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Kim JM, Kim D, Lee NJ, Woo SH, Lee J, Lee H, Park AK, Kim JA, Lee CY, Kim ,IH, Yoo CK, Kim EJ. Increased viral load in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant in the Republic of Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023; 14:272-278. [PMID: 37652682 PMCID: PMC10493702 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic owing to the rapid spread of the causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Its Delta and Omicron variants are more transmissible and pathogenic than other variants. Some debates have emerged on the mechanism of variants of concern. In the COVID-19 wave that began in December 2021, the Omicron variant, first reported in South Africa, became identifiable in most cases globally. The aim of this study was to provide data to inform effective responses to the transmission of the Omicron variant. METHODS The Delta variant and the spike protein D614G mutant were compared with the Omicron variant. Viral loads from 5 days after symptom onset were compared using epidemiological data collected at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS The Omicron variant exhibited a higher viral load than other variants, resulting in greater transmissibility within 5 days of symptom onset. CONCLUSION Future research should focus on vaccine efficacy against the Omicron variant and compare trends in disease severity associated with its high viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongju Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Joo Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Woo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjin Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Kyung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - , Il-Hwan Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Hong KH, Kim GJ, Roh KH, Lee H, Park OK, Kim TS, Kim JS, Lee J, Seong MW, Kim SY, Park JS, Park Y, Huh HJ, Ryoo N, Kim HS, Sung H, Yoo CK. Guidelines for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Monkeypox in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2023; 43:137-144. [PMID: 36281507 PMCID: PMC9618902 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.43.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
While the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is ongoing, monkeypox has been rapidly spreading in non-endemic countries since May 2022. Accurate and rapid laboratory tests are essential for identifying and controlling monkeypox. Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine and the Korea Disease Prevention and Control Agency have proposed guidelines for diagnosing monkeypox in clinical laboratories in Korea. These guidelines cover the type of tests, selection of specimens, collection of specimens, diagnostic methods, interpretation of test results, and biosafety. Molecular tests are recommended as confirmatory tests. Skin lesion specimens are recommended for testing in the symptomatic stage, and the collection of both blood and oropharyngeal swabs is recommended in the presymptomatic or prodromal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ho Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gab Jung Kim
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Kyu Park
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Park
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Younhee Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namhee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
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Kim HM, Rhee JE, Lee NJ, Woo SH, Park AK, Lee J, Yoo CK, Kim EJ. Recent increase in the detection of human parainfluenza virus during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in the Republic of Korea. Virol J 2022; 19:215. [PMID: 36510212 PMCID: PMC9744062 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the onset of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the prevalence of respiratory infectious diseases, particularly, the flu epidemic, has considerably decreased. The low detection rate and decreased number of specimens have hindered the implementation of the Korea Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance System (KINRESS), a sentinel surveillance system. Most patients with influenza-like illness visit the COVID-19 screening clinic; therefore, the number of samples collected in sentinel surveillance has decreased by more than 50%. Thus, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency supplemented sentinel surveillance with non-sentinel surveillance by private medical diagnostic centers. We report here a delayed and unprecedented high detection of human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) in the Republic of Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic through sentinel and non-sentinel surveillance. We also examined the causes and implications of the changes in prevalence of hPIV.l METHODS: We collected data for 56,984 and 257,217 samples obtained through sentinel and non-sentinel surveillance, respectively. Eight viruses were confirmed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time PCR. Some specimens from the sentinel surveillance were used for genetic characterization of hPIV type 3. RESULTS In 2020, hPIV was rarely detected; however, it was detected in August 2021. The detection rate continued to increase considerably in September and reached over 70% in October, 2021. The detection rate of hPIV3 was significantly higher in infants and preschoolers aged 0-6 years in both sentinel and non-sentinel surveillance. Detection of hPIV was delayed in metropolitan areas compared to that in suburban regions. The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase sequences of hPIV3 generated in 2021 were not distinct from those detected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The operation of non-sentinel and sentinel surveillance to monitor respiratory viruses could sensitively detect an unprecedented revival of hPIV in the Republic of Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heui Man Kim
- grid.418967.50000 0004 1763 8617Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Rhee
- grid.418967.50000 0004 1763 8617Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Joo Lee
- grid.418967.50000 0004 1763 8617Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Woo
- grid.418967.50000 0004 1763 8617Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Kyung Park
- grid.418967.50000 0004 1763 8617Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- grid.418967.50000 0004 1763 8617Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- grid.418967.50000 0004 1763 8617Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- grid.418967.50000 0004 1763 8617Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
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Roh KH, Hong KH, Nam MH, Kim TS, Seong MW, Lee JK, Bae S, Huh HJ, Ahn JY, Lim J, Kim GJ, Park JS, Kim HY, Yoo CK, Lee H. Guidelines for Mobile Laboratories for Molecular Diagnostic Testing of COVID-19. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:507-514. [PMID: 35470270 PMCID: PMC9057824 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.5.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the need for rapid testing and diagnosis and consequently, the demand for mobile laboratories have increased. Despite this need, there are no clear guidelines for the operation, maintenance, or quality control of mobile laboratories. We provide guidelines for the operation, management, and quality control of mobile laboratories, and specifically for the implementation and execution of COVID-19 molecular diagnostic testing. These practical guidelines are primarily based on expert opinions and a laboratory accreditation inspection checklist. The scope of these guidelines includes the facility, preoperative evaluation, PCR testing, internal and external quality control, sample handling, reporting, laboratory personnel, biosafety level, and laboratory safety management. These guidelines are useful for the maintenance and operation of mobile laboratories not only in normal circumstances but also during public health crises and emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ho Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Hyun Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, KIRAMS, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sookyoung Bae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeal Ahn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jinsook Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gab Jung Kim
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis Management, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Jae Sun Park
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis Management, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Hyun Yeong Kim
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis Management, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hong KH, Kim GJ, Roh KH, Sung H, Lee J, Kim SY, Kim TS, Park JS, Huh HJ, Park Y, Kim JS, Kim HS, Seong MW, Ryoo NH, Song SH, Lee H, Kwon GC, Yoo CK. Update of Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19 in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:391-397. [PMID: 35177559 PMCID: PMC8859556 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.4.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine and the Korea Disease Prevention and Control Agency have announced guidelines for diagnosing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in clinical laboratories in Korea. With the ongoing pandemic, we propose an update of the previous guidelines based on new scientific data. This update includes recommendations for tests that were not included in the previous guidelines, including the rapid molecular test, antigen test, antibody test, and self-collected specimens, and a revision of the previous recommendations. This update will aid clinical laboratories in performing laboratory tests for diagnosing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ho Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gab Jung Kim
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Park
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younhee Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gye Cheol Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
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Choi KE, Kim JM, Rhee JE, Park AK, Kim EJ, Yoo CK, Kang NS. Molecular Dynamics Studies on the Structural Stability Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Including Multiple Mutants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094956. [PMID: 35563345 PMCID: PMC9106056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. The spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 fuses with and invades cells in the host respiratory system by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The spike protein, however, undergoes continuous mutation from a D614G single mutant to an omicron variant, including multiple mutants. In this study, variants, including multiple mutants (double, triple mutants, B.1.620, delta, alpha, delta_E484Q, mu, and omicron) were investigated in patients. The 3D structure of the full-length spike protein was used in conformational analysis depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variants. The structural stability of the variant types was analyzed based on the distance between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of each chain in the spike protein and the binding free energy between the spike protein and bound ACE2 in the one-, two-, and three-open-complex forms using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Omicron variants, the most prevalent in the recent history of the global pandemic, which consist of 32 mutations, showed higher stability in all open-complex forms compared with that of the wild type and other variants. We suggest that the conformational stability of the spike protein is the one of the important determinants for the differences in viral infectivity among variants, including multiple mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Eun Choi
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Min Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.-M.K.); (J.E.R.); (A.K.P.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Jee Eun Rhee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.-M.K.); (J.E.R.); (A.K.P.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Ae Kyung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.-M.K.); (J.E.R.); (A.K.P.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.-M.K.); (J.E.R.); (A.K.P.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea;
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-8626
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Kim JM, Rhee JE, Yoo M, Kim HM, Lee NJ, Woo SH, Jo HJ, Kwon D, Lee S, Yoo CK, Kim EJ. Increase in Viral Load in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in the Republic of Korea. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:819745. [PMID: 35308391 PMCID: PMC8928404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.819745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly, causing in COVID-19 being declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The key variants include alpha, beta, gamma, and delta; these exhibit high viral transmission, pathogenicity, and immune evasion mechanisms. The delta variant, first confirmed in India, was detected in the majority of COVID-19 patients at the recent wave in the Republic of Korea. Here, the features of the delta variant were compared to the earlier waves, with focus on increased transmissibility. The viral load, from the initial days of infection to 14 days later, was compared based on epidemiological data collected at the time of confirmed diagnosis. The increased viral load observed in the delta variant-led infections influences the scale of the wave, owing to the increased rate of transmission. Infections caused by the delta variant increases the risk of hospitalization within 14 days after symptom onset, and the high viral load correlates with COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the future studies should compare the trend of disease severity caused by the high viral load of delta variant with previous waves and analyze the vaccine effects in light of the delta variant of fourth wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Jee Eun Rhee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Myeongsu Yoo
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Heui Man Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Nam-Joo Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sang Hee Woo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Jo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Response Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, South Korea
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Kwon JH, Kim JM, Lee DH, Park AK, Kim IH, Kim DW, Kim JY, Lim N, Cho KY, Kim HM, Lee NJ, Woo S, Lee CY, No JS, Kim J, Rhee J, Han MG, Rhie GE, Yoo CK, Kim EJ. Genomic epidemiology reveals the reduction of the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 after implementing control strategies in Republic of Korea, 2020. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab077. [PMID: 34760282 PMCID: PMC8574293 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic epidemiology is a core component in investigating the spread of the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, the efficacy of control
strategies in South Korea was evaluated using genomic epidemiology based on viral genome
sequences of 2,065 SARS-CoV-2 cases identified in South Korea from January 2020 to
December 2020. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of viruses introduced from
inbound travelers did not further spread throughout South Korea; however, four distinct
subgroups (KR.1–4, belonging to B.1.497, B.1, K.1 and B.41) of viruses caused local
epidemics. After the introduction of enhanced social distancing, the viral population size
and daily case numbers decreased, and KR.2–4 subgroups were extinguished from South Korea.
Nevertheless, there was a subsequent increase in KR.1 subgroups after the downgrading of
social distancing level. These results indicate that the international traveler quarantine
system implemented in South Korea along with social distancing measures efficiently
reduced the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2, but it was not completely controlled.
An improvement of control strategies will be required to better control SARS-CoV-2, its
variants, and future pandemic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ae Kyung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Noori Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeon Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui Man Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Joo Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - SangHee Woo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - JeeEun Rhee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Guk Han
- Division of Viral Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Eun Rhie
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
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Kwon JH, Kim JM, Lee DH, Park AK, Kim IH, Kim DW, Kim JY, Lim N, Cho KY, Kim HM, Lee NJ, Woo S, Lee CY, No JS, Kim J, Rhee J, Han MG, Rhie GE, Yoo CK, Kim EJ. Corrigendum to: Genomic epidemiology reveals the reduction of the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 after implementing control strategies in Republic of Korea, 2020. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab088. [PMID: 34730124 PMCID: PMC8557333 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab077.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ae Kyung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Noori Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeon Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui Man Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Joo Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - SangHee Woo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - JeeEun Rhee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Guk Han
- Division of Viral Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Eun Rhie
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Disease, Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187, Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kim JM, Ryu B, Choe YJ, Jo HJ, Lee H, Kim HM, Lee NJ, Rhee JE, Chung YS, Han MG, Kim EJ, Park Y, Gwack J, Jin Y, Song J, Seo S, Gill B, Kim H, Park Y, Yoo CK, Jeong EK. Viral Shedding among Re-Positive Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Positive Individuals in Republic of Korea. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102089. [PMID: 34696519 PMCID: PMC8539278 DOI: 10.3390/v13102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) in individuals who re-tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA after recovering from their primary illness. We investigated 295 individuals with re-positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results and 836 of their close contacts. We attempted virus isolation in individuals with re-positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results using cell culture and confirmed the presence of neutralizing antibodies using serological tests. Viral culture was negative in all 108 individuals with re-positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results in whom viral culture was performed. Three new cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified among household contacts using PCR. Two of the three new cases had had contact with the index patient during their primary illness, and all three had antibody evidence of past infection. Thus, there was no laboratory evidence of viral shedding and no epidemiological evidence of transmission among individuals with re-positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.-M.K.); (H.-J.J.); (H.L.); (H.M.K.); (N.-J.L.); (J.E.R.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Boyeong Ryu
- Division of Risk Assessment, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea;
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea;
| | - Hye-Jun Jo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.-M.K.); (H.-J.J.); (H.L.); (H.M.K.); (N.-J.L.); (J.E.R.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Hyeokjin Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.-M.K.); (H.-J.J.); (H.L.); (H.M.K.); (N.-J.L.); (J.E.R.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Heui Man Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.-M.K.); (H.-J.J.); (H.L.); (H.M.K.); (N.-J.L.); (J.E.R.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Nam-Joo Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.-M.K.); (H.-J.J.); (H.L.); (H.M.K.); (N.-J.L.); (J.E.R.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Jee Eun Rhee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.-M.K.); (H.-J.J.); (H.L.); (H.M.K.); (N.-J.L.); (J.E.R.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Chung
- Honam Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Seo-gu, Gwangju-si 61947, Korea;
| | - Myung-Guk Han
- Division of Viral Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea;
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.-M.K.); (H.-J.J.); (H.L.); (H.M.K.); (N.-J.L.); (J.E.R.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Youngjoon Park
- Director for Epidemiological Investigation Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea;
| | - Jin Gwack
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Bureau of Infectious Disease Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.G.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yeowon Jin
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Bureau of Infectious Disease Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (J.G.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jeongsuk Song
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea;
| | - Seunghee Seo
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis Management, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (S.S.); (H.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Byoungchul Gill
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea;
| | - Hyunyeong Kim
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis Management, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (S.S.); (H.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yeeun Park
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis Management, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea; (S.S.); (H.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea;
| | - Eun Kyeong Jeong
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea
- Correspondence:
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11
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Kim SY, Lee J, Sung H, Lee H, Han MG, Yoo CK, Lee SW, Hong KH. Pooling Upper Respiratory Specimens for Rapid Mass Screening of COVID-19 by Real-Time RT-PCR. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:2469-2472. [PMID: 32844739 PMCID: PMC7510748 DOI: 10.3201/eid2610.201955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To validate the specimen-pooling strategy for real-time reverse transcription PCR detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, we generated different pools including positive specimens, reflecting the distribution of cycle threshold values at initial diagnosis. Cumulative sensitivities of tested pool sizes suggest pooling of <6 specimens for surveillance by this method.
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12
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Sung H, Roh KH, Hong KH, Seong MW, Ryoo N, Kim HS, Lee J, Kim SY, Ryu SW, Kim MN, Han MG, Lee SW, Lee H, Yoo CK. Erratum: COVID-19 Molecular Testing in Korea: Practical Essentials and Answers From Experts Based on Experiences of Emergency Use Authorization Assays. Ann Lab Med 2020; 41:126-127. [PMID: 32829590 PMCID: PMC7443524 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2021.41.1.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namhee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Won Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Guk Han
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
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Lee J, Kim SY, Sung H, Lee SW, Lee H, Roh KH, Yoo CK, Hong KH. Challenges and issues of SARS-CoV-2 pool testing. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20:1232-1233. [PMID: 32679080 PMCID: PMC7833783 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ki Ho Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim JM, Kim HM, Lee EJ, Jo HJ, Yoon Y, Lee NJ, Son J, Lee YJ, Kim MS, Lee YP, Chae SJ, Park KR, Cho SR, Park S, Kim SJ, Wang E, Woo S, Lim A, Park SJ, Jang J, Chung YS, Chin BS, Lee JS, Lim D, Han MG, Yoo CK. Detection and Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 in Serum, Urine, and Stool Specimens of COVID-19 Patients from the Republic of Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020; 11:112-117. [PMID: 32528816 PMCID: PMC7282421 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.3.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection characterized by the main symptoms of pneumonia and fever. It is caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is known to spread via respiratory droplets. We aimed to determine the rate and likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from COVID-19 patients through non-respiratory routes. Methods Serum, urine, and stool samples were collected from 74 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome was extracted from each specimen and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction performed. CaCo-2 cells were inoculated with the specimens containing the SARS-COV-2 genome, and subcultured for virus isolation. After culturing, viral replication in the cell supernatant was assessed. Results Of the samples collected from 74 COVID-19 patients, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 15 serum, urine, or stool samples. The virus detection rate in the serum, urine, and stool samples were 2.8% (9/323), 0.8% (2/247), and 10.1% (13/129), and the mean viral load was 1,210 ± 1,861, 79 ± 30, and 3,176 ± 7,208 copy/μL, respectively. However, the SARS-CoV-2 was not isolated by the culture method from the samples that tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 gene. Conclusion While the virus remained detectable in the respiratory samples of COVID-19 patients for several days after hospitalization, its detection in the serum, urine, and stool samples was intermittent. Since the virus could not be isolated from the SARS-COV-2-positive samples, the risk of viral transmission via stool and urine is expected to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Kim
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Heui Man Kim
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye Jun Jo
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Youngsil Yoon
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Nam-Joo Lee
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Junseock Son
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Lee
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Kim
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yong-Pyo Lee
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Chae
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kye Ryeong Park
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung-Rye Cho
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sehee Park
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eunbyeol Wang
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - SangHee Woo
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Aram Lim
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - JunHyeong Jang
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chung
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Bum Sik Chin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Duko Lim
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Gyeonggi Provincial Medical Center Ansung Hospital, Ansung, Korea
| | - Myung-Guk Han
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
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15
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Sung H, Roh KH, Hong KH, Seong MW, Ryoo N, Kim HS, Lee J, Kim SY, Ryu SW, Kim MN, Han MG, Lee SW, Lee H, Yoo CK. COVID-19 Molecular Testing in Korea: Practical Essentials and Answers From Experts Based on Experiences of Emergency Use Authorization Assays. Ann Lab Med 2020; 40:439-447. [PMID: 32539299 PMCID: PMC7295959 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2020.40.6.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Early detection of COVID-19 and immediate isolation of infected patients from the naive population are important to prevent further pandemic spread of the infection. Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA is currently the most reliable diagnostic method for confirming COVID-19 worldwide. Guidelines for clinical laboratories on the COVID-19 diagnosis have been recently published by Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, these formal guidelines do not address common practical laboratory issues related to COVID-19 real-time RT-PCR testing and their solutions. Therefore, this guideline is intended as a practical and technical supplement to the “Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19 in Korea”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namhee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Won Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Guk Han
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
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16
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Hong KH, Lee SW, Kim TS, Huh HJ, Lee J, Kim SY, Park JS, Kim GJ, Sung H, Roh KH, Kim JS, Kim HS, Lee ST, Seong MW, Ryoo N, Lee H, Kwon KC, Yoo CK. Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2020; 40:351-360. [PMID: 32237288 PMCID: PMC7169629 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2020.40.5.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which began in December 2019, is still ongoing in Korea, with >9,000 confirmed cases as of March 25, 2020. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and real-time reverse transcription-PCR is currently the most reliable diagnostic method for COVID-19 around the world. Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine and the Korea Centers for Disease Prevention and Control propose guidelines for diagnosing COVID-19 in clinical laboratories in Korea. These guidelines are based on other related domestic and international guidelines, as well as expert opinions and include the selection of test subjects, selection of specimens, diagnostic methods, interpretation of test results, and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ho Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Deopartment of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Sun Park
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
| | - Gab Jeong Kim
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namhee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kye Chul Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
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17
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Jin S, Lee JB, Kang K, Yoo CK, Kim BM, Park HB, Lim HT, Cho IC, Maharani D, Lee JH. The Possibility of TBC1D21 as a Candidate Gene for Teat Numbers in Pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:1374-8. [PMID: 25049720 PMCID: PMC4093071 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Based on a quantitative traits locus (QTL) study using a F2 intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs, a significant QTL affecting teat numbers in SSC7 was identified. The strong positional candidate gene, TBC1D21, was selected due to its biological function for epithelial mesenchymal cell development. Sequence analysis revealed six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TBC1D21 gene. Among these, two SNP markers, one silent mutation (SNP01) for g.13,050A>G and one missense mutation (SNP04) for c.829A>T (S277C), were genotyped and they showed significant associations with teat number traits (p value = 6.38E-05 for SNP01 and p value = 1.06E-07 for SNP04 with total teat numbers). Further functional validation of these SNPs could give valuable information for understanding the teat number variation in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - K Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - C K Yoo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - B M Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - H B Park
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - H T Lim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - I C Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - D Maharani
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea
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18
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Jung EJ, Park HB, Lee JB, Yoo CK, Kim BM, Kim HI, Cho IC, Lim HT. Genome-wide association study identifies quantitative trait loci affecting hematological traits in an F2 intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs. Anim Genet 2014; 45:534-41. [PMID: 24797309 DOI: 10.1111/age.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes affecting the status of health and robustness can bring about physiological alterations including hematological parameters in swine. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with eight hematological traits (one leukocyte trait, six erythrocyte traits and one platelet trait), we conducted a genome-wide association study using the PorcineSNP60K BeadChip in a resource population derived from an intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs. A total of 36 740 SNPs from 816 F2 progeny were analyzed for each blood-related trait after filtering for quality control. Data were analyzed by the genome-wide rapid association using mixed model and regression (GRAMMAR) approach. A total of 257 significant SNPs (P < 1.36 × 10(-6) ) on SSC3, 6, 8, 13 and 17 were identified for blood-related traits in this study. Interestingly, the genomic region between 17.9 and 130 Mb on SSC8 was found to be significantly associated with red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Our results include the identification of five significant SNPs within five candidate genes (KIT, IL15, TXK, ARAP2 and ERG) for hematopoiesis. Further validation of these identified SNPs could give valuable information for understanding the variation of hematological traits in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Jung
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
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19
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Yoo JS, Seong WK, Kim TS, Park YK, Oh HB, Yoo CK. Comparative Proteome Analysis of the Outer Membrane Proteins ofin Vitro-Induced Multi-Drug ResistantNeisseria gonorrhoeae. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 51:1171-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb04012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sik Yoo
- Divison of Antimicrobial Resistance, Centers for Infectious Diseases; Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nokbun 5; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Seong
- Division of Biosafety Evaluation and Control; Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nokbun 5; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Soo Kim
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology & Pathology; National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nokbun 5; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Park
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Bok Oh
- Divison of Antimicrobial Resistance, Centers for Infectious Diseases; Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nokbun 5; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Division of Biosafety Evaluation and Control; Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nokbun 5; Seoul Republic of Korea
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20
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Cho IC, Park HB, Yoo CK, Lee GJ, Lim HT, Lee JB, Jung EJ, Ko MS, Lee JH, Jeon JT. QTL analysis of white blood cell, platelet and red blood cell-related traits in an F2 intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs. Anim Genet 2011; 42:621-6. [PMID: 22035003 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Haematological traits play important roles in disease resistance and defence functions. The objective of this study was to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) and the associated positional candidate genes influencing haematological traits in an F(2) intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs. Eight blood-related traits (six erythrocyte traits, one leucocyte trait and one platelet trait) were measured in 816 F(2) progeny. All experimental animals were genotyped with 173 informative microsatellite markers located throughout the pig genome. We report that nine chromosomes harboured QTL for the baseline blood parameters: genomic regions on SSC 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13 and 17. Eight of twenty identified QTL reached genome-wide significance. In addition, we evaluated the KIT locus, an obvious candidate gene locus affecting variation in blood-related traits. Using dense single nucleotide polymorphism marker data on SSC 8 and the marker-assisted association test, the strong association of the KIT locus with blood phenotypes was confirmed. In conclusion, our study identified both previously reported and novel QTL affecting baseline haematological parameters in pigs. Additionally, the positional candidate genes identified here could play an important role in elucidating the genetic architecture of haematological phenotype variation in swine and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju, Korea
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21
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Kim YS, Kim MH, Yoo CK. A new statistical framework for parameter subset selection and optimal parameter estimation in the activated sludge model. J Hazard Mater 2010; 183:441-447. [PMID: 20702037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new model-calibration method has been proposed to solve the problems associated with parameter subset selection and parameter estimation of the activated sludge model (ASM). We propose the use of a statistical methodology for reasonable parameter selection and parameter estimation that consists of sensitivity analysis, similarity measures, hierarchical clustering and response surface methods (RSM). The introduction of effluent quality index (EQI) can reduce all of the outputs of the ASM model into one factor. The EQI was used to calculate a sensitivity matrix. Then, the hierarchical clustering algorithm was used for parameter subset selection. This selection was based on a similarity measure using the sensitivity matrix and was used to reduce the number of model parameters by selecting only one parameter per cluster group (parameter subset selection step). Lastly, a RSM analysis was conducted in order to determine the optimal parameter values. This study was conducted in order to develop a new statistical framework that can greatly reduce the computational effort required to find the optimal solution by reducing the number of parameters. The experimental results indicated that the calibrated model can improve the prediction quality of the ASM model and the efficiency of the modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kim
- Center for Environmental Studies/Green Energy Center, Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 446-701, Republic of Korea
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22
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Abstract
The main objective of this study was to suggest a feasible, effective process for the reduction of sewage sludge using ozone oxidation catalysed by metal ion. A series of lab-scale experiments was conducted to select a suitable catalyst and its proper dose to achieve optimum sludge reduction. Using a central composite design under response surface methodology (RSM), system optimization with respect to sludge reduction and cost-effectiveness was performed by varying the independent parameters: dosages of ozone and ions. Five metal ions, Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, CU2+, and Al3+1, were tested, and the manganese ion showed the highest sludge reduction, as measured by a decrease in total suspended solids. The ozone/Mn combination achieved approximately twice as much sludge reduction as the ozonation alone. Furthermore, the Mn dose of 10 mg/g-TS (total solids) resulted in the highest sludge reduction efficiency among the different doses, which ranged from 0 to 20 mg-Mn/g-TS. The predicted efficiency of sewage sludge reduction using the RSM was found to agree well with the experimental results, and the statistical analyses predicted optimum ranges for the doses of ozone and Mn ions, taking into account the overall cost for sewage sludge treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lee
- School of Architectural Civil & Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Centre for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea
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23
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Abstract
The well-known mathematical modeling and neural networks (NNs) methods have limitations to incorporate the key process characteristics at the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) which are complex, non-stationary, temporal correlation, and nonlinear systems. In this study, a systematic methodology of NNs modeling which can be efficiently included in the key modeling information of the WWTPs is performed by selecting the temporal effect of the hydraulics based on multi-way principal components analysis (MPCA). The proposed method is applied for modeling wastewater quality of a full-scale plant, which is a Daewoo nutrient removal (DNR) process. Through the experimental results in a full-scale plant, the efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated and the prediction capability is highly improved by the inclusion of the hydraulics term due to the optimized structure of neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Kim
- College of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Center for Environmental Studies/Green Energy Center, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Gyeonggi-Do 446-701, South Korea
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24
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Yoo CK, Villez K, Lee IB, Van Hulle S, Vanrolleghem PA. Sensor validation and reconciliation for a partial nitrification process. Water Sci Technol 2006; 53:513-21. [PMID: 16722104 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are notorious for poor data quality and sensor reliability due to the hostile environment in which the measurement equipment has to function. In this paper, a structured residual approach with maximum sensitivity (SRAMS) based on the redundancy of the measurements is used to detect, identify and reconstruct single and multiple sensor faults in a single reactor for high activity ammonia removal over nitrite (SHARON) process. SRAMS is based on inferences, which are insensitive to the faults in the sensor of interest and sensitive to faults in the other sensors. It is used for four types of sensor failure detection: bias, drift, complete failure and precision degradation. The application of sensor validation shows that single and multiple sensor faults can be detected and that the fault magnitude and fault type can be estimated by the reconstruction scheme. This sensor validation method is not limited by the type or application of the considered sensors. The methodology can thus easily be applied for sensor surveillance of other continuously measuring sensors and analysers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Yoo
- BIOMATH, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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25
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Yoo CK, Lee JM, Lee IB, Vanrolleghem PA. Dynamic monitoring system for full-scale wastewater treatment plants. Water Sci Technol 2004; 50:163-171. [PMID: 15685992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a new process monitoring method using dynamic independent component analysis (ICA), ICA is a recently developed technique to extract the hidden factors that underlie sets of measurements, whereas principal component analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction technique in terms of capturing the variance of the data. Its goal is to find a linear representation of non-Gaussian data so that the components are statistically independent. PCA aims at finding PCs that are uncorrelated and are linear combinations of the observed variables, while ICA is designed to separate the ICs that are independent and constitute the observed variables. The dynamic ICA monitoring method is applying ICA to the augmenting matrix with time-lagged variables. The dynamic monitoring method was applied to detect and monitor disturbances in a full-scale biological wastewater treatment (WWTP), which is characterized by a variety of dynamic and non-Gaussian characteristics. The dynamic ICA method showed more powerful monitoring performance on a WWTP application than the dynamic PCA method since it can extract source signals which are independent of time and cross-correlation of variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Yoo
- BIOMATH, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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26
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Lee JM, Yoo CK, Lee IB. New monitoring technique with an ICA algorithm in the wastewater treatment process. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:49-56. [PMID: 12926669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new monitoring method using independent component analysis (ICA) is suggested for the wastewater treatment process (WWTP). ICA is an extension of PCA (Principal Component Analysis). While PCA can only impose independence up to the second order (mean and variance) with constraint on the direction vectors to be orthogonal, ICA imposes statistical independence up to more than second order on the individual component and has no orthogonal condition. When the variables have the Gaussian distribution, PCA itself provides a satisfactory result in monitoring performance. However, the measured variables are not often normally distributed. In this case, ICA can provide better monitoring results than PCA since ICA is based on the assumption that the latent variables are not normally distributed. In this paper, the ICA monitoring algorithm with kernel density estimation was applied to fault detection and diagnosis of the wastewater simulation benchmark. ICA with kernel density estimation gives better results than PCA in disturbance detection in spite of severe periodic features of the wastewater plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyoja Dong, Pohang, P.O. Box 790-784, Korea
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27
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Yoo CK, Choi SW, Lee I. Disturbance detection and isolation in the activated sludge process. Water Sci Technol 2002; 45:217-226. [PMID: 11936637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a new fault detection and isolation (FDI) method. This method monitors the distribution of process data and detects changes in this distribution, which reflect changes in the corresponding operating condition. A modified dissimilarity index and a FDI technique are defined to quantitatively evaluate the difference between data sets. This technique considers the importance of each transformed variable in the multivariate system. The FDI technique is applied to a benchmark simulation and to data from a real wastewater treatment plant. Simulation results show that it immediately detects disturbances and automatically distinguishes between serious and minor anomalies for various types of fault. The method not only detects the disturbances, but also isolates the scale of the disturbance, facilitating the interpretation of the disturbance source. The proposed monitoring technique is found to be appropriate for analyzing the biological wastewater treatment process, which is characterized by a variety of fault and disturbance sources and non-stationary characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- C Choi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Kyounggi Do, Republic of Korea
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29
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Yoo CK, Cho JH, Kwak HJ, Choi SK, Chun HD, Lee I. Closed-loop identification and control application for dissolved oxygen concentration in a full-scale coke wastewater treatment plant. Water Sci Technol 2001; 43:207-214. [PMID: 11385849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to apply a closed-loop identification to actual dissolved oxygen control system in the coke wastewater treatment plant. It approximates the dissolved oxygen dynamics to a high order model using the integral transform method and reduces it to the first-order plus time delay (FOPTD) or second-order plus time delay (SOPTD) for the PID controller tuning. To experiment the process identification on the real plant, a simple set-point change of the speed of surface aerator under the closed-loop control without any mode change was used as an activation signal of the identification. The full-scale experimental results show a good identification performance and a good tracking ability for set-point change. As a result of improved control performance, the fluctuation of dissolved oxygen concentration variation has been decreased and the electric power saving has been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Automation Research Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyoja Dong, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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30
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Kim NG, Yoo CK, Im JJ. A new rehabilitation training system for postural balance control using virtual reality technology. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 1999; 7:482-5. [PMID: 10609636 DOI: 10.1109/86.808952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new rehabilitation training system, designated as a virtual cycling system, was developed to improve postural balance control by combining virtual reality (VR) technology with a bicycle. Several parameters including path deviation, path deviation velocity, cycling time, and head movement were extracted and evaluated to quantify the extent of control. The system was effective as a training device and, in addition, the technology might have a wider applicability to the rehabilitation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Kim
- Department of Bionics, College of Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Korea
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31
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Paik KS, Kim MK, Yoo CK, Whang SM, Kim JB. [An electron microscopy study of the effect of 5-fluorouracil on the fibroblasts of rat periodontal ligament]. Taehan Chikkwa Uisa Hyophoe Chi 1984; 22:531-40. [PMID: 6592281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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