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Watson F, Becker MS, Smit D, Droge E, Mukula T, Martens S, Mwaba S, Christianson D, Creel S, Brennan A, M'soka J, Gaylard A, Simukonda C, Nyirenda M, Mayani B. Predation strongly limits demography of a keystone migratory herbivore in a recovering transfrontier ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9414. [PMID: 36262265 PMCID: PMC9575999 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large herbivore migrations are imperiled globally; however the factors limiting a population across its migratory range are typically poorly understood. Zambia's Greater Liuwa Ecosystem (GLE) contains one of the largest remaining blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus taurinus) migrations, yet the population structure, vital rates, and limiting factors are virtually unknown. We conducted a long‐term demographic study of GLE wildebeest from 2012 to 2019 of 107 collared adult females and their calves, 7352 herd observations, 12 aerial population surveys, and concurrent carnivore studies. We applied methods of vital rate estimation and survival analysis within a Bayesian estimation framework. From herd composition observations, we estimated rates of fecundity, first‐year survival, and recruitment as 68%, 56%, and 38% respectively, with pronounced interannual variation. Similar rates were estimated from calf‐detections with collared cows. Adult survival rates declined steadily from 91% at age 2 years to 61% at age 10 years thereafter dropping more sharply to 2% at age 16 years. Predation, particularly by spotted hyena, was the predominant cause of death for all wildebeest ages and focused on older animals. Starvation only accounted for 0.8% of all unbiased known natural causes of death. Mortality risk differed substantially between wet and dry season ranges, reflecting strong spatio‐temporal differences in habitat and predator densities. There was substantial evidence that mortality risk to adults was 27% higher in the wet season, and strong evidence that it was 45% higher in the migratory range where predator density was highest. The estimated vital rates were internally consistent, predicting a stable population trajectory consistent with aerial estimates. From essentially zero knowledge of GLE wildebeest dynamics, this work provides vital rates, age structure, limiting factors, and a plausible mechanism for the migratory tendency, and a robust model‐based foundation to evaluate the effects of potential restrictions in migratory range, climate change, predator–prey dynamics, and poaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Watson
- California State University Monterey BaySeasideCaliforniaUSA,Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia
| | - Matthew S. Becker
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,Conservation Biology and Ecology Program, Department of EcologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Daan Smit
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia
| | - Egil Droge
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Teddy Mukula
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,African Parks Zambia, Liuwa Plain National ParkKalaboZambia,Worldwide Fund for NatureLusakaZambia
| | | | - Shadrach Mwaba
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,Worldwide Fund for NatureLusakaZambia
| | - David Christianson
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Scott Creel
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,Conservation Biology and Ecology Program, Department of EcologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA,Institutionen för Vilt, Fisk och Miljö, Sveriges LantbruksuniversitetUmeåSweden
| | | | - Jassiel M'soka
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,U.S. Agency for International DevelopmentLusakaZambia
| | - Angela Gaylard
- African Parks Zambia, Liuwa Plain National ParkKalaboZambia
| | - Chuma Simukonda
- Zambia Department of National Parks and WildlifeChilangaZambia
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Becker MS, Almeida J, Begg C, Bertola L, Breitenmoser C, Breitenmoser U, Coals P, Funston P, Gaylard A, Groom R, Henschel P, Ikanda D, Jorge A, Kruger J, Lindsey P, Maimbo H, Mandisodza-Chikerema R, Maude G, Mbizah M, Miller SM, Mudongo E, Mwape H, Mweetwa T, Naude V, Nyirenda VR, Parker A, Parker D, Reid C, Robson A, Sayer E, Selier SAJ, Sichande M, Simukonda C, Uiseb K, Williams VL, Zimba D, Hunter L. Guidelines for evaluating the conservation value of African lion (Panthera leo) translocations. Front Conserv Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.963961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the top predator in African ecosystems, lions have lost more than 90% of their historical range, and few countries possess strong evidence for stable populations. Translocations (broadly defined here as the capture and movement of lions for various management purposes) have become an increasingly popular action for this species, but the wide array of lion translocation rationales and subsequent conservation challenges stemming from poorly conceived or unsuitable translocations warrants additional standardized evaluation and guidance. At their best, translocations fill a key role in comprehensive strategies aimed at addressing the threats facing lions and fostering the recovery of wild populations in their historic range. At their worst, translocations can distract from addressing the major threats to wild populations and habitats, divert scarce funding from more valuable conservation actions, exacerbate conflict with humans in recipient sites, disrupt local lion demography, and undermine the genetic integrity of wild lion populations in both source and recipient sites. In the interest of developing best practice guidelines for deciding when and how to conduct lion translocations, we discuss factors to consider when determining whether a translocation is of conservation value, introduce a value assessment for translocations, and provide a decision matrix to assist practitioners in improving the positive and reducing the negative outcomes of lion translocation.
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Goodheart B, Creel S, Vinks MA, Banda K, Reyes de Merkle J, Kusler A, Dart C, Banda K, Becker MS, Indala P, Simukonda C, Kaluka A. African wild dog movements show contrasting responses to long and short term risk of encountering lions: analysis using dynamic Brownian bridge movement models. Mov Ecol 2022; 10:16. [PMID: 35361272 PMCID: PMC8974231 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prey depletion is a threat to the world's large carnivores, and is likely to affect subordinate competitors within the large carnivore guild disproportionately. African lions limit African wild dog populations through interference competition and intraguild predation. When lion density is reduced as a result of prey depletion, wild dogs are not competitively released, and their population density remains low. Research examining distributions has demonstrated spatial avoidance of lions by wild dogs, but the effects of lions on patterns of movement have not been tested. Movement is one of the most energetically costly activities for many species and is particularly costly for cursorial hunters like wild dogs. Therefore, testing how top-down, bottom-up, and anthropogenic variables affect movement patterns can provide insight into mechanisms that limit wild dogs (and other subordinate competitors) in resource-depleted ecosystems. METHODS We measured movement rates using the motion variance from dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Models (dBBMMs) fit to data from GPS-collared wild dogs, then used a generalized linear model to test for effects on movement of predation risk from lions, predictors of prey density, and anthropogenic and seasonal variables. RESULTS Wild dogs proactively reduced movement in areas with high lion density, but reactively increased movement when lions were immediately nearby. Predictors of prey density had consistently weaker effects on movement than lions did, but movements were reduced in the wet season and when dependent offspring were present. CONCLUSION Wild dogs alter their patterns of movement in response to lions in ways that are likely to have important energetic consequences. Our results support the recent suggestion that competitive limitation of wild dogs by lions remains strong in ecosystems where lion and wild dog densities are both low as a result of anthropogenic prey depletion. Our results reinforce an emerging pattern that movements often show contrasting responses to long-term and short-term variation in predation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Goodheart
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, PO Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia.
| | - Scott Creel
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, PO Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia
- Insitutioned För Vilt, Fisk Och Miljö, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Milan A Vinks
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, PO Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia
- Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, 490 North Meridian Road, Kalispell, MT, 59901, USA
| | - Kambwiri Banda
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, PO Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia
| | - Johnathan Reyes de Merkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, PO Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia
| | - Anna Kusler
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, PO Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia
| | - Chase Dart
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, PO Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia
| | - Kachama Banda
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, PO Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia
| | - Matthew S Becker
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, PO Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia
| | - Peter Indala
- Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Private Bag 80, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chuma Simukonda
- Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Private Bag 80, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Adrian Kaluka
- Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Private Bag 80, Lusaka, Zambia
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Changula K, Simulundu E, Lombe BP, Nakayama E, Miyamoto H, Takahashi Y, Sawa H, Simukonda C, Hang’ombe BM, Takada A. Serological Evidence of Filovirus Infection in Nonhuman Primates in Zambia. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071283. [PMID: 34209295 PMCID: PMC8309988 DOI: 10.3390/v13071283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolaviruses and marburgviruses are filoviruses that are known to cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). While some bat species are suspected to be natural reservoirs of these filoviruses, wild NHPs often act as intermediate hosts for viral transmission to humans. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we screened two NHP species, wild baboons and vervet monkeys captured in Zambia, for their serum IgG antibodies specific to the envelope glycoproteins of filoviruses. From 243 samples tested, 39 NHPs (16%) were found to be seropositive either for ebolaviruses or marburgviruses with endpoint antibody titers ranging from 100 to 25,600. Interestingly, antibodies reactive to Reston virus, which is found only in Asia, were detected in both NHP species. There was a significant difference in the seropositivity for the marburgvirus antigen between the two NHP species, with baboons having a higher positive rate. These results suggest that wild NHPs in Zambia might be nonlethally exposed to these filoviruses, and this emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of filovirus infection in wild animals to better understand the ecology of filoviruses and to assess potential risks of outbreaks in humans in previously nonendemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katendi Changula
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (K.C.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (E.S.); (H.S.)
- Macha Research Trust, P.O. Box 630166, Choma 20100, Zambia
| | - Boniface Pongombo Lombe
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (H.M.); (Y.T.)
- Central Veterinary Laboratory of Kinshasa, Kinshasa BP 8842, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Pedagogic University, Kinshasa BP 8815, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Eri Nakayama
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-0052, Japan;
| | - Hiroko Miyamoto
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (H.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (H.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (E.S.); (H.S.)
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Chuma Simukonda
- Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Chilanga 10101, Zambia;
| | - Bernard M. Hang’ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (K.C.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (E.S.); (H.S.)
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (H.M.); (Y.T.)
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-9502
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Vinks MA, Creel S, Schuette P, Becker MS, Rosenblatt E, Sanguinetti C, Banda K, Goodheart B, Young-Overton K, Stevens X, Chifunte C, Midlane N, Simukonda C. Response of lion demography and dynamics to the loss of preferred larger prey. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02298. [PMID: 33434324 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large carnivores are experiencing range contraction and population declines globally. Prey depletion due to illegal offtake is considered a major contributor, but the effects of prey depletion on large carnivore demography are rarely tested. We measured African lion density and tested the factors that affect survival using mark-recapture models fit to six years of data from known individuals in Kafue National Park (KNP), Zambia. KNP is affected by prey depletion, particularly for large herbivores that were preferred prey for KNP lions a half-century ago. This provides a unique opportunity to test whether variables that explain local prey density also affect lion survival. Average lion density within our study area was 3.43 individuals/100 km2 (95% CI, 2.79-4.23), which was much lower than lion density reported for another miombo ecosystem with similar vegetation structure and rainfall that was less affected by prey depletion. Despite this, comparison to other lion populations showed that age- and sex-specific survival rates for KNP lions were generally good, and factors known to correlate with local prey density had small effects on lion survival. In contrast, recruitment of cubs was poor and average pride size was small. In particular, the proportion of the population comprised of second-year cubs was low, indicating that few cubs are recruited into the subadult age class. Our findings suggest that low recruitment might be a better signal of low prey density than survival. Thus, describing a lion population's age structure in addition to average pride size may be a simple and effective method of initially evaluating whether a lion population is affected by prey depletion. These dynamics should be evaluated for other lion populations and other large carnivore species. Increased resource protection and reducing the underlying drivers of prey depletion are urgent conservation needs for lions and other large carnivores as their conservation is increasingly threatened by range contraction and population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan A Vinks
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Zambia
| | - Scott Creel
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Zambia
- Institut för Vilt, Fisk Och Miljö, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul Schuette
- Marine Mammals Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 East Tudor Road, Anchorage, Alaska, 99503, USA
| | - Matthew S Becker
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Zambia
| | - Elias Rosenblatt
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, Aiken Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | | | | | - Ben Goodheart
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Zambia
| | - Kim Young-Overton
- Panthera, 8 West 40 Street, Floor 18, New York, New York, 10018, USA
| | - Xia Stevens
- Panthera, 8 West 40 Street, Floor 18, New York, New York, 10018, USA
| | - Clive Chifunte
- Institut för Vilt, Fisk Och Miljö, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Umeå, Sweden
- Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Neil Midlane
- Wilderness Safaris, Block H, The Terraces, Steenberg Office Park, 1 Silverwood Close, Tokai, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chuma Simukonda
- Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Chilanga, Zambia
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6
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Vinks MA, Creel S, Schuette P, Rosenblatt E, Matandiko W, Sanguinetti C, Banda K, Goodheart B, Becker M, Chifunte C, Simukonda C. Testing the effects of anthropogenic pressures on a diverse African herbivore community. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milan A. Vinks
- Conservation Biology and Ecology Program Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman Montana59717USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme Mfuwe Zambia
| | - Scott Creel
- Conservation Biology and Ecology Program Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman Montana59717USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme Mfuwe Zambia
- Department of Wildlife Fish and Environmental Studies Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet Umeå90183Sweden
| | - Paul Schuette
- Zambian Carnivore Programme Mfuwe Zambia
- Alaska Center for Conservation Science University of Alaska Anchorage Anchorage Alaska99508USA
| | - Elias Rosenblatt
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Aiken Center University of Vermont Burlington Vermont05405USA
| | - Wigganson Matandiko
- Conservation Biology and Ecology Program Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman Montana59717USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme Mfuwe Zambia
| | | | | | - Ben Goodheart
- Conservation Biology and Ecology Program Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman Montana59717USA
- Zambian Carnivore Programme Mfuwe Zambia
| | | | - Clive Chifunte
- Department of Wildlife Fish and Environmental Studies Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet Umeå90183Sweden
- Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife Lusaka Zambia
| | - Chuma Simukonda
- Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife Lusaka Zambia
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Creel S, Spong G, Becker M, Simukonda C, Norman A, Schiffthaler B, Chifunte C. Carnivores, competition and genetic connectivity in the Anthropocene. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16339. [PMID: 31705017 PMCID: PMC6841969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current extinction rates are comparable to five prior mass extinctions in the earth’s history, and are strongly affected by human activities that have modified more than half of the earth’s terrestrial surface. Increasing human activity restricts animal movements and isolates formerly connected populations, a particular concern for the conservation of large carnivores, but no prior research has used high throughput sequencing in a standardized manner to examine genetic connectivity for multiple species of large carnivores and multiple ecosystems. Here, we used RAD SNP genotypes to test for differences in connectivity between multiple ecosystems for African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) and lions (Panthera leo), and to test correlations between genetic distance, geographic distance and landscape resistance due to human activity. We found weaker connectivity, a stronger correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance, and a stronger correlation between genetic distance and landscape resistance for lions than for wild dogs, and propose a new hypothesis that adaptations to interspecific competition may help to explain differences in vulnerability to isolation by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Creel
- Department of Ecology, 310 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA. .,Institutionen för Vilt, Fisk och Miljö, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Skogsmarksgränd, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden. .,Zambian Carnivore Programme, P.O.Box 90 Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia.
| | - Göran Spong
- Institutionen för Vilt, Fisk och Miljö, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Skogsmarksgränd, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden.,Zambian Carnivore Programme, P.O.Box 90 Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia.,Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, 110 Brooks Ave, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Matthew Becker
- Zambian Carnivore Programme, P.O.Box 90 Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia
| | - Chuma Simukonda
- Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Private Bag 1, Kafue Road, Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Anita Norman
- Institutionen för Vilt, Fisk och Miljö, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Skogsmarksgränd, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bastian Schiffthaler
- Artedigränd 7, Fysiologisk botanik, UPSC, Umeå universitet, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clive Chifunte
- Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Private Bag 1, Kafue Road, Chilanga, Zambia
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngawo Namukonde
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences; University of Hamburg; Hamburg 20148 Germany
- Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences; School of Natural Resources; Copperbelt University; P.O. Box 21672 Kitwe Zambia
| | - Chuma Simukonda
- Department of National Parks and Wildlife; Ministry of Tourism and Art; P/Bag 1 Chilanga Zambia
| | - Jörg U. Ganzhorn
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences; University of Hamburg; Hamburg 20148 Germany
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Simulundu E, Ishii A, Igarashi M, Mweene AS, Suzuki Y, Hang'ombe BM, Namangala B, Moonga L, Manzoor R, Ito K, Nakamura I, Sawa H, Sugimoto C, Kida H, Simukonda C, Chansa W, Chulu J, Takada A. Characterization of influenza A viruses isolated from wild waterfowl in Zambia. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:1416-1427. [PMID: 21367986 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.030403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the quest to clarify the role of wild birds in the spread of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) has yielded considerable data on AIVs in wild birds worldwide, information regarding the ecology and epidemiology of AIVs in African wild birds is still very limited. During AIV surveillance in Zambia (2008-2009), 12 viruses of distinct subtypes (H3N8, H4N6, H6N2, H9N1 and H11N9) were isolated from wild waterfowl. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that all the isolates were of the Eurasian lineage. Whilst some genes were closely related to those of AIVs isolated from wild and domestic birds in South Africa, intimating possible AIV exchange between wild birds and poultry in southern Africa, some gene segments were closely related to those of AIVs isolated in Europe and Asia, thus confirming the inter-regional AIV gene flow among these continents. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of internal proteins revealed that several isolates harboured particular residues predominantly observed in human influenza viruses. Interestingly, the isolates with human-associated residues exhibited higher levels of virus replication in the lungs of infected mice and caused more morbidity as measured by weight loss than an isolate lacking such residues. This study stresses the need for continued monitoring of AIVs in wild and domestic birds in southern Africa to gain a better understanding of the emergence of strains with the potential to infect mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Simulundu
- Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Manabu Igarashi
- Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yuka Suzuki
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Boniface Namangala
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ladslav Moonga
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Rashid Manzoor
- Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kimihito Ito
- Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Japan Science and Technology Agency Basic Research Programs, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Chuma Simukonda
- Zambia Wildlife Authority, Kafue Road, Private Bag 1, Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Wilbroad Chansa
- Zambia Wildlife Authority, Kafue Road, Private Bag 1, Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Jack Chulu
- Zambia Wildlife Authority, Kafue Road, Private Bag 1, Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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