes (52.1% approximately 86.3%), especially the central mountain tribes, possibly represents not only founder effects and population bottlenecks, but also positive selection of the allele. Although the Ami tribe has the highest ever reported frequencies of the DRB1*0404 and DRB1*0405, these alleles have not been found to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis as previously described for Caucasians. In addition, DRB1*1401 has a high frequency in most tribes but is not associated with psoriasis as previously indicated in some studies, suggesting the involvement of some additional genetic and/or environmental factors mechanism in the development of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Chu
- Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory and Immunohematology Reference Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, 92, Sec. 2 Chung-Shan N. Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Duodenojejunal intussusception is a rare pediatric emergency. A case of duodenojejunal intussusception secondary to hamartomatous polyps of the second portion of duodenum in a 10-month-old boy is reported. Surgical excision of the polyps and reduction of the intussusception were performed. Pathologic examination found hamartomatous polyps. This is the third case report of children in literature, but this is the first case of a child with intussusception surrounding the ampulla of Vater and a successful excision performed without damaging the ampulla of Vater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Hwang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yi ZL, Cao SY, Wang L, Chu CC, Li X, He SJ, Tang ZS, Zhou PH, Tian WZ. [Improvement of transformation frequency of rice mediated by Agrobacterium]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 28:352-8. [PMID: 11329877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The factors influencing the frequency of rice transformation mediated by Agrobacterium have been investigated by using 16 commercially important indica and japonica rice cultivars or lines. The main results were as following: For most rice CC medium was the best for both callus initiation and subculture. With supplement of 2.5-5 mg/L ABA the quality of calli can be improved. The concentration of selective agent for Indica rice callus was lower than that for japonica rice callus. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 was more efficient than LBA4404 and AGL1 for rice transformation. The inhibitive effect of cefotaxime to Agrobacterium was better than that of carbenicillin. The partial desiccation treatment after co-cultivation was beneficial to inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium and increase transformation efficiency. A stable and efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system has been established in ten different rice cultivars and fertile transgenic plants have been obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z L Yi
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Juvenile papillomatosis (JP) is a rare benign, proliferative breast tumor in children. We observed a 9-year-old girl with a large soft-tissue mass at the lower outer quadrant of the left breast. Ultrasonography showed an ill-defined, inhomogeneous mass with numerous small, hypoechoic areas. The tumor was completely excised. Histopathology revealed JP of the breast. The case is presented and the literature is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Hsieh
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lien TC, Lin MY, Chu CC, Kuo BI, Wang ED, Wang JH. Ventilator-associated pneumonia with circuit changes every 2 days versus every week. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2001; 64:161-7. [PMID: 11458621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent ventilator circuit changes are expensive and sometimes unnecessary. Following the worldwide trend to lengthen the intervals for ventilator circuit change from 2 days to 1 week, this study aims to assure that low rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) can be maintained with cost containment. METHODS Ventilator circuits were routinely changed every 7 days in the study period for 2 years and every 2 days during the historical control period of another 2 years. Pediatric patients (age less than 15 years) were not included. Nosocomial pneumonia was diagnosed by the criteria of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the United States (US). VAP was identified by combining and comparing 2 databases from the Respiratory Therapy Department and the Infection Control Unit of our hospital. RESULTS In the study group, 225 episodes of pneumonias were observed in 7,068 patients and 87,338 ventilator days. The rate of VAP was 2.58 per 1,000 ventilator days. There were 174 episodes of pneumonia in 6,213 patients and 65,467 ventilator days of the control group. The rate of VAP was 2.66 per 1,000 ventilator days. The difference between both groups was not significant (p = 0.803). Yet, the cost curbed was around 80,000 US dollars per year. CONCLUSIONS Extending ventilator circuit change interval from 2 days to 7 days do not increase the risk for VAP, but the cost savings for labor and supply are substantial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Lien
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lin M, Chu CC, Chang SL, Lee HL, Loo JH, Akaza T, Juji T, Ohashi J, Tokunaga K. The origin of Minnan and Hakka, the so-called "Taiwanese", inferred by HLA study. Tissue Antigens 2001; 57:192-9. [PMID: 11285126 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057003192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Minnan and Hakka people groups, the so-called "Taiwanese", are the descendants of early settlers from the southeast coast of China during the last few centuries. Genetically they showed affinities to southern Asian populations, as determined by phylogenetic trees and correspondence analysis calculated from HLA allele frequencies. This corresponds historically with the fact that they are the descendants of the southeast coastal indigenous population (Yueh) of China and should therefore not be considered as descendants of "pure" northern Han Chinese. A33-B58-DRB1*03 (A33-Cw10-B58-DRB1*03-DQB1*02), the most common HLA haplotype among "Taiwanese", with a haplotype frequency of 6.3%, has also been found to be the most common haplotype among Thai-Chinese and Singapore Chinese, two other populations also originating from the southeast coast of China. These observations suggests that this haplotype is the most well-conserved ancient haplotype of the Yueh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Slivka MA, Chu CC, Zhang YL. Laser confocal microscopic study of pH profiles of synthetic absorbable fibers upon in vitro hydrolytic degradation. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2001; 12:241-247. [PMID: 15348308 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008963132565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a new and non-destructive technique to measure the interior pH of synthetic absorbable biomaterials. Such a measurement would provide the required experimental evidence for validating the postulated theory that the accumulation of acidic hydrolytic degradation products within the interior of aliphatic polyesters is responsible for the observed accelerated degradation of this class of absorbable biomaterials. This new technique used a laser scanning confocal microscope coupled with pH sensitive fluorescent dyes like Texas Red sulfonyl chloride. The capability of optical thin sectioning of a laser confocal microscope would permit a non-destructive examination of the interior of biomaterials. Poly-p-dioxanone suture fibers (PDSII) of size 2/0 were used as the model compound for this new technique. The pH values of the unhydrolyzed and partially hydrolyzed PDSII fibers were found to decrease with increasing depth from the fiber surface and reached as low as about 3.5 at 70 microm depth. The largest depth that an interior pH could be measured within absorbable biomaterials was determined by the opacity of the biomaterials, i.e. a higher depth for a less opaque material. The observed interior pH profiles were correlated to the unique morphologic structure of PDSII fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Slivka
- Fiber Science Program, Department of Textiles and Apparel, and Biomedical Engineering Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ting CK, Tsou MY, Su NY, Chu CC, Lin SM, Lui PW, Lee TY. Repeated attacks of venous air embolism during craniotomy--a case report. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 2001; 39:41-5. [PMID: 11407295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Venous air embolism (VAE) is not uncommon during craniotomy, but repeated attacks of VAE during a single surgical procedure is rarely seen. We report a successful intraoperative management of repeated attacks of air embolism in a patient who sustained craniotomy for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in prone position. A 70-year-old male suffering from hemorrhage in the right cerebellar hemisphere with impending brainstem herniation was scheduled for craniotomy. He had history of hypertension but it was not well controlled with medical treatment. Emergent craniotomy for removal of blood clot resulting from ICH was performed. During the operation, sudden decrease of end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) level, fall of blood pressure and increase of central venous pressure (CVP) were noted. Since air bubbles were retrieved from CVP catheter venous air embolism was highly suspected. With prompt diagnosis and proper management, we successfully improved the patient's hemodynamic status and he was discharged without any sequelae. Early detection together with aggressive treatment is the only way in the management of intraoperative venous air embolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C K Ting
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Rd., Pei-Tou 112, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chu CC, Henneberry TJ, Natwick ET, Ritter D, Birdsall SL. Efficacy of CC traps and seasonal activity of adult Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Imperial and Palo Verde Valleys, California. J Econ Entomol 2001; 94:47-54. [PMID: 11233132 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Adult whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring trap (CC trap) catches were compared with suction type trap catches. CC trap catches were significantly correlated to the suction trap catches. Higher numbers of B. argentifolii adults were caught in CC traps oriented toward an untreated, B. argentifolii-infested, cotton field as compared with traps oriented toward Bermuda grass fields, farm roads, or fallow areas. CC trap catches at five heights above ground (from 0 to 120 cm) were significantly related to each other in choice and no-choice studies. CC trap catches were low in the Imperial and Palo Verde Valleys from late October to early June each of 1996, 1997, and 1998. Trap catches increased with increasing seasonal air temperatures and host availability. Trap catches were adversely affected by wind and rain. Abrupt trap catch increases of 40- to 50-fold for 1-2 d in late June to early July followed by abrupt decreases in adult catches suggest migrating activity of adults from other nearby crop sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Chu
- Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to study the release of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from a series of biodegradable hydrogels having a wide range of hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity, swelling, and biodegradation properties. BSA was incorporated into a series of biodegradable hydrogels made from a dextran derivative of allyl isocyanate (dex-AI, as the hydrophilic constituent) and poly(DL-lactic acid) diacrylate macromer (PDLLAM, as the hydrophobic constituent). The release kinetics of BSA from these dex-AI/PDLLAM hydrogels was studied. Laser confocal scanning microscopy was used to investigate the morphological change of the hydrogels, as well as BSA distribution in the hydrogels, as a function of dex-AI to PDLLAM composition ratio and incubation time. We found that the incorporation of PDLLAM into dex-AI reduced the initial burst release of BSA due to its more homogeneous distribution in the hydrogels. As the PDLLAM component increased, the rate of formation of a loose three-dimensional (3D) network structure increased; consequently, the sustained rate and extent of BSA release increased. Both release index and diffusion coefficient (from release kinetics data) increased as the PDLLAM component increased in the hydrogels. The data suggest that the release of BSA was controlled by both diffusion of BSA through swelling of the hydrophilic phase during an early stage, and degradation of the hydrophobic phase during a late stage, and also that the magnitude of diffusion versus degradation controlled release is dependent on composition ratio and immersion time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textiles and Apparel, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|