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Beland Lindahl K, Wilson GN, Allard C, Poelzer G. To Approve or not to Approve? A Comparative Analysis of State-Company-Indigenous Community Interactions in Mining in Canada and Sweden. Environ Manage 2024; 73:946-961. [PMID: 38446188 PMCID: PMC11023974 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This Special Section explores the interplay between Indigenous peoples, industry, and the state in five proposed and active mining projects in Canada and Sweden. The overall aim is to identify factors shaping the quality of Indigenous community-industry-state interactions in mining and mine development. An ambition underlying the research is to develop knowledge to help manage mining related land-use conflicts in Sweden by drawing on Canadian comparisons and experience. This paper synthesizes the comparative research that has been conducted across jurisdictions in three Canadian provinces and Sweden. It focuses on the interplay between the properties of the governance system, the quality of interaction and governance outcomes. We combine institutional and interactive governance theory and use the concept of governability to assess how and why specific outcomes, such as mutually beneficial interaction, collaboration, or opposition, occurred. The analysis suggests there are measures that can be taken by the Swedish Government to improve the governability of mining related issues, by developing alternative, and more effective, avenues to recognize, and protect, Sámi rights and culture, to broaden the scope and increase the legitimacy and transparency of the EIAs, to raise the quality of interaction and consultation, and to develop tools to actively stimulate and support collaboration and partnerships on equal terms. Generally, we argue that Indigenous community responses to mining must be understood within a larger framework of Indigenous self-determination, in particular the communities' own assessments of their opportunities to achieve their long-term objectives using alternative governing modes and types of interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Beland Lindahl
- Political Science, Division of Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
- Ájtte - the Swedish Mountain and Sámi Museum, Jokkmokk, Sweden.
| | - Gary N Wilson
- Department of Political Science, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Christina Allard
- Law, Division of Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Greg Poelzer
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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2
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Wilson GN, Allard C. Institutional Determinants of Mining Projects in Canada and Sweden: Insights from the Prosperity and Kallak Cases. Environ Manage 2023; 72:53-69. [PMID: 35841402 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mining has proven to be a controversial form of resource development throughout the circumpolar north. This article compares two mining projects-the proposed Prosperity gold and copper mine in central British Columbia, Canada and the proposed Kallak iron ore mine in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden-that have endured long and protracted approval processes that have caused tensions and disputes between mining companies, Indigenous peoples, communities and state actors. In an effort understand the particular development paths taken by these two mining projects, this article examines the institutional determinants that structure relationships between industry, Indigenous communities and the state in Canada and Sweden. Using an historical institutionalist theoretical approach, the article focuses on the manner in which the structural features of the political systems and the environmental assessment and permitting processes in both countries have shaped the mine approval process. It also identifies particular critical junctures-important events and decisions that influenced the trajectory of the approval processes in profound and consequential ways. The article finds that institutional determinants, both historical and contemporary, have played a critical role in determining outcomes in both cases. In particular, it demonstrates the ways in which the structures of the Canadian and Swedish political systems have historically excluded Indigenous peoples from the decision-making process for resource development projects such as mines. It also shows how broader institutional contexts, as well as specific events and decisions, have complicated and politicized the mine approval processes, a situation that has heightened tensions on all sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N Wilson
- Department of Political Science, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
| | - Christina Allard
- Division of Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Norbotten County, Sweden
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3
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Allard C, Curran D. Indigenous Influence and Engagement in Mining Permitting in British Columbia, Canada: Lessons for Sweden and Norway? Environ Manage 2023; 72:1-18. [PMID: 34698921 PMCID: PMC10220105 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mine developments in Indigenous territories risk disrupting Indigenous cultures and their economies, including spiraling already high levels of conflict. This is the situation in Canada, Sweden, and Norway, as elsewhere, and is fostered by current state legal framework that reflect historical trajectories, although circumstances are gradually changing. Promising institutional changes have taken place in British Columbia (BC), Canada, with respect to new legislative reforms. Notably, new legislation from 2019 intends to implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) in the province, by promoting consent-based and collaborative decision-making mechanisms. New environmental assessment legislation is another example; this legislation includes early engagement, collaborative decision-making, and Indigenous-led assessments. The article's aim is, first, to analyze how Indigenous communities can influence and engage in the mining permitting system of BC, and, secondly, to highlight the positive features of the BC system using a comparative lens to identify opportunities for Sweden and Norway regarding mining permitting and Indigenous rights. Applying a legal-scientific and comparative analysis, the article analyzes traditional legal sources. The article concludes that the strong points that the BC regime could offer the two Nordic countries are: the concept of reconciliation, incorporation of UNDRIP, the spectrum of consultation and engagement approaches, and the structure of environmental assessments. All three jurisdictions, however, struggle with balancing mine developments and securing Indigenous authority and influence over land uses in their traditional territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Allard
- Division of Social Sciences/Law Unit, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Deborah Curran
- Faculty of Law and School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Badon A, Marceau JB, Allard C, Fossard F, Loiseau A, Cognet L, Flahaut E, Recher G, Izard N, Martel R, Gaufrès E. Fluorescence anisotropy using highly polarized emitting dyes confined inside BNNTs. Mater Horiz 2023; 10:983-992. [PMID: 36644986 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polarized fluorescence emission of nanoscale emitters has been extensively studied for applications such as bioimaging, displays, and optical communication. Extending the polarization properties in large assemblies of compact emitters is, however, challenging because of self-aggregation processes, which can induce depolarization effects, quenching, and cancellations of molecular dipoles. Here we use α-sexithiophene (6T) molecules confined inside boron nitride nanotubes (6T@BNNTs) to induce fluorescence anisotropy in a transparent host. The experiments first indicate that individual 6T@BNNTs exhibit a high polarization extinction ratio, up to 700, at room temperature. Using aberration-corrected HRTEM, we show that the fluorescence anisotropy is consistent with a general alignment of encapsulated 6T molecules along the nanotube axis. The molecular alignment is weakly influenced by the nanotube diameter, a phenomenon ascribed to stronger molecule-to-sidewall interactions compared to intermolecular interactions. By stretching a flexible thin film made of transparent polymers mixed with 6T@BNNTs, we induce a macroscopic fluorescence anisotropy within the film. This work demonstrates that the dyes@BNNT system can be used as an easy-to-handle platform to induce fluorescence anisotropy in photonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Badon
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Institut d'Optique, CNRS UMR5298, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - J-B Marceau
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Institut d'Optique, CNRS UMR5298, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - C Allard
- Département de Génie Physique, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - F Fossard
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, UMR104, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - A Loiseau
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, UMR104, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - L Cognet
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Institut d'Optique, CNRS UMR5298, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - E Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP No. 5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - G Recher
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Institut d'Optique, CNRS UMR5298, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - N Izard
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - R Martel
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - E Gaufrès
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Institut d'Optique, CNRS UMR5298, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France.
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Robert Bigras G, Vinchon P, Allard C, Glad X, Martel R, Stafford L. Probing plasma-treated graphene using hyperspectral Raman. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:063903. [PMID: 32611065 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy provides rich optical signals that can be used, after data analysis, to assess if a graphene layer is pristine, doped, damaged, functionalized, or stressed. The area being probed by a conventional Raman spectrometer is, however, limited to the size of the laser beam (∼1 µm); hence, detailed mapping of inhomogeneities in a graphene sample requires slow and sequential acquisition of a Raman spectrum at each pixel. Studies of physical and chemical processes on polycrystalline and heterogeneous graphene films require more advanced hyperspectral Raman capable of fast imaging at a high spatial resolution over hundreds of microns. Here, we compare the capacity of two different Raman imaging schemes (scanning and global) to probe graphene films modified by a low-pressure plasma treatment and present an analysis method providing assessments of the surface properties at local defects, grain boundaries, and other heterogeneities. By comparing statistically initial and plasma-treated regions of graphene, we highlight the presence of inhomogeneities after plasma treatment linked to the initial state of the graphene surface. These results provided statistical results on the correlation between the graphene initial state and the corresponding graphene-plasma interaction. This work further demonstrates the potential use of global hyperspectral Raman imaging with advanced Raman spectra analysis to study graphene physics and chemistry on a scale of hundreds of microns.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Robert Bigras
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - P Vinchon
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - C Allard
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 5155 Chemin de la Rampe, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - X Glad
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - R Martel
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 5155 Chemin de la Rampe, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - L Stafford
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
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Chauvet-Gélinier JC, Mosca-Boidron AL, Lemogne C, Ragot S, Forestier N, Callegarin D, Allard C, Rebaï A, Bouillet B, Ponavoy E, Simoneau I, Petit JM, Bondolfi G, Callier P, Trojak B, Bonin B, Vergès B. Type A competitiveness traits correlate with downregulation of c-Fos expression in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2018; 45:582-585. [PMID: 30476653 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type A personality has been associated with increased survival in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Systemic low-grade inflammation may play a critical role, as suggested in recent reports, although the links between the inflammatory circulating transcriptome and Type A remain unknown. This prompted our exploration of the potential associations between Type A personality and c-Fos gene expression, a candidate gene closely linked to inflammatory processes, in T1D. METHODS Type A personality was assessed by Bortner questionnaire in patients with T1D, and two subscales - 'speed' and 'competitiveness' - were used to measure these specific dimensions of Type A. Expression of the c-Fos gene was assessed by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS This pilot study included 20 men with T1D. Multivariable analyses showed an independent inverse association between Type A competitiveness score and c-Fos expression, while a regression model adjusted for age, body mass index and HbA1c levels revealed a significant inverse relationship between c-Fos transcripts and Type A competitiveness (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION This strong association between Type A competitiveness and reduced c-Fos expression is in line with recent data suggesting a psychobiological influence of the Type A profile in T1D via inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Chauvet-Gélinier
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - A-L Mosca-Boidron
- Laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, plateforme de biologie hospitalo-universitaire, CHU de le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - C Lemogne
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, faculté de médecine, 75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ouest, service de psychiatrie et d'addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, centre for psychiatry and neuroscience, U894, 21000 Paris, France
| | - S Ragot
- Laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, plateforme de biologie hospitalo-universitaire, CHU de le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - N Forestier
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - D Callegarin
- Laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, plateforme de biologie hospitalo-universitaire, CHU de le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - C Allard
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - A Rebaï
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - B Bouillet
- Department of endocrinology and metabolic diseases, university hospital CHU de Le Bocage, 2, boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - E Ponavoy
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - I Simoneau
- Department of endocrinology and metabolic diseases, university hospital CHU de Le Bocage, 2, boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - J-M Petit
- Department of endocrinology and metabolic diseases, university hospital CHU de Le Bocage, 2, boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - G Bondolfi
- Service de psychiatrie de liaison et d'intervention de crise, hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Callier
- Laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, plateforme de biologie hospitalo-universitaire, CHU de le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - B Trojak
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - B Bonin
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratoire de psychopathologie et de psychologie médicale (IFR 100), université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Bourgogne-Franche-ComtéFrance
| | - B Vergès
- Department of endocrinology and metabolic diseases, university hospital CHU de Le Bocage, 2, boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Tabatabaei N, Eren AM, Barreiro LB, Yotova V, Dumaine A, Allard C, Fraser WD. Vaginal microbiome in early pregnancy and subsequent risk of spontaneous preterm birth: a case-control study. BJOG 2018; 126:349-358. [PMID: 29791775 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore differences in the vaginal microbiome between preterm and term deliveries. DESIGN Nested case-control study in 3D cohort (design, develop, discover). SETTING Quebec, Canada. SAMPLE Ninety-four women with spontaneous preterm birth as cases [17 early (<34 weeks) and 77 late (34-36 weeks) preterm birth] and 356 women as controls with term delivery (≥37 weeks). METHODS To assess the vaginal microbiome by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene in swabs self-collected during early pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparison of relative abundance of bacterial operational taxonomic units and oligotypes and identifying vaginal community state types (CSTs) in early or late spontaneous preterm and term deliveries. RESULTS Lactobacillus gasseri/ Lactobacillus johnsonii (coefficient -5.36, 95% CI -8.07 to -2.65), Lactobacillus crispatus (99%)/ Lactobacillus acidophilus (99%) (-4.58, 95% CI -6.20 to -2.96), Lactobacillus iners (99%)/ Ralstonia solanacearum (99%) (-3.98, 95% CI -6.48 to -1.47) and Bifidobacterium longum/ Bifidobacterium breve (-8.84, 95% CI -12.96 to -4.73) were associated with decreased risk of early but not late preterm birth. Six vaginal CSTs were identified: four dominated by Lactobacillus; one with presence of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria (Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae and Veillonellaceae bacterium) (CST IV); and one with nondominance of Lactobacillus (CST VI). CST IV was associated with increased risk of early (4.22, 95% CI 1.24-24.85) but not late (1.63, 95% CI 0.68-5.04) preterm birth, compared with CST VI. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus gasseri/L. johnsonii, L. crispatus/L. acidophilus, L. iners/R. solanacearum and B. longum/B. breve may be associated with decreased risk of early preterm birth. A bacterial vaginosis-related vaginal CST versus a CST nondominated by Lactobacillus may be associated with increased risk of early preterm birth. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Largest study of its kind finds certain species of vaginal Lactobacillus + Bifidobacterium may relate to lower risk of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tabatabaei
- Research Centre of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - A M Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L B Barreiro
- Research Centre of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - V Yotova
- Research Centre of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Dumaine
- Research Centre of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Allard
- Research Centre of Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - W D Fraser
- Research Centre of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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8
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Warrington NM, Richmond R, Fenstra B, Myhre R, Gaillard R, Paternoster L, Wang CA, Beaumont RN, Das S, Murcia M, Barton SJ, Espinosa A, Thiering E, Atalay M, Pitkänen N, Ntalla I, Jonsson AE, Freathy R, Karhunen V, Tiesler CMT, Allard C, Crawford A, Ring SM, Melbye M, Magnus P, Rivadeneira F, Skotte L, Hansen T, Marsh J, Guxens M, Holloway JW, Grallert H, Jaddoe VWV, Lowe Jr WL, Roumeliotaki T, Hattersley AT, Lindi V, Pahkala K, Panoutsopoulou K, Standl M, Flexeder C, Bouchard L, Aagaard Nohr E, Marina LS, Kogevinas M, Niinikoski H, Dedoussis G, Heinrich J, Reynolds RM, Lakka T, Zeggini E, Raitakari OT, Chatzi L, Inskip HM, Bustamante M, Hivert MF, Jarvelin MR, Sørensen TIA, Pennell C, Felix JF, Jacobsson B, Geller F, Evans DM, Lawlor DA. Maternal and fetal genetic contribution to gestational weight gain. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:775-784. [PMID: 28990592 PMCID: PMC5784805 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical recommendations to limit gestational weight gain (GWG) imply high GWG is causally related to adverse outcomes in mother or offspring, but GWG is the sum of several inter-related complex phenotypes (maternal fat deposition and vascular expansion, placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal growth). Understanding the genetic contribution to GWG could help clarify the potential effect of its different components on maternal and offspring health. Here we explore the genetic contribution to total, early and late GWG. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A genome-wide association study was used to identify maternal and fetal variants contributing to GWG in up to 10 543 mothers and 16 317 offspring of European origin, with replication in 10 660 mothers and 7561 offspring. Additional analyses determined the proportion of variability in GWG from maternal and fetal common genetic variants and the overlap of established genome-wide significant variants for phenotypes relevant to GWG (for example, maternal body mass index (BMI) and glucose, birth weight). RESULTS Approximately 20% of the variability in GWG was tagged by common maternal genetic variants, and the fetal genome made a surprisingly minor contribution to explain variation in GWG. Variants near the pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein 5 (PSG5) gene reached genome-wide significance (P=1.71 × 10-8) for total GWG in the offspring genome, but did not replicate. Some established variants associated with increased BMI, fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes were associated with lower early, and higher later GWG. Maternal variants related to higher systolic blood pressure were related to lower late GWG. Established maternal and fetal birth weight variants were largely unrelated to GWG. CONCLUSIONS We found a modest contribution of maternal common variants to GWG and some overlap of maternal BMI, glucose and type 2 diabetes variants with GWG. These findings suggest that associations between GWG and later offspring/maternal outcomes may be due to the relationship of maternal BMI and diabetes with GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R Richmond
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B Fenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Myhre
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Paternoster
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C A Wang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - S Das
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - S J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faulty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - M Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - N Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - I Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A E Jonsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Freathy
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - V Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - C M T Tiesler
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - C Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - A Crawford
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S M Ring
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- ALSPAC (Children of the 90s), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P Magnus
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - F Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Skotte
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Marsh
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - V W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W L Lowe Jr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - A T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - V Lindi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Health and Physical Activity, Turku, Finland
| | - K Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - M Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - L Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine and life sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - E Aagaard Nohr
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - L Santa Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Kogevinas
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - G Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - J Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R M Reynolds
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - E Zeggini
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - O T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - L Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faulty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - M Bustamante
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M-F Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine at Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M-R Jarvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - T I A Sørensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formally the Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Pennell
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalization, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - F Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Allard C, Pouliot A, Benzaquen B. P1684Risks of cardiac implantable electronic device procedures performed with uninterrupted direct oral anticoagulant therapy. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Couture E, Farand P, Nguyen M, Allard C, Afilalo J, Afilalo M, Schampaert E, Eisenberg M, Montigny M, Mansour S, Kouz S, Tardif J, Huynh T. IMPACT OF AN INVASIVE STRATEGY ON IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOMES IN NONAGENARIANS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: INSIGHTS FROM THE AMI-OPTIMA STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Allard C, Desgagné V, Patenaude J, Lacroix M, Guillemette L, Battista MC, Doyon M, Ménard J, Ardilouze JL, Perron P, Bouchard L, Hivert MF. Mendelian randomization supports causality between maternal hyperglycemia and epigenetic regulation of leptin gene in newborns. Epigenetics 2015; 10:342-51. [PMID: 25800063 PMCID: PMC4622547 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1029700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that acts in the central nervous system and regulates energy balance. Animal models and human observational studies have suggested that leptin surge in the perinatal period has a critical role in programming long-term risk of obesity. In utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia has been associated with increased risk of obesity later in life. Epigenetic mechanisms are suspected to be involved in fetal programming of long term metabolic diseases. We investigated whether DNA methylation levels near LEP locus mediate the relation between maternal glycemia and neonatal leptin levels using the 2-step epigenetic Mendelian randomization approach. We used data and samples from up to 485 mother-child dyads from Gen3G, a large prospective population-based cohort. First, we built a genetic risk score to capture maternal glycemia based on 10 known glycemic genetic variants (GRS10) and showed it was an adequate instrumental variable (β = 0.046 mmol/L of maternal fasting glucose per additional risk allele; SE = 0.007; P = 7.8 × 10(-11); N = 467). A higher GRS10 was associated with lower methylation levels at cg12083122 located near LEP (β = -0.072 unit per additional risk allele; SE = 0.04; P = 0.05; N = 166). Direction and effect size of association between the instrumental variable GRS10 and methylation at cg12083122 were consistent with the negative association we observed using measured maternal glycemia. Lower DNA methylation levels at cg12083122 were associated with higher cord blood leptin levels (β = -0.17 log of cord blood leptin per unit; SE = 0.07; P = 0.01; N = 170). Our study supports that maternal glycemia is part of causal pathways influencing offspring leptin epigenetic regulation.
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Key Words
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- CDA, Canadian Diabetes Association
- CHUS, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke
- CpGs, CG dinucleotides
- DNA methylation
- DNAm, DNA methylation
- DOHaD, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
- GCT, Glucose Challenge Test
- GDM, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
- GRS, Genetic Risk Score
- IADPSG, International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups
- IV, Instrumental Variable
- MAGIC, Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium
- MDS, Multidimensional Scaling
- MR, Mendelian Randomization
- Mendelian randomization
- OGTT, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
- SGA, Small for Gestational Age
- SNPs, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
- TSLS, Two-Stage Least Square
- fetal programming
- gestational diabetes
- glycemia
- leptin
- mQTL, methylation Quantitative Trait Locus
- obesity
- pregnancy
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Affiliation(s)
- C Allard
- Department of Mathematics; Faculty of Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - V Desgagné
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique ECOGENE-21; CSSS de Chicoutimi; Chicoutimi, QC Canada
| | - J Patenaude
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - M Lacroix
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - L Guillemette
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - MC Battista
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - M Doyon
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - J Ménard
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - JL Ardilouze
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - P Perron
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - L Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique ECOGENE-21; CSSS de Chicoutimi; Chicoutimi, QC Canada
| | - MF Hivert
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Department of Population Medicine; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
- Diabetes Unit; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA USA
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Desmoulins L, Chrétien C, Collins S, Fournel A, Grall S, Allard C, Knauf C, Fioramonti X, Penicaud L, Leloup C. O47: Modification précoce de la détection hypothalamique du glucose lors d’un régime gras et sucré : rôle de la dynamique mitotochondriale. NUTR CLIN METAB 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(14)70623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dason S, Allard C, Sheridan-Jonah A, Gill J, Jamshaid H, Aziz T, Kajal B, Kapoor A. Management of renal collecting duct carcinoma: a systematic review and the McMaster experience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:e223-32. [PMID: 23737692 DOI: 10.3747/co.20.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Collecting duct carcinoma (cdc) is a rare, aggressive form of renal carcinoma that presents at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Little is known concerning the optimal management of cdc. We present the results of a systematic review addressing the management of cdc and the McMaster University cdc series. METHODS The medline, Cochrane Library, and embase databases and conference proceedings were searched to identify studies relating to the management of cdc. Included studies reported on a minimum of 10 subjects receiving a single intervention. Series in which an evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness was not possible were excluded. The McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario) series of 6 cases of cdc were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS We identified 3 studies relevant to the management of cdc that included a total of 72 patients. A gemcitabine-cisplatin or -carboplatin regimen resulted in a 26% objective response rate in 23 patients with metastatic cdc. Two additional studies indicated that 49 patients treated with immunotherapy achieved no response. In the McMaster series, cytoreductive nephrectomy was performed in 4 of 6 patients. In 2 patients, mvac therapy (methotrexate-vinblastine-doxorubicin-cisplatin) achieved no response. No significant therapeutic complications occurred, but survival was poor (median: 11 months; range: 10-33 months). CONCLUSIONS Our review and clinical experience suggest that the current standard of care for metastatic cdc is a gemcitabine-cisplatin regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dason
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
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Brinkmann V, Raulf F, Vedrine C, Allard C. Fingolimod Treatment Reduces Circulating CD4+ Regulatory T Cells and Th17 Cells in Blood of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (P02.112). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Masquelier B, Taieb A, Reigadas S, Marchou B, Cheneau C, Spire B, Charpentier C, Leport C, Raffi F, Chene G, Descamps D, Leport C, Raffi F, Chene G, Salamon R, Moatti JP, Pierret J, Spire B, Brun-Vezinet F, Fleury H, Masquelier B, Peytavin G, Garraffo R, Costagliola D, Dellamonica P, Katlama C, Meyer L, Salmon D, Sobel A, Cuzin L, Dupon M, Duval X, Le Moing V, Marchou B, May T, Morlat P, Rabaud C, Waldner-Combernoux A, Reboud P, Couffin-Cadiergues S, Marchand L, Bouteloup V, Bouhnik AD, Brunet-Francois C, Caron V, Carrieri MP, Courcoul M, Couturier F, Hardel L, Iordache L, Kurkdji P, Martiren S, Preau M, Protopopescu C, Surzyn J, Taieb A, Villes V, Schmit JL, Chennebault JM, Faller JP, Mgy-Bertrand N, Hoen B, Drobachef, Bouchaud O, Dupon M, Longy-Boursier, Morlat P, Ragnaud JM, Granier P, Garre M, Verdon R, Merrien D, Devidas A, Sobel A, Piroth L, Perronne C, Froguel E, Ceccaldi J, Peyramond D, Allard C, Reynes J, May T, Raffi F, Fuzibet JG, Dellamonica P, Arsac P, Bouvet E, Bricaire F, Bergmann P, Cabane J, Monsonego J, Girard PM, Guillevin L, Herson S, Leport C, Meyohas MC, Molina JM, Pialoux G, Salmon D, Roblot P, Jaussaud R, Michelet C, Lucht F, Debord T, Rey D, De Jaureguiberry JP, Marchou B, Bernard L. Cellular HIV-1 DNA quantification and short-term and long-term response to antiretroviral therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:1582-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are secretory immune cells whose degranulation can provoke acute allergic reactions. It is presently unclear, however, whether an individual mast cell can repeatedly degranulate or turns dysfunctional after a single antigen stimulus. This work thus aims to better define the mast cell life cycle, with particular focus on new target structures for therapeutic or diagnostic approaches in allergy. METHODS Monoclonal antibodies were raised against degranulated cord blood-derived human mast cells. A subset of these antibodies that exclusively recognized degranulated mast cells, but did not cross-react with quiescent mast cells or other hematopoietic cell types, became key reagents in subsequent experiments. RESULTS We identified a granular variant of tetraspanin CD63 as an exclusive molecular marker of degranulated human mast cells. Mutant analyses indicate that a cysteine cluster around residue C170 and protein glycosylation at residue N172 account for the antibody specificity. Here, we show that mast cells, which underwent an initial FcεRI-mediated degranulation, can be degranulated for at least another cycle in vitro. Repeated degranulation, however, requires an IgE/antigen stimulus that differs from the preceding one. Furthermore, the new variant-specific anti-CD63 antibodies effectively impair repeated cycles of mast cell degranulation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that mast cells are stable, multiple-use cells, which are capable of surviving and delivering several consecutive hits. Surface expression of the novel CD63 variant is a distinguishing feature of such primed cells. Reagents directed against this molecular hallmark may thus become valuable diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schäfer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland.
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Allard C, Carignan A, Bergevin M, Boulais I, Tremblay V, Robichaud P, Duperval R, Pepin J. Secular changes in incidence and mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in Quebec, Canada, 1991-2005. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:421-8. [PMID: 18325037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.01965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine secular changes in the incidence and mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia before and after the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), a retrospective cohort study of 815 patients with S. aureus bacteraemia was performed in the Estrie region of Quebec, Canada, between 1991 and 2005. The primary outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality. Between 1991-1993 and 2003-2005, the proportion of cases attributed to endocarditis and pneumonia increased from 4% to 11% and from 2% to 11%, respectively, while that attributed to catheter infections decreased from 49% to 17%. MRSA was almost absent in 1991-1999, but accounted for 10% and 20% of cases in 2000-2002 and 2003-2005, respectively. The population incidence of bacteraemia caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) remained stable between 1997 and 2005, while that of MRSA increased from 0 to 7.4/100 000. Risk-factors for mortality included age, co-morbidities, female gender, residence outside the city of Sherbrooke, pneumonia (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.96-5.73) or endocarditis (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.67-5.01) as the source, and an absence of treatment. After adjusting for confounders, patients with MRSA bacteraemia had a higher mortality rate than those with MSSA bacteraemia (OR 2.21, 95% CI 0.99-4.96, p 0.053). Mortality in patients with MSSA bacteraemia was 19% (16/83) in 1991-1993, 23% (26/113) in 1994-1996, 29% (50/173) in 1997-1999, and 28% (52/185) in 2000-2002, decreasing to 15% (28/192) in 2003-2005, which impacted on the relative mortality rates of MRSA and MSSA. MRSA did not replace, but added to, an existing stable incidence of MSSA bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Allard
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Mounir R, Durieux A, Bodo E, Allard C, Simon JP, Achbani EH, El-Jaafari S, Douira A, Jijakli MH. Production, formulation and antagonistic activity of the biocontrol like-yeast Aureobasidium pullulans against Penicillium expansum. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:553-9. [PMID: 17216301 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud (Ach 1-1) was grown in a glucose fed-batch fermentor to 106 g dry wt l(-1) in 48 h. The cells were dried in a fluidized bed dryer with a final viability of 62%. After 7 months at 4 degrees C, the viability was 28% of the initial value (= 2.3 x 10(10 )c.f.u. g(-1) dry matter). A protection level of 89% was achieved with the biomass preparation at 1 x 10(8 )c.f.u. ml(-1) after 28 and 7 days for apples stored respectively at 5 and 25 degrees C against Penicillium expansum. Our process is suitable to produce large quantities of the strain Ach 1-1 as biological control agent for apple preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mounir
- Laboratoire de Phytobactériologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Meknès VN, Morocco
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El Haggan W, Ficheux M, Debruyne D, Rognant N, Lobbedez T, Allard C, Coquerel A, Ryckelynck JP, Hurault de Ligny B. Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in kidney transplant patients receiving sirolimus versus cyclosporine. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:864-6. [PMID: 15848558 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.12.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mycophenolic acid (MPA) pharmacokinetics exhibit large variability in transplant recipients and may be altered due to concurrent immunosuppressants. Little is known about the influence of sirolimus (SRL) on MPA pharmacokinetics in kidney transplant patients. METHODS We studied the areas under concentration-time curves (AUC) for MPA in 15 patients receiving immunosuppression combining SRL with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). The pharmacokinetic measurements were performed in all patients using three MMF dosing regimens (0.5 g twice a day, 0.75 g twice a day, 1 g twice a day). Similar blood AUC profiles were also sampled from 12 patients treated with a fixed dose of MMF 1 g twice a day and cyclosporine (CsA). MPA was measured using HPLC; the AUC0-12 of MPA was determined by the trapezoidal method using four sampling time points: C0, C1, C3, C5. RESULTS While patients on SRL were receiving 0.75 g MMF twice a day, mean AUC0-12 and C0 values of MPA were comparable to those of patients receiving CsA and 1 g MMF twice a day (54.1 +/- 17.6 and 3 +/- 1.87 vs 51.7 +/- 16.7 mg.h/L and 2.76 +/- 1.57 mg/L, respectively). On the other hand, 0.5 g MMF twice a day with SRL therapy resulted in AUC0-12 and C0 values of MPA of 32.3 +/- 12.6 mg.h/L and 2.32 +/- 1.72 mg/L, respectively, whereas, 1 g MMF twice a day with SRL resulted in AUC0-12 and C0 values of MPA of 70.9 +/- 19.3 mg.h/L and 4.7 +/- 2.44 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that MPA exposure in the presence of SRL is higher than that with CsA. It appears that the MMF dose should be reduced to 0.75 g twice a day in patients receiving SRL to obtain AUC0-12 of MPA levels comparable to that in patients treated with CsA and MMF 1 g twice a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- W El Haggan
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.
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21
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Vincenot-Blouin A, Timbely O, Abarah-Atassi W, Mossafa H, Allard C, Michel F, André-Kerneïs E. [Binucleated lymphocyte lymphocytosis]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 2003; 61:454-7. [PMID: 12915355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2002] [Accepted: 01/07/2003] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
We reported here a case of persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) in a 31-year-old female patient. Peripheral blood smears showed atypical binucleated lymphocytes which were polyclonal B-cells with kappa and lambda expression, and without clonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain. Cytogenetic analysis found a trisomy 8, with premature chromosome condensation. Clinically, PPBL is associated with moderated splenomegaly, adenopathy, and smoking. It remains to be established whether PPBL is a real pathology or a simple cytological abnormality.
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André-Kerneïs E, Atassi-Abarah W, Ammar NA, Soussain C, Jeandel R, Allard C, Vincenot A. [Initial leukemic phase of ALK+ anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, small cell variant]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 2002; 60:85-8. [PMID: 11830398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E André-Kerneïs
- Centre hospitalier de Meaux, 6-8, rue Saint-Fiacre, BP 218, 77104 Meaux cedex
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Marraccini P, Rogers WJ, Allard C, André ML, Caillet V, Lacoste N, Lausanne F, Michaux S. Molecular and biochemical characterization of endo-beta-mannanases from germinating coffee (Coffea arabica) grains. Planta 2001; 213:296-308. [PMID: 11469596 DOI: 10.1007/s004250100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The activity of endo-beta-mannanase ([1-->4]-beta-mannan endohydrolase EC 3.2.1.78) is likely to be central to the metabolism of cell wall mannans during the germination of grains of coffee (Coffea spp.). In the present paper, we report the cloning and sequencing of two endo-beta-mannanase cDNAs (manA and manB) by different strategies from Coffea arabica L.. The manA cDNA was obtained by the use of oligonucleotides homologous to published sequences of other endo-beta-mannanases and manB by the use of oligonucleotides deduced from a purified enzyme from coffee. ManA and B proteins share about 56% sequence homology and include highly conserved regions found in other mannan endohydrolases. Purification of the activity by chromatography followed by separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis and amino acid sequencing demonstrated the existence of at least seven isomers of the ManB form. The existence of multiple manB genes was also indicated by Southern analysis, whereas only one or two gene copies were detected for manA. Northern hybridizations with manA- and manB-specific probes showed that mRNA transcripts for both cDNAs were present at the same periods of bean germination with transcript peaks at 20 days after imbibition of water (DAI). Transcripts were not detected during grain maturation or in the other tissues such as roots, stems, flowers and leaves. The peak endo-beta-mannanase activity occurred at approximately 28 DAI and was not detected in grains prior to imbibition. Activity and mRNA levels appeared to be tightly co-ordinated. Tests of substrate specificity with the purified ManB enzyme showed that activity required a minimum of five mannose units to function efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marraccini
- Department of Plant Science, Nestlé Research Centre, Tours, France.
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) has high incidence (1/936 live births) and carrier rate (1/15 inhabitants) in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ). One objective of a major enquiry among several subsets of individuals from this high-risk population for CF was to evaluate the knowledge of the disease and its genetic transmission. The overall score of correct answers pertaining to the clinical signs of CF among medical doctors (general practitioners and specialists) was 42.2 and 65.6%, respectively; it was 84.2% for questions regarding the genetic transmission of CF. The knowledge of the clinical signs was reasonable among CF patients and their parents (about 65% of correct answers), but it was much higher for the genetics (over 88% among parents). Aunts and uncles of CF children were poorly informed of the clinical signs (33.9% of correct answers) but well informed of the genetic transmission (73.8%). Specific subsets of the SLSJ population showed important gaps in the knowledge of the clinical signs of CF but, overall, they were well informed of its genetic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Braekeleer
- Institut National d'Etudes Démorgraphiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, F-75980 Cedex 20, Paris, France.
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Chagnon YC, Bouchard C, Allard C. Isoelectric focusing of red cell phosphoglucomutase (E.C.: 2.7.5.1) at the PGM1 locus in a French-Canadian population. Hum Genet 2000; 59:36-8. [PMID: 10819019 DOI: 10.1007/bf00278851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglucomutase1 (PGM1) polymorphism was studied in a French-Canadian population of Québec city, Canada by means of a low voltage (max 500 V) isoelectric focusing (IEF) procedure on vertical polyacrylamide gel slabs. Frequencies of the four common PGM1 genes estimated from the phenotype distribution in 308 unrelated individuals were PGM1(1+), 0.61 (+/- 0.02); PGM1(1-), 0.13 (+/- 0.01); PGM1(2+), 0.18 (+/- 0.02); and PGM1(2-), 0.08 (+/- 0.01). The segregation patterns observed in 154 families, which included 31 different mating types and 353 children, confirmed a Mendelian inheritance of four autosomal genes. The distribution of the PGM1 phenotypes observed or expected in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was compared with that of other populations. A significant (P < 0.001) difference was found between the Québec population and a Black population from Keneba, Gambia, West-Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chagnon
- Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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26
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De Braekeleer M, Bellis G, Rault G, Allard C, Milot M, Simard F. Reproductive attitudes of couples having a child with cystic fibrosis in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (Quebec, Canada). Ann Genet 2000; 43:93-7. [PMID: 10998451 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3995(00)01018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) has a high incidence (1/936 live births) and carrier rate (1/15 inhabitants) in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. One objective of a major enquiry among several subsets of individuals from this high-risk population for CF was to evaluate the reproductive behaviour of couples with a CF child attending the comprehensive CF clinic in Chicoutimi. The knowledge of the recurrence risk resulted in deciding against further progeny or in reducing the number of children. More reliable contraception methods after the birth of the CF child, but not prenatal diagnosis, were used. Although a minority of parents with a CF child would abort a CF foetus, they apparently started viewing pregnancy interruption for CF after prenatal diagnosis as an acceptable reproductive option.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Braekeleer
- Institut national d'études démographiques, 133, boulevard Davout, 75890 cedex 20, Paris, France.
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Rivard SR, Allard C, Leblanc JP, Milot M, Aubin G, Simard F, Férec C, de Braekeleer M. Correlation between mutations and age in cystic fibrosis in a French Canadian population. J Med Genet 2000; 37:225-7. [PMID: 10777368 PMCID: PMC1734539 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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28
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Buret B, Vincenot A, Andreux MH, Allard C. [When immunology helps cytology....]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1998; 56:727-8. [PMID: 9853034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Buret
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Centre hospitalier, Meaux
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Braekeleer MD, Allard C, Leblanc JP, Aubin G, Simard F. Genetic Determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonization in Cystic Fibrosis Patients in Canada. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/s100960050060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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De Braekeleer M, Allard C, Leblanc JP, Simard F, Aubin G. Phenotypic variability in five cystic fibrosis patients compound heterozygous for the Y1092X mutation. Hum Hered 1998; 48:158-62. [PMID: 9618063 DOI: 10.1159/000022796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Five cystic fibrosis (CF) patients distributed in three families and compound heterozygotes for the Y1092X mutation have been followed for a period ranging from 5 to 20 years. The genealogical reconstruction identified a common ancestor couple to all 3 families at the 5th generation. All 5 patients were pancreatic insufficient. A high variability in the clinical aspects and pulmonary function was seen between the families, but not within. Based on our observations, it will be very difficult to predict the course of disease for CF patients with the Y1092X mutation, even if they are closely related (first-degree cousins).
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Braekeleer
- Département des Sciences Humaines, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Hôpital de Chicoutimi, Canada
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31
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de Braekeleer M, Mari G, Verlingue C, Allard C, Leblanc JP, Simard F, Aubin G, Férec C. Clinical features of cystic fibrosis patients with rare genotypes in Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean (Quebec, Canada). Ann Genet 1998; 40:205-8. [PMID: 9526613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe the clinical features of six cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean who bear rare genotypes. Two patients with a delta F508/I148T genotype had pancreatic insufficiency, as did two patients compound heterozygous for the 621 + 1G-->T mutation who also had a major growth retardation. One CF adult who carried a delta F508/Q890X genotype had meconium ileus and bronchiectasis. The sixth patient (A455E/R117C) had borderline sweat chloride concentrations; the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis had remained doubtful until the molecular analysis showed the presence of two CF mutations. The seventh patient with a delta F508/R1158X genotype experienced several complications and is now 43 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de Braekeleer
- Département des Sciences Humaines, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada
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32
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De Braekeleer M, Allard C, Leblanc JP, Aubin G, Simard F. Genetic determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in cystic fibrosis patients in Canada. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 17:269-71. [PMID: 9707310 DOI: 10.1007/bf01699984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at analyzing whether the rate of colonization and the age at colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was genetically determined in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. These two variables were calculated among 127 CF patients whose genotypes were known and who were monitored at the Clinique de Fibrose Kystique in Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean. No statistically significant differences were found in the rate or the age at colonization when the patients were grouped by genotype; however, this result could be due to the small number of patients in each genotype group. The rate of colonization was significantly lower among CF patients carrying the A455E mutation, a "mild" allele with respect to exocrine pancreatic function, than among those carrying either the deltaF508 or the 621 + IG- > T mutation, both of which are "severe" alleles. The results confirm previous reports that the rate of colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is, at least in part, genetically determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Braekeleer
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada
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De Braekeleer M, Allard C, Leblanc JP, Aubin G, Simard F. Is meconium ileus genetically determined or associated with a more severe evolution of cystic fibrosis? J Med Genet 1998; 35:262-3. [PMID: 9541118 PMCID: PMC1051263 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.3.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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De Braekeleer M, Allard C, Leblanc JP, Aubin G, Simard F. Correlation of sweat chloride concentration with genotypes in cystic fibrosis patients in Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec, Canada. Clin Biochem 1998; 31:33-6. [PMID: 9559222 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(97)00138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean, a geographically isolated region of northeastern Quebec has a high incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF) and three mutations only account for 94% of the CF chromosomes. The objective of the present study was to determine whether different mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene had different effects upon the sweat chloride concentration. DESIGN AND METHODS The sweat chloride concentration of 114 patients was measured by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis. RESULTS CF patients carrying the A455E mutation, usually associated with pancreatic sufficiency, had lower sweat chloride concentrations than those carrying mutations associated with pancreatic insufficiency (delta F508 and 621 + 1G-->T). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that mutations resulting in a reduction of the chloride current at the apical membrane of epithelial cells induce lower sweat chloride values. However, there are differences in the chloride current between genotypes, even if they are composed of mutations apparently having the same functional effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Braekeleer
- Département des Sciences Humaines, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada
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De Braekeleer M, Mari C, Verlingue C, Allard C, Leblanc JP, Simard F, Aubin G, Férec C. Complete identification of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations in the CF population of Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean (Quebec, Canada). Clin Genet 1998; 53:44-6. [PMID: 9550360 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.1998.531530108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, we have conducted a systematic study of 230 cystic fibrosis (CF) chromosomes in the Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) population which has a high CF incidence (1/936 live births). We identified 11 mutations accounting for 100% of the CF chromosomes found in patients born in SLSJ. Our results indicate that denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is a powerful method of identifying CF mutations. They have also considerable implications for genetic counselling and molecular characterization of doubtful patients. They make carrier screening technically feasible in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Braekeleer
- Département des Sciences Humaines, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Hôpital de Chicoutimi, Canada
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De Braekeleer M, Allard C, Leblanc JP, Simard F, Aubin G. Genotype-phenotype correlation in cystic fibrosis patients compound heterozygous for the A455E mutation. Hum Genet 1997; 101:208-11. [PMID: 9402971 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) has a high incidence in the French-Canadian population of Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean (Quebec). The A455E mutation accounts for 8.3% of the CF chromosomes. This mutation was shown to be associated with a milder lung disease in the Dutch population. Twenty two CF patients distributed in 17 families and compound heterozygotes for the A455E mutation have been followed at the Clinique de Fibrose Kystique de Chicoutimi. Fourteen patients also carried the delta F508 mutation while the remaining eight patients had the 621 + 1G-->T mutation. Each patient was matched by sex and age to a patient homozygous for the delta F508 mutation. The pairs were analyzed for several clinical and laboratory variables. The A455E compound heterozygotes were diagnosed at a later age (P = 0.003) and had chloride concentrations at the sweat test lower than those homozygous for the delta F508 mutation (P = 0.007). More patients were pancreatic sufficient (P = 0.004). They had a higher Shwachman score (P = 0.001) and better pulmonary function tests (P < 0.02). CF patients compound heterozygous for the A455E mutation have a milder pancreatic and lung disease than the delta F508 homozygotes. Therefore, the A455E should be associated with a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Braekeleer
- Département des Sciences Humaines Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada
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De Braekeleer M, Allard C, Leblanc JP, Simard F, Aubin G. Genotype-phenotype correlation in five cystic fibrosis patients homozygous for the 621 + 1G-->T mutation. J Med Genet 1997; 34:788-9. [PMID: 9321772 PMCID: PMC1051073 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.9.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Vincenot A, Buret B, Allard C. [Apropos of a case of acute leukemia]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1997; 55:339-40. [PMID: 9309235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Vincenot
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Centre hospitalier, Meaux
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De Braekeleer M, Daigneault J, Allard C, Simard F, Aubin G. Genealogy and geographical distribution of CFTR mutations in Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean (Quebec, Canada). Ann Hum Biol 1996; 23:345-52. [PMID: 8886242 DOI: 10.1080/03014469600004592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ), a region located in northeastern Quebec, has a high incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF). During the past few years the majority of the CF patients have been genotyped. The geographical distribution of the birth places of the patients and obligate carriers of the 621 + 1G-->T, the A455E and the delta F508 mutations (which accounted for 89% of the CF chromosomes) showed differences that can be explained by some degree of isolation but also by differential migration. The mean inbreeding and kinship coefficients were higher among the various CFTR mutation groups than in the general population. An ancestor couple common to most of the A455E carriers was identified. These data further substantiate the role of founder effect in the CF population of SLSJ.
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Abstract
Research comparing depressive persons with and without manic symptoms shows striking parallels with differences between augmenters and reducers on the Kinesthetic Aftereffect (KAE) task (A. Petrie, 1967). Twenty-three community-dwelling older adults identified by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (S. R. Hathaway & J. C. McKinley, 1951) as depressive without manic symptoms were compared with 24 older adults with manic symptoms on the KAE, the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1985), and Strelau (J. Strelau, 1983) Temperament Inventory. As hypothesized, augmentation was related to depression without manic symptoms, and reduction was related to depression with manic symptoms. Stepwise discriminant analyses indicated that the KAE is a potent discriminator between the 2 types of depression. Three characteristics of Strelau's "strength of nervous system"--excitation, and inhibition and mobility--discriminate significantly between the 2 groups as well as NEO extraversion and conscientiousness. Results suggest that older depressive persons with and without manic symptoms may benefit from different therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Allard
- Département de psychologie, Université Laurentienne, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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41
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De Braekeleer M, Daigneault J, Aubin G, Simard F, Allard C, Fujiwara MT, Morgan K. Phenotypic heterogeneity in CF sibs compound heterozygous for the G85E and 621 + 1G-->T mutations. Clin Genet 1995; 47:110-1. [PMID: 7606844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1995.tb03939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Deschênes G, Allard C, Benoit S, Lejars O, Lamagnére JP, Nivet H. Hodgkin's disease following steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 1994; 8:395-6. [PMID: 7917876 DOI: 10.1007/bf00866377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
The authors assessed life events during the year before the onset of panic disorder in 57 panic patients with a lifetime history of major depression. Compared with a group of 43 panic patients without major depression, the group with depression had experienced more severe events. The clinical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed in the context of current concepts regarding the role of recent life events in comorbidity of panic disorder and major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Servant
- Anxiety Unit, University Hospital, Lille, France
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45
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Savadogo O, Allard C. The hydrogen evolution reaction in an acid medium on nickel electrodeposited with SiW12O 40 4? or SiMo12O 40 4? from electrolytes of various anionic compositions. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Allard C, Cartier A, Ghezzo H, Malo JL. Occupational asthma due to various agents. Absence of clinical and functional improvement at an interval of four or more years after cessation of exposure. Chest 1989; 96:1046-9. [PMID: 2805834 DOI: 10.1378/chest.96.5.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that in some subjects with occupational asthma caused by various agents, there is no improvement approximately two years after exposure ended. These results could be explained by the short interval between diagnosis and follow-up. In the current study, we saw 28 subjects with occupational asthma at two intervals, 2.3 years (range, three months to 5.7 years) and 5.8 years (range, 4.3 to 10.9 years) after the cessation of exposure. Various causes of occupational asthma were included. The diagnosis was confirmed in 26 of the cases by specific inhalation challenges in the laboratory, and in the remaining two cases by combined monitoring of peak expiratory flow rates and bronchial responsiveness. All subjects had symptoms of asthma at both follow-up assessments. There were no changes in the need for medication, spirometry, or bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Depending on the interval of the follow-up, four to six subjects required inhaled steroid agents in addition to the usual bronchodilators, 11 had FEV1 less than 80 percent of predicted, and 26 or 27 had an abnormal PC 20 histamine. Only two subjects demonstrated sustained improvement in PC 20 at the first and second follow-ups, and one other showed changes during the second follow-up assessment which were not present at the first. We conclude that except for three subjects, the need for medication did not diminish, nor did airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness improve in this group of subjects with occupational asthma long after exposure ended. These results differ from other studies, which demonstrated that some recovery takes place in a greater proportion of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Allard
- Department of Chest Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Montreal, Canada
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Pérusse L, Després JP, Tremblay A, Leblanc C, Talbot J, Allard C, Bouchard C. Genetic and environmental determinants of serum lipids and lipoproteins in French Canadian families. Arteriosclerosis 1989; 9:308-18. [PMID: 2719593 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.9.3.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of genetic and environmental factors in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and HDL-C/CHOL ratio were studied in 1630 subjects from 375 families of French descent by using a path analysis procedure. Familial correlations were computed in several pairs of biological relatives and relatives by adoption after adjustment for age and gender effects and after further adjustment for physical fitness, level of habitual physical activity, total body fat and fat distribution, diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The model of path analysis allowed the separation of transmissible variance (t2) into genetic (h2) and cultural (b2) components of inheritance. Under the most parsimonious solution and after adjustment for age, gender, and concomitants, the transmissible variance was entirely accounted for by genetic factors (t2 = h2), with h2 estimates of 0.52, 0.55, 0.60, and 0.63 for TG, CHOL, LDL-C, HDL-C, and HDL-C/CHOL, respectively. These estimates were similar to those obtained after adjustment for age and gender effects only. The contribution of nontransmissible environmental factors ranged from 0.48 for TG to 0.37 for HDL-C/CHOL ratio. These results suggest that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the variation in blood lipids and lipoproteins in this population and that nongenetic influences are not associated with cultural factors transmitted across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pérusse
- Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Allard C. List of published articles. Can Vet J 1989; 30:354-5. [PMID: 17423304 PMCID: PMC1681220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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Abstract
Alveolar macrophage-derived plasminogen activator (PA) activity is decreased in some chronic interstitial lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis but increased in experimental models of acute alveolitis. Although asbestos fibers can stimulate alveolar macrophages (AM) to release PA in vitro, the effect of chronic asbestos exposure of the lower respiratory tract on lung PA activity remains unknown. The present study was designed to evaluate PA activity of alveolar macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in asbestos-exposed sheep and asbestos workers. Forty-three sheep were exposed to either 100 mg UICC chrysotile B asbestos in 100 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or to 100 ml PBS by tracheal infusion every 2 wk for 18 months. At Month 18, chest roentgenograms were analyzed and alveolar macrophage and extracellular fluid PA activity were measured in samples obtained by BAL. Alveolar macrophage PA activity was increased in the asbestos-exposed sheep compared to control sheep (87.2 +/- 17.3 versus 41.1 +/- 7.2 U/10(5) AM-24 h, p less than 0.05) as was the BAL fluid PA activity (674.9 +/- 168.4 versus 81.3 +/- 19.7 U/mg alb-24 h, p less than 0.01). Among the asbestos-exposed sheep, 10 had normal chest roentgenograms (Group SA) and 15 had irregular interstitial opacities (Group SB). Strikingly, whereas Group SA did not differ from the control group in BAL cellularity or PA activity, Group SB had marked increases in alveolar macrophages (p less than 0.005), AM PA activity (p less than 0.02), and BAL PA activity (p less than 0.001) compared to the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cantin
- Unité de Recherche Pulmonaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Allard C. Labelling and advertising pet foods. Can Vet J 1988; 29:403-8. [PMID: 17423042 PMCID: PMC1680919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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