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Kanjira SC, Adams MJ, Yunxuan J, Chao T, Lewis CM, Kuchenbaecker K, McIntosh AM. Polygenic prediction of major depressive disorder and related traits in African ancestries UK Biobank participants. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.24.23300412. [PMID: 38234770 PMCID: PMC10793522 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.24.23300412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) over-represent European ancestries compared to the global population, neglecting all other ancestry groups and low-income nations. Consequently, polygenic risk scores (PRS) more accurately predict complex traits in Europeans than African Ancestries groups. Very few studies have looked at the transferability of European-derived PRS for behavioural and mental health phenotypes to non-Europeans. We assessed the comparative accuracy of PRS for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) trained on European and African Ancestries GWAS studies to predict MDD and related traits in African Ancestries participants from the UK Biobank. Methods UK Biobank participants were selected based on Principal component analysis (PCA) clustering with an African genetic similarity reference population and MDD was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) were computed using PRSice2 using either European or African Ancestries GWAS summary statistics. Results PRS trained on European ancestry samples (246,363 cases) predicted case control status in Africans of the UK Biobank with similar accuracies (190 cases, R2=2%) to PRS trained on far much smaller samples of African Ancestries participants from 23andMe, Inc. (5045 cases, R2=1.8%). This suggests that prediction of MDD status from Africans to Africans had greater efficiency per unit increase in the discovery sample size than prediction of MDD from Europeans to Africans. Prediction of MDD status in African UK Biobank participants using GWAS findings of causal risk factors from European ancestries was non-significant. Conclusion GWAS studies of MDD in European ancestries are an inefficient means of improving polygenic prediction accuracy in African samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Kanjira
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - M J Adams
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - A M McIntosh
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
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2
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Collar JI, Cooper PS, Lewis CM. Search for a Nonrelativistic Boson in Two-Body Antimuon Decay. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:241802. [PMID: 38181129 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.241802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate the feasibility of probing the charged lepton-flavor-violating decay μ^{+}→e^{+}X^{0} for the presence of a slow-moving neutral boson X^{0} capable of undergoing gravitational binding to large structures and, as such, able to participate in some cosmological scenarios. A short exposure to surface antimuons from beam line M20 at TRIUMF generates a branching ratio limit of ≲10^{-5}. This is comparable to or better than previous searches for this channel, although in a thus-far-unexplored region of X^{0} phase space very close to the kinematic limit of the decay, where m_{X^{0}} approaches m_{μ^{+}}. The future improved sensitivity of the method using a customized p-type point-contact germanium detector is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Collar
- Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - P S Cooper
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C M Lewis
- Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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3
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Rojo D, Dal Cengio L, Badner A, Kim S, Sakai N, Greene J, Dierckx T, Mehl LC, Eisinger E, Ransom J, Arellano-Garcia C, Gumma ME, Soyk RL, Lewis CM, Lam M, Weigel MK, Damonte VM, Yalçın B, Jones SE, Ollila HM, Nishino S, Gibson EM. BMAL1 loss in oligodendroglia contributes to abnormal myelination and sleep. Neuron 2023; 111:3604-3618.e11. [PMID: 37657440 PMCID: PMC10873033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Myelination depends on the maintenance of oligodendrocytes that arise from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). We show that OPC-specific proliferation, morphology, and BMAL1 are time-of-day dependent. Knockout of Bmal1 in mouse OPCs during development disrupts the expression of genes associated with circadian rhythms, proliferation, density, morphology, and migration, leading to changes in OPC dynamics in a spatiotemporal manner. Furthermore, these deficits translate into thinner myelin, dysregulated cognitive and motor functions, and sleep fragmentation. OPC-specific Bmal1 loss in adulthood does not alter OPC density at baseline but impairs the remyelination of a demyelinated lesion driven by changes in OPC morphology and migration. Lastly, we show that sleep fragmentation is associated with increased prevalence of the demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a link between MS and sleep that requires further investigation. These findings have broad mechanistic and therapeutic implications for brain disorders that include both myelin and sleep phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rojo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Louisa Dal Cengio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Badner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Noriaki Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacob Greene
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tess Dierckx
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lindsey C Mehl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ella Eisinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julia Ransom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caroline Arellano-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammad E Gumma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca L Soyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cheyanne M Lewis
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mable Lam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maya K Weigel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Valentina Martinez Damonte
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Belgin Yalçın
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erin M Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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4
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Colaresi J, Collar JI, Hossbach TW, Lewis CM, Yocum KM. Measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering from Reactor Antineutrinos. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:211802. [PMID: 36461969 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.211802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The 96.4 day exposure of a 3 kg ultralow noise germanium detector to the high flux of antineutrinos from a power nuclear reactor is described. A very strong preference (p<1.2×10^{-3}) for the presence of a coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) component in the data is found, when compared to a background-only model. No such effect is visible in 25 days of operation during reactor outages. The best-fit CEνNS signal is in good agreement with expectations based on a recent characterization of germanium response to sub-keV nuclear recoils. Deviations of order 60% from the standard model CEνNS prediction can be excluded using present data. Standing uncertainties in models of germanium quenching factor, neutrino energy spectrum, and background are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Colaresi
- Mirion Technologies Canberra, 800 Research Parkway, Meriden, Connecticut 06450, USA
| | - J I Collar
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - T W Hossbach
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - C M Lewis
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - K M Yocum
- Mirion Technologies Canberra, 800 Research Parkway, Meriden, Connecticut 06450, USA
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Espino CM, Lewis CM, Ortiz S, Dalal MS, Garlapalli S, Wells KM, O'Neil DA, Wilkinson KA, Griffith TN. NaV1.1 is essential for proprioceptive signaling and motor behaviors. eLife 2022; 11:79917. [DOI: 10.7554/elife.79917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV), NaV1.1, is well-studied in the central nervous system; conversely, its contribution to peripheral sensory neuron function is more enigmatic. Here, we identify a new role for NaV1.1 in mammalian proprioception. RNAscope analysis and in vitro patch clamp recordings in genetically identified mouse proprioceptors show ubiquitous channel expression and significant contributions to intrinsic excitability. Notably, genetic deletion of NaV1.1 in sensory neurons caused profound and visible motor coordination deficits in conditional knockout mice of both sexes, similar to conditional Piezo2-knockout animals, suggesting this channel is a major contributor to sensory proprioceptive transmission. Ex vivo muscle afferent recordings from conditional knockout mice found that loss of NaV1.1 leads to inconsistent and unreliable proprioceptor firing characterized by action potential failures during static muscle stretch; conversely, afferent responses to dynamic vibrations were unaffected. This suggests that while a combination of Piezo2 and other NaV isoforms are sufficient to elicit activity in response to transient stimuli, NaV1.1 is required for transmission of receptor potentials generated during sustained muscle stretch. Impressively, recordings from afferents of heterozygous conditional knockout animals were similarly impaired, and heterozygous conditional knockout mice also exhibited motor behavioral deficits. Thus, NaV1.1 haploinsufficiency in sensory neurons impairs both proprioceptor function and motor behaviors. Importantly, human patients harboring NaV1.1 loss-of-function mutations often present with motor delays and ataxia; therefore, our data suggest sensory neuron dysfunction contributes to the clinical manifestations of neurological disorders in which NaV1.1 function is compromised. Collectively, we present the first evidence that NaV1.1 is essential for mammalian proprioceptive signaling and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrrus M Espino
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Cheyanne M Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Serena Ortiz
- Department of Biological Science, San Jose State University
| | - Miloni S Dalal
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | - Theanne N Griffith
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis
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6
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Lewis CM, Griffith TN. The mechanisms of cold encoding. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Van der Auwera S, Peyrot WJ, Milaneschi Y, Hertel J, Baune BT, Breen G, Byrne EM, Dunn EC, Fisher HL, Homuth G, Levinson DF, Lewis CM, Mills N, Mullins N, Nauck M, Pistis G, Preisig M, Rietschel M, Ripke S, Sullivan PF, Teumer A, Völzke H, Boomsma DI, Wray NR, Penninx BWJH, Grabe HJ. Genome-wide gene-environment interaction in depression: A systematic evaluation of candidate genes: The childhood trauma working-group of PGC-MDD. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:40-49. [PMID: 29159863 PMCID: PMC5726923 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene by environment (GxE) interaction studies have investigated the influence of a number of candidate genes and variants for major depressive disorder (MDD) on the association between childhood trauma and MDD. Most of these studies are hypothesis driven and investigate only a limited number of SNPs in relevant pathways using differing methodological approaches. Here (1) we identified 27 genes and 268 SNPs previously associated with MDD or with GxE interaction in MDD and (2) analyzed their impact on GxE in MDD using a common approach in 3944 subjects of European ancestry from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium who had completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. (3) We subsequently used the genome-wide SNP data for a genome-wide case-control GxE model and GxE case-only analyses testing for an enrichment of associated SNPs. No genome-wide significant hits and no consistency among the signals of the different analytic approaches could be observed. This is the largest study for systematic GxE interaction analysis in MDD in subjects of European ancestry to date. Most of the known candidate genes/variants could not be supported. Thus, their impact on GxE interaction in MDD may be questionable. Our results underscore the need for larger samples, more extensive assessment of environmental exposures, and greater efforts to investigate new methodological approaches in GxE models for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - WJ Peyrot
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ in Geest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ in Geest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - BT Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G Breen
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, Great Britain,NIHR BRC for Mental Health, King's College London, London, Great Britain
| | - EM Byrne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - EC Dunn
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, US,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, US,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, US
| | - HL Fisher
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, Great Britain
| | - G Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - DF Levinson
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, US
| | - CM Lewis
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, Great Britain,Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, Great Britain
| | - N Mills
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - N Mullins
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, Great Britain
| | - M Nauck
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Pistis
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - M Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Ripke
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, US,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, US,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University medicine Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - PF Sullivan
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, US,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, US
| | - A Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - DI Boomsma
- Dept of Biological Psychology & EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - NR Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - BWJH Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ in Geest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - HJ Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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8
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Verbelen M, Weale ME, Lewis CM. Cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenetic-guided treatment: are we there yet? Pharmacogenomics J 2017; 17:395-402. [PMID: 28607506 PMCID: PMC5637230 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics (PGx) has the potential to personalize pharmaceutical treatments. Many relevant gene-drug associations have been discovered, but PGx-guided treatment needs to be cost-effective as well as clinically beneficial to be incorporated into standard health-care. We reviewed economic evaluations for PGx associations listed in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labeling. We determined the proportion of evaluations that found PGx-guided treatment to be cost-effective or dominant over the alternative strategies, and estimated the impact on this proportion of removing the cost of genetic testing. Of the 137 PGx associations in the FDA table, 44 economic evaluations, relating to 10 drugs, were identified. Of these evaluations, 57% drew conclusions in favour of PGx testing, of which 30% were cost-effective and 27% were dominant (cost-saving). If genetic information was freely available, 75% of economic evaluations would support PGx-guided treatment, of which 25% would be cost-effective and 50% would be dominant. Thus, PGx-guided treatment can be a cost-effective and even a cost-saving strategy. Having genetic information readily available in the clinical health record is a realistic future prospect, and would make more genetic tests economically worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verbelen
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M E Weale
- Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C M Lewis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Scott IC, Ibrahim F, Lewis CM, Scott DL, Strand V. Impact of intensive treatment and remission on health-related quality of life in early and established rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2016; 2:e000270. [PMID: 27651924 PMCID: PMC5013499 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To establish if using intensive treatment to reduce synovitis and attain remission in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) improves all aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods A secondary analysis of two randomised clinical trials (CARDERA and TACIT) was undertaken. CARDERA randomised 467 patients with early active RA to different disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) regimens, including high-dose tapering corticosteroids. TACIT randomised 205 established patients with active RA to combination DMARDs (cDMARDs) or tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors (TNFis). Short-Form 36 (SF-36) measured HRQoL across eight domains, generating physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores. Linear regression evaluated 6-month intensive treatment impacts. Mean SF-36 scores, stratified by end point disease activity category, were compared with age/gender-matched population scores. Results In CARDERA, intensive corticosteroid treatment gave significantly greater improvements in PCS but not MCS scores relative to placebo. In TACIT, all eight SF-36 domains had improvements from baseline exceeding minimal clinically important differences with cDMARDs and TNFis. Significantly greater improvements with TNFi relative to cDMARDs were reported in PCS only (p=0.034), after adjusting for covariates. Remission provided the best SF-36 profiles, but scores in physical functioning, role physical and general health in both trials remained below normative values. Patient global assessment of disease activity had a greater association with HRQoL than other disease activity score (DAS28) components. Conclusions Intensive corticosteroid treatment in early RA improves physical but not mental health, relative to placebo. In established RA, cDMARDs and TNFi provide similar improvements in HRQoL. As remission optimises but fails to normalise HRQoL, a focus on treatment strategies targeting HRQoL is required. Trial registration numbers CARDERA was registered as ISRCTN 32484878. TACIT was registered as ISRCTN 37438295; pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Scott
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - F Ibrahim
- Department of Rheumatology , Weston Education Centre, King's College Hospital , London , UK
| | - C M Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics , King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - D L Scott
- Department of Rheumatology , Weston Education Centre, King's College Hospital , London , UK
| | - V Strand
- Division of Immunology/Rheumatology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto, California , USA
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10
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Verbelen M, Collier DA, Cohen D, MacCabe JH, Lewis CM. Establishing the characteristics of an effective pharmacogenetic test for clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Pharmacogenomics J 2015; 15:461-6. [PMID: 25732907 PMCID: PMC4762904 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine is the only evidence-based therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but it induces agranulocytosis, a rare but potentially fatal haematological adverse reaction, in less than 1% of users. To improve safety, the drug is subject to mandatory haematological monitoring throughout the course of treatment, which is burdensome for the patient and one of the main reasons clozapine is underused. Therefore, a pharmacogenetic test is clinically useful if it identifies a group of patients for whom the agranulocytosis risk is low enough to alleviate monitoring requirements. Assuming a genotypic marker stratifies patients into a high-risk and a low-risk group, we explore the relationship between test sensitivity, group size and agranulocytosis risk. High sensitivity minimizes the agranulocytosis risk in the low-risk group and is essential for clinical utility, in particular in combination with a small high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verbelen
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D A Collier
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Discovery Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd, Lilly Research Laboratories, Erl Wood Manor, Surrey, UK
| | - D Cohen
- Department of Severe Mental Illness, Mental Health Care Organization North-Holland North, Heerhugowaard, The Netherlands
| | - J H MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C M Lewis
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
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11
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Lewis CM, Bosman CA, Fries P. Recording of brain activity across spatial scales. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 32:68-77. [PMID: 25544724 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain activity reveals exquisite coordination across spatial scales, from local microcircuits to brain-wide networks. Understanding how the brain represents, transforms and communicates information requires simultaneous recordings from distributed nodes of whole brain networks with single-cell resolution. Realizing multi-site recordings from communicating populations is hampered by the need to isolate clusters of interacting cells, often on a day-to-day basis. Chronic implantation of multi-electrode arrays allows long-term tracking of activity. Lithography on thin films provides a means to produce arrays of variable resolution, a high degree of flexibility, and minimal tissue displacement. Sequential application of surface arrays to monitor activity across brain-wide networks and subsequent implantation of laminar arrays to target specific populations enables continual refinement of spatial scale while maintaining coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lewis
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | - C A Bosman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, Netherlands; Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Fries
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Boraska V, Franklin CS, Floyd JAB, Thornton LM, Huckins LM, Southam L, Rayner NW, Tachmazidou I, Klump KL, Treasure J, Lewis CM, Schmidt U, Tozzi F, Kiezebrink K, Hebebrand J, Gorwood P, Adan RAH, Kas MJH, Favaro A, Santonastaso P, Fernández-Aranda F, Gratacos M, Rybakowski F, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Kaprio J, Keski-Rahkonen A, Raevuori A, Van Furth EF, Slof-Op 't Landt MCT, Hudson JI, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Knudsen GPS, Monteleone P, Kaplan AS, Karwautz A, Hakonarson H, Berrettini WH, Guo Y, Li D, Schork NJ, Komaki G, Ando T, Inoko H, Esko T, Fischer K, Männik K, Metspalu A, Baker JH, Cone RD, Dackor J, DeSocio JE, Hilliard CE, O'Toole JK, Pantel J, Szatkiewicz JP, Taico C, Zerwas S, Trace SE, Davis OSP, Helder S, Bühren K, Burghardt R, de Zwaan M, Egberts K, Ehrlich S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Herzog W, Imgart H, Scherag A, Scherag S, Zipfel S, Boni C, Ramoz N, Versini A, Brandys MK, Danner UN, de Kovel C, Hendriks J, Koeleman BPC, Ophoff RA, Strengman E, van Elburg AA, Bruson A, Clementi M, Degortes D, Forzan M, Tenconi E, Docampo E, Escaramís G, Jiménez-Murcia S, Lissowska J, Rajewski A, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Slopien A, Hauser J, Karhunen L, Meulenbelt I, Slagboom PE, Tortorella A, Maj M, Dedoussis G, Dikeos D, Gonidakis F, Tziouvas K, Tsitsika A, Papezova H, Slachtova L, Martaskova D, Kennedy JL, Levitan RD, Yilmaz Z, Huemer J, Koubek D, Merl E, Wagner G, Lichtenstein P, Breen G, Cohen-Woods S, Farmer A, McGuffin P, Cichon S, Giegling I, Herms S, Rujescu D, Schreiber S, Wichmann HE, Dina C, Sladek R, Gambaro G, Soranzo N, Julia A, Marsal S, Rabionet R, Gaborieau V, Dick DM, Palotie A, Ripatti S, Widén E, Andreassen OA, Espeseth T, Lundervold A, Reinvang I, Steen VM, Le Hellard S, Mattingsdal M, Ntalla I, Bencko V, Foretova L, Janout V, Navratilova M, Gallinger S, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Aschauer H, Carlberg L, Schosser A, Alfredsson L, Ding B, Klareskog L, Padyukov L, Courtet P, Guillaume S, Jaussent I, Finan C, Kalsi G, Roberts M, Logan DW, Peltonen L, Ritchie GRS, Barrett JC, Estivill X, Hinney A, Sullivan PF, Collier DA, Zeggini E, Bulik CM. A genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1085-94. [PMID: 24514567 PMCID: PMC4325090 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and heritable eating disorder characterized by dangerously low body weight. Neither candidate gene studies nor an initial genome-wide association study (GWAS) have yielded significant and replicated results. We performed a GWAS in 2907 cases with AN from 14 countries (15 sites) and 14 860 ancestrally matched controls as part of the Genetic Consortium for AN (GCAN) and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3 (WTCCC3). Individual association analyses were conducted in each stratum and meta-analyzed across all 15 discovery data sets. Seventy-six (72 independent) single nucleotide polymorphisms were taken forward for in silico (two data sets) or de novo (13 data sets) replication genotyping in 2677 independent AN cases and 8629 European ancestry controls along with 458 AN cases and 421 controls from Japan. The final global meta-analysis across discovery and replication data sets comprised 5551 AN cases and 21 080 controls. AN subtype analyses (1606 AN restricting; 1445 AN binge-purge) were performed. No findings reached genome-wide significance. Two intronic variants were suggestively associated: rs9839776 (P=3.01 × 10(-7)) in SOX2OT and rs17030795 (P=5.84 × 10(-6)) in PPP3CA. Two additional signals were specific to Europeans: rs1523921 (P=5.76 × 10(-)(6)) between CUL3 and FAM124B and rs1886797 (P=8.05 × 10(-)(6)) near SPATA13. Comparing discovery with replication results, 76% of the effects were in the same direction, an observation highly unlikely to be due to chance (P=4 × 10(-6)), strongly suggesting that true findings exist but our sample, the largest yet reported, was underpowered for their detection. The accrual of large genotyped AN case-control samples should be an immediate priority for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boraska
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - C S Franklin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A B Floyd
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - L M Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L M Huckins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Southam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - N W Rayner
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (WTCHG), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [3] Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Oxford, UK
| | - I Tachmazidou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - K L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - U Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Tozzi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Kiezebrink
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Gorwood
- 1] INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France [2] Sainte-Anne Hospital (CMME), University of Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - R A H Adan
- 1] Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - M J H Kas
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - P Santonastaso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - F Fernández-Aranda
- 1] Department of Psychiatry and CIBERON, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gratacos
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Rybakowski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Kaprio
- 1] Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [3] Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - A Raevuori
- 1] Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E F Van Furth
- 1] Center for Eating Disorders Ursula, Leidschendam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M C T Slof-Op 't Landt
- 1] Center for Eating Disorders Ursula, Leidschendam, The Netherlands [2] Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J I Hudson
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - T Reichborn-Kjennerud
- 1] Department of Genetics, Environment and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway [2] Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G P S Knudsen
- Department of Genetics, Environment and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Monteleone
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy [2] Chair of Psychiatry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - A S Kaplan
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Hakonarson
- 1] The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA [2] The Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Guo
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Li
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N J Schork
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Komaki
- 1] Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan [2] School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Ando
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Männik
- 1] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia [2] Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Metspalu
- 1] Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia [2] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R D Cone
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Dackor
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J E DeSocio
- Seattle University College of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C E Hilliard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - J Pantel
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences - Inserm U894, Paris, France
| | - J P Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C Taico
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S E Trace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - O S P Davis
- 1] Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK [2] Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UCL Genetics Institute, London, UK
| | - S Helder
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Bühren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Burghardt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - M de Zwaan
- 1] Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany [2] Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Ehrlich
- 1] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany [2] Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - B Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - W Herzog
- Departments of Psychosocial and Internal Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Imgart
- Parklandklinik, Bad Wildungen, Germany
| | - A Scherag
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Scherag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Zipfel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Boni
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - N Ramoz
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - A Versini
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - M K Brandys
- 1] Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - U N Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - C de Kovel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Hendriks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B P C Koeleman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Ophoff
- 1] Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Strengman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A A van Elburg
- 1] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands [2] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Bruson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Clementi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - D Degortes
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Tenconi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Docampo
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Escaramís
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Murcia
- 1] Department of Psychiatry and CIBERON, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Lissowska
- M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Rajewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - N Szeszenia-Dabrowska
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Slopien
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - L Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - I Meulenbelt
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P E Slagboom
- 1] Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands [2] Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - M Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - G Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - D Dikeos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - F Gonidakis
- Eating Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - K Tziouvas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - A Tsitsika
- Adolescent Health Unit (A.H.U.), 2nd Department of Pediatrics - Medical School, University of Athens 'P. & A. Kyriakou' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - H Papezova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Slachtova
- Department of Pediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Martaskova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J L Kennedy
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R D Levitan
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z Yilmaz
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Huemer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Koubek
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Merl
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Cohen-Woods
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Farmer
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P McGuffin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Cichon
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany [3] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Giegling
- Klinikum der Medizinischen Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S Herms
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Rujescu
- Klinikum der Medizinischen Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H-E Wichmann
- 1] Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany [2] Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Dina
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - R Sladek
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Columbus-Gemelly Hospitals, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - N Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Julia
- Unitat de Recerca de Reumatologia (URR), Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Marsal
- Unitat de Recerca de Reumatologia (URR), Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Rabionet
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Gaborieau
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - D M Dick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Palotie
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [3] The Program for Human and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Ripatti
- 1] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Widén
- 1] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Espeseth
- 1] NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [2] Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Lundervold
- 1] Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway [3] K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - V M Steen
- 1] Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Le Hellard
- 1] Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Mattingsdal
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - V Bencko
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Janout
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Gallinger
- 1] University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Mount Sinai Hospital, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Pinto
- Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Seaver Autism Center, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Aschauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Carlberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Schosser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Alfredsson
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Ding
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine at the Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - L Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine at the Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - P Courtet
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Guillaume
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Jaussent
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Finan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Roberts
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D W Logan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Peltonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - G R S Ritchie
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge
| | - J C Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - X Estivill
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P F Sullivan
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D A Collier
- 1] Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK [2] Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
| | - E Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - C M Bulik
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Corrigan A, Walker JL, Wickramasinghe S, Hernandez MA, Newhouse SJ, Folarin AA, Lewis CM, Sanderson JD, Spicer J, Marinaki AM. Pharmacogenetics of pemetrexed combination therapy in lung cancer: pathway analysis reveals novel toxicity associations. Pharmacogenomics J 2014; 14:411-7. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Li M, Luo XJ, Rietschel M, Lewis CM, Mattheisen M, Müller-Myhsok B, Jamain S, Leboyer M, Landén M, Thompson PM, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Schulze TG, Sullivan PF, Bergen SE, Donohoe G, Morris DW, Hargreaves A, Gill M, Corvin A, Hultman C, Toga AW, Shi L, Lin Q, Shi H, Gan L, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Czamara D, Henry C, Etain B, Bis JC, Ikram MA, Fornage M, Debette S, Launer LJ, Seshadri S, Erk S, Walter H, Heinz A, Bellivier F, Stein JL, Medland SE, Arias Vasquez A, Hibar DP, Franke B, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Su B. Allelic differences between Europeans and Chinese for CREB1 SNPs and their implications in gene expression regulation, hippocampal structure and function, and bipolar disorder susceptibility. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:452-61. [PMID: 23568192 PMCID: PMC3937299 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a polygenic disorder that shares substantial genetic risk factors with major depressive disorder (MDD). Genetic analyses have reported numerous BD susceptibility genes, while some variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CACNA1C have been successfully replicated, many others have not and subsequently their effects on the intermediate phenotypes cannot be verified. Here, we studied the MDD-related gene CREB1 in a set of independent BD sample groups of European ancestry (a total of 64,888 subjects) and identified multiple SNPs significantly associated with BD (the most significant being SNP rs6785[A], P=6.32 × 10(-5), odds ratio (OR)=1.090). Risk SNPs were then subjected to further analyses in healthy Europeans for intermediate phenotypes of BD, including hippocampal volume, hippocampal function and cognitive performance. Our results showed that the risk SNPs were significantly associated with hippocampal volume and hippocampal function, with the risk alleles showing a decreased hippocampal volume and diminished activation of the left hippocampus, adding further evidence for their involvement in BD susceptibility. We also found the risk SNPs were strongly associated with CREB1 expression in lymphoblastoid cells (P<0.005) and the prefrontal cortex (P<1.0 × 10(-6)). Remarkably, population genetic analysis indicated that CREB1 displayed striking differences in allele frequencies between continental populations, and the risk alleles were completely absent in East Asian populations. We demonstrated that the regional prevalence of the CREB1 risk alleles in Europeans is likely caused by genetic hitchhiking due to natural selection acting on a nearby gene. Our results suggest that differential population histories due to natural selection on regional populations may lead to genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to complex diseases, such as BD, and explain inconsistencies in detecting the genetic markers of these diseases among different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X-J Luo
- University of Rochester Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Rietschel
- 1] Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C M Lewis
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Mattheisen
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - S Jamain
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - M Leboyer
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - M Landén
- 1] Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden [2] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Cichon
- 1] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M M Nöthen
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - T G Schulze
- 1] Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany [2] Section on Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - P F Sullivan
- Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S E Bergen
- 1] Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Donohoe
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D W Morris
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Hargreaves
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A W Toga
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Q Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L Gan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - D Czamara
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C Henry
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - B Etain
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - J C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M A Ikram
- 1] Department of Radiology and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] The Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Debette
- 1] Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA [2] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France [3] Department of Epidemiology, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, France
| | - L J Launer
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- 1] Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA [2] The National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - S Erk
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany [2] Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Walter
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany [3] Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Bellivier
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] AP-HP, Hôpital St-Louis-Lariboisière-F Widal, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Paris, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J L Stein
- 1] Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S E Medland
- 1] Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia [2] Quantitative Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Arias Vasquez
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Franke
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - B Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Mahil SK, Arkir Z, Richards G, Lewis CM, Barker JN, Smith CH. Predicting treatment response in psoriasis using serum levels of adalimumab and etanercept: a single-centre, cohort study. Br J Dermatol 2014; 169:306-13. [PMID: 23550925 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial proportion of patients with psoriasis do not respond, or lose initial response to tumour necrosis factor-α antagonists. One possible mechanism relates to subtherapeutic drug levels due to an immunogenic antibody response. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between serum adalimumab and etanercept levels, antidrug antibody levels and clinical response in a cohort of patients with psoriasis using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay. METHODS In a single-centre cohort of 56 adults with chronic plaque psoriasis initiated on adalimumab or etanercept monotherapy between 2009 and 2011, drug and antidrug antibody levels were measured at the patients' routine clinic reviews (4, 12 and 24 weeks of treatment and the last available observation). Patients' responses at 6 months were stratified into responders [75% reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index from baseline (PASI 75) or Physician's Global Assessment score of 'clear' or 'nearly clear'] and nonresponders (failure to achieve PASI 50). RESULTS After 4 weeks, adalimumab levels were significantly higher in responders compared with nonresponders (P = 0·003) and these higher levels were sustained at 12 and 24 weeks. Anti adalimumab antibodies were detected in 25% of nonresponders (two of eight patients, average 22·5 weeks' follow-up) and none of the responders (n = 23, average 26·1 weeks' follow-up). There was no significant association between etanercept levels and clinical response at 4 weeks (P = 0·317) and no antietanercept antibodies were detected. Lack of serum trough levels may have resulted in underestimation of the prevalence of antidrug antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Early adalimumab drug level monitoring at 4 weeks may be useful in predicting treatment response and potentially reduce drug exposure (and associated cost) with earlier review of treatment in those with low levels. No conclusions about the value of etanercept drug monitoring can be made due to the paucity of data. Larger studies are now required to assess the clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of these assays in personalizing therapy in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mahil
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Power RA, Wingenbach T, Cohen-Woods S, Uher R, Ng MY, Butler AW, Ising M, Craddock N, Owen MJ, Korszun A, Jones L, Jones I, Gill M, Rice JP, Maier W, Zobel A, Mors O, Placentino A, Rietschel M, Lucae S, Holsboer F, Binder EB, Keers R, Tozzi F, Muglia P, Breen G, Craig IW, Müller-Myhsok B, Kennedy JL, Strauss J, Vincent JB, Lewis CM, Farmer AE, McGuffin P. Estimating the heritability of reporting stressful life events captured by common genetic variants. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1965-1971. [PMID: 23237013 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712002589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although usually thought of as external environmental stressors, a significant heritable component has been reported for measures of stressful life events (SLEs) in twin studies. Method We examined the variance in SLEs captured by common genetic variants from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 2578 individuals. Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) was used to estimate the phenotypic variance tagged by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also performed a GWAS on the number of SLEs, and looked at correlations between siblings. RESULTS A significant proportion of variance in SLEs was captured by SNPs (30%, p = 0.04). When events were divided into those considered to be dependent or independent, an equal amount of variance was explained for both. This 'heritability' was in part confounded by personality measures of neuroticism and psychoticism. A GWAS for the total number of SLEs revealed one SNP that reached genome-wide significance (p = 4 × 10-8), although this association was not replicated in separate samples. Using available sibling data for 744 individuals, we also found a significant positive correlation of R 2 = 0.08 in SLEs (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These results provide independent validation from molecular data for the heritability of reporting environmental measures, and show that this heritability is in part due to both common variants and the confounding effect of personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Power
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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17
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Powell NM, Lewis CM, Berry ST, Maccormack R, Boyd LA. Stripe rust resistance genes in the UK winter wheat cultivar Claire. Theor Appl Genet 2013; 126:1599-612. [PMID: 23536048 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust resistance in the winter wheat cultivar Claire had remained effective in the UK and Europe since its release in 1999 and consequently has been used extensively in wheat breeding programs. However, in 2012, reports indicated that this valuable resistance may now have been compromised. To characterise stripe rust resistance in Claire and determine which genes may still confer effective resistance a cross was made between Claire and the stripe rust susceptible cultivar Lemhi. A genetic linkage map, constructed using SSR, AFLP, DArT and NBS-AFLP markers had a total map length of 1,730 cM. To improve the definition of two quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified on the long arm of chromosome 2D further markers were developed from wheat EST. Stripe rust resistance was evaluated on adult plants under field and glasshouse conditions by measuring the extent of fungal growth and sporulation, percentage infection (Pi) and the necrotic/chlorotic responses of the plant to infection, infection type (IT). Four QTL contributing to stripe rust adult plant resistance (APR) were identified in Claire, QYr.niab-2D.1, QYr.niab-2D.2, QYr.niab-2B and QYr.niab-7B. For Pi QYr.niab-2D.1 explained up to 25.4 % of the phenotypic variation, QYr.niab-2D.2 up to 28.7 %, QYr.niab-2B up to 21.7 % and QYr.niab-7B up to 13.0 %. For IT the percentages of phenotypic variation explained were 23.4, 31.8, 17.2 and 12.6 %, respectively. In addition to the four QTL conferring APR in Claire, a race-specific, seedling expressed resistance gene was identified on chromosome 3B.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Powell
- CSIRO, Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Harvey RD, Owonikoko TK, Lewis CM, Akintayo A, Chen Z, Tighiouart M, Ramalingam SS, Fanucchi MP, Nadella P, Rogatko A, Shin DM, El-Rayes B, Khuri FR, Kauh JS. A phase 1 Bayesian dose selection study of bortezomib and sunitinib in patients with refractory solid tumor malignancies. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:762-5. [PMID: 23322195 PMCID: PMC3590658 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase 1 trial utilising a Bayesian continual reassessment method evaluated bortezomib and sunitinib to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), and recommended doses of the combination. METHODS Patients with advanced solid organ malignancies were enrolled and received bortezomib weekly with sunitinib daily for 4 weeks, every 6 weeks. Initial doses were sunitinib 25 mg and bortezomib 1 mg m(-2). Cohort size and dose level estimation was performed utilising the Escalation with Overdose Control (EWOC) adaptive method. Seven dose levels were evaluated; initially, sunitinib was increased to a goal dose of 50 mg with fixed bortezomib, then bortezomib was increased. Efficacy assessment occurred after each cycle using RECIST criteria. RESULTS Thirty patients were evaluable. During sunitinib escalation, DLTs of grade 4 thrombocytopenia (14%) and neutropenia (6%) at sunitinib 50 mg and bortezomib 1.3 mg m(-2) were seen. Subsequent experience showed tolerability and activity for sunitinib 37.5 mg and bortezomib 1.9 mg m(-2). Common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hypertension, and diarrhoea. The recommended doses for further study are bortezomib 1.9 mg m(-2) and sunitinib 37.5 mg. Four partial responses were seen. Stable disease >6 months was noted in an additional six patients. CONCLUSION Bortezomib and sunitinib are well tolerated and have anticancer activity, particularly in thyroid cancer. A phase 2 study of this combination in thyroid cancer patients is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Harvey
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Rivera M, Cohen-Woods S, Kapur K, Breen G, Ng MY, Butler AW, Craddock N, Gill M, Korszun A, Maier W, Mors O, Owen MJ, Preisig M, Bergmann S, Tozzi F, Rice J, Rietschel M, Rucker J, Schosser A, Aitchison KJ, Uher R, Craig IW, Lewis CM, Farmer AE, McGuffin P. Depressive disorder moderates the effect of the FTO gene on body mass index. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:604-11. [PMID: 21502950 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that obesity-related disorders are increased among people with depression. Variation in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene has been shown to contribute to common forms of human obesity. This study aimed to investigate the genetic influence of polymorphisms in FTO in relation to body mass index (BMI) in two independent samples of major depressive disorder (MDD) cases and controls. We analysed 88 polymorphisms in the FTO gene in a clinically ascertained sample of 2442 MDD cases and 809 controls (Radiant Study). In all, 8 of the top 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing the strongest associations with BMI were followed-up in a population-based cohort (PsyCoLaus Study) consisting of 1292 depression cases and 1690 controls. Linear regression analyses of the FTO variants and BMI yielded 10 SNPs significantly associated with increased BMI in the depressive group but not the control group in the Radiant sample. The same pattern was found in the PsyCoLaus sample. We found a significant interaction between genotype and affected status in relation to BMI for seven SNPs in Radiant (P<0.0057), with PsyCoLaus giving supportive evidence for five SNPs (P-values between 0.03 and 0.06), which increased in significance when the data were combined in a meta-analysis. This is the first study investigating FTO and BMI within the context of MDD, and the results indicate that having a history of depression moderates the effect of FTO on BMI. This finding suggests that FTO is involved in the mechanism underlying the association between mood disorders and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rivera
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
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20
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Scott IC, Steer S, Lewis CM, Cope AP. Precipitating and perpetuating factors of rheumatoid arthritis immunopathology: linking the triad of genetic predisposition, environmental risk factors and autoimmunity to disease pathogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2012; 25:447-68. [PMID: 22137917 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered to occur when genetic and environmental factors interact to trigger immunopathological changes and consequently an inflammatory arthritis. Over the last few decades, epidemiological and genetic studies have identified a large number of risk factors for RA development, the most prominent of which comprise cigarette smoking and the shared epitope alleles. These risks appear to differ substantially between anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACPA)-positive and ACPA-negative disease. In this article, we will summarise the risk factors for RA development that have currently been identified, outlining the specific gene-environment and gene-gene interactions that may occur to precipitate and perpetuate autoimmunity and RA. We will also focus on how this knowledge of risk factors for RA may be implemented in the future to identify individuals at a high risk of disease development in whom preventative strategies may be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Scott
- Department of Rheumatology, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK.
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Eley TC, Hudson JL, Creswell C, Tropeano M, Lester KJ, Cooper P, Farmer A, Lewis CM, Lyneham HJ, Rapee RM, Uher R, Zavos HMS, Collier DA. Therapygenetics: the 5HTTLPR and response to psychological therapy. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:236-7. [PMID: 22024766 PMCID: PMC3272476 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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22
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Wray NR, Pergadia ML, Blackwood DHR, Penninx BWJH, Gordon SD, Nyholt DR, Ripke S, MacIntyre DJ, McGhee KA, Maclean AW, Smit JH, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Middeldorp CM, de Geus EJC, Lewis CM, McGuffin P, Hickie IB, van den Oord EJCG, Liu JZ, Macgregor S, McEvoy BP, Byrne EM, Medland SE, Statham DJ, Henders AK, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Boomsma DI, Madden PAF, Sullivan PF. Genome-wide association study of major depressive disorder: new results, meta-analysis, and lessons learned. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:36-48. [PMID: 21042317 PMCID: PMC3252611 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common complex disorder with a partly genetic etiology. We conducted a genome-wide association study of the MDD2000+ sample (2431 cases, 3673 screened controls and >1 M imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)). No SNPs achieved genome-wide significance either in the MDD2000+ study, or in meta-analysis with two other studies totaling 5763 cases and 6901 controls. These results imply that common variants of intermediate or large effect do not have main effects in the genetic architecture of MDD. Suggestive but notable results were (a) gene-based tests suggesting roles for adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3, 2p23.3) and galanin (GAL, 11q13.3); published functional evidence relates both of these to MDD and serotonergic signaling; (b) support for the bipolar disorder risk variant SNP rs1006737 in CACNA1C (P=0.020, odds ratio=1.10); and (c) lack of support for rs2251219, a SNP identified in a meta-analysis of affective disorder studies (P=0.51). We estimate that sample sizes 1.8- to 2.4-fold greater are needed for association studies of MDD compared with those for schizophrenia to detect variants that explain the same proportion of total variance in liability. Larger study cohorts characterized for genetic and environmental risk factors accumulated prospectively are likely to be needed to dissect more fully the etiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Wray
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M L Pergadia
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - D H R Blackwood
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Biological Psychology and Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S D Gordon
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D R Nyholt
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Ripke
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D J MacIntyre
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K A McGhee
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A W Maclean
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J H Smit
- Department of Biological Psychology and Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology and Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology and Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M Middeldorp
- Department of Biological Psychology and Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology and Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - P McGuffin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - I B Hickie
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E J C G van den Oord
- Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J Z Liu
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Macgregor
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - B P McEvoy
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - E M Byrne
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S E Medland
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D J Statham
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A K Henders
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - G W Montgomery
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Psychiatric Genetics and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology and Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - P F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Natarajan A, Strandvik GF, Pattanayak R, Chakithandy S, Passalacqua AM, Lewis CM, Morley AP. Effect of ethnicity on the hypnotic and cardiovascular characteristics of propofol induction. Anaesthesia 2010; 66:15-9. [PMID: 21114475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We compared the propofol dose causing loss of verbal response and suppression of bispectral index to 50, between 50 white and 50 black patients, aged 18-65 years. Propofol was administered at 40 mg.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹ and reduced to 8 mg.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹ when bispectral index fell to 50. We recorded heart rate and mean arterial pressure for 15 min in total and calculated, for this period, maximal percentage change from baseline for each. A statistician, blinded to patient ethnicity, found mean (SD) propofol dose for loss of verbal response in white and black patients to be 1.41 (0.37) mg.kg⁻¹ and 1.16 (0.25) mg.kg⁻¹, respectively (p < 0.001). Corresponding figures for maximal percentage change in heart rate were 14.1 (12.6) % and 7.5 (14.0) % (p = 0.015). Other differences were non-significant. The dose of propofol required for loss of verbal response, but not for suppression of bispectral index to 50, is lower in black than in white patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Natarajan
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Perroud N, Uher R, Ng MYM, Guipponi M, Hauser J, Henigsberg N, Maier W, Mors O, Gennarelli M, Rietschel M, Souery D, Dernovsek MZ, Stamp AS, Lathrop M, Farmer A, Breen G, Aitchison KJ, Lewis CM, Craig IW, McGuffin P. Genome-wide association study of increasing suicidal ideation during antidepressant treatment in the GENDEP project. Pharmacogenomics J 2010; 12:68-77. [PMID: 20877300 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal thoughts during antidepressant treatment have been the focus of several candidate gene association studies. The aim of the present genome-wide association study was to identify additional genetic variants involved in increasing suicidal ideation during escitalopram and nortriptyline treatment. A total of 706 adult participants of European ancestry, treated for major depression with escitalopram or nortriptyline over 12 weeks in the Genome-Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) study were genotyped with Illumina Human 610-Quad Beadchips (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). A total of 244 subjects experienced an increase in suicidal ideation during follow-up. The genetic marker most significantly associated with increasing suicidality (8.28 × 10(-7)) was a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs11143230) located 30 kb downstream of a gene encoding guanine deaminase (GDA) on chromosome 9q21.13. Two suggestive drug-specific associations within KCNIP4 (Kv channel-interacting protein 4; chromosome 4p15.31) and near ELP3 (elongation protein 3 homolog; chromosome 8p21.1) were found in subjects treated with escitalopram. Suggestive drug by gene interactions for two SNPs near structural variants on chromosome 4q12, one SNP in the apolipoprotein O (APOO) gene on chromosome Xp22.11 and one on chromosome 11q24.3 were found. The most significant association within a set of 33 candidate genes was in the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) gene. Finally, we also found trend for an association within genes previously associated with psychiatric phenotypes indirectly linked to suicidal behavior, that is, GRIP1, NXPH1 and ANK3. The results suggest novel pathways involved in increasing suicidal ideation during antidepressant treatment and should help to target treatment to reduce the risk of this dramatic adverse event. Limited power precludes definitive conclusions and replication in larger sample is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Perroud
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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25
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Emerson R, Lewis CM. THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY OF PHYCOCYANIN IN CHROOCOCCUS, AND THE PROBLEM OF CAROTENOID PARTICIPATION IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 25:579-95. [PMID: 19873297 PMCID: PMC2142519 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.25.4.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The absorption spectra of the principal pigment components extracted from Chroococcus cells have been measured, and their sum compared with the absorption of a suspension of living cells. The agreement was sufficiently close so that it was concluded the absorption spectra of the extracted and separated pigment components could be used to obtain estimates of the relative absorption of the various components in the living cells. The quantum yield of Chroococcus photosynthesis was measured at a succession of wave lengths throughout the visible spectrum, and the dependence of yield on wave length was compared with the proportions of light absorbed by the pigment components. This comparison showed beyond reasonable doubt that the light absorbed by phycocyanin is utilized in photosynthesis with an efficiency approximately equal to that of the light absorbed by chlorophyll. The light absorbed by the carotenoid pigments of Chroococcus seems for the most part to be unavailable for photosynthesis. The results leave open the possibility that light absorbed by the carotenoids is active in photosynthesis, but with an efficiency considerably lower than that of chlorophyll and phycocyanin. It is also possible that the light absorbed by one or a few of the several carotenoid components is utilized with a high efficiency, while the light absorbed by most of the components is lost for photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Emerson
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Division of Plant Biology, Stanford University
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Perroud N, Jaussent I, Guillaume S, Bellivier F, Baud P, Jollant F, Leboyer M, Lewis CM, Malafosse A, Courtet P. COMT but not serotonin-related genes modulates the influence of childhood abuse on anger traits. Genes Brain Behav 2009; 9:193-202. [PMID: 20002200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anger-related traits are regulated by genes as well as early environmental factors. Both childhood maltreatment and genes underlie vulnerability to suicidal behaviors, possibly by affecting the constitution of intermediate phenotypes such as anger traits. The aim of this study was to test the interaction between nine candidate genes and childhood maltreatment in modulating anger-related traits in 875 adult suicide attempters. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were used to examine anger traits and traumatic childhood experiences, respectively. The functional polymorphism of the catecholamine-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) gene Val158Met significantly modulated the association between sexual abuse and anger-trait level (P = 0.001). In the presence of sexual abuse, individuals carrying the Val high-activity allele displayed greater disposition toward anger than individuals homozygous for the Met allele (P = 0.0003). Notably, none of the serotonin-related genes influenced the effect of childhood abuse on anger traits. The results of the present study suggest that anger-trait level is influenced by the interaction between childhood abuse and functional polymorphism in the COMT gene. This study was carried out in a population with a high frequency of childhood abuse and a high disposition toward anger, and replication in healthy subjects is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Perroud
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Hôpital Belle-Idée, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Smith MA, Marinaki AM, Arenas M, Shobowale-Bakre M, Lewis CM, Ansari A, Duley J, Sanderson JD. Novel pharmacogenetic markers for treatment outcome in azathioprine-treated inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 30:375-84. [PMID: 19500084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azathioprine (AZA) pharmacogenetics are complex and much studied. Genetic polymorphism in TPMT is known to influence treatment outcome. Xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase (XDH) and aldehyde oxidase (AO) compete with TPMT to inactivate AZA. AIM To assess whether genetic polymorphism in AOX1, XDH and MOCOS (the product of which activates the essential cofactor for AO and XDH) is associated with AZA treatment outcome in IBD. METHODS Real-time PCR was conducted for a panel of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in AOX1, XDH and MOCOS using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays in a prospective cohort of 192 patients receiving AZA for IBD. RESULTS Single nucleotide polymorphism AOX1 c.3404A > G (Asn1135Ser, rs55754655) predicted lack of AZA response (P = 0.035, OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.06-6.13) and when combined with TPMT activity, this information allowed stratification of a patient's chance of AZA response, ranging from 86% in patients where both markers were favourable to 33% where they were unfavourable (P < 0.0001). We also demonstrated a weak protective effect against adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from SNPs XDH c.837C > T (P = 0.048, OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.05-1.05) and MOCOS c.2107A > C, (P = 0.058 in recessive model, OR 0.64, 95%CI 0.36-1.15), which was stronger where they coincided (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION These findings have important implications for clinical practice and our understanding of AZA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Smith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Lewis CM, Baldassarre A, Committeri G, Romani GL, Corbetta M. Perceptual Learning Modifies Resting Directional Interaction between Visual Cortex and Dorsal Attention Network. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Lewis CM, Bu D, Euhus DM. Obesity, insulin resistance and oxidative stress: implication for breast carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #6025
Background: Obesity is associated with a modest increase in the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (RR = 1.5 – 2.0); but, because nearly a third of the U.S. population is obese, the population attributable risk is estimated at 15%. Obesity can cause insulin resistance culminating in Type II diabetes. Notably, breast cancer incidence is significantly increased in the years preceding a diagnosis of type II diabetes. Because IGFBP-1 expression is tightly regulated by insulin, it is an excellent marker of insulin resistance in healthy individuals.
 Methods: These data are based on well-annotated prospectively acquired baseline blood and breast tissue samples from 72 high risk women between the ages of 37 and 86 years who participated in a chemoprevention trial. None of the women had been diagnosed with Type II diabetes. Women with plasma IGFBP1 levels in the lowest tertile (mean 2.1 ng/ml) were classified as insulin-resistant.
 Results: Plasma IGFBP1 was strongly inversely correlated with BMI (R2 = 0.247, P < 0.0001). Insulin-resistant women had marginally higher mean plasma free estradiol levels than women not classified as insulin-resistant (2.13 x 10-12M versus 1.53 x 10-12M, P = 0.072). There was no difference in plasma IGF1, IGF2, or IGFBP3 levels. Illumina whole genome expression microarray data was available for breast tissue from 55 women. Women classified as insulin-resistant showed evidence of an adaptive response to oxidative stress based on significant upregulation of NQO1, GSTK1, CYP4ZP2, and SRXN1 (P < 0.001).
 Conclusions: Marginally increased circulating estradiol may contribute to the increased breast cancer risk observed in insulin-resistant women. However, insulin resistance increases oxidative stress in breast tissue and may promote carcinogenesis through induction of oxidative DNA damage.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6025.
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Affiliation(s)
- CM Lewis
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - D Bu
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - DM Euhus
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Abstract
The etiology of ectopic canines is controversial, with opinion divided as to a genetic or environmental mechanism. This study addressed the hypothesis that genetic factors play a role in the etiology of ectopic maxillary canines. Sixty-three probands were identified, and information on the dental status of 395 relatives was determined. Pedigrees were constructed and the Relative Risk calculated. Complex segregation analysis was carried out by means of the Pedigree Analysis Package. The best mathematical model obtained was a single dominant gene with autosomal transmission, incomplete penetrance, and highly variable expression. Only two of seven pairs of monozygotic twins were concordant for ectopic canines. This is consistent with environmental or epigenetic variables affecting the phenotype. The low concordance rate is consistent with the low penetrance determined by the segregation analysis and further supports the existence of environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Camilleri
- Department of Orthodontics, Kings College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, London, UK.
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Lewis CM, Whitwell SCL, Forbes A, Sanderson J, Mathew CG, Marteau TM. Estimating risks of common complex diseases across genetic and environmental factors: the example of Crohn disease. J Med Genet 2007; 44:689-94. [PMID: 17660460 PMCID: PMC2752174 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.051672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progress has been made in identifying mutations that confer susceptibility to complex diseases, with the prospect that these genetic risks might be used in determining individual disease risk. AIM To use Crohn disease (CD) as a model of a common complex disorder, and to develop methods to estimate disease risks using both genetic and environmental risk factors. METHODS The calculations used three independent risk factors: CARD15 genotype (conferring a gene dosage effect on risk), smoking (twofold increased risk for smokers), and residual familial risk (estimating the effect of unidentified genes, after accounting for the contribution of CARD15). Risks were estimated for high-risk people who are siblings, parents and offspring of a patient with CD. RESULTS The CD risk to the sibling of a patient with CD who smokes and carries two CARD15 mutations is approximately 35%, which represents a substantial increase on the population risk of 0.1%. In contrast, the risk to a non-smoking sibling of a patient with CD who carries no CARD15 mutations is 2%. Risks to parents and offspring were lower. CONCLUSIONS High absolute risks of CD disease can be obtained by incorporating information on smoking, family history and CARD15 mutations. Behaviour modification through smoking cessation may reduce CD risk in these people.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK.
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32
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Forabosco P, Gorman JD, Cleveland C, Kelly JA, Fisher SA, Ortmann WA, Johansson C, Johanneson B, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Tsao BP, Cantor RM, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Behrens TW, Harley JB, Lewis CM, Criswell LA. Meta-analysis of genome-wide linkage studies of systemic lupus erythematosus. Genes Immun 2006; 7:609-14. [PMID: 16971955 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A genetic contribution to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is well established. Several genome-wide linkage scans have identified a number of putative susceptibility loci for SLE, some of which have been replicated in independent samples. This study aimed to identify the regions showing the most consistent evidence for linkage by applying the genome scan meta-analysis (GSMA) method. The study identified two genome-wide suggestive regions on 6p21.1-q15 and 20p11-q13.13 (P-value=0.0056 and P-value=0.0044, respectively) and a region with P-value<0.01 on 16p13-q12.2. The region on chromosome 6 contains the human leukocyte antigen cluster, and the chromosome 16 and 20 regions have been replicated in several cohorts. The potential importance of the identified genomic regions are also highlighted. These results, in conjunction with data emerging from dense single nucleotide polymorphism typing of specific regions or future genome-wide association studies will help guide efforts to identify the actual predisposing genetic variation contributing to this complex genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Forabosco
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- W V Houston
- Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics, California Institute of Technology
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Onnie C, Fisher SA, King K, Mirza M, Roberts R, Forbes A, Sanderson J, Lewis CM, Mathew CG. Sequence variation, linkage disequilibrium and association with Crohn's disease on chromosome 5q31. Genes Immun 2006; 7:359-65. [PMID: 16724073 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 5q31 contains a cluster of genes involved in immune response, including a 250 kb risk haplotype associated with Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility. Recently, two functional variants in SLC22A4 and SLC22A5 (L503F and G-207C), encoding the cation transporters OCTN1 and OCTN2, were proposed as causal variants for CD, but with conflicting genetic evidence regarding their contribution. We investigated this locus by resequencing the coding regions of 10 genes in 24 CD cases and deriving a linkage disequilibrium (LD) map of the 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected. Ten SNPs representative of the LD groups observed, were tested for CD association. L503F in SLC22A4 was the only nonsynonymous SNP significantly associated with CD (P=0.003), but was not associated with disease in the absence of other markers of the 250 kb risk haplotype. Two other SNPs, rs11242115 in IRF1 and rs17166050 in RAD50, lying outside the 250 kb risk haplotype, also showed CD association (P=0.019 and P=0.0080, respectively). The RAD50 gene contains a locus control region regulating expression of the Th2 cytokine genes at this locus. Other as yet undiscovered SNPs in this region may therefore modulate gene expression and contribute to the risk of CD, and perhaps of other inflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Onnie
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Prescott NJ, Fisher SA, Onnie C, Pattni R, Steer S, Sanderson J, Forbes A, Lewis CM, Mathew CG. A general autoimmunity gene (PTPN22) is not associated with inflammatory bowel disease in a British population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 66:318-20. [PMID: 16185328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A single-nucleotide polymorphism (C1858T) causing an amino acid substitution (R620W) in the lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase gene PTPN22 has been implicated in type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Graves' disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thus revealing a general role for this gene in autoimmune disease. We investigated the association of the C1858T variant in an additional autoimmune disease population by performing a case-control study of 514 British individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [294 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 220 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 374 normal controls. No significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies were observed between IBD, CD or UC and controls, indicating that PTPN22 does not influence risk of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Prescott
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Abstract
Selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is a problem of primary importance in association studies and several approaches have been proposed. However, none provides a satisfying answer to the problem of how many SNPs should be selected, and how this should depend on the pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the region under consideration. Moreover, SNP selection is usually considered as independent from deciding the sample size of the study. However, when resources are limited there is a tradeoff between the study size and the number of SNPs to genotype. We show that tuning the SNP density to the LD pattern can be achieved by looking for the best solution to this tradeoff. Our approach consists of formulating SNP selection as an optimization problem: the objective is to maximize the power of the final association study, whilst keeping the total costs below a given budget. We also propose two alternative algorithms for the solution of this optimization problem: a genetic algorithm and a hill climbing search. These standard techniques efficiently find good solutions, even when the number of possible SNPs to choose from is large. We compare the performance of these two algorithms on different chromosomal regions and show that, as expected, the selected SNPs reflect the LD pattern: the optimal SNP density varies dramatically between chromosomal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pardi
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Mirza MM, Fisher SA, Onnie C, Lewis CM, Mathew CG, Sanderson J, Forbes A. No association of the NFKB1 promoter polymorphism with ulcerative colitis in a British case control cohort. Gut 2005; 54:1205-6. [PMID: 16009698 PMCID: PMC1774886 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2005.070029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ameen M, Allen MH, Fisher SA, Lewis CM, Cuthbert A, Kondeatis E, Vaughan RW, Murakami H, Nakagawa H, Barker JNWN. Corneodesmosin (CDSN) gene association with psoriasis vulgaris in Caucasian but not in Japanese populations. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005; 30:414-8. [PMID: 15953084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PSORS1 on chromosome 6p21.3, which contains the MHC, is a major susceptibility locus for psoriasis vulgaris. This region is characterized by strong linkage disequilibrium and contains the corneodesmosin (CSDN) gene, an attractive candidate for psoriasis susceptibility based on its putative biological function in keratinocyte adhesion, and HLA-Cw6, an established marker for psoriasis susceptibility. We compared two genetically independent populations in order to define the major psoriasis susceptibility gene, a British Caucasian population comprising parent-offspring trios analysed by the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and a Japanese case-control population. All individuals were investigated for CDSN polymorphism (+619, +1236, +1240 and +1243) and HLA-C association. Our data confirms strong association with HLA-Cw6 and CDSN allele 5 (+619T, +1240G, +1243C) in the Caucasian cohort (TDT, P = 5.4 x 10(-6)) and in addition defines this region further by identifying a high-risk CDSN haplotype (allele 5 and +1236T, P = 8.5 x 10(-8)). In contrast no association was observed in the Japanese cohort for any HLA-C or CDSN alleles. This data supports a role for the CDSN gene in Caucasian populations with psoriasis. However the lack of association with HLA-Cw6 and CDSN alleles in Japanese psoriasis patients may be because Japanese patients exhibit a form of psoriasis similar to late onset or Type II psoriasis vulgaris in contrast to early onset or Type I disease characterizing our Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ameen
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Kings College, London, UK
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Marinaki AM, Duley JA, Arenas M, Ansari A, Sumi S, Lewis CM, Shobowale-Bakre M, Fairbanks LD, Sanderson J. Mutation in the ITPA gene predicts intolerance to azathioprine. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2004; 23:1393-7. [PMID: 15571265 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200027639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase) deficiency occurs with polymorphic frequencies in Caucasians and results in the benign accumulation of the inosine nucleotide ITP. In 62 patients treated with azathioprine for inflammatory bowel disease, the ITPA 94C>A deficiency-associated allele was significantly associated with adverse drug reactions (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.6-11.5, p = 0.0034). Significant associations were found for flu-like symptoms (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.2-18.1, p = 0.0308), rash (OR 10.3, 95% CI 4.7-62.9, p = 0.0213) and pancreatitis (OR 6.2, CI 1.1-32.6, p = 0.0485). Polymorphism in the ITPA gene thus predicts AZA intolerance. Alternative immunosuppressive drugs, particularly 6-thioguanine, should be considered for AZA-intolerant patients with ITPase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Marinaki
- Purine Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Cuthbert AP, Fisher SA, Lewis CM, Mathew CG, Sanderson J, Forbes A. Genetic association between EPHX1 and Crohn's disease: population stratification, genotyping error, or random chance? Gut 2004; 53:1386. [PMID: 15306604 PMCID: PMC1774173 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.032946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Abstract
Association studies for disease susceptibility genes rely on the high density of SNPs within candidate genes. However, the linkage disequilibrium between SNPs imply that not all SNPs identified in the candidate region need be genotyped. Here we develop several approaches to SNP subset selection, which can substantially reduce the number of SNPs to be genotyped in an association study. We apply clustering algorithms to pairwise linkage disequilibrium measures, with SNP subsets determined for different cut-off values of Delta using nearest and furthest neighbour clusters. Alternatively, SNP subsets may be determined by the proportion of haplotypes they identify. We also show how power calculations, based on the average power to identify a SNP as the disease susceptibility mutation using haplotype-based or logistic regression based statistical analyses, can be used to choose SNP subsets. All these methods provide a ranking method for subsets of a specific size, but do not provide criteria for overall choice of SNP subset size. We develop such criteria by incorporating power calculations into a decision analysis, where the choice of SNP subset size depends on the genotyping costs and the perceived benefits of identifying association. These methods are illustrated using eleven SNPs in the MMP2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Byng
- Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK
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Fisher SA, Moody A, Mirza MM, Cuthbert AP, Hampe J, Macpherson A, Sanderson J, Forbes A, Mansfield J, Schreiber S, Lewis CM, Mathew CG. Genetic variation at the chromosome 16 chemokine gene cluster: development of a strategy for association studies in complex disease. Ann Hum Genet 2003; 67:377-90. [PMID: 12940913 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine gene cluster [CCL22, CX3CL1, CCL17] (previously known as [SCYA22, SCYD1, SCYA17]) is a candidate locus for one of the susceptibility genes for inflammatory bowel disease that are located in the peri-centromeric region of chromosome 16. Screening for sequence variation at this locus led to the detection of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). An efficient experimental and computational approach was developed to estimate allele frequencies and pairwise linkage disequilibrium relationships between SNPs at this locus, and to test them for association with inflammatory bowel disease. The 12 common SNPs were assigned to 5 distinct linkage disequilibrium groups. Genotyping of one SNP from each linkage disequilibrium group in a large cohort of families with inflammatory bowel disease did not provide convincing evidence of association with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. We describe an efficient experimental design from SNP screening to association testing. This strategy can be used to test candidate genes for involvement in susceptibility to complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Fisher
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK.
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King K, Moody A, Fisher SA, Mirza MM, Cuthbert AP, Hampe J, Sutherland-Craggs A, Sanderson J, MacPherson AJ, Forbes A, Mansfield J, Schreiber S, Lewis CM, Mathew CG. Genetic variation in the IGSF6 gene and lack of association with inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Immunogenet 2003; 30:187-90. [PMID: 12786995 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2370.2003.00387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin superfamily 6 gene (IGSF6) on chromosome 16p11-p12 has been investigated as a positional and functional candidate for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility. Screening of the six exons of IGSF6 for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected four novel SNPs, and validated three of six SNPs listed in the international SNP database (dbSNP). The seven SNPs in IGSF6 formed five distinct linkage disequilibrium groups. There was no evidence for association of the common SNPs with disease in a large cohort of patients with IBD. The novel SNPs and the linkage disequilibrium map will be a useful resource for the analysis of IGSF6 in other immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K King
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics & Development, Guy's, King's & St. Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Fisher SA, Lanchbury JS, Lewis CM. Meta-analysis of four rheumatoid arthritis genome-wide linkage studies: confirmation of a susceptibility locus on chromosome 16. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48:1200-6. [PMID: 12746892 DOI: 10.1002/art.10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is likely to involve several genes of weak effect, and consequently, individual studies may have insufficient power to detect linkage. Four major RA genome-wide linkage studies have been carried out, but apart from the well-established HLA susceptibility locus, none of the reported significant regions of linkage has been replicated. We applied a genome-search meta-analysis to 4 RA genome searches to assess linkage across studies, using published results. METHODS For each study, 120 genomic bins of approximately 30 cM were defined and ranked according to the maximum evidence for linkage within each bin. Ranks were summed across studies and each bin was assessed empirically by the magnitude of summed rank, using a permutation test. A high summed rank indicated a region in which evidence for linkage was consistent across several studies. RESULTS In addition to the HLA locus (P < 0.00002), the strongest evidence for an RA susceptibility locus was found on chromosome 16 (P = 0.004). This locus was not identified as statistically significant in any of the 4 individual RA genome searches. In total, 12 regions achieved a significant (P < 0.05) summed rank, compared with the 6 bins expected by random chance. Four of these regions (on chromosomes 6p, 16cen, 6q, and 12p) reached a significance value of P < 0.01, suggesting that a subset of these regions contains RA susceptibility loci. CONCLUSION Using a meta-analysis approach, we have identified existing and novel putative RA susceptibility loci. These results can provide a basis for further positional and functional candidate-gene studies, and may prove useful in other complex rheumatic diseases.
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Steer S, Fisher SA, Fife M, Cuthbert A, Newton J, Wordsworth P, Lewis CM, Mathew CG, Lanchbury JS. Development of rheumatoid arthritis is not associated with two polymorphisms in the Crohn's disease gene CARD15. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003; 42:304-7. [PMID: 12595627 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been proposed that genetic susceptibility loci for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be shared with other autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Recently, common variation in the CARD15 (NOD2) gene on chromosome 16q12 has been associated with Crohn's disease (CD) in several independent populations. CARD15 is an excellent functional and positional candidate gene for RA. METHODS Genomic DNA was obtained from 392 RA cases and 471 ethnically matched healthy controls. All samples were genotyped for two polymorphisms in CARD15, 1007fs and R702W, using 5' nuclease reporter assays. Allele frequencies were compared between cases and controls using the chi(2) test. Estimated haplotype frequencies across the two mutations were determined using the EH program. RESULTS The allele frequency of the 1007fs variant in RA cases was 1.8% compared with 1.6% in normal controls (not significant). The frequency of the R702W variant was 4.0% in both cases and controls. Haplotypes carrying either of the two mutations accounted for 5.6% of possible haplotypes. A haplotype carrying both mutations was rare, with estimated frequency <0.01%. This study provided high power to detect an association of similar magnitude to that in Crohn's disease. These data therefore exclude the possibility that the contribution of these mutations to RA is comparable to that seen in CD. CONCLUSION Within defined statistical parameters, we excluded a role for the CARD15 1007fs and R702W variants in RA susceptibility. These data do not preclude a role for other polymorphisms in the CARD15 gene in RA susceptibility. Results from other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases will reveal whether the CARD15 gene is in fact a common autoimmune susceptibility locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Steer
- Molecular Immunogenetics, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, King's College, London, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple cancers may occur in an individual because of a genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, cancer therapy, or immunological deficiency. Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, and inherited factors play an important role in its aetiology. AIMS To characterise the occurrence of multiple primary cancers in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and explore the possibility of a common aetiology for different cancer sites. PATIENTS The Thames Cancer Registry database was used to identify patients with a first colorectal cancer, resident in the North or South Thames region, diagnosed between 1 January 1961 and 31 December 1995. A total of 127 281 patients were included, 61 433 men and 65 848 women. METHODS Observed numbers of cancers occurring after the diagnosis of colorectal cancer were compared with expected numbers, calculated using appropriate age, sex, and period specific rates, to obtain standardised incidence ratios. The occurrence of colorectal cancers subsequent to cancers at other sites was also examined. RESULTS Small intestinal cancer was significantly increased in men diagnosed with colorectal cancer before the age of 60 years and in women diagnosed with colorectal cancer after the age of 65 years. Colorectal cancer was also significantly increased after a first diagnosis of cancer of the small intestine. Other cancer sites with a significant increase after colorectal cancer included the cervix uteri, corpus uteri, and ovary. CONCLUSIONS Patients with colorectal cancer are at increased risk of developing cancer at a number of other sites. Some of these associations are consistent with the effects of known inherited cancer susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Evans
- Thames Cancer Registry, Division of Oncology, Guy's, King's, and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College, London, UK
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Abstract
Error-checking procedures are essential to ensure accurate and powerful linkage analysis. Genotype information across families can be used to identify non-amplification of alleles (null alleles) and between-family population sub-structuring, which can result in loss of power in linkage studies if undetected. Methods to identify population outlier individuals and null alleles are applied to genotype data from two asthma genome searches (German and CSGA) available from Genetic Analysis Workshop 12. Two clear population outliers are observed in the German data set, with further evidence of population sub-structuring. In the CSGA data, a significant excess of homozygous individuals is found at D8S1106, suggestive of a null allele at this marker with an estimated frequency of 0.17 (African-American) and 0.20 (Caucasian).
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Fisher
- Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, 8th Floor, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Millard TP, Kondeatis E, Vaughan RW, Lewis CM, Khamashta MA, Hughes GR, Hawk JL, McGregor JM. Polymorphic light eruption and the HLA DRB1*0301 extended haplotype are independent risk factors for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2002; 10:473-9. [PMID: 11480844 DOI: 10.1191/096120301678416024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that polymorphic light eruption (PLE) is an inherited photosensitivity disorder which may predispose to cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE). In this study we examine the relative risk (RR) attributable to the presence of PLE, together with the effect of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the development of cutaneous LE. Eighty-five Caucasian patients with annular subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE) and discoid LE (DLE) were recruited, together with 102 first degree relatives and 200 healthy local Caucasian controls. Symptoms suggestive of PLE were elicited in patients and relatives, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing determined by PCR-SSP. Standard association analysis and family transmission disequilibrium testing (TDT) were then used to compare the HLA frequencies between groups. We found a significant (P < 0.05) association of the HL4 A*01, B*08, DRB1*0301 extended haplotype with both SCLE and DLE and also significant association of DLE with the HLA A*03, B*07, DRB1*15 haplotype, with a possible protective effect in SCLE for HLA B*44 and DRB1*04 (P=0.002 and 0.001 respectively). Association was observed between PLE and cutaneous LE (P < 0.001), but not between PLE and any HLA allele. From these figures we estimate, for the general population, that the RR of developing SCLE given the presence of (a) PLE, (b) DRB1*0301 and (c) both PLE and DRB1*0301 is 3.37, 5.45 and 12.03, respectively. For DLE, equivalent RRs are 3.11, 2.15 and 6.94. In conclusion, these data imply the involvement of both PLE and HLA DRB1*0301 in the development of SCLE and DLE. They form a basis for examining the genetic architecture of photosensitivity, some aspects of which may be common to both cutaneous LE and PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Millard
- Department of Photobiology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK.
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Schaeffer EM, Yap GS, Lewis CM, Czar MJ, McVicar DW, Cheever AW, Sher A, Schwartzberg PL. Mutation of Tec family kinases alters T helper cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2001; 2:1183-8. [PMID: 11702066 DOI: 10.1038/ni734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Tec kinases Rlk and Itk are critical for full T cell receptor (TCR)-induced activation of phospholipase C-gamma and mitogen-activated protein kinase. We show here that the mutation of Rlk and Itk impaired activation of the transcription factors NFAT and AP-1 and production of both T helper type 1 (TH1) and TH2 cytokines. Consistent with these biochemical defects, Itk-/- mice did not generate effective TH2 responses when challenged with Schistosoma mansoni eggs. Paradoxically, the more severely impaired Rlk-/-Itk-/- mice were able to mount a TH2 response and produced TH2 cytokines in response to this challenge. In addition, Rlk-/-Itk-/- cells showed impaired TCR-induced repression of the TH2-inducing transcription factor GATA-3, suggesting a potential mechanism for TH2 development in these hyporesponsive cells. Thus, mutations that affect Tec kinases lead to complex alterations in CD4+ TH cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Schaeffer
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Evans HS, Lewis CM, Robinson D, Bell CM, Møller H, Hodgson SV. Cancer risks in women with 2 breast or ovarian cancers: clues to genetic cancer susceptibility. Int J Cancer 2001; 94:758-9. [PMID: 11745474 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Women diagnosed with 2 cancers of the breast and/or ovary are at higher risk of developing subsequent cancers. Using registrations from the Thames Cancer Registry, we quantified the risks at different cancer sites. Increased risks were found for cancers that are part of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumour spectrum: oropharyngeal cancer, malignant melanoma of the skin (BRCA2) and colon cancer (BRCA1). We also found significantly increased risks of myeloid leukaemia (probably due to radiotherapy) and of cancer of the corpus uteri (which may be due to hormonal factors).
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Evans
- Thames Cancer Registry, Division of Medicine, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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