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Torsello M, Ben-Zichri S, Pesenti L, Kunnath SM, Samorì C, Pasteris A, Bacchelli G, Prishkolnik N, Ben-Nun U, Righi S, Focarete ML, Kolusheva S, Jelinek R, Gualandi C, Galletti P. Carbon dot/polylactic acid nanofibrous membranes for solar-mediated oil absorption/separation: Performance, environmental sustainability, ecotoxicity and reusability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25417. [PMID: 38420388 PMCID: PMC10900409 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are promising photothermal nanoparticles that can be utilized in environmental treatments. They exhibit favorable physicochemical properties, including low toxicity, physical and chemical stability, photo-dependant reversible behaviour, and environmentally friendly synthesis using benign building blocks. Here, we synthesized innovative CDs/polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun composite membranes for evaluating the removal of hydrophobic compounds like long-chain hydrocarbons or oils in biphasic mixtures with water. The ultimate goal was to develop innovative and sustainable solar-heated oil absorbents. Specifically, we fabricated PLA membranes with varying CD contents, characterized their morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties, and assessed the environmental impact of membrane production according to ISO 14040 and 14044 standards in a preliminary "cradle-to-gate" life cycle assessment study. Solar radiation experiments demonstrated that the CDs/PLA composites exhibited greater uptake of hydrophobic compounds compared to pure PLA membranes, ascribable to the CDs-induced photothermal effect. The adsorption and regeneration capacity of the new CDs/PLA membrane was demonstrated through multiple uptake/release cycles. Ecotoxicity analyses confirmed the safety profile of the new adsorbent system towards freshwater microalgae, further emphasizing its potential as an environmentally friendly solution for the removal of hydrophobic compounds in water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Torsello
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Shani Ben-Zichri
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Lucia Pesenti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sisira M Kunnath
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pasteris
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Greta Bacchelli
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto, 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Noa Prishkolnik
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Uri Ben-Nun
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Serena Righi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto, 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat, 6/2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Galletti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Pitacco W, Samorì C, Pezzolesi L, Gori V, Grillo A, Tiecco M, Vagnoni M, Galletti P. Extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents based on oleic acid. Food Chem 2022; 379:132156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Brilloni A, Poli F, Spina GE, Samorì C, Guidi E, Gualandi C, Maisuradze M, Giorgetti M, Soavi F. Easy recovery of Li-ion cathode powders by the use of water-processable binders. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lenzo D, Pezzolesi L, Samorì C, Rindi F, Pasteris A, Pistocchi R, Colangelo MA. Allelopathic interactions between phytobenthos and meiofaunal community in an Adriatic benthic ecosystem: Understanding the role of aldehydes and macroalgal structural complexity. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:150827. [PMID: 34627880 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae produce several allelopathic substances, including polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), which may inhibit photosynthesis and growth rates of other algal species, and grazing. Additionally, macroalgal structural complexity is an important factor in determining abundance patterns and size structure of epiphytic organisms. In this study the PUAs production of two Mediterranean macroalgae, Dictyopteris polypodioides, (DP, Phaeophyceae, Dictyotales) and Cystoseira compressa (CC, Phaeophyceae, Fucales), was characterized to clarify the relationships between the meiobenthic and microphytobenthic communities. Results showed a higher PUAs production and a diverse qualitative profile for DP, which reported long-chain compounds (i.e. C14-C16) as main aldehydes, than CC, with the short-chain C6:2 as the main compound, as well as variability among sampling times. A clear separation of the meiofauna and microphytobenthos assemblages was found for the macroalgae, but with different temporal trends. Dissimilarities were due to five microalgal orders, namely Naviculales, Lyrellales, Gonyaulacales (i.e. Ostreopsis), Bacillariales, and Licmophorales, and to the meiofaunal groups nematodes, copepods, and copepod nauplii, which were more abundant on DP than on CC. Results indicate that macroalgal complexity is a major determinant of the meiofaunal community structure (accounting for 26% of the variation), rather than PUAs production itself (17%). PUAs effects seem species-specific, thus affecting some grazers instead of the entire community. Conversely, microphytobenthos affected the meiofauna assemblages, particularly harpacticoids, confirming the role of these organisms as the primary food source of all marine food chain producers. Since PUAs are produced also by several epiphytic diatoms, the understanding of their effects on the community structure and on the relationships among taxa in the field is complicated and requires further in-depth investigations in simplified systems (i.e. microcosms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lenzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" - Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Rindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Pasteris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Marina Antonia Colangelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
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Simonazzi M, Pezzolesi L, Galletti P, Gualandi C, Pistocchi R, De Marco N, Paganelli Z, Samorì C. Production of polyhydroxybutyrate by the cyanobacterium cf. Anabaena sp. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:92-99. [PMID: 34536471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by the cyanobacterium cf. Anabaena sp. was here studied by varying the medium composition and the carbon source used to induce mixotrophic growth conditions. The highest PHB productivity (0.06 gPHB gbiomass-1 d-1) was observed when cultivating cf. Anabaena sp. in phosphorus-free medium and in the presence of sodium acetate (5.0 g L-1 concentration), after an incubation period of 7 days. A content of 40% of PHB on biomass, a dry weight of 0.1 g L-1, and a photosynthetic efficiency equal to the control were obtained. The cyanobacterium was then grown on a larger scale (10 L) to evaluate the characteristics of the produced PHB in relation to the main composition of the biomass (the content of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids): after an incubation period of 7 days, a content of 6% of lipids (52% of which as unsaturated fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms), 12% of polysaccharides, 28% of proteins, and 46% of PHB was reached. The extracted PHB had a molecular weight of 3 MDa and a PDI of 1.7. These promising results demonstrated that cf. Anabaena sp. can be included among the Cyanobacteria species able to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) either in photoautotrophic or mixotrophic conditions, especially when it is grown under phosphorus-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Simonazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia (CIRI-FRAME), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paola Galletti
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia (CIRI-FRAME), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia (CIRI-FRAME), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale (CIRI) Meccanica Avanzata e Materiali (CIRI-MAM) Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia (CIRI-FRAME), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Nicole De Marco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Zoe Paganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia (CIRI-FRAME), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy.
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Pezzolesi L, Accoroni S, Rindi F, Samorì C, Totti C, Pistocchi R. Survey of the allelopathic potential of Mediterranean macroalgae: production of long-chain polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs). Phytochemistry 2021; 189:112826. [PMID: 34102592 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical interactions between macroalgae and other organisms play an important role in determining species compositions and dominance patterns, and can explain the widespread success of some species in establishing their predominant populations in a specific coastal area. Allelopathy could act as a self-regulatory strategy of the algal community, being not only a succession regulator but also an active mechanism maintaining the species diversity especially in a delimited environment, such as the benthic ecosystem. Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are among the most studied allelopathic compounds and are commonly released into the aquatic environment by different phytoplankton species in response to environmental stressors (e.g. wounding, grazing, or competition for nutrients). Diatom-released PUAs were observed to affect phytoplankton community dynamics and structure, and showed inhibitory effects on the reproduction and development of marine invertebrates. As for macroalgae, there are only a few reports that attest to the production of PUAs, and mostly refer to Ulva spp. In this study, the production of PUAs by several Mediterranean macroalgae was investigated at different sampling times, aiming at providing the first evidence of potential allelochemical activity. Results highlighted the potential production by macroalgae of a variety of aldehydes, among which some have never reported so far. Some species (i.e. D. polypodioides and U. cf. rigida) were found to produce higher PUAs amounts than others, and even a wider variety of structures (e.g. length of the carbon chain); these species might exert strong effects on epiphytic species or other organisms of the benthic community, especially considering the differential sensitivities of the various taxa. A high dPUA concentration (order of μM) potentially due to the release of PUAs by algal species was found, and might affect the population dynamics of the epiphytic organisms (e.g. microalgae, meiofauna), of grazers, as well as of the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Rindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
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Vagnoni M, Samorì C, Pirini D, Vasquez De Paz MK, Gidey DG, Galletti P. Lipase catalysed oxidations in a sugar-derived natural deep eutectic solvent. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1913126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vagnoni
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Daniele Pirini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Galletti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
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Pagliano G, Galletti P, Samorì C, Zaghini A, Torri C. Recovery of Polyhydroxyalkanoates From Single and Mixed Microbial Cultures: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:624021. [PMID: 33644018 PMCID: PMC7902716 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.624021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An overview of the main polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) recovery methods is here reported, by considering the kind of PHA-producing bacteria (single bacterial strains or mixed microbial cultures) and the chemico-physical characteristics of the extracted polymer (molecular weight and polydispersity index). Several recovery approaches are presented and categorized in two main strategies: PHA recovery with solvents (halogenated solvents, alkanes, alcohols, esters, carbonates and ketones) and PHA recovery by cellular lysis (with oxidants, acid and alkaline compounds, surfactants and enzymes). Comparative evaluations based on the recovery, purity and molecular weight of the recovered polymers as well as on the potential sustainability of the different approaches are here presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pagliano
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paola Galletti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
- CIRI-Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
- CIRI-Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Agnese Zaghini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Cristian Torri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
- CIRI-Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia, Ravenna, Italy
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9
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Vagnoni M, Samorì C, Galletti P. Choline-based eutectic mixtures as catalysts for effective synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Jia Y, Sciutto G, Mazzeo R, Samorì C, Focarete ML, Prati S, Gualandi C. Organogel Coupled with Microstructured Electrospun Polymeric Nonwovens for the Effective Cleaning of Sensitive Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:39620-39629. [PMID: 32820898 PMCID: PMC8009474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels and organogels are widely used as cleaning materials, especially when a controlled solvent release is necessary to prevent substrate damage. This situation is often encountered in the personal care and electronic components fields and represents a challenge in restoration, where the removal of a thin layer of aged varnish from a painting may compromise the integrity of the painting itself. There is an urgent need for new and effective cleaning materials capable of controlling and limiting the use of solvents, achieving at the same time high cleaning efficacy. In this paper, new sandwich-like composites that fully address these requirements are developed by using an organogel (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) + γ-valerolactone) in the core and two external layers of electrospun nonwovens made of continuous submicrometric fibers produced by electrospinning (either poly(vinyl alcohol) or polyamide 6,6). The new composite materials exhibit an extremely efficient cleaning action that results in the complete elimination of the varnish layer with a minimal amount of solvent adsorbed by the painting layer after the treatment. This demonstrates that the combined materials exert a superficial action that is of utmost importance to safeguard the painting. Moreover, we found that the electrospun nonwoven layers act as mechanically reinforcement components, greatly improving the bending resistance of organogels and their handling. The characterization of these innovative cleaning materials allowed us to propose a mechanism to explain their action: electrospun fibers play the leading role by slowing down the diffusion of the solvent and by conferring to the entire composite a microstructured rough superficial morphology, enabling to achieve outstanding cleaning performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jia
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Microchemistry and Microscopy
Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University
of Bologna, Via Guaccimanni 42, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Chongqing
Cultural Heritage Research Institute, 400013 Chongqing, China
| | - Giorgia Sciutto
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Microchemistry and Microscopy
Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University
of Bologna, Via Guaccimanni 42, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rocco Mazzeo
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Microchemistry and Microscopy
Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University
of Bologna, Via Guaccimanni 42, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Health
Sciences & Technologies (HST) CIRI, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Prati
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Microchemistry and Microscopy
Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University
of Bologna, Via Guaccimanni 42, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Simonazzi M, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Vanucci S, Samorì C, Pistocchi R. Use of waste carbon dioxide and pre-treated liquid digestate from biogas process for Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultivation in photobioreactors and open ponds. Bioresour Technol 2019; 292:121921. [PMID: 31398547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is considered a promising source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In this study, P. tricornutum cultivation using waste products from anaerobic digestion (i.e. liquid digestate and CO2) was tested and scaled-up in closed and open prototype systems. The chemical composition of algal biomass was evaluated to optimize the lipid content. Algal productivity and composition, especially in terms of PUFAs, were not modified by the use of waste CO2. Digestate led to a lower protein (24%) content than medium (36-37%), without affecting lipid amount (about 37%). Algal and EPA productivity were nearly two-fold higher by using photobioreactors (0.075 g biomass L-1 day-1 and 1.62 mg EPA g-1 day-1) than open ponds, which are more influenced by environmental conditions. This study highlights that economic and environmental benefits could be achieved by using waste CO2 and liquid digestate from anaerobic digestion for microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Simonazzi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Franca Guerrini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Silvana Vanucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando d'Alcontres 31, 98166 S. Agata, Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
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12
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Prati S, Sciutto G, Volpi F, Rehorn C, Vurro R, Blümich B, Mazzocchetti L, Giorgini L, Samorì C, Galletti P, Tagliavini E, Mazzeo R. Cleaning oil paintings: NMR relaxometry and SPME to evaluate the effects of green solvents and innovative green gels. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NMR relaxometry together with SPME allow evaluation of the effects of new green gels for the cleaning of paintings.
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13
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Samorì C, Costantini F, Galletti P, Tagliavini E, Abbiati M. Inter- and Intraspecific Variability of Nitrogenated Compounds in Gorgonian Corals via Application of a Fast One-Step Analytical Protocol. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15. [PMID: 29164812 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gorgonian corals play a structural role in temperate and tropical biogenic reefs, forming animal forests and creating biodiversity hot spots. In the Mediterranean Sea, slow-growing and long-lived gorgonian species are threatened by human disturbances and global environmental changes and concern about their conservation is rising. Alkaloid metabolites have proven to be essential in protecting these species from environmental stressors. Traditional profiling methodologies to detect these metabolites require a large quantity of living tissue. Here, the chemodiversity of gorgonian alkaloids was investigated by applying a fast and effective protocol combining extraction and derivatization using small-scale tissue samples and GC/MS analysis. The method was effective in identifying and quantifying alkaloids and guanine-based compounds. Eight N-heterocyclic compounds were found in six Mediterranean gorgonians differing for types and quantity. The metabolomic profile was conservative in species of the Eunicella genus, with three species sharing the same pattern. Conversely, Paramuricea clavata displayed a noticeable spatial pattern of variation among colonies collected in different locations. The analytical approach presented here proved to be effective, allowing rare, endangered, and small-sized species to be screened rapidly for detection of new compounds in order to explore their biological and ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Samorì
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Costantini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.,CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio, 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Galletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emilio Tagliavini
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Abbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.,CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio, 9, 00196, Roma, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Torri C, Weme TDO, Samorì C, Kiwan A, Brilman DWF. Renewable Alkenes from the Hydrothermal Treatment of Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Containing Sludge. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:12683-12691. [PMID: 28991443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a key constituent of excess sludge produced by Aerobic Sewage Sludge Treatment plants. The accumulation of significant amount of PHA inside aerobic microbial cells occurs when a surplus of an easily degradable carbon source (e.g., volatile fatty acids, VFA) is found in combination with other nutrients limitation. Herein, hydrothermal treatment (HT) of PHA-containing sludge at 300 and 375 °C was demonstrated to be effective in converting most (>70% w/w) of the bacterial PHA stored inside microbial cells into alkene/CO2 gas mixtures. Simultaneously, most of non-PHA biomass was converted into water-soluble compounds (50% carbon yield) that were acidogenic fermented to produce volatile fatty acids, ideal substrate to feed aerobic bacteria and produce more PHA. According to results here presented, HT of excess sludge with moderate (13%) PHA content can produce about 50 kg of alkenes per tonne of suspended solids treated, with a significant reduction of sludge mass (80% reduction of wet sludge volume) and consequent disposal cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Torri
- Laboratori "R. Sartori", Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna , Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Tom Detert Oude Weme
- Sustainable Process Technology Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Laboratori "R. Sartori", Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna , Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Alisar Kiwan
- Laboratori "R. Sartori", Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna , Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Derk W F Brilman
- Sustainable Process Technology Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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15
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Prati S, Volpi F, Fontana R, Galletti P, Giorgini L, Mazzeo R, Mazzocchetti L, Samorì C, Sciutto G, Tagliavini E. Sustainability in art conservation: a novel bio-based organogel for the cleaning of water sensitive works of art. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Organo- and hydrogels have been proposed in the restoration field to treat different types of surfaces. The possibility to retain solvents and to have a controlled and superficial action allowed to use these materials for the removal of very thin layers applied on ancient historical objects, when the under paint layers are particularly delicate and water sensitive. In the last years, an increased attention has been devoted to the proposal of more healthy products to guarantee the safeguard of the operators. Few attention has been devoted to the development of green methods which foresee the use of renewable and biodegradable materials. The aim of this paper is to test a green organo-gel for the cleaning of water sensitive surfaces like varnished egg tempera paintings. The gel has been tested experimented on mock ups varnished with natural and synthetic materials and has been validated on a small portion of a Cimabue painting for the removal of two varnishes applied on two different test areas of the painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Prati
- “Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL)” , University of Bologna – Via Guaccimanni 42 , 48123 Ravenna , Italy
| | - Francesca Volpi
- “Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL)” , University of Bologna – Via Guaccimanni 42 , 48123 Ravenna , Italy
| | - Raffaella Fontana
- CNR National Institute of Optics, Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125 , Florence , Italy
| | - Paola Galletti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” , University of Bologna – Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Loris Giorgini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” , University of Bologna – Viale Risorgimento 4 , 40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Rocco Mazzeo
- “Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL)” , University of Bologna – Via Guaccimanni 42 , 48123 Ravenna , Italy
| | - Laura Mazzocchetti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” , University of Bologna – Viale Risorgimento 4 , 40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” , University of Bologna – Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Giorgia Sciutto
- “Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL)” , University of Bologna – Via Guaccimanni 42 , 48123 Ravenna , Italy
| | - Emilio Tagliavini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” , University of Bologna – Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
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16
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Pezzolesi L, Pichierri S, Samorì C, Totti C, Pistocchi R. PUFAs and PUAs production in three benthic diatoms from the northern Adriatic Sea. Phytochemistry 2017; 142:85-91. [PMID: 28697398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The production of polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) has been reported by many planktonic diatoms, where they have been implicated in deleterious effects on copepod reproduction and growth of closeby microbes or suggested as infochemicals in shaping plankton interactions. This study investigates the production of PUAs by diatoms commonly occurring in the microphytobenthic communities in temperate regions: Tabularia affinis, Proschkinia complanatoides and Navicula sp. Results highlight the production of PUAs by the three benthic diatoms during stationary and decline phases, with intracellular concentrations from 1.8 to 154.4 fmol cell-1, which are within the range observed for planktonic species. The existence of a large family of PUAs, including some with four unsaturations, such as decatetraenal, undecatetraenal and tridecatetraenal, was observed. Since particulate and dissolved PUAs were positively correlated, together with cell lysis, equivalent concentrations may be released during late growth stages, which may affect benthic invertebrates grazing on them and other microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Pichierri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" - Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
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17
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Dall’Asta V, Berbenni V, Mustarelli P, Ravelli D, Samorì C, Quartarone E. A biomass-derived polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymer as safe and environmental-friendly skeleton in highly efficient gel electrolytes for lithium batteries. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Abbondanzi F, Biscaro G, Carvalho G, Favaro L, Lemos P, Paglione M, Samorì C, Torri C. Fast method for the determination of short-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (scl-PHAs) in bacterial samples by In Vial-Thermolysis (IVT). N Biotechnol 2017; 39:29-35. [PMID: 28591645 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new method based on the GC-MS analysis of thermolysis products obtained by treating bacterial samples at a high temperature (above 270°C) has been developed. This method, here named "In-Vial-Thermolysis" (IVT), allowed for the simultaneous determination of short-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (scl-PHA) content and composition. The method was applied to both single strains and microbial mixed cultures (MMC) fed with different carbon sources. The IVT procedure provided similar analytical performances compared to previous Py-GC-MS and Py-GC-FID methods, suggesting a similar application for PHA quantitation in bacterial cells. Results from the IVT procedure and the traditional methanolysis method were compared; the correlation between the two datasets was fit for the purpose, giving a R2 of 0.975. In search of further simplification, the rationale of IVT was exploited for the development of a "field method" based on the titration of thermolyzed samples with sodium hydrogen carbonate to quantify PHA inside bacterial cells. The accuracy of the IVT method was fit for the purpose. These results lead to the possibility for the on-line measurement of PHA productivity. Moreover, they allow for the fast and inexpensive quantification/characterization of PHA for biotechnological process control, as well as investigation over various bacterial communities and/or feeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abbondanzi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research Energy-Environment (CIRI EA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - G Biscaro
- Chemistry Department "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - L Favaro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Italy
| | - P Lemos
- LAQV REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M Paglione
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Samorì
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research Energy-Environment (CIRI EA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Chemistry Department "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Torri
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research Energy-Environment (CIRI EA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Chemistry Department "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Samorì C, Caroselli E, Prada F, Reggi M, Fermani S, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S, Falini G. Ecological relevance of skeletal fatty acid concentration and composition in Mediterranean scleractinian corals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1929. [PMID: 28512344 PMCID: PMC5434035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The intra-skeletal fatty acid concentration and composition of four Mediterranean coral species, namely Cladocora caespitosa, Balanophyllia europaea, Astroides calycularis and Leptopsammia pruvoti, were examined in young and old individuals living in three different locations of the Mediterranean Sea. These species are characterized by diverse levels of organization (solitary or colonial) and trophic strategies (symbiotic or non-symbiotic). Fatty acids have manifold fundamental roles comprehensive of membrane structure fluidity, cell signaling and energy storage. For all species, except for B. europaea, the intra-skeletal fatty acid concentration was significantly higher in young individuals than in old ones. Moreover, fatty acid concentration was higher in colonial corals than in solitary ones and in the symbiotic corals compared to non-symbiotic ones. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that palmitic acid (16:0) was the most abundant fatty acid, followed by stearic (18:0) in order of concentration. Oleic acid (18:1) was detected as the third main component only in skeletons from symbiotic corals. These results suggest that, in the limits of the studied species, intra-skeletal fatty acid composition and concentration may be used for specific cases as a proxy of level of organization and trophic strategy, and eventually coral age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Samorì
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Reggi
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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20
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Campisi T, Samorì C, Torri C, Barbera G, Foschini A, Kiwan A, Galletti P, Tagliavini E, Pasteris A. Chemical and ecotoxicological properties of three bio-oils from pyrolysis of biomasses. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 132:87-93. [PMID: 27285282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In view of the potential use of pyrolysis-based technologies, it is crucial to understand the environmental hazards of pyrolysis-derived products, in particular bio-oils. Here, three bio-oils were produced from fast pyrolysis of pine wood and intermediate pyrolysis of corn stalk and poultry litter. They were fully characterized by chemical analysis and tested for their biodegradability and their ecotoxicity on the crustacean Daphnia magna and the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. These tests were chosen as required by the European REACH regulation. These three bio-oils were biodegradable, with 40-60% of biodegradation after 28 days, and had EC50 values above 100mgL(-1) for the crustacean and above 10mgL(-1) for the alga, showing low toxicity to the aquatic life. The toxic unit approach was applied to verify whether the observed toxicity could be predicted from the data available for the substances detected in the bio-oils. The predicted values largely underestimated the experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Campisi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Cristian Torri
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barbera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Foschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alisar Kiwan
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paola Galletti
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emilio Tagliavini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pasteris
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, Bologna, Italy.
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21
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Samorì C, Galletti P, Giorgini L, Mazzeo R, Mazzocchetti L, Prati S, Sciutto G, Volpi F, Tagliavini E. The Green Attitude in Art Conservation: Polyhydroxybutyrate-based Gels for the Cleaning of Oil Paintings. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Samorì
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Paola Galletti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Loris Giorgini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Rocco Mazzeo
- Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL)”; University of Bologna; Via Guaccimanni 42 48123 Ravenna Italy
| | - Laura Mazzocchetti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Silvia Prati
- Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL)”; University of Bologna; Via Guaccimanni 42 48123 Ravenna Italy
| | - Giorgia Sciutto
- Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL)”; University of Bologna; Via Guaccimanni 42 48123 Ravenna Italy
| | - Francesca Volpi
- Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL)”; University of Bologna; Via Guaccimanni 42 48123 Ravenna Italy
| | - Emilio Tagliavini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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22
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Reggi M, Fermani S, Samorì C, Gizzi F, Prada F, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S, Falini G. Influence of intra-skeletal coral lipids on calcium carbonate precipitation. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01939k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Samorì C, Abbondanzi F, Galletti P, Giorgini L, Mazzocchetti L, Torri C, Tagliavini E. Extraction of polyhydroxyalkanoates from mixed microbial cultures: Impact on polymer quality and recovery. Bioresour Technol 2015; 189:195-202. [PMID: 25889806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can be extracted from mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) by means of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or combination of DMC and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). The protocol based on DMC, a green solvent never used before for the extraction of PHAs from MMC, allows an overall polymer recovery of 63%; also the purity and the molecular weight of the recovered polymers are good (98% and 1.2 MDa, respectively). The use of NaClO pretreatment before DMC extraction increases the overall PHA recovery (82%) but lowers the mean molecular weight to 0.6-0.2 MDa. A double extraction with DMC results to be the method of choice for the recovery of high quality PHAs from attractive but challenging MMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Samorì
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia Ambiente (CIRI EA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Federica Abbondanzi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia Ambiente (CIRI EA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paola Galletti
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia Ambiente (CIRI EA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Loris Giorgini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale per la Meccanica Avanzata e i Materiali (CIRI MAM), University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzocchetti
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale per la Meccanica Avanzata e i Materiali (CIRI MAM), University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Torri
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia Ambiente (CIRI EA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emilio Tagliavini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia Ambiente (CIRI EA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
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Ianiro A, Giosia MD, Fermani S, Samorì C, Barbalinardo M, Valle F, Pellegrini G, Biscarini F, Zerbetto F, Calvaresi M, Falini G. Customizing properties of β-chitin in squid pen (gladius) by chemical treatments. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5979-92. [PMID: 25517216 PMCID: PMC4278213 DOI: 10.3390/md12125979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The squid pen (gladius) from the Loligo vulgaris was used for preparation of β-chitin materials characterized by different chemical, micro- and nano-structural properties that preserved, almost completely the macrostructural and the mechanical ones. The β-chitin materials obtained by alkaline treatment showed porosity, wettability and swelling that are a function of the duration of the treatment. Microscopic, spectroscopic and synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques showed that the chemical environment of the N-acetyl groups of the β-chitin chains changes after the thermal alkaline treatment. As a consequence, the crystalline packing of the β-chitin is modified, due to the intercalation of water molecules between β-chitin sheets. Potential applications of these β-chitin materials range from the nanotechnology to the regenerative medicine. The use of gladii, which are waste products of the fishing industry, has also important environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ianiro
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marianna Barbalinardo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Valle
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Gottardi, 100, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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López Barreiro D, Samorì C, Terranella G, Hornung U, Kruse A, Prins W. Assessing microalgae biorefinery routes for the production of biofuels via hydrothermal liquefaction. Bioresour Technol 2014; 174:256-265. [PMID: 25463806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interest in third generation biofuels from microalgae has been rising during the past years. Meanwhile, it seems not economically feasible to grow algae just for biofuels. Co-products with a higher value should be produced by extracting a particular algae fraction to improve the economics of an algae biorefinery. The present study aims at analyzing the influence of two main microalgae components (lipids and proteins) on the composition and quantity of biocrude oil obtained via hydrothermal liquefaction of two strains (Nannochloropsis gaditana and Scenedesmus almeriensis). The algae were liquefied as raw biomass, after extracting lipids and after extracting proteins in microautoclave experiments at different temperatures (300-375°C) for 5 and 15min. The results indicate that extracting the proteins from the microalgae prior to HTL may be interesting to improve the economics of the process while at the same time reducing the nitrogen content of the biocrude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego López Barreiro
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale (CIRI), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Terranella
- Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmoltz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ursel Hornung
- Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmoltz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kruse
- Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmoltz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Conversion Technology and Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Resources (440f), Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolter Prins
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Galletti P, Malferrari D, Samorì C, Sartor G, Tagliavini E. Effects of ionic liquids on membrane fusion and lipid aggregation of egg-PC liposomes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 125:142-50. [PMID: 25483843 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have explored the effects of different groups of ionic liquids (ILs) on membrane fusion. The ILs used contain different head groups: N-methylimidazolium, 3-methylpyridinium and N-methylpyrrolidinium; short alkyl or ether functionalized side chains (with one or two ethoxy functionalities), paired with chloride anion. These ILs have been compared with 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as example of a highly lipophilic IL. The effect of ILs on membrane fusion was investigated through pyrene steady state fluorescence probing, using the IE factor and excimer/monomer ratio (IE/IM) as parameters. The ratio between the vibronic bands of pyrene (I1/I3 ratio) has been used to monitor the effect of ILs on the aggregation properties of egg-PC liposomes. The effect of different ILs' families was evident; the pyridinium ILs induced a greater extent of fusion than pyrrolidinium and imidazolium ILs having the same side chain. Marginal effect could be attributed to different anions. ILs with short alkyl chains were usually more effective than ether functionalized ones. The aggregation behaviors of ILs having dioxygenated chains have been measured in buffer solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Galletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI), via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Danilo Malferrari
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI), via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI), via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sartor
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI), via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emilio Tagliavini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI), via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
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Torri C, Cordiani H, Samorì C, Favaro L, Fabbri D. Fast procedure for the analysis of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) in bacterial cells by off-line pyrolysis/gas-chromatography with flame ionization detector. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:230-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Samorì C, Pezzolesi L, Barreiro DL, Galletti P, Pasteris A, Tagliavini E. Synthesis of new polyethoxylated tertiary amines and their use as Switchable Hydrophilicity Solvents. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47144f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Du Y, Schuur B, Samorì C, Tagliavini E, Brilman DWF. Secondary amines as switchable solvents for lipid extraction from non-broken microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2013; 149:253-60. [PMID: 24121240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipids from algal biomass may provide renewable fuel and chemical feedstock in large quantities. The energy intensity of drying and milling of algae prior to extraction and of solvent recovery afterwards is a major obstacle. The objective is to use switchable solvents to extract oil directly from wet microalgae slurries without the need for drying and milling, and subsequently recover the extracted oil and solvent by simple phase splitting, using CO2 as trigger. In this work secondary amine solvents were investigated for lipids extraction, polarity switching and phase splitting ability upon contacting with CO2. For strain Desmodesmus sp. extraction yields from the wet algal slurries, with and without cell disruption, were comparable with Bligh & Dyer method yields. Oil and solvent recovery via phase separation was realized by CO2 induced phase splitting, making secondary amines a candidate for further development of an energy efficient lipid extraction technology for non-broken microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- China University of Mining & Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China; University of Twente, Sustainable Process Technology Group (SPT), Green Energy Initiative, Faculty of Science and Technology, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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30
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Samorì G, Samorì C, Guerrini F, Pistocchi R. Growth and nitrogen removal capacity of Desmodesmus communis and of a natural microalgae consortium in a batch culture system in view of urban wastewater treatment: part I. Water Res 2013; 47:791-801. [PMID: 23211134 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The microalgal biomass applications strongly depend on cell composition and the production of low cost products such as biofuels appears to be economically convenient only in conjunction with wastewater treatment. As a preliminary study, in view of the development of a wastewater treatment pilot plant for nutrient removal and algal biomass production, a biological wastewater system was carried out on a laboratory scale growing a newly isolated freshwater algal strain, Desmodesmus communis, and a natural consortium of microalgae in effluents generated by a local wastewater reclamation facility. Batch cultures were operated by using D. communis under different growth conditions to better understand the effects of CO₂, nutrient concentration and light intensity on the biomass productivity and biochemical composition. The results were compared with those obtained using a natural algal consortium. D. communis showed a great vitality in the wastewater effluents with a biomass productivity of 0.138-0.227 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹ in the primary effluent enriched with CO₂, higher biomass productivity compared with the one achieved by the algal consortium (0.078 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹). D. communis cultures reached also a better nutrient removal efficiency compared with the algal consortium culture, with almost 100% for ammonia and phosphorous at any N/P ratio characterizing the wastewater nutrient composition. Biomass composition was richer in polysaccharides and total fatty acids as the ammonia concentration in the water decreased. In view of a future application of this algal biomass, due to the low total fatty acids content of 1.4-9.3 wt% and the high C/N ratio of 7.6-39.3, anaerobic digestion appeared to be the most appropriate biofuel conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Samorì
- Interdepartmental Industrial Research Centre, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
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31
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Samorì C, Torri C, Fabbri D, Falini G, Faraloni C, Galletti P, Spera S, Tagliavini E, Torzillo G. Unusual catalysts from molasses: synthesis, properties and application in obtaining biofuels from algae. ChemSusChem 2012; 5:1501-1512. [PMID: 22678658 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Acid catalysts were prepared by sulfonation of carbon materials obtained from the pyrolysis of sugar beet molasses, a cheap, viscous byproduct in the processing of sugar beets into sugar. Conditions for the pyrolysis of molasses (temperature and time) influenced catalyst performance; the best combination came from pyrolysis at low temperature (420 °C) for a relatively long time (8-15 h), which ensured better stability of the final material. The most effective molasses catalyst was highly active in the esterification of fatty acids with methanol (100 % yield after 3 h) and more active than common solid acidic catalysts in the transesterification of vegetable oils with 25-75 wt % of acid content (55-96 % yield after 8 h). A tandem process using a solid acid molasses catalyst and potassium hydroxide in methanol was developed to de-acidificate and transesterificate algal oils from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Nannochloropsis gaditana, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, which contain high amounts of free fatty acids. The amount of catalyst required for the de-acidification step was influenced by the chemical composition of the algal oil, thus operational conditions were determined not only in relation to free fatty acids content in the oil, but according to the composition of the lipid extract of each algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Samorì
- University of Bologna, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale (CIRI), via S. Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy.
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Torri C, Samorì C, Adamiano A, Fabbri D, Faraloni C, Torzillo G. Preliminary investigation on the production of fuels and bio-char from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biomass residue after bio-hydrogen production. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:8707-8713. [PMID: 21345670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the potential conversion of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biomass harvested after hydrogen production. The spent algal biomass was converted into nitrogen-rich bio-char, biodiesel and pyrolysis oil (bio-oil). The yield of lipids (algal oil), obtained by solvent extraction, was 15 ± 2% w/w(dry-biomass). This oil was converted into biodiesel with a 8.7 ± 1% w/w(dry-biomass) yield. The extraction residue was pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor at 350 °C obtaining bio-char as the principal fraction (44 ± 1% w/w(dry-biomass)) and 28 ± 2% w/w(dry-biomass) of bio-oil. Pyrolysis fractions were characterized by elemental analysis, while the chemical composition of bio-oil was fully characterized by GC-MS, using various derivatization techniques. Energy outputs resulting from this approach were distributed in hydrogen (40%), biodiesel (12%) and pyrolysis fractions (48%), whereas bio-char was the largest fraction in terms of mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Torri
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
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Samorì C, Sciutto G, Pezzolesi L, Galletti P, Guerrini F, Mazzeo R, Pistocchi R, Prati S, Tagliavini E. Effects of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on Growth, Photosynthetic Efficiency, and Cellular Components of the Diatoms Skeletonema marinoi and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:392-401. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100343p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Samorì
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sciutto
- M2ADL-Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Bologna, via Tombesi dall'Ova 55, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paola Galletti
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Franca Guerrini
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rocco Mazzeo
- M2ADL-Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Bologna, via Tombesi dall'Ova 55, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Silvia Prati
- M2ADL-Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Bologna, via Tombesi dall'Ova 55, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Emilio Tagliavini
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
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Samorì C, Malferrari D, Valbonesi P, Montecavalli A, Moretti F, Galletti P, Sartor G, Tagliavini E, Fabbri E, Pasteris A. Introduction of oxygenated side chain into imidazolium ionic liquids: evaluation of the effects at different biological organization levels. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2010; 73:1456-1464. [PMID: 20674022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of a class of oxygenated imidazolium ionic liquids were studied in comparison with alkyl imidazolium salts (BMIM BF4 and BMIM N(CN)2).The cellular and subcellular effects were evaluated on rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell lines, through MTT test, lactate dehydrogenase release and acetylcholinesterase inhibition; the eco-toxicological responses were assessed through the acute toxicity tests towards Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri. The introduction of ethoxy moieties in the lateral chain of imidazolium cations reduced the biological effects in all the tests. The acute toxicity towards D. magna was not affected by the number of ethoxy units, but the crustacean seemed to be sensitive to the type of anion; on the contrary, a further addition of ethoxy moieties increased the toxicity towards V. fischeri, M(OE)4MIM N(CN)2 being the most toxic oxygenated ionic liquid. In the cytotoxicity assays the salts with oxygenated cations resulted ineffective compared to BMIMs, independently from the anion and the number of ethoxy units in the lateral chain. In order to estimate the influence on membrane fluidity, an analysis of fluorescence anisotropy was done and it indicated that BMIM BF4, the most toxic ionic liquid among the tested ones, led to a destabilization of the model membranes at any molarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Samorì
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy
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Samorì C, Torri C, Samorì G, Fabbri D, Galletti P, Guerrini F, Pistocchi R, Tagliavini E. Extraction of hydrocarbons from microalga Botryococcus braunii with switchable solvents. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:3274-9. [PMID: 20071168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid extraction is a critical step in the development of biofuels from microalgae. Here a new procedure was proposed to extract hydrocarbons from dried and water-suspended samples of the microalga Botryococcus braunii by using switchable-polarity solvents (SPS) based on 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU) and an alcohol. The high affinity of the non-ionic form of DBU/alcohol SPS towards non-polar compounds was exploited to extract hydrocarbons from algae, while the ionic character of the DBU-alkyl carbonate form, obtained by the addition of CO(2), was used to recover hydrocarbons from the SPS. DBU/octanol and DBU/ethanol SPS were tested for the extraction efficiency of lipids from freeze-dried B. braunii samples and compared with n-hexane and chloroform/methanol. The DBU/octanol system was further evaluated for the extraction of hydrocarbons directly from algal culture samples. DBU/octanol exhibited the highest yields of extracted hydrocarbons from both freeze-dried and liquid algal samples (16% and 8.2% respectively against 7.8% and 5.6% with n-hexane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Samorì
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
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Galletti P, Montecavalli A, Moretti F, Pasteris A, Samorì C, Tagliavini E. Furan containing ammonium salts from furfural: synthesis and properties evaluation. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b902855b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Galletti P, Moretti F, Samorì C, Tagliavini E. Chemoselective allylation of ketones in ionic liquids containing sulfonate anions. ChemSusChem 2009; 2:1045-1050. [PMID: 19882702 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The chemoselective addition of tetraallyltin to dialkyl, alkenyl-alkyl, and alkynyl-alkyl ketones can be performed with high yields in N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium trifuoromethansulfonate (MBP-Tf). Other room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) can also be successfully employed if some sulfonic acid is added. The reaction is very sensitive to the electronic properties of the substrate. Aryl alkyl ketones bearing electron-withdrawing substituents behave like dialkyl ketones and react promptly; on the contrary, electron-rich aryl alkyl ketones react sluggishly, which allows selective competitive allylation of dialkyl substrates to occur. The ionic liquid solvent can be easily recycled, which meets the green chemistry principles of selectivity and reuse of chemicals. NMR spectroscopic data support the formation of tin-triflate catalysts in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Galletti
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
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Modelli A, Sali A, Galletti P, Samorì C. Biodegradation of oxygenated and non-oxygenated imidazolium-based ionic liquids in soil. Chemosphere 2008; 73:1322-1327. [PMID: 18715611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic biodegradation of ionic liquids in soil was monitored for the first time. The tests, followed over six months according to ASTM D 5988-96, were carried out on the four ionic liquids obtained from 1-R-3-methylimidazolium cations, with R=CH(3)(CH(2))(3) and CH(3)O(CH(2))(2), and the tetrafluoroborate and dicyanamide counter anions. The n-butyl derivatives, after an induction period of about two months, were found to be degradable, although the degradation rate with the dicyanamide anion was smaller. In contrast, no significant production of CO(2) was observed in the tests with the methoxyethyl derivatives. Calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level were carried out to characterize the atomic charge distributions and frontier orbital structures of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations and point out the changes caused by replacement of a CH(2) group of the alkyl chain with an oxygen atom. The calculations predict an overall negative charge on the nitrogen atoms of the imidazolium-based cations. The energies of the highest occupied (pi) MO and lowest empty (pi( *)) MO are only slightly perturbed by the length and nature of the alkyl chain. However, the electron-donor properties of the oxy derivatives are radically increased. The HOMO becomes a lone pair orbital mainly localized on the oxygen atom, and its ionization energy is sizeably smaller than that of the outermost ring pi MO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Modelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Samorì C, Pasteris A, Galletti P, Tagliavini E. Acute toxicity of oxygenated and nonoxygenated imidazolium-based ionic liquids to Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri. Environ Toxicol Chem 2007; 26:2379-2382. [PMID: 17941742 DOI: 10.1897/07-066r2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) recently have generated great interest as a result of their potential commercial applications. In particular, because of their negligible vapor pressure and low inflammability, they have been suggested as green alternatives to traditional organic solvents. The toxicity and potential environmental risk of this heterogeneous class of chemicals, however, are poorly understood. An alkyl-substituted RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF(4)]), is one of the most widely used cations of RTILs, and information regarding its toxicity is relatively extensive. On the other hand, oxygenated chain-substituted ionic liquids, 1-methoxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium salts (moemims), are a new class of RTILs that have been poorly studied. Here, we compared the acute toxicity of [bmim][BF(4)] and moemims to the crustacean Daphnia magna (end point, 48-h immobilization) and the bacterium Vibrio fischeri (end point, 15-min inhibition of bioluminescence). The concentrations of [bmim][BF(4)] resulting in 50% of the maximum adverse effect (EC50s) for D. magna and V. fischeri were 5.18 and 300 mg/L, respectively, and were consistent with previously published values. The EC50s of the two moemims for D. magna are very similar, ranging from 209 to 222 mg/L in different experimental trials, and are higher by two orders of magnitude than the EC50 of [bmim][BF(4)]. The EC50s of 1-methoxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([moemim][BF(4)]) and 1-methoxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([moemim][dca]) for V. fischeri are 3,196 and 2,406 mg/L, respectively. Results indicate that introduction of an oxygenated side chain in the imidazolium cation can greatly reduce the toxicity of RTILs and that these RTILs are less toxic than commonly used chlorinated solvents, such as tricloromethane, but are more toxic than nonchlorinated solvent, such as methanol and acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Samorì
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy.
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