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Khalaf FK, Dube P, Kleinhenz AL, Malhotra D, Gohara A, Drummond CA, Tian J, Haller ST, Xie Z, Kennedy DJ. Proinflammatory Effects of Cardiotonic Steroids Mediated by NKA α-1 (Na+/K+-ATPase α-1)/Src Complex in Renal Epithelial Cells and Immune Cells. Hypertension 2019; 74:73-82. [PMID: 31132948 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTSs) are NKA α-1 (Na+/K+-ATPase α-1) ligands that are increased in volume expanded states and associated with cardiac and renal diseases. Although initiation and resolution of inflammation is an important component of cellular injury and repair in renal disease, it is unknown whether CTS activation of NKA α-1 signaling in this setting regulates this inflammatory response. On this background, we hypothesized that CTS signaling through the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex promotes a proinflammatory response in renal epithelial and immune cells. First, we observed that the CTS telocinobufagin activated multiple proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in renal epithelial cells, and these effects were attenuated after either NKA α-1 knockdown or with a specific inhibitor of the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex (pNaKtide). Similar findings were observed in immune cells, where we demonstrated that while telocinobufagin induced both oxidative burst and enhanced Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in macrophages ( P<0.05), the effects were abolished in NKA α-1+/- macrophages or by pretreatment with pNaKtide or the Src inhibitor PP2 ( P<0.01). In a series of in vivo studies, we found that 5/6th partial nephrectomy induced significantly less oxidative stress in the remnant kidney of NKA α-1+/- versus wild-type mice. Similarly, 5/6th partial nephrectomy yielded decreased levels of the urinary oxidative stress marker 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in NKA α-1+/- versus wild-type mice. Finally, we found that in vivo inhibition of the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex with pNaKtide significantly inhibited renal proinflammatory gene expression after 5/6th partial nephrectomy. These findings suggest that the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex plays a central role in regulating the renal inflammatory response induced by elevated CTS both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah K Khalaf
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Andrew L Kleinhenz
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Amira Gohara
- Department of Pathology (A.G.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Jiang Tian
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Steven T Haller
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (Z.X.)
| | - David J Kennedy
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
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Drummond CA, Pielemeier R, Sweet J, DeVries J, Gesaman J, LaBar M, Nugent G, Johnson MD. Abstract 225: Comparison of Myocardial Infarction and Congestive Heart Failure Induced Through Interventional Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Yorkshire (Domestic), Yucatan, and Göttingen Swine. Circ Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/res.123.suppl_1.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Swine are important translational research models for developing and gaining regulatory approval for novel therapies for heart failure. Three swine species in particular are utilized in these studies, the Domestic Yorkshire (DY), Yucatan Minipigs (Yuc), and Göttingen minipigs (Gott). Selecting the right swine breed is important to the translational success of novel therapies and is the source of debate in the field. The current study compared interventionally induced Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a method that mimics clinical myocardial infarction and subsequent heart failure, in these breeds. Interventional IRI was induced by occluding the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery for 90 minutes using a PTCA balloon placed distal to the first diagonal branch. Yuc have the highest rate of survival of the three breeds following a 90 min occlusion (81%; 56 out of 69), Gott survival was 70% (28 out of 40), and DY survival was 57% (75 out of 131). Assessment of serum levels of Cardiac Troponin I (CTnI) revealed significant increases in this parameter that peak at 3 hrs following occlusion. Gott have the highest levels at 122ng/mL, followed by Yuc (99ng/mL), and DY (85ng/mL) at this time point. Functionally, all three breeds displayed an Ejection Fraction assessed by echocardiography of less than 40%, with Gott having the lowest mean, followed by Yuc, and DY. These levels remain low or decrease slightly over 1 to 4 months. Magnetic Resonance imaging demonstrates infarct sizes are approximately 25% of the left ventricle following 1 month and decreasing over time to 22% at 2 months post and 13% 4 months post. Additionally, all three species lose their hemodynamic responsiveness to dobutamine challenge following IRI. All three breeds respond similarly to IRI functionally and structurally, and they develop the clinical features of congestive heart failure, the main distinguishing factor in the current study was survival of the IRI procedure. Based on this data, factors such as rate of body weight gain in relation to the ability to obtain functional endpoints, availability, and other practical considerations should drive the selection of breed for translational studies.
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Fan X, Ashraf UM, Drummond CA, Shi H, Zhang X, Kumarasamy S, Tian J. Characterization of a Long Non-Coding RNA, the Antisense RNA of Na/K-ATPase α1 in Human Kidney Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072123. [PMID: 30037072 PMCID: PMC6073804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are important regulators of protein-coding genes. The current study characterized an antisense long non-coding RNA, ATP1A1-AS1, which is located on the opposite strand of the Na/K-ATPase α1 gene. Our results show that four splice variants are expressed in human adult kidney cells (HK2 cells) and embryonic kidney cells (HEK293 cells). These variants can be detected in both cytosol and nuclear fractions. We also found that the inhibition of DNA methylation has a differential effect on the expression of ATP1A1-AS1 and its sense gene. To investigate the physiological role of this antisense gene, we overexpressed the ATP1A1-AS1 transcripts, and examined their effect on Na/K-ATPase expression and related signaling function in human kidney cells. The results showed that overexpression of the ATP1A1-AS1-203 transcript in HK2 cells reduced the Na/K-ATPase α1 (ATP1A1) gene expression by approximately 20% (p < 0.05), while reducing the Na/K-ATPase α1 protein synthesis by approximately 22% (p < 0.05). Importantly, overexpression of the antisense RNA transcript attenuated ouabain-induced Src activation in HK2 cells. It also inhibited the cell proliferation and potentiated ouabain-induced cell death. These results demonstrate that the ATP1A1-AS1 gene is a moderate negative regulator of Na/K-ATPase α1, and can modulate Na/K-ATPase-related signaling pathways in human kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Usman M Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
- MPI Research, Mattawan, MI 49071, USA.
| | - Huilin Shi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Drummond CA, Fan X, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ, Liu J, Tian J. Na/K-ATPase signaling mediates miR-29b-3p regulation and cardiac fibrosis formation in mice with chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197688. [PMID: 29775473 PMCID: PMC5959191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Na/K-ATPase is an important membrane ion transporter and a signaling receptor that is essential for maintaining normal cell function. The current study examined the role of Na/K-ATPase signaling in regulating miR-29b-3p, an anti-fibrotic microRNA, in a mouse chronic kidney disease (CKD) model (5/6th partial nephrectomy or PNx). The results showed that CKD induced significant reduction of miR-29b-3p expression in the heart tissue by activation of Src and NFκB signaling in these animals. To demonstrate the role of Na/K-ATPase signaling, we also performed the PNx surgery on Na/K-ATPase α1 heterozygous (α1+/-) mice, which expresses ~40% less Na/K-ATPase α1 compared to their wild type littermates (WT) and exhibits deficiency in Na/K-ATPase signaling. We found that CKD did not significantly change the miR-29b-3p expression in heart tissue from the α1+/- animals. We also found that CKD failed to activate Src and NFκB signaling in these animals. Using isolated cardiac fibroblasts from α1+/- mice and their WT littermates, we showed that ouabain, a specific Na/K-ATPase ligand, induces decreased miR-29b-3p expression in fibroblasts isolated from WT mice, but had no effect in cells from α1+/- mice. Inhibition of NFκB by Bay11-7082 prevented ouabain-induced miR-29b-3p reduction in WT fibroblasts. To further confirm the in vivo effect of Na/K-ATPase signaling in regulation of miR-29b-3p and cardiac fibrosis in CKD animals, we used pNaKtide, a Src inhibiting peptide derived from the sequence of Na/K-ATPase, to block the activation of Na/K-ATPase signaling. The result showed that pNaKtide injection significantly increased miR-29b-3p expression and mitigated the CKD-induced cardiac fibrosis in these animals. These results clearly demonstrated that Na/K-ATPase signaling is an important mediator in CKD that regulates miR-29b-3p expression and cardiac fibrosis, which provides a novel target for regulation of miR-29b-3p in CKD. We also demonstrate that antagonizing Na/K-ATPase signaling by pNaKtide can reduce organ fibrosis through the stimulation of tissue miR-29b-3p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Medicine at the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine at the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine at the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States of America
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine at the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Alasmari F, Crotty Alexander LE, Drummond CA, Sari Y. A computerized exposure system for animal models to optimize nicotine delivery into the brain through inhalation of electronic cigarette vapors or cigarette smoke. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:622-628. [PMID: 29989025 PMCID: PMC6035328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies investigated the effects of chronic exposure to nicotine on lungs, kidneys and brains using animal models. Most of these studies delivered nicotine into the circulatory and central nervous systems (CNS) through intraperitoneal injection or oral consumption methods. Few studies used inhalation machine system for nicotine delivery into brains in rodents to mimic human exposure to cigarettes. However, finding a more accurate and clinically relevant method of nicotine delivery is critical. A computerized inhalation machine has been designed (SciReq) and is currently employed in several institutions. The computerized machine delivers electronic (e)-cigarette vapor as well as tobacco smoke to rodents using marketed e-cigarette devices or tobacco cigarettes. This provides evidence about clinical effects of nicotine delivery by traditional methods (combustible cigarettes) and new methodologies (e-cigarettes) in physiological systems. Potential neurobiological mechanisms for the development of nicotine dependence have been determined recently in mice exposed to e-cigarette vapors in our laboratory using SciReq system. In this review article, the discussion focuses on the efficiency and practical applicability of using this computerized inhalation exposure system in inducing significant changes in brain protein expression and function as compared to other nicotine delivery methods. The SciReq inhalation system utilized in our laboratory and others is a method of nicotine delivery to the CNS, which has physiological relevance and mimics human inhalant exposures. Translation of the effects of inhaled nicotine on the CNS into clinical settings could provide important health considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, MC 111J, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California at San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Crotty Alexander LE, Drummond CA, Hepokoski M, Mathew D, Moshensky A, Willeford A, Das S, Singh P, Yong Z, Lee JH, Vega K, Du A, Shin J, Javier C, Tian J, Brown JH, Breen EC. Chronic inhalation of e-cigarette vapor containing nicotine disrupts airway barrier function and induces systemic inflammation and multiorgan fibrosis in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R834-R847. [PMID: 29384700 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00270.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic (e)-cigarettes theoretically may be safer than conventional tobacco. However, our prior studies demonstrated direct adverse effects of e-cigarette vapor (EV) on airway cells, including decreased viability and function. We hypothesize that repetitive, chronic inhalation of EV will diminish airway barrier function, leading to inflammatory protein release into circulation, creating a systemic inflammatory state, ultimately leading to distant organ injury and dysfunction. C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice underwent nose only EV exposure daily for 3-6 mo, followed by cardiorenal physiological testing. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells were grown at an air-liquid interface and exposed to EV for 15 min daily for 3-5 days before functional testing. Daily inhalation of EV increased circulating proinflammatory and profibrotic proteins in both C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice: the greatest increases observed were in angiopoietin-1 (31-fold) and EGF (25-fold). Proinflammatory responses were recapitulated by daily EV exposures in vitro of human airway epithelium, with EV epithelium secreting higher IL-8 in response to infection (227 vs. 37 pg/ml, respectively; P < 0.05). Chronic EV inhalation in vivo reduced renal filtration by 20% ( P = 0.017). Fibrosis, assessed by Masson's trichrome and Picrosirius red staining, was increased in EV kidneys (1.86-fold, C57BL/6; 3.2-fold, CD-1; P < 0.05), heart (2.75-fold, C57BL/6 mice; P < 0.05), and liver (1.77-fold in CD-1; P < 0.0001). Gene expression changes demonstrated profibrotic pathway activation. EV inhalation altered cardiovascular function, with decreased heart rate ( P < 0.01), and elevated blood pressure ( P = 0.016). These data demonstrate that chronic inhalation of EV may lead to increased inflammation, organ damage, and cardiorenal and hepatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | | | - Mark Hepokoski
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Denzil Mathew
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Alex Moshensky
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Andrew Willeford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Prabhleen Singh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California.,Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Zach Yong
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Jasmine H Lee
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Kevin Vega
- Department of Pathology, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Ashley Du
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - John Shin
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Christian Javier
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Jiang Tian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Ellen C Breen
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
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Xie JX, Fan X, Drummond CA, Majumder R, Xie Y, Chen T, Liu L, Haller ST, Brewster PS, Dworkin LD, Cooper CJ, Tian J. MicroRNA profiling in kidney disease: Plasma versus plasma-derived exosomes. Gene 2017; 627:1-8. [PMID: 28587849 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have advanced rapidly in recent years for use in diagnostic and prognostic applications. One important aspect of this advancement is the growth in our understanding of microRNA (miRNA) biology. The measurement of miRNAs packaged within exosomes, which are constantly released into the blood stream, may reflect pathological changes within the body. The current study performed miRNA profiling using plasma and plasma-derived exosome samples from two animal models of kidney disease, the 5/6th partial nephrectomy (PNx) and two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) models. The RT-qPCR-based profiling results revealed that the overall miRNA expression level was much higher in plasma than in plasma-derived exosomes. With 200μl of either plasma or exosomes derived from the same volume of plasma, 629 out of 665 total miRNAs analyzed were detectable in plasma samples from sham-operated rats, while only 403 were detectable in exosomes with a cutoff value set at 35cycles. Moreover, the average miRNA expression level in plasma was about 16-fold higher than that in exosomes. We also found a select subset of miRNAs that were enriched within exosomes. The number of detectable miRNAs from plasma-derived exosomes was increased in rats subjected to PNx or 2K1C surgery compared to sham-operated animals. Importantly, we found that the changes of individual miRNAs measured in plasma had very poor concordance with that measured in plasma-derived exosomes in both animal models, suggesting that miRNAs in plasma and plasma-derived exosomes are differentially regulated in these disease conditions. Interestingly, PNx and 2K1C surgeries induced similar changes in miRNA expression, implying that common pathways were activated in these two disease models. Pathway analyses using DIANA-miRPath v3.0 showed that significantly changed exosomal miRNAs were associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction and mucin type-O-glycan synthesis pathways, which are related with tissue fibrosis and kidney injury, respectively. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that due to the differential changes in miRNAs, the measurement of exosomal miRNAs cannot be replaced by the measurement of miRNAs in plasma, or vice versa. We also showed that a set of miRNAs related with kidney injury and organ fibrosis were dysregulated in plasma-derived exosomes from animal models of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey X Xie
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - Reetam Majumder
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yanmei Xie
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Tian Chen
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lijun Liu
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - Lance D Dworkin
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - Jiang Tian
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Wang X, Liu J, Drummond CA, Shapiro JI. Sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) as a therapeutic target for uremic cardiomyopathy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:531-541. [PMID: 28338377 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1311864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinically, patients with significant reductions in renal function present with cardiovascular dysfunction typically termed, uremic cardiomyopathy. It is a progressive series of cardiac pathophysiological changes, including left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and hypertrophy (LVH) which sometimes progress to left ventricular dilation (LVD) and systolic dysfunction in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Uremic cardiomyopathy is almost ubiquitous in patients afflicted with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Areas covered: This article reviews recent epidemiology, pathophysiology of uremic cardiomyopathy and provide a board overview of Na/K-ATPase research with detailed discussion on the mechanisms of Na/K-ATPase/Src/ROS amplification loop. We also present clinical and preclinical evidences as well as molecular mechanism of this amplification loop in the development of uremic cardiomyopathy. A potential therapeutic peptide that targets on this loop is discussed. Expert opinion: Current clinical treatment for uremic cardiomyopathy remains disappointing. Targeting the ROS amplification loop mediated by the Na/K-ATPase signaling function may provide a novel therapeutic target for uremic cardiomyopathy and related diseases. Additional studies of Na/K-ATPase and other strategies that regulate this loop will lead to new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- a Joan C Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University , Huntington , WV , United States.,b University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo , OH , United States
| | - Jiang Liu
- a Joan C Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University , Huntington , WV , United States
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- b University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo , OH , United States
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- a Joan C Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University , Huntington , WV , United States
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Drummond CA, Brewster PS, He W, Ren K, Xie Y, Tuttle KR, Haller ST, Jamerson K, Dworkin LD, Cutlip DE, Murphy TP, D’Agostino RB, Henrich WL, Tian J, Shapiro JI, Cooper CJ. Cigarette smoking and cardio-renal events in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173562. [PMID: 28306749 PMCID: PMC5357000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking causes cardiovascular disease and is associated with poor kidney function in individuals with diabetes mellitus and primary kidney diseases. However, the association of smoking on patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis has not been studied. The current study utilized data from the Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL, NCT00081731) clinical trial to evaluate the effects of smoking on the risk of cardio-renal events and kidney function in this population. Baseline data showed that smokers (n = 277 out of 931) were significantly younger at enrollment than non-smokers (63.3±9.1 years vs 72.4±7.8 years; p<0.001). In addition, patients who smoke were also more likely to have bilateral renal artery stenoses and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Longitudinal analysis showed that smokers experienced composite endpoint events (defined as first occurrence of: stroke; cardiovascular or renal death; myocardial infarction; hospitalization for congestive heart failure; permanent renal replacement; and progressive renal insufficiency defined as 30% reduction of GFR from baseline sustained for ≥ 60 days) at a substantially younger age compared to non-smokers (67.1±9.0 versus 76.1±7.9, p<0.001). Using linear regression and generalized linear modeling analysis controlled by age, sex, and ethnicity, smokers had significantly higher cystatin C levels (1.3±0.7 vs 1.2±0.9, p<0.01) whereas creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were not different from non-smokers. From these data we conclude that smoking has a significant association with deleterious cardio-renal outcomes in patients with renovascular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Drummond
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Pamela S. Brewster
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Wencan He
- Department of Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Kaili Ren
- Department of Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Yanmei Xie
- Department of Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Katherine R. Tuttle
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Providence Health Care, Spokane, WA, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Jamerson
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Lance D. Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Donald E. Cutlip
- Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Timothy P. Murphy
- Departments of Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | | | - William L. Henrich
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio TX, United States of America
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
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10
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Ren K, Drummond CA, Brewster PS, Haller ST, Tian J, Cooper CJ, Zhang B. An alternative empirical likelihood method in missing response problems and causal inference. Stat Med 2016; 35:5009-5028. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Ren
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics; The University of Toledo; Toledo 43606 OH U.S.A
| | | | | | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine; The University of Toledo; Toledo 43614 OH U.S.A
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine; The University of Toledo; Toledo 43614 OH U.S.A
| | | | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics; The University of Toledo; Toledo 43606 OH U.S.A
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11
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Drummond CA, Crotty Alexander LE, Haller ST, Fan X, Xie JX, Kennedy DJ, Liu J, Yan Y, Hernandez DA, Mathew DP, Cooper CJ, Shapiro JI, Tian J. Cigarette smoking causes epigenetic changes associated with cardiorenal fibrosis. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:950-960. [PMID: 27789733 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00070.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that smoking combustible cigarettes promotes progression of renal and cardiac injury, leading to functional decline in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, basic studies using in vivo small animal models that mimic clinical pathology of CKD are lacking. To address this issue, we evaluated renal and cardiac injury progression and functional changes induced by 4 wk of daily combustible cigarette smoke exposure in the 5/6th partial nephrectomy (PNx) CKD model. Molecular evaluations revealed that cigarette smoke significantly (P < 0.05) decreased renal and cardiac expression of the antifibrotic microRNA miR-29b-3 and increased expression of molecular fibrosis markers. In terms of cardiac and renal organ structure and function, exposure to cigarette smoke led to significantly increased systolic blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac and renal fibrosis, and decreased renal function. These data indicate that decreased expression of miR-29b-3p is a novel mechanism wherein cigarette smoke promotes accelerated cardiac and renal tissue injury in CKD. (155 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Drummond
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio;
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, California; and
| | - Steven T Haller
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey X Xie
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - David J Kennedy
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Yanling Yan
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Dawn-Alita Hernandez
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine (Critical Care and Sleep Medicine), University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Denzil P Mathew
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, California; and
| | - Christopher J Cooper
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Jiang Tian
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
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12
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Liu J, Tian J, Chaudhry M, Maxwell K, Yan Y, Wang X, Shah PT, Khawaja AA, Martin R, Robinette TJ, El-Hamdani A, Dodrill MW, Sodhi K, Drummond CA, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ, Abraham NG, Xie Z, Shapiro JI. Attenuation of Na/K-ATPase Mediated Oxidant Amplification with pNaKtide Ameliorates Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34592. [PMID: 27698370 PMCID: PMC5048179 DOI: 10.1038/srep34592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) can effect the amplification of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we examined whether attenuation of oxidant stress by antagonism of Na/K-ATPase oxidant amplification might ameliorate experimental uremic cardiomyopathy induced by partial nephrectomy (PNx). PNx induced the development of cardiac morphological and biochemical changes consistent with human uremic cardiomyopathy. Both inhibition of Na/K-ATPase oxidant amplification with pNaKtide and induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) markedly attenuated the development of phenotypical features of uremic cardiomyopathy. In a reversal study, administration of pNaKtide after the induction of uremic cardiomyopathy reversed many of the phenotypical features. Attenuation of Na/K-ATPase oxidant amplification may be a potential strategy for clinical therapy of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Jiang Tian
- University of Toledo, College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave. Toledo, OH 43614 United States
| | - Muhammad Chaudhry
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Kyle Maxwell
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Yanling Yan
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Preeya T Shah
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Asad A Khawaja
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Rebecca Martin
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Tylor J Robinette
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Adee El-Hamdani
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Michael W Dodrill
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- University of Toledo, College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave. Toledo, OH 43614 United States
| | - Steven T Haller
- University of Toledo, College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave. Toledo, OH 43614 United States
| | - David J Kennedy
- University of Toledo, College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave. Toledo, OH 43614 United States
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States.,New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595-1554 United States
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive Huntington, 25701 United States
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13
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Haller ST, Yan Y, Drummond CA, Xie J, Tian J, Kennedy DJ, Shilova VY, Xie Z, Liu J, Cooper CJ, Malhotra D, Shapiro JI, Fedorova OV, Bagrov AY. Rapamycin Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis in Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy by Reducing Marinobufagenin Levels and Inhibiting Downstream Pro-Fibrotic Signaling. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.004106. [PMID: 27694325 PMCID: PMC5121507 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental uremic cardiomyopathy causes cardiac fibrosis and is causally related to the increased circulating levels of the cardiotonic steroid, marinobufagenin (MBG), which signals through Na/K-ATPase. Rapamycin is an inhibitor of the serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) implicated in the progression of many different forms of renal disease. Given that Na/K-ATPase signaling is known to stimulate the mTOR system, we speculated that the ameliorative effects of rapamycin might influence this pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Biosynthesis of MBG by cultured human JEG-3 cells is initiated by CYP27A1, which is also a target for rapamycin. It was demonstrated that 1 μmol/L of rapamycin inhibited production of MBG in human JEG-2 cells. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either partial nephrectomy (PNx), infusion of MBG, and/or infusion of rapamycin through osmotic minipumps. PNx animals showed marked increase in plasma MBG levels (1025±60 vs 377±53 pmol/L; P<0.01), systolic blood pressure (169±1 vs 111±1 mm Hg; P<0.01), and cardiac fibrosis compared to controls. Plasma MBG levels were significantly decreased in PNx-rapamycin animals compared to PNx (373±46 vs 1025±60 pmol/L; P<0.01), and cardiac fibrosis was substantially attenuated by rapamycin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin treatment in combination with MBG infusion significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis. Our results suggest that rapamycin may have a dual effect on cardiac fibrosis through (1) mTOR inhibition and (2) inhibiting MBG-mediated profibrotic signaling and provide support for beneficial effect of a novel therapy for uremic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Haller
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Yanling Yan
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | | | - Joe Xie
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Jiang Tian
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - David J Kennedy
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Victoria Y Shilova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zijian Xie
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | | | - Deepak Malhotra
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Olga V Fedorova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alexei Y Bagrov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
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Haller ST, Kumarasamy S, Folt DA, Wuescher LM, Stepkowski S, Karamchandani M, Waghulde H, Mell B, Chaudhry M, Maxwell K, Upadhyaya S, Drummond CA, Tian J, Filipiak WE, Saunders TL, Shapiro JI, Joe B, Cooper CJ. Targeted disruption of Cd40 in a genetically hypertensive rat model attenuates renal fibrosis and proteinuria, independent of blood pressure. Kidney Int 2016; 91:365-374. [PMID: 27692815 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High blood pressure is a common cause of chronic kidney disease. Because CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, has been linked to the progression of kidney disease in ischemic nephropathy, we studied the role of Cd40 in the development of hypertensive renal disease. The Cd40 gene was mutated in the Dahl S genetically hypertensive rat with renal disease by targeted-gene disruption using zinc-finger nuclease technology. These rats were then given low (0.3%) and high (2%) salt diets and compared. The resultant Cd40 mutants had significantly reduced levels of both urinary protein excretion (41.8 ± 3.1 mg/24 h vs. 103.7 ± 4.3 mg/24 h) and plasma creatinine (0.36 ± 0.05 mg/dl vs. 1.15 ± 0.19 mg/dl), with significantly higher creatinine clearance compared with the control S rats (3.04 ± 0.48 ml/min vs. 0.93 ± 0.15 ml/min), indicating renoprotection was conferred by mutation of the Cd40 locus. Furthermore, the Cd40 mutants had a significant attenuation in renal fibrosis, which persisted on the high salt diet. However, there was no difference in systolic blood pressure between the control and Cd40 mutant rats. Thus, these data serve as the first evidence for a direct link between Cd40 and hypertensive nephropathy. Hence, renal fibrosis is one of the underlying mechanisms by which Cd40 plays a crucial role in the development of hypertensive renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - David A Folt
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Leah M Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Stanislaw Stepkowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Manish Karamchandani
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Harshal Waghulde
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Blair Mell
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Muhammad Chaudhry
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kyle Maxwell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Siddhi Upadhyaya
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Wanda E Filipiak
- Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas L Saunders
- Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher J Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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15
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Yan Y, Shapiro AP, Mopidevi BR, Chaudhry MA, Maxwell K, Haller ST, Drummond CA, Kennedy DJ, Tian J, Malhotra D, Xie ZJ, Shapiro JI, Liu J. Protein Carbonylation of an Amino Acid Residue of the Na/K-ATPase α1 Subunit Determines Na/K-ATPase Signaling and Sodium Transport in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003675. [PMID: 27613772 PMCID: PMC5079028 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have demonstrated that cardiotonic steroids, such as ouabain, signaling through the Na/K-ATPase, regulate sodium reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. By direct carbonylation modification of the Pro222 residue in the actuator (A) domain of pig Na/K-ATPase α1 subunit, reactive oxygen species are required for ouabain-stimulated Na/K-ATPase/c-Src signaling and subsequent regulation of active transepithelial (22)Na(+) transport. In the present study we sought to determine the functional role of Pro222 carbonylation in Na/K-ATPase signaling and sodium handling. METHODS AND RESULTS Stable pig α1 knockdown LLC-PK1-originated PY-17 cells were rescued by expressing wild-type rat α1 and rat α1 with a single mutation of Pro224 (corresponding to pig Pro222) to Ala. This mutation does not affect ouabain-induced inhibition of Na/K-ATPase activity, but abolishes the effects of ouabain on Na/K-ATPase/c-Src signaling, protein carbonylation, Na/K-ATPase endocytosis, and active transepithelial (22)Na(+) transport. CONCLUSIONS Direct carbonylation modification of Pro224 in the rat α1 subunit determines ouabain-mediated Na/K-ATPase signal transduction and subsequent regulation of renal proximal tubule sodium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Anna P Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Brahma R Mopidevi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Muhammad A Chaudhry
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Kyle Maxwell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | | | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Zi-Jian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, JCE School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
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16
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Shi H, Drummond CA, Fan X, Haller ST, Liu J, Malhotra D, Tian J. Hiding inside? Intracellular expression of non-glycosylated c-kit protein in cardiac progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:795-806. [PMID: 27161312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells including c-kit(+) cells and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) play important roles in cardiac repair and regeneration. CDCs were reported to contain only small subpopulations of c-kit(+) cells and recent publications suggested that depletion of the c-kit(+) subpopulation of cells has no effect on regenerative properties of CDCs. However, our current study showed that the vast majority of CDCs from murine heart actually express c-kit, albeit, in an intracellular and non-glycosylated form. Immunostaining and flow cytometry showed that the fluorescent signal indicative of c-kit immunostaining significantly increased when cell membranes were permeabilized. Western blots further demonstrated that glycosylation of c-kit was increased during endothelial differentiation in a time dependent manner. Glycosylation inhibition by 1-deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride (1-DMM) blocked c-kit glycosylation and reduced expression of endothelial cell markers such as Flk-1 and CD31 during differentiation. Pretreatment of these cells with a c-kit kinase inhibitor (imatinib mesylate) also attenuated Flk-1 and CD31 expression. These results suggest that c-kit glycosylation and its kinase activity are likely needed for these cells to differentiate into an endothelial lineage. In vivo, we found that intracellular c-kit expressing cells are located in the wall of cardiac blood vessels in mice subjected to myocardial infarction. In summary, our work demonstrated for the first time that c-kit is not only expressed in CDCs but may also directly participate in CDC differentiation into an endothelial lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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17
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Drummond CA, Hill MC, Shi H, Fan X, Xie JX, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ, Liu J, Garrett MR, Xie Z, Cooper CJ, Shapiro JI, Tian J. Na/K-ATPase signaling regulates collagen synthesis through microRNA-29b-3p in cardiac fibroblasts. Physiol Genomics 2015; 48:220-9. [PMID: 26702050 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00116.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and dysfunction, which are commonly referred to as uremic cardiomyopathy. Our previous studies found that Na/K-ATPase ligands or 5/6th partial nephrectomy (PNx) induces cardiac fibrosis in rats and mice. The current study used in vitro and in vivo models to explore novel roles for microRNA in this mechanism of cardiac fibrosis formation. To accomplish this, we performed microRNA profiling with RT-qPCR based arrays on cardiac tissue from rats subjected to marinobufagenin (MBG) infusion or PNx. The analysis showed that a series of fibrosis-related microRNAs were dysregulated. Among the dysregulated microRNAs, microRNA (miR)-29b-3p, which directly targets mRNA of collagen, was consistently reduced in both PNx and MBG-infused animals. In vitro experiments demonstrated that treatment of primary cultures of adult rat cardiac fibroblasts with Na/K-ATPase ligands induced significant increases in the fibrosis marker, collagen protein, and mRNA expression compared with controls, whereas miR-29b-3p expression decreased >50%. Transfection of miR-29b-3p mimics into cardiac fibroblasts inhibited cardiotonic steroids-induced collagen synthesis. Moreover, a specific Na/K-ATPase signaling antagonist, pNaKtide, prevented ouabain-induced increases in collagen synthesis and decreases in miR-29b-3p expression in these cells. In conclusion, these data are the first to indicate that signaling through Na/K-ATPase regulates miRNAs and specifically, miR-29b-3p expression both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, these data indicate that miR-29b-3p expression plays an important role in the formation of cardiac fibrosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Drummond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Michael C Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Huilin Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey X Xie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medicine, and Molecular and Genomics Core, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Christopher J Cooper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio;
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18
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Drummond CA, Sayed M, Evans KL, Shi H, Wang X, Haller ST, Liu J, Cooper CJ, Xie Z, Shapiro JI, Tian J. Reduction of Na/K-ATPase affects cardiac remodeling and increases c-kit cell abundance in partial nephrectomized mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1631-43. [PMID: 24748592 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00102.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the role of Na/K-ATPase α1-subunit in animals subjected to 5/6th partial nephrectomy (PNx) using Na/K-ATPase α1-heterozygous (α1(+/-)) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates. After PNx, both WT and α1(+/-) animals displayed diastolic dimension increases, increased blood pressure, and increased cardiac hypertrophy. However, in the α1(+/-) animals we detected significant increases in cardiac cell death in PNx animals. Given that reduction of α1 elicited increased cardiac cell death with PNx, while at the same time these animals developed cardiac hypertrophy, an examination of cardiac cell number, and proliferative capabilities of those cells was carried out. Cardiac tissues were probed for the progenitor cell marker c-kit and the proliferation marker ki-67. The results revealed that α1(+/-) mice had significantly higher numbers of c-kit-positive and ki-67-positive cells, especially in the PNx group. We also found that α1(+/-) mice express higher levels of stem cell factor, a c-kit ligand, in their heart tissue and had higher circulating levels of stem cell factor than WT animals. In addition, PNx induced significant enlargement of cardiac myocytes in WT mice but has much less effect in α1(+/-) mice. However, the total cell number determined by nuclear counting is higher in α1(+/-) mice with PNx compared with WT mice. We conclude that PNx induces hypertrophic growth and high blood pressure regardless of Na/K-ATPase content change. However, total cardiac cell number as well as c-kit-positive cell number is increased in α1(+/-) mice with PNx.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moustafa Sayed
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - Huilin Shi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Physiology Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio; and
| | | | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | | | - Zijian Xie
- Department of Physiology Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio; and
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio;
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19
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Sayed M, Drummond CA, Evans KL, Haller ST, Liu J, Xie Z, Tian J. Effects of Na/K-ATPase and its ligands on bone marrow stromal cell differentiation. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:12-23. [PMID: 24793006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous ligands of Na/K-ATPase have been demonstrated to increase in kidney dysfunction and heart failure. It is also reported that Na/K-ATPase signaling function effects stem cell differentiation. This study evaluated whether Na/K-ATPase activation through its ligands and associated signaling functions affect bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells) differentiation capacity. BMSCs were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in minimal essential medium alpha (MEM-α) supplemented with 15% Fetal Bovine serum (FBS). The results showed that marinobufagenin (MBG), a specific Na/K-ATPase ligand, potentiated rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis in these BMSCs. Meanwhile, it attenuated BMSC osteogenesis. Mechanistically, MBG increased CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) protein expression through activation of an extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which leads to enhanced rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis. Inhibition of ERK activation by U0126 blocks the effect of MBG on C/EBPα expression and on rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis. Reciprocally, MBG reduced runt-related transcription factor 2 (RunX2) expression, which resulted in the inhibition of osteogenesis induced by β-glycerophosphate/ascorbic acid. MBG also potentiated rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in mouse BMSCs. These results suggest that Na/K-ATPase and its signaling functions are involved in the regulation of BMSCs differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Sayed
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Kaleigh L Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Zijian Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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20
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Haller ST, Drummond CA, Yan Y, Liu J, Tian J, Malhotra D, Shapiro JI. Passive immunization against marinobufagenin attenuates renal fibrosis and improves renal function in experimental renal disease. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:603-9. [PMID: 24014658 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that the cardiotonic steroid marinobufagenin (MBG) is elevated in clinical and experimental renal disease, and significantly contributes to the development of experimental uremic cardiomyopathy induced by removal of five-sixths of the kidney (5/6 nephrectomy; PNx) in the rat. We have demonstrated that both active and passive immunization against MBG with an anti-MBG monoclonal antibody (mAb 3E9) significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis following PNx. In the present study we sought to determine whether the use of mAb 3E9 could improve renal function following PNx. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either mAb 3E9 or with DigiFab (an affinity-purified anti-digoxin antibody formerly named Digibind) during the fourth week after PNx. Sham-operated animals and PNx animals treated with an IgG antibody served as controls. Plasma, urine, and renal tissue were collected at the completion of the study to determine the effects of antibody treatment on renal function. RESULTS In PNx rats, treatments with mAb 3E9 and DigiFab, respectively, significantly reduced plasma creatinine, improved creatinine clearance, and reduced proteinuria below the values of these three measures in IgG-treated PNx controls. Additionally, treatment with mAb 3E9 and DigiFab significantly reduced renal fibrosis as measured with Western blotting and Sirius red/Fast green staining. CONCLUSIONS Passive immunization against MBG significantly improved renal function and markedly reduced renal fibrosis following the experimental induction of renal disease. The work in the study reported here adds to a growing body of knowledge implicating MBG in the development of chronic renal disease. Passive immunization against cardiotonic steroids may serve as a promising treatment for chronic renal disease.
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21
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Haller ST, Evans KL, Folt DA, Drummond CA, Cooper CJ. Mechanisms and treatments for renal artery stenosis. Discov Med 2013; 16:255-260. [PMID: 24333404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is a common and complicated disease, which can result in high blood pressure and loss of kidney function. Although progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of hypertension in relation to ARAS, much less progress has been made in the area of renal function. Here we discuss current treatment options in regard to medical therapy and revascularization. We also describe the proposed mechanisms leading to renal dysfunction, including the CD40 signaling cascade, which is a particularly attractive signaling mechanism that may provide a mechanistic rationale for the development of renal disease in ARAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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22
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Drummond CA, Buddny G, Haller ST, Liu J, Yan Y, Xie Z, Malhotra D, Shapiro JI, Tian J. Gender differences in the development of uremic cardiomyopathy following partial nephrectomy: Role of progesterone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2. [PMID: 24404431 PMCID: PMC3880896 DOI: 10.4172/2167-1095.1000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gender difference has been suggested as a risk factor for developing cardiovascular and renal diseases in humans and experimental animals. As a major sex hormone, progesterone was reported to compete with cardiotonic steroid binding to Na/K-ATPase. Our previous publication demonstrated that cardiotonic steroids (e.g., marinobufagenin) play an important role in the development of experimental uremic cardiomyopathy. We also observed that the putative mineralocorticoid antagonists, spironolactone and its major metabolite canrenone, antagonize binding of cardiotonic steroids to Na/K-ATPase in a competitive manner and also ameliorate experimental uremic cardiomyopathy induced by partial nephrectomy. In the following studies, we noted that progesterone displayed competitive inhibition of cardiotonic steroid binding to Na/K-ATPase and partially inhibited collagen synthesis induced by marinobufagenin in cultured cardiac fibroblasts. Therefore, we sought to examine whether female rats displayed less uremic cardiomyopathy than male rats when subjected to partial nephrectomy. Although partial nephrectomy caused the induction of smaller increases in blood pressure of female rats, they appeared to be similarly susceptible to cardiac remodeling induced by partial nephrectomy in terms of hypertrophy and fibrosis as age-matched male rats. The possible explanations for our findings are therefore discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Buddny
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Jiang Liu
- Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Yanling Yan
- Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Zijian Xie
- Physiology/Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
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23
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Vandock KP, Drummond CA, Smith SL, Fioravanti CF. Midgut and fatbody mitochondrial transhydrogenase activities during larval-pupal development of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. J Insect Physiol 2010; 56:774-779. [PMID: 20138054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Midgut and fatbody mitochondria from fifth larval instar Manduca sexta display a membrane-associated transhydrogenase that catalyzes a reversible hydride ion transfer between NADP(H) and NAD(H). The NADPH-forming activity occurs as a nonenergy- or energy-linked activity with energy for the latter derived from either electron transport-dependent NADH or succinate utilization, or ATP hydrolysis by Mg(++)-dependent ATPase. During the ten-day developmental period preceding the larval-pupal molt (fifth larval instar), significant peaks in the mitochondrial transhydrogenase activities of midgut and fatbody tissues were noted and these peaks were coincident with the onset of wandering behavior and with the fifty-fold increase in ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (E20-M) activity previously reported for M. sexta midgut. Since E20-M preferentially uses NADPH in catalyzing ecdysone conversion to the physiologically active molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, the physiological and developmental significance of the mitochondrial, NADPH-forming energy-linked transhydrogenations were made apparent. Moreover, that the increases in all transhydrogenase activities resulted from de novo enzyme synthesis were indicated by the cycloheximide-dependent reductions in these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt P Vandock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
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24
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Drummond CA, Vandock KP, Smith SL, Fioravanti CF. Cyclic 3', 5' guanosine monophosphate and larval midgut ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 157:33-8. [PMID: 20451652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During the last larval stadium of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, midgut ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (E20M) activity increases 50-fold coincident with wandering onset. In our study, the effects of the ecdysone agonist RH-5849 and second messengers, dibutyryl cyclic 3', 5' adenosine monophosphate (dibutyryl cAMP) and dibutyryl cyclic 3', 5' guanosine monophosphate (dibutyryl cGMP), either alone or combined with other additives, on midgut E20M were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Pre-incubation of midguts with dibutyryl cAMP was ineffective, but dibutyryl cGMP elevated E20M activity. In vivo, the 50-fold increase in E20M activity was diminished by injections of guanylate cyclase inhibitors alone or combined with RH-5849. Guanylate cyclase inhibitor effects were significantly diminished when co-injected with dibutyryl cGMP, or a guanylate cyclase activator. Although dibutyryl cGMP injections into head- or thorax-ligated pre-wandering larvae did not elevate midgut E20M activity, they did synergize when co-injected with a suboptimal dose of RH-5849, thereby eliciting significant activity increases. Radioimmunoassays of midgut cGMP content throughout the M. sexta fifth larval instar revealed that levels of cGMP significantly increased between days four and five consistent with the 50-fold E20M activity increase. These data indicate cGMP involvement in the ecdysone-mediated increase in midgut E20M activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Drummond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
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25
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Bambirra EA, de Souza Andrade J, Cesarini I, Rodrigues PA, Drummond CA. The tumoral form of schistosomiasis: report of a case with cerebellar involvement. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1984; 33:76-9. [PMID: 6696188 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumoral form of schistosomiasis mansoni is rare and has not been described in the brain, in which schistosome eggs usually elicit a granulomatous inflammation. A 20-year-old Brazilian man had the tumoral form of schistosomiasis of the cerebellum which was treated surgically. Histological study of the excised cerebellar mass demonstrated a massive granulomatous reaction around Schistosoma mansoni eggs and massive necrotic areas. To our knowledge, this is the first case of schistosomiasis mansoni of the brain presenting as a posterior fossa mass with the characteristic necrotic granulomas.
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