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Ajibo DN, Orish CN, Ruggieri F, Bocca B, Battistini B, Frazzoli C, Orish FC, Orisakwe OE. An Update Overview on Mechanistic Data and Biomarker Levels in Cobalt and Chromium-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023:10.1007/s12011-023-03965-w. [PMID: 38017235 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the imbalance of metals as cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) may increase the risk of development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The human exposure to Co and Cr is derived mostly from industry, orthopedic implants, and polluted environments. Neurological effects of Co and Cr include memory deficit, olfactory dysfunction, spatial disorientation, motor neuron disease, and brain cancer. Mechanisms of Co and Cr neurotoxicity included DNA damage and genomic instability, epigenetic changes, mitochondrial disturbance, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This paper seeks to overview the Co and Cr sources, the mechanisms by which these metals induce NDDs, and their levels in fluids of the general population and patients affected by NDDs. To this end, evidence of Co and Cr unbalance in the human body, mechanistic data, and neurological symptoms were collected using in vivo mammalian studies and human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Nnena Ajibo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Chinna Nneka Orish
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department for Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome Viale Regina Elena, 29900161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Orish E Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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Anyachor CP, Dooka DB, Orish CN, Amadi CN, Bocca B, Ruggieri F, Senofonte M, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Mechanistic considerations and biomarkers level in nickel-induced neurodegenerative diseases: An updated systematic review. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:136-146. [PMID: 35989698 PMCID: PMC9382260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Ezejiofor AN, Orish CN, Akaranta O. Multi-Organ inducedtoxicity of metal mixture (CdCl 2, HgCl 2, Pb(NO 3)), and the ameliorative potentials of plantain Musa paradisiaca (F. Musaceae) stem juice on male Wistar rats. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2022; 14:211-224. [PMID: 36161263 PMCID: PMC9490206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and urbanization have caused a hike in all forms of emissions, many of which have detrimental effects on plants, animals, the environment, and worse still, humans. In a quest for novel products (household, and medical), manufacturing industries work tirelessly worldwide using metals to meet man's needs. However, such metals especially those confined to this research (Hg, Cd, and Pb) are inherently hazardous to not just the environment but human life and existence. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats divided into six groups of five rats each was used for the study. Stock solutions of the heavy metals were prepared and the required dose calculated according to individual weight and administered as such to group 2-5, plantain stem juice (PSJ) was administered to groups 3 to 5 in increasing dose after receiving the HMM (heavy metal mixture) while group six received medium-dose of PSJ used in the study only. Bodyweight of the rats was monitored once in three weeks while the feed and fluid intake were monitored thrice a week. At the end of the ninth week, the animals were weighed and sacrificed. Organs of interest (brain, heart, lungs, and thymus) were harvested and analyzed. Analysis done include Histopathology, hematological, biochemical, and organs/blood metal concentration. The results obtained showed a decline in the weight of animals that received metal mixture only when compared to normal control and PSJ treated groups. This could be traceable to the decline in feed intake of the metal-induced groups. However, no significant effect was observed in the histology of the Thymus and cerebellum even though the presence of a vacuole in the cerebral cortex indicated an anomaly. The histology of the heart and the lungs showed some level of distortion which was ameliorated dose-dependently with the administration of PSJ. Interestingly, after a decrease in the antioxidant level upon administration of metal mixture, a booster effect was observed with an increasing dose of PSJ. In conclusion, the recent findings have demonstrated that treatment with PSJ in HMM induced intoxication has a significant role in protecting the animals from all possible organ toxicity by modulating hemato-biochemical parameters and oxidative stress level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonet Ndidiamaka Ezejiofor
- African Center of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port HarcourtRivers State, Nigeria
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port HarcourtRivers State, Nigeria
| | | | - Onyewuchi Akaranta
- African Centre of Excecellence in Oil Field Chemicals (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port HarcourtRivers State, Nigeria
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Nouri Emamzadeh F, Word B, Cotton E, Hawkins A, Littlejohn K, Moore R, Miranda-Carbon G, Orish CN, Lyn-Cook B. Modulation of Estrogen α and Progesterone Receptors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines: The Effects of Vorinostat and Indole-3-Carbinol In Vitro. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:3669-3683. [PMID: 32620606 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Triple negative cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is highly aggressive, with poor prognosis and responds differently to treatments. This study investigated the role of vorinostat and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) on regulating critical receptors that are not normally expressed in TNBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using real-time PCR, immunostaining, and western blots, the re-expression of estrogen receptor α (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) receptors was examined in four different TNBC cell types. RESULTS ERα was re-expressed in three subtypes using vorinostat and I3C. Re-expression of the PR by vorinostat was also detected. Neither vorinostat nor I3C resulted in re-expression of the HER2 receptor. A significant decrease in growth and sensitivity to tamoxifen was also noted. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that vorinostat and I3C modulate the re-expression of critical receptors in certain subtypes of TNBC through several pathways and these effects can be influenced by the molecular profiles of TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beverly Word
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA/NCTR, Jefferson, AR, U.S.A
| | - Ebony Cotton
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA/NCTR, Jefferson, AR, U.S.A
| | - Anfernee Hawkins
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA/NCTR, Jefferson, AR, U.S.A
| | - Kai Littlejohn
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA/NCTR, Jefferson, AR, U.S.A
| | - Rhonda Moore
- Division of Nonprescription Drugs, FDA/Center for Drug Evaluation Research, White Oak, MD, U.S.A
| | - Gustav Miranda-Carbon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, U.S.A
| | - Chinna Nneka Orish
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port-Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Beverly Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA/NCTR, Jefferson, AR, U.S.A.
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Ezejiofor AN, Orish CN, Orisakwe OE. Morphological changes in the pancreas and glucose reduction of the aqueous extract of Costus afer leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 26:595-601. [PMID: 25514330 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of herbs, this study has evaluated the morphological changes, hypoglycemic effect, and comparative ameliorating effects of Costus afer Ker Gawl leaf and glibenclamide on pancreatic injury induced by alloxan. METHODS Thirty adult male albino rats that were divided into six groups of five weight-matched animals each were used in the study. Groups 1 and 2 served as controls, whereas groups 3-6 were alloxan-induced diabetic groups treated with different doses of the extract (375, 750, and 1125 mg/kg C. afer) and glibenclamide, respectively. The glucose level was measured daily, whereas the weight of the animal was monitored on a weekly basis for 21 days. The oral glucose tolerance test was measured on overnight fasted rats after glucose load at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The histopathology of the pancreas was also investigated. RESULTS The phytoconstituents of C. afer Ker Gawl leaves include glycosides, tannins, saponins, terpenoid, phenolic compound, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Costus afer possessed significant hypoglycemic (p<0.05) effect and reversed the histopathologic damage of pancreases in alloxan-induced diabetic rats comparable to those of glibenclamide. CONCLUSIONS Costus afer leaves possess both antidiabetic and tissue protective properties on pancreases of investigated rats.
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Ezejiofor AN, Orish CN, Orisakwe OE. Cytological and biochemical studies during the progression of alloxan-induced diabetes and possible protection of an aqueous leaf extract of Costus afer. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:745-52. [PMID: 25443367 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Some plants have proven efficacy in the management of diabetes mellitus, of which Costus afer is one. This study was designed to evaluate the cytological and biochemical properties, and comparative ameliorating effects, of an aqueous extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae) leaf and glibenclamide (GBM), in liver, kidney, and pancreatic injury induced by alloxan. Thirty male albino rats were divided into six weight-matched groups. Group one served as the negative control (non-induced and non-treated, control), while groups 2-6 were alloxan-induced diabetic groups. Group 2 served as a positive control (induced and non-treated, IC), groups 3-5 were treated with different doses of the extract (375, 750, and 1,125 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide, respectively. Body weight, absolute and relative organ weights, food and fluid intake, levels of serum glucose and liver enzymes and kidney parameters were calculated and compared. Hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells of diabetic rats, in diabetic non-treated and treated rats were harvested and examined histopathologically. There was dose dependent amelioration on the injuries induced by alloxan on both hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells after treatment with Costus afer. The glucose level was reduced significantly in the Costus afer treated diabetic rats compared with the non-treated diabetic group. Costus afer leaves seem to be effective against diabetic cell injury induced in rat liver, kidney, and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chinna Nneka Orish
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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Ezejiofor AN, Orish CN, Orisakwe OE. Effect of aqueous leaves extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl (Zingiberaceae) on the liver and kidney of male albino Wistar rat. Anc Sci Life 2014; 33:4-9. [PMID: 25161323 PMCID: PMC4140021 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.134554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of medicinal plants in Nigeria has significantly increased over recent years as it is easily accessible, cheap and the strong belief that herbal remedies are natural and therefore non toxic. AIMS This study aims to investigate the sub-chronic toxicity (28-day) of the aqueous extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl leaves on the liver and kidney of male albino Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 male albino Wistar rats (113-205 g) divided into four groups of five weight-matched animals each, were used for the study. Group 1 received standard feed and water ad libitium and served as the control. Group 2, 3 and 4 received 375, 750 and 1125 mg/kg of aqueous extract of C. afer leaves respectively. The animals were sacrificed under ether anesthesia and the organs were harvested, weighed and histopathological studies carried out. The effect of C. afer on the hepatic biomarkers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT); alkaline phosphatase (ALP); triglyceride (TG); total bilirubin (TB); conjugated bilirubin (CB); albumin (ALB) and kidney biomarkers urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate were investigated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were evaluated using Mann Whitney. If P ≤ 0.05 groups were considered to be significantly different. RESULTS C. afer contained alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and tannins. The average body, organ, relative weights, feed and fluid intake showed no significant changes (P > 0.05) when compared to the control. The liver function tests (ALT, ALP, AST, CB, TB and ALB) showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the test groups when compared with the control while TG showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The kidney function tests (urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate) showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the test groups when compared to the control. CONCLUSION Costus afer may be hepatotoxic but non-toxic to the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Ezejiofor
- Toxicology Unit, Departments of Experimental Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - C N Orish
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Toxicology Unit, Departments of Experimental Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Ezejiofor AN, Orish CN, Orisakwe OE. Costus afer ker gawl leaves against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Iran J Kidney Dis 2014; 8:310-313. [PMID: 25001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nephroprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Costus afer leaves was evaluated in male albino Wistar rats with gentamicin-induced kidney injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a 2-phase study, 30 weight-matched male Albino Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 animals to receive gentamicin, 90 mg/kg/d (except for the control group) for 7 days in the first phase to induce kidney injury. The second phase was treatment of rats with 375 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg, and 1125 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Costus afer leaves. One group received Silymarin only. Body weight, daily fluid and feed intakes, and serum levels of creatinine, urea, and electrolytes were monitored on a weekly basis, and renal histology was evaluated at the end of the study. RESULTS The aqueous extract of Costus afer significantly increased the feed intake and fluid intake in a dose dependent manner when compared with the gentamicin-treated group. Low and medium doses of the extract reversed the deleterious effect of gentamicin on the kidney. The extract also significantly decreased the absolute kidney weight and relative kidney weight when compared with the corresponding weights in the gentamicin-treated group. Costus afer significantly decreased serum sodium, blood urea, and serum creatinine levels and significantly increased serum potassium level in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic rats. CONCLUSIONS Aqueous extract of Costus afer leaves may attenuate gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
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Ezejiofor NA, Orish CN, Georgewill OA, Onyiorah VI, Orisakwe OE. Hepatotoxic and hematologic effects of an aqueous extract of the Nigerian herbal remedy U&D Sweet Bitter in male albino rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 20:179-86. [PMID: 19662720 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2009.20.2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The hepatotoxic and hematologic effects of the extract of a Nigerian herbal remedy, U&D Sweet Bitter, were investigated in mature Wistar albino rats. Twenty male albino rats were allocated into four dose groups of five rats each. Food and fluid intake, body weight, absolute and relative weight of the liver, and hematologic and biochemical parameters were measured. The absolute and relative weights of the liver significantly decreased (p < or = .05) when compared with controls. Doses of 539, 1077, or 1616 mg/kg of U&D Sweet Bitter given orally for 90 d induced a significant (p < .05) dose-dependent increase in aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase and decrease in alanine aminotransferase compared with controls. Hepatic and haematologic parameters of treated groups were significantly different from those of controls. Histologic examination revealed that U&D Sweet Bitter induced severe necrosis and edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Ezejiofor
- Abia State University, College of Health Sciences, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
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Orisakwe OE, Afonne OJ, Ilondu NA, Obi E, Ufearo CS, Agbasi PU, Maduka SO, Orish CN, Orish VN. Influence of prokinetics on the gastrointestinal transit and residence times of activated charcoal. J PAK MED ASSOC 2002; 52:354-6. [PMID: 12481675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find the effects of prokinetics, saline cathartics and different charcoal doses on the gastrointestinal transit and residence times of activated charcoal (AC). SETTING Five undergraduate volunteers of College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria, were studied. METHODS After an overnight fast, the volunteers were given 10 g and 20 g AC with and without saline cathartics, in a simple cross-over design in which the subjects served as their own control. In another experiment, the volunteers received 10 g AC and magnesium sulphate, with propantheline (as bromide 15 mg), metoclopramide (as hydrochloride 10 mg), placebo liquid or identical placebo capsule. Gastrointestinal transit and residence times of AC were recorded. RESULTS Increase in the dose of AC significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the transit, but not the residence time of AC. Addition of saline cathartics (Na2SO4 and MgSO4) decreased both the transit and residence times of AC significantly (P < 0.05). Also, administration of propantheline, but not metoclopramide, produced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in both the transit and residence times of AC. The transit and residence times were statistically (P < 0.05) different in both the magnesium sulphate group, as well as in the placebo liquid and placebo capsule groups. CONCLUSION Cathartic efficiency is enhanced by alteration of gastrointestinal motility with propantheline.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Orisakwe
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nnewi, Nigeria
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Abstract
We investigated the effect of ciprofloxacin on rifampicin pharmacokinetics in five healthy subjects. Each subject received 600 mg rifampicin with 350 mL of water, and in the second phase, each subject received 600 mg rifampicin plus 500 mg ciprofloxacin with 350 mL of water. In each of the two phases, plasma rifampicin levels were measured from 1 to 24 hours. Treatment with ciprofloxacin significantly increased the half-life and also significantly decreased the maximum peak concentration of rifampicin. Area under the curve time for peak plasma concentration and volume of distribution were not significantly affected. In this study, we found that ciprofloxacin increases the half-life and reduces the maximum concentration of rifampicin in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Orisakwe
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
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Abstract
We investigated the effect of the oral binder-activated charcoal on the excretion of diethylcarbamazine. Six healthy volunteers were given 150 mg diethylcarbamazine with 350 mL water each. One and 2 weeks later, they received 150 mg diethylcarbamazine plus 7.5 and 15 g activated charcoal, respectively, in 350 mL water as a charcoal slurry. Urinary levels of diethylcarbamazine were measured spectrophotometrically from 1 to 72 hours after ingestion in three different periods. Treatment with activated charcoal led to 5.4% urinary recovery of diethylcarbamazine, decreased excretion rate, and a much lower plateau indicator of reduced absorption. Activated charcoal reduces the absorption and urinary excretion rate of diethylcarbamazine by adsorbing it in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Orisakwe
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
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Abstract
The effect of activated charcoal (AC) on body clearance of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was investigated in six healthy volunteers. On three occasions at weekly intervals, each subject received 150 mg of DEC with 350 ml of water. One and two weeks later, 150 mg of DEC plus 7.5 g and 15 g of AC, respectively, in 350 ml of water as a charcoal slurry. The non-renal clearance of DEC expressed as the total body clearance of DEC was increased after treatment with AC. The 45.2, 79.6 percent and 58.6, 81.6 percent reductions in maximum concentration and area under the concentration-time curve, respectively, suggest an appreciable adsorption of DEC by AC (7.5 and 15 g) in the gut. Serum eliminating half-life was decreased upon treatment with AC (7.5 and 15 g). These results indicate that AC accelerates the body clearance of DEC by increasing non-renal elimination of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Orisakwe
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
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Orisakwe OE, Dioka CE, Okpogba AN, Orish CN, Ofoefule SI. Effect of activated charcoal on rifampicin absorption in man. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 1996; 21:51-4. [PMID: 9239805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of activated charcoal (AC) on rifampicin excretion was investigated in six healthy volunteers. On three occasions, at weekly intervals, each subject received a 600 mg rifampicin with 350 ml of water; b+c one and two weeks later, 600 mg of rifampicin plus 7.5 and 15 g AC, respectively, in 350 ml of water as a charcoal slurry. Urinary levels of rifampicin were measured form 1-36 hr after ingestion. Treatment with AC led to 1.2 per cent urinary recovery of rifampicin; decreased excretion rate; and a much lower plateau indicative of reduced absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Orisakwe
- College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Orisakwe
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra State, Nigeria
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