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Chan YKS, Affendi YA, Ang PO, Baria-Rodriguez MV, Chen CA, Chui APY, Giyanto, Glue M, Huang H, Kuo CY, Kim SW, Lam VYY, Lane DJW, Lian JS, Lin SMNN, Lunn Z, Nañola CL, Nguyen VL, Park HS, Suharsono, Sutthacheep M, Vo ST, Vibol O, Waheed Z, Yamano H, Yeemin T, Yong E, Kimura T, Tun K, Chou LM, Huang D. Decadal stability in coral cover could mask hidden changes on reefs in the East Asian Seas. Commun Biol 2023; 6:630. [PMID: 37301948 PMCID: PMC10257672 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs in the Central Indo-Pacific region comprise some of the most diverse and yet threatened marine habitats. While reef monitoring has grown throughout the region in recent years, studies of coral reef benthic cover remain limited in spatial and temporal scales. Here, we analysed 24,365 reef surveys performed over 37 years at 1972 sites throughout East Asia by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network using Bayesian approaches. Our results show that overall coral cover at surveyed reefs has not declined as suggested in previous studies and compared to reef regions like the Caribbean. Concurrently, macroalgal cover has not increased, with no indications of phase shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance on reefs. Yet, models incorporating socio-economic and environmental variables reveal negative associations of coral cover with coastal urbanisation and sea surface temperature. The diversity of reef assemblages may have mitigated cover declines thus far, but climate change could threaten reef resilience. We recommend prioritisation of regionally coordinated, locally collaborative long-term studies for better contextualisation of monitoring data and analyses, which are essential for achieving reef conservation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K S Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Y A Affendi
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P O Ang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M V Baria-Rodriguez
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon, Philippines
| | - C A Chen
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A P Y Chui
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Giyanto
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - M Glue
- Fauna & Flora International, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - H Huang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - C-Y Kuo
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S W Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V Y Y Lam
- Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Washington D.C., USA
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D J W Lane
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - J S Lian
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - S M N N Lin
- Fauna & Flora International, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Z Lunn
- Fauna & Flora International, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - C L Nañola
- University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao, Philippines
| | - V L Nguyen
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - H S Park
- Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suharsono
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - M Sutthacheep
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S T Vo
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - O Vibol
- Department of Fisheries Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Z Waheed
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - H Yamano
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukaba, Japan
| | - T Yeemin
- Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - E Yong
- Reef Check Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - T Kimura
- Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network East Asia Region, Tokyo, Japan
- Palau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, Palau
| | - K Tun
- Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network East Asia Region, Tokyo, Japan
- National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L M Chou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Romero-Rodríguez E, Chen CA, Dukes KA, Hartlage K, Palfai TP, Magane KM, Samet JH, Saitz R. Cannabis and cocaine use, drinking outcomes, and quality of life in general hospital inpatients with alcohol use disorder. Subst Abus 2022; 43:1225-1230. [PMID: 35670771 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2022.2074592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: While associations between cannabis and cocaine use, and heavy drinking and quality of life (QOL), are well-established in the general population, it is unclear whether they are present in hospital inpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The aim of the study was to assess associations between cannabis and cocaine use and two outcomes [heavy drinking days (HDDs) and QOL] among hospital inpatients with AUD. Methods: Hospitalized patients with AUD and at least one past-month HDD participated in this cross-sectional study. Cannabis and cocaine use were assessed using the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test. HDDs were assessed using the Timeline Followback. QOL was assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. Multivariable regression models assessed associations. Results: Of 248 participants, 225 (91%) had severe AUD. There were no statistically significant associations between: recent cannabis use and HDDs [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) = 0.95; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 0.80, 1.14], cocaine use and HDDs [IRR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.18], or both cannabis and cocaine use and HDDs [IRR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.70, 1.09], as compared to use of neither cannabis nor cocaine. Use of cannabis, cocaine, and both, were not associated with QOL [(odds ratio (OR) = 0.98; 95% CI:0.55, 1.74), (OR = 0.76; 95% CI:0.30, 1.93), (OR = 1.00; 95%CI: 0.49, 2.03), respectively]. Conclusions: Among hospital inpatients with AUD, there were no significant associations between cannabis and cocaine use, heavy drinking, or QOL. Our findings raise questions regarding how drug use affects AUD and whether similar results would be found among those with milder AUD and in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Clara A Chen
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dukes
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlin Hartlage
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tibor P Palfai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kara M Magane
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Samet
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Saitz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Karlawish J, Harkins K, Chen CA, Cupples LA, Roberts JS, Welsh‐Bohmer KA, Green RC. How knowledge of elevated amyloid impacts neuropsychological performance in cognitively normal older adults: Findings from the REVEAL SCAN Study. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.057834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clara A Chen
- Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA
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4
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Liu KX, Huang V, Chen CA, Elco CP, Chen ST, Stern RS, Wu PA. Longitudinal multicentre retrospective cohort study of treatment outcomes in extramammary Paget disease. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:219-221. [PMID: 33548065 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K X Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - C A Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C P Elco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - S T Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R S Stern
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P A Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Lui JK, Sangani RA, Chen CA, Bujor AM, Trojanowski MA, Gopal DM, LaValley MP, Soylemez Wiener R, Klings ES. The Prognostic Value of Cardiac Axis Deviation in Systemic Sclerosis-related Pulmonary Hypertension. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 74:1219-1226. [PMID: 34085410 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary hypertension (SSc-PH) is a common complication of SSc associated with accelerated mortality. We hypothesized that cardiac axis deviation may indicate abnormalities in cardiac function allowing for prognostication of disease severity and mortality. METHODS This was a retrospective study where electrocardiograms (ECGs) were reviewed for cardiac axis deviation and their association with echocardiography and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics on right heart catheterization. The primary outcome observed was all-cause mortality from the time of PH diagnosis. RESULTS ECGs were reviewed from 169 patients with SSc-PH. Right axis deviation (RAD) and left axis deviation (LAD) occurred in 28.4% and 30.8% of patients with SSc-PH, respectively. Compared to those without, patients with RAD exhibited predominantly right-sided cardiac disease on echocardiography and increased PH severity by cardiopulmonary hemodynamics including a greater mean pulmonary artery pressure (42.0 ± 12.5 mm Hg vs. 29.8 ± 7.0 mm Hg) and pulmonary vascular resistance (645.6 ± 443.2 dyn·s/cm5 vs. 286.3 ± 167.7 dyn·s/cm5 ). LAD was associated with predominantly left-sided cardiac disease on echocardiography but was not associated with PH severity on cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. Both RAD (HR: 10.36; 95% CI: 4.90 - 21.93; p < 0.001) and LAD (HR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.53 - 5.68; p = 0.001) were associated with an increased hazard for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION RAD and LAD reflect structural cardiac abnormalities and are associated with poor prognosis in patients with SSc-PH. These findings support the importance of electrocardiography, an inexpensive, widely available non-invasive test, in risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Lui
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Clara A Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Deepa M Gopal
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Renda Soylemez Wiener
- Boston University School of Medicine and VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Barthelemy OJ, Richardson MA, Heeren TC, Chen CA, Liebschutz JM, Forman LS, Cabral HJ, Frank DA, Rose-Jacobs R. Do Differences in Learning Performance Precede or Follow Initiation of Marijuana Use? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [PMID: 30807269 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2019.80.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies examining cross-sectional associations between age at marijuana initiation and memory deficits yield mixed results. Because longitudinal data are sparse, controversy continues regarding whether these deficits reflect premorbid risk factors or sequelae of early marijuana initiation; here, we examine this question in a community sample followed since birth. METHOD Masked examiners administered four subtests of the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML/WRAML2) from childhood until young adulthood to 119 urban, predominantly African American participants. Multivariable generalized estimated equation models measured longitudinal trajectories of learning. Participants were grouped as never users (n = 26), later initiators (≥16 years old; n = 31), and earlier initiators of marijuana use (n = 62). RESULTS Marijuana onset groups did not significantly differ on WRAML scaled scores or IQ in childhood, nor did they differ on WRAML scaled scores in adolescence. On most WRAML2 subtests, these groups did not significantly differ in young adulthood after taking into account sex and childhood IQ. However, on Story Memory, later initiators attained higher scaled scores in young adulthood, even after including additional covariates of anxiety, depression, postsecondary education, past-month marijuana use, and past-week high-risk drinking. They showed a significantly more positive trajectory than never users that was driven by within-group improvement after adolescence. Earlier initiators showed within-group decline in Story Memory after adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Differences in learning following earlier initiation of marijuana use may not be solely attributable to premorbid deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier J Barthelemy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark A Richardson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy C Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clara A Chen
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jane M Liebschutz
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Center for Research in Health Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Leah S Forman
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Howard J Cabral
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah A Frank
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruth Rose-Jacobs
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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7
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Christensen KD, Karlawish J, Roberts JS, Uhlmann WR, Harkins K, Wood EM, Obisesan TO, Le LQ, Cupples LA, Zoltick ES, Johnson MS, Bradbury MK, Waterston LB, Chen CA, Feldman S, Perry DL, Green RC. Disclosing genetic risk for Alzheimer's dementia to individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2020; 6:e12002. [PMID: 32211507 PMCID: PMC7087414 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The safety of predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia using apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping is unknown. METHODS We randomized 114 individuals with MCI to receive estimates of 3-year risk of conversion to AD dementia informed by APOE genotyping (disclosure arm) or not (non-disclosure arm) in a non-inferiority clinical trial. Primary outcomes were anxiety and depression scores. Secondary outcomes included other psychological measures. RESULTS Upper confidence limits for randomization arm differences were 2.3 on the State Trait Anxiety Index and 0.5 on the Geriatric Depression Scale, below non-inferiority margins of 3.3 and 1.0. Moreover, mean scores were lower in the disclosure arm than non-disclosure arm for test-related positive impact (difference: -1.9, indicating more positive feelings) and AD concern (difference: -0.3). DISCUSSION Providing genetic information to individuals with MCI about imminent risk for AD does not increase risks of anxiety or depression and may provide psychological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D. Christensen
- Department of Population MedicineHarvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jason Karlawish
- Department of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - J. Scott Roberts
- Department of Health Behavior and Health EducationUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Wendy R. Uhlmann
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Human GeneticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Kristin Harkins
- Department of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Elisabeth M. Wood
- Department of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Thomas O. Obisesan
- Department of MedicineHoward University College of MedicineWashington, DCUSA
| | - Lan Q. Le
- Department of Health Behavior and Health EducationUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Departments of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Emilie S. Zoltick
- Division of Genetics, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Megan S. Johnson
- Department of MedicineHoward University College of MedicineWashington, DCUSA
| | | | - Leo B. Waterston
- Center for Outcomes Research & Evaluation (CORE)Maine Medical Center Research InstitutePortlandMaineUSA
| | - Clara A. Chen
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics CenterBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sara Feldman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health EducationUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Denise L. Perry
- Division of Genetics, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Robert C. Green
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Genetics, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Partners Personalized MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - for the REVEAL Study Group
- Department of Population MedicineHarvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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8
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Capel KCC, Creed J, Kitahara MV, Chen CA, Zilberberg C. Multiple introductions and secondary dispersion of Tubastraea spp. in the Southwestern Atlantic. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13978. [PMID: 31562380 PMCID: PMC6765005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accidental introduction through ballast water and biofouling are currently the main factors responsible for spreading non-indigenous species in the marine realm. In the Southwestern Atlantic, two scleractinian corals, Tubastraea coccinea and T. tagusensis, have been introduced by opportunistic colonization in 1980 and are now widespread along more than 3,500 km of coastline. To better understand the invasion process and the role of vectors in spreading these species, we sampled 306 and 173 colonies of T. coccinea and T. tagusensis from invaded sites, possible vectors and one native population. Analyses revealed a higher diversity of multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) on vectors, suggesting that they were contaminated prior to their arrival in the Southwestern Atlantic, and a high proportion of clones at invaded sites, with few genotypes spread over ~2,000 km. This broad distribution is most likely a result of secondary introductions through the transport of contaminated vectors. Results also suggest the occurrence of multiple invasions, mainly in the northernmost sites. In summary, clonality, secondary introductions, and multiple invasions are the main reasons for the broad spread and invasive success of Tubastraea spp. in the Southwestern Atlantic. Consequently, the correct control of vectors is the most effective approach for management and prevention of new invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C C Capel
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Associate Researcher, Coral-Sol Research, Technological Development and Innovation Network, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, Brazil.
| | - J Creed
- Associate Researcher, Coral-Sol Research, Technological Development and Innovation Network, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M V Kitahara
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - C A Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Zilberberg
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Associate Researcher, Coral-Sol Research, Technological Development and Innovation Network, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liebschutz JM, Buchanan-Howland K, Chen CA, Frank DA, Richardson MA, Heeren TC, Cabral HJ, Rose-Jacobs R. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) correlations with prospective violence assessment in a longitudinal cohort. Psychol Assess 2018; 30:841-845. [PMID: 29847987 PMCID: PMC5986087 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Retrospective recall-based measures administered to adults, like the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), are commonly used to determine experiences of childhood trauma in the home. However, the CTQ has not been compared with prospective measures of childhood violence exposure, whether at home or in the community. We evaluated the relationships between young adults' responses to the CTQ and their prospective self-reports of exposure to violence in childhood and adolescence. Participants were 127 (93% African American, 47% male) urban young adults in a longitudinal birth cohort study examining effects of prenatal substance exposure and environmental factors on development. Participants completed the Violence Exposure Scale for Children-Revised (VEX-R), a 21-item self-report measure of experience of/witness to interpersonal violence, administered face to face at 9, 10, and 11 years using cartoon pictures, and via audio-computer assisted self-interview at 12, 14, and 16 years. Participants also completed the CTQ, a 28-item, 5-scale screening measure, during a young-adult follow-up (ages 18-23). Using Pearson Correlation coefficients, VEX-R total scores significantly correlated with the sum of CTQ scales, r = .33, p < .01, and 3 (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse) of the 5 CTQ subscales, showing a moderate linear association. This study suggests that the CTQ serves as a reasonable retrospective assessment of prospectively ascertained childhood trauma exposure. The differences may be accounted for by disparities in domains assessed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Liebschutz
- Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston University
| | | | - Clara A Chen
- Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston University
| | - Deborah A Frank
- Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston University
| | | | - Timothy C Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University
| | - Howard J Cabral
- Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston UniversityDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University
| | - Ruth Rose-Jacobs
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University
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10
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Rose-Jacobs R, Richardson MA, Buchanan-Howland K, Chen CA, Cabral H, Heeren TC, Liebschutz J, Forman L, Frank DA. Intrauterine exposure to tobacco and executive functioning in high school. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 176:169-175. [PMID: 28544995 PMCID: PMC5539953 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive functioning (EF), an umbrella construct encompassing gradual maturation of cognitive organization/management processes, is important to success in multiple settings including high school. Intrauterine tobacco exposure (IUTE) correlates with negative cognitive/behavioral outcomes, but little is known about its association with adolescent EF and information from real-life contexts is sparse. We evaluated the impact of IUTE on teacher-reported observations of EF in urban high school students controlling for covariates including other intrauterine and adolescent substance exposures. METHODS A prospective low-income birth cohort (51% male; 89% African American/Caribbean) was followed through late adolescence (16-18 years old). At birth, intrauterine exposures to cocaine and other substances (52% cocaine, 52% tobacco, 26% marijuana, 26% alcohol) were identified by meconium and/or urine assays, and/or maternal self-report. High school teachers knowledgeable about the student and unaware of study aims were asked to complete the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Teacher Form (BRIEF-TF) annually. RESULTS Teachers completed at least one BRIEF-TF for 131 adolescents. Multivariable analyses included controls for: demographics; intrauterine cocaine, marijuana, and alcohol exposures; early childhood exposures to lead; and violence exposure from school-age to adolescence. IUTE was associated with less optimal BRIEF-TF Behavioral Regulation scores (p <0.05). Other intrauterine substance exposures did not predict less optimal BRIEF-TF scores, nor did exposures to violence, lead, nor adolescents' own substance use. CONCLUSIONS IUTE is associated with offspring's less optimal EF. Prenatal counseling should emphasize abstinence from tobacco, as well as alcohol and illegal substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rose-Jacobs
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 72 East Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Boston Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics,1 Medical Center Place, Boston, MA, 02118, United States.
| | - Mark A Richardson
- Boston University, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,648 Beacon Street, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Kathryn Buchanan-Howland
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics,1 Medical Center Place, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Clara A Chen
- Boston University School of Public Health, Data Coordinating Center, 85 East Newton Street, United States
| | - Howard Cabral
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Timothy C Heeren
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Jane Liebschutz
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Section of General Internal Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Leah Forman
- Boston University School of Public Health, Data Coordinating Center, 85 East Newton Street, United States
| | - Deborah A Frank
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 72 East Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Boston Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics,1 Medical Center Place, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
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Gray SW, Gollust SE, Carere DA, Chen CA, Cronin A, Kalia SS, Rana HQ, Ruffin MT, Wang C, Roberts JS, Green RC. Personal Genomic Testing for Cancer Risk: Results From the Impact of Personal Genomics Study. J Clin Oncol 2016; 35:636-644. [PMID: 27937091 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Significant concerns exist regarding the potential for unwarranted behavior changes and the overuse of health care resources in response to direct-to-consumer personal genomic testing (PGT). However, little is known about customers' behaviors after PGT. Methods Longitudinal surveys were given to new customers of 23andMe (Mountain View, CA) and Pathway Genomics (San Diego, CA). Survey data were linked to individual-level PGT results through a secure data transfer process. Results Of the 1,042 customers who completed baseline and 6-month surveys (response rate, 71.2%), 762 had complete cancer-related data and were analyzed. Most customers reported that learning about their genetic risk of cancers was a motivation for testing (colorectal, 88%; prostate, 95%; breast, 94%). No customers tested positive for pathogenic mutations in highly penetrant cancer susceptibility genes. A minority of individuals received elevated single nucleotide polymorphism-based PGT cancer risk estimates (colorectal, 24%; prostate, 24%; breast, 12%). At 6 months, customers who received elevated PGT cancer risk estimates were not significantly more likely to change their diet, exercise, or advanced planning behaviors or engage in cancer screening, compared with individuals at average or reduced risk. Men who received elevated PGT prostate cancer risk estimates changed their vitamin and supplement use more than those at average or reduced risk (22% v 7.6%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.44 to 8.18). Predictors of 6-month behavior include baseline behavior (exercise, vitamin or supplement use, and screening), worse health status (diet and vitamin or supplement use), and older age (advanced planning, screening). Conclusion Most adults receiving elevated direct-to-consumer PGT single nucleotide polymorphism-based cancer risk estimates did not significantly change their diet, exercise, advanced care planning, or cancer screening behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy W Gray
- Stacy W. Gray, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Sarah E. Gollust, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Deanna Alexis Carere, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clara A. Chen and Catharine Wang, Boston University School of Public Health; Angel Cronin and Huma Q. Rana, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Sarah S. Kalia and Robert C. Green, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Huma Q. Rana and Robert C. Green, Harvard Medical School; Robert C. Green, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA; Mack T. Ruffin IV, University of Michigan School of Medicine; and J. Scott Roberts, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sarah E Gollust
- Stacy W. Gray, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Sarah E. Gollust, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Deanna Alexis Carere, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clara A. Chen and Catharine Wang, Boston University School of Public Health; Angel Cronin and Huma Q. Rana, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Sarah S. Kalia and Robert C. Green, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Huma Q. Rana and Robert C. Green, Harvard Medical School; Robert C. Green, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA; Mack T. Ruffin IV, University of Michigan School of Medicine; and J. Scott Roberts, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Deanna Alexis Carere
- Stacy W. Gray, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Sarah E. Gollust, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Deanna Alexis Carere, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clara A. Chen and Catharine Wang, Boston University School of Public Health; Angel Cronin and Huma Q. Rana, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Sarah S. Kalia and Robert C. Green, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Huma Q. Rana and Robert C. Green, Harvard Medical School; Robert C. Green, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA; Mack T. Ruffin IV, University of Michigan School of Medicine; and J. Scott Roberts, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Clara A Chen
- Stacy W. Gray, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Sarah E. Gollust, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Deanna Alexis Carere, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clara A. Chen and Catharine Wang, Boston University School of Public Health; Angel Cronin and Huma Q. Rana, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Sarah S. Kalia and Robert C. Green, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Huma Q. Rana and Robert C. Green, Harvard Medical School; Robert C. Green, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA; Mack T. Ruffin IV, University of Michigan School of Medicine; and J. Scott Roberts, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Angel Cronin
- Stacy W. Gray, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Sarah E. Gollust, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Deanna Alexis Carere, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clara A. Chen and Catharine Wang, Boston University School of Public Health; Angel Cronin and Huma Q. Rana, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Sarah S. Kalia and Robert C. Green, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Huma Q. Rana and Robert C. Green, Harvard Medical School; Robert C. Green, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA; Mack T. Ruffin IV, University of Michigan School of Medicine; and J. Scott Roberts, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sarah S Kalia
- Stacy W. Gray, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Sarah E. Gollust, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Deanna Alexis Carere, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clara A. Chen and Catharine Wang, Boston University School of Public Health; Angel Cronin and Huma Q. Rana, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Sarah S. Kalia and Robert C. Green, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Huma Q. Rana and Robert C. Green, Harvard Medical School; Robert C. Green, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA; Mack T. Ruffin IV, University of Michigan School of Medicine; and J. Scott Roberts, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Huma Q Rana
- Stacy W. Gray, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Sarah E. Gollust, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Deanna Alexis Carere, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clara A. Chen and Catharine Wang, Boston University School of Public Health; Angel Cronin and Huma Q. Rana, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Sarah S. Kalia and Robert C. Green, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Huma Q. Rana and Robert C. Green, Harvard Medical School; Robert C. Green, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA; Mack T. Ruffin IV, University of Michigan School of Medicine; and J. Scott Roberts, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mack T Ruffin
- Stacy W. Gray, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Sarah E. Gollust, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Deanna Alexis Carere, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clara A. Chen and Catharine Wang, Boston University School of Public Health; Angel Cronin and Huma Q. Rana, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Sarah S. Kalia and Robert C. Green, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Huma Q. Rana and Robert C. Green, Harvard Medical School; Robert C. Green, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA; Mack T. Ruffin IV, University of Michigan School of Medicine; and J. Scott Roberts, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Catharine Wang
- Stacy W. Gray, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Sarah E. Gollust, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Deanna Alexis Carere, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clara A. Chen and Catharine Wang, Boston University School of Public Health; Angel Cronin and Huma Q. Rana, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Sarah S. Kalia and Robert C. Green, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Huma Q. Rana and Robert C. Green, Harvard Medical School; Robert C. Green, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA; Mack T. Ruffin IV, University of Michigan School of Medicine; and J. Scott Roberts, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J Scott Roberts
- Stacy W. Gray, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Sarah E. Gollust, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Deanna Alexis Carere, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clara A. Chen and Catharine Wang, Boston University School of Public Health; Angel Cronin and Huma Q. Rana, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Sarah S. Kalia and Robert C. Green, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Huma Q. Rana and Robert C. Green, Harvard Medical School; Robert C. Green, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA; Mack T. Ruffin IV, University of Michigan School of Medicine; and J. Scott Roberts, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert C Green
- Stacy W. Gray, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Sarah E. Gollust, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN; Deanna Alexis Carere, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clara A. Chen and Catharine Wang, Boston University School of Public Health; Angel Cronin and Huma Q. Rana, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Sarah S. Kalia and Robert C. Green, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Huma Q. Rana and Robert C. Green, Harvard Medical School; Robert C. Green, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA; Mack T. Ruffin IV, University of Michigan School of Medicine; and J. Scott Roberts, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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12
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Liu PC, Chen CA, Chen CM, Yen CH, Lee MH, Chuang CK, Tu CF, Su BL. Application of xenogeneic anti-canine distemper virus antibodies in treatment of canine distemper puppies. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:626-630. [PMID: 27726133 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical feasibility of passive immunotherapy has not been demonstrated in dogs naturally infected with canine distemper. In this study, porcine anti-canine distemper virus IgG and F(ab')2 antibody fragments were used to treat infected puppies. METHODS A total of 41 naturally infected puppies (age Äsix months) exhibiting severe respiratory signs, but lacking neurological signs, were enrolled in the study. Twenty-five puppies were treated with a combination of IgG or F(ab')2 antibody fragments (Group 1) and supportive therapy and 16 puppies received routine supportive care only (Group 2). RESULTS The survival rate of dogs in Group 1 (19/25; 76%) was significantly higher than that in Group 2 (5/16; 31·3%) (P<0·05). During the therapy, 8 of the 25 dogs (32%) in Group 1 developed neurological signs versus 12 of the 16 dogs (75%) in Group 2 (P<0·05). Adverse reactions were limited to elevated body temperature in dogs that received IgG antibodies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Porcine anti-canine distemper virus antibodies improved survival in puppies affected with canine distemper with minimal adverse effects. Therefore, this therapy could be considered for treatment of endangered animal species infected with canine distemper virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Liu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C A Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C M Chen
- Division of Animal Medicine, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agriculture Technology Research Institute, 35053, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - C H Yen
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agriculture Technology Research Institute, 35053, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - M H Lee
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agriculture Technology Research Institute, 35053, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - C K Chuang
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agriculture Technology Research Institute, 35053, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - C F Tu
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agriculture Technology Research Institute, 35053, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - B L Su
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan. .,National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Schroy PC, Duhovic E, Chen CA, Heeren TC, Lopez W, Apodaca DL, Wong JB. Risk Stratification and Shared Decision Making for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Med Decis Making 2016; 36:526-35. [PMID: 26785715 PMCID: PMC4818180 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x15625622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eliciting patient preferences within the context of shared decision making has been advocated for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, yet providers often fail to comply with patient preferences that differ from their own. PURPOSE To determine whether risk stratification for advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) influences provider willingness to comply with patient preferences when selecting a desired CRC screening option. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Asymptomatic, average-risk patients due for CRC screening in an urban safety net health care setting. INTERVENTION Patients were randomized 1:1 to a decision aid alone (n= 168) or decision aid plus risk assessment (n= 173) arm between September 2012 and September 2014. OUTCOMES The primary outcome was concordance between patient preference and test ordered; secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction with the decision-making process, screening intentions, test completion rates, and provider satisfaction. RESULTS Although providers perceived risk stratification to be useful in selecting an appropriate screening test for their average-risk patients, no significant differences in concordance were observed between the decision aid alone and decision aid plus risk assessment groups (88.1% v. 85.0%,P= 0.40) or high- and low-risk groups (84.5% v. 87.1%,P= 0.51). Concordance was highest for colonoscopy and relatively low for tests other than colonoscopy, regardless of study arm or risk group. Failure to comply with patient preferences was negatively associated with satisfaction with the decision-making process, screening intentions, and test completion rates. LIMITATIONS Single-institution setting; lack of provider education about the utility of risk stratification into their decision making. CONCLUSIONS Providers perceived risk stratification to be useful in their decision making but often failed to comply with patient preferences for tests other than colonoscopy, even among those deemed to be at low risk of ACN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Schroy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA (PCS, ED, WL, DLA)
| | - Emir Duhovic
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA (PCS, ED, WL, DLA)
| | - Clara A Chen
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (CAC)
| | - Timothy C Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA (TCH)
| | - William Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA (PCS, ED, WL, DLA)
| | - Danielle L Apodaca
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA (PCS, ED, WL, DLA)
| | - John B Wong
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA (JBW)
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14
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Richardson MA, Grant-Knight W, Beeghly M, Rose-Jacobs R, Chen CA, Appugliese DP, Cabral HJ, Liebschutz JM, Frank DA. Psychological Distress Among School-Aged Children with and Without Intrauterine Cocaine Exposure: Perinatal Versus Contextual Effects. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2016; 44:547-60. [PMID: 26194603 PMCID: PMC4854523 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Whether intrauterine cocaine exposure (IUCE) explains unique variance in psychiatric functioning among school age children, even after controlling for other biological and social risk factors, has not been fully delineated. As part of a longitudinal birth cohort study of children with and without IUCE, we conducted and analyzed data based on structured clinical interviews with 105 children (57% male) and their caregivers when the child was approximately 8.5 years old; 47% of the children had experienced IUCE. Interviews included past and current major psychological disorders and sub-threshold mental health symptoms. Potential covariates were ascertained by interviews of birth mothers and other caregivers from shortly after the child's birth until the 8.5-year visit. More than one-third of children met DSM-IV criteria for one or more mood, anxiety, attention deficit, or disruptive behavior disorders. IUCE was not significantly associated with children's history of psychological distress, in either bivariate or multiple logistic regressions. In contrast, birth mothers' acknowledgement of greater psychiatric distress at baseline and higher levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and at 8.5 years caregivers' reports of their own psychological distress, and children's lower IQ were predictors of higher rates of psychological morbidity. Findings are consistent with prior reports suggesting that, regardless of IUCE status, children from low-income, urban backgrounds are at heightened risk for psychological distress. Results underscore the need for closer monitoring of the mental health of children living in low-income households, with or without intrauterine substance exposures, to facilitate access to appropriate services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Richardson
- Division of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | | | - Marjorie Beeghly
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruth Rose-Jacobs
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clara A Chen
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle P Appugliese
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard J Cabral
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane M Liebschutz
- General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah A Frank
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Chen CA, Strain A, Mickelsen JL, Larson DA, Jesinger RA, Botelho D, Fromholz S, Obi CN, Crawley A, Lipson JA, Ikeda DM, Cooper C, Pal S. Abstract P4-01-05: Improving the quality of mammographic positioning. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p4-01-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose:
Optimal breast positioning is a key component to high quality screening mammograms to allow the radiologist to make the best interpretation for the patient and referring physician. In addition, the success of newer imaging techniques also depends on breast positioning. The American College of Radiology (ACR) sets the standard of what images should include by outlining 13 criteria of breast positioning. An initial audit of over 100 mammograms at our institution in 2013 found that only a mean of 33% were achieving the ACR criteria. The goal of our project was to increase the percentage of screening mammograms achieving ACR criteria to 90% by June 2015.
Methods:
Our breast imaging center partnered with a quality improvement (QI) team driving a radiology department-wide program on quality improvement. Team members identified 5 key causes that barred achieving the ACR criteria: disagreement on what meets criteria, not having a standard work for acquiring and reading mammograms, lack of communication between the technologist and radiologist, not having a measurement system to track performance, and lack of coaching on technologist techniques for acquiring images. Developments to address these causes included: teaching modules on what meets ACR criteria, standard work for radiologists to recall mammograms that did not meet ACR criteria, system for the technologist to document why criteria were missed, auditing system to track performance, and feedback sessions between technologists and radiologists. Over 1,700 mammograms were audited from the time period of July 2014 to March 2015.
Results:
By October 2014, the percentage of mammograms achieving all 13 of the ACR criteria was 71%, with 4 criteria that prevented reaching the 90% goal. By March 2015, 10 of the 13 ACR criteria were being sustainably met by the target goal of 90% of mammograms, better in all criteria compared to our 2013 data, and better in all but one criterion compared to published 1993 data. Table 1 demonstrates that we have been able to sustain a composite percentage of 12 of the 13 ACR criteria greater than 90% for the last 2 consecutive months.
Table 1 shows the composite percentage of mammograms achieving 12 of the 13 ACR criteria over time.2013 Baseline8/20149/201410/201411/20141/20152/20153/201564%67%77%82%83%81%95%96%The excluded, most difficult criterion (visualization of the opposite breast cleavage) has been achieved at 32% per 1993 published data; we currently achieve it at 40%. 12/2014 audits were not performed due to holidays and changes in staffing.
Conclusion:
Few institutions have published positioning data, with the most recent QI publication on breast positioning dating to 1993. We have conducted a structured process to improve quality of mammographic positioning, including revision of processes that led to poor positioning outcomes and creation of an environment to sustain our improved outcomes. Three ACR criteria continue to be problematic in reaching the 90% goal, with future investigation into whether it is actually feasible to achieve the most difficult criterion at our goal of 90%. Future work also includes assessing how the recent hire of a mammography coach to spread best practices and real-time feedback is able to further improve results and maintain the infrastructure of ongoing QI.
Citation Format: Chen CA, Strain A, Mickelsen JL, Larson DA, Jesinger RA, Botelho D, Fromholz S, Obi CN, Crawley A, Lipson JA, Ikeda DM, Cooper C, Pal S. Improving the quality of mammographic positioning. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- CA Chen
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA
| | - A Strain
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA
| | | | - DA Larson
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA
| | | | - D Botelho
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA
| | - S Fromholz
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA
| | - CN Obi
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA
| | - A Crawley
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA
| | - JA Lipson
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA
| | - DM Ikeda
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA
| | - C Cooper
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA
| | - S Pal
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA
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Sells RE, Chen CA, Wong MT, Zimarowski MJ, Kirby JE, Joyce RM, Wu PA. Continuous positive airway pressure-associated cutaneous amoebiasis in an immunosuppressed patient. Br J Dermatol 2015; 174:625-8. [PMID: 26474324 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organisms of the genus Acanthamoeba are environmentally ubiquitous and colonizers of the oral mucosa in humans. While largely asymptomatic in healthy persons, Acanthamoeba infection can cause disseminated disease with poor prognosis in immunosuppressed populations. Here we report a unique case of cutaneous amoebiasis associated with continuous positive airway pressure use in an immunosuppressed patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Sells
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
| | - C A Chen
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - M T Wong
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
| | - M J Zimarowski
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
| | - J E Kirby
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
| | - R M Joyce
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
| | - P A Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
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17
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Schroy PC, Wong JB, O’Brien MJ, Chen CA, Griffith JL. A Risk Prediction Index for Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia at Screening Colonoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110:1062-71. [PMID: 26010311 PMCID: PMC4705553 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2015.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eliciting patient preferences within the context of shared decision making has been advocated for colorectal cancer screening. Risk stratification for advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) might facilitate more effective shared decision making when selecting an appropriate screening option. Our objective was to develop and validate a clinical index for estimating the probability of ACN at screening colonoscopy. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3,543 asymptomatic, mostly average-risk patients 50-79 years of age undergoing screening colonoscopy at two urban safety net hospitals. Predictors of ACN were identified using multiple logistic regression. Model performance was internally validated using bootstrapping methods. RESULTS The final index consisted of five independent predictors of risk (age, smoking, alcohol intake, height, and a combined sex/race/ethnicity variable). Smoking was the strongest predictor (net reclassification improvement (NRI), 8.4%) and height the weakest (NRI, 1.5%). Using a simplified weighted scoring system based on 0.5 increments of the adjusted odds ratio, the risk of ACN ranged from 3.2% (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.6-3.9) for the low-risk group (score ≤2) to 8.6% (95% CI, 7.4-9.7) for the intermediate/high-risk group (score 3-11). The model had moderate to good overall discrimination (C-statistic, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.66-0.72) and good calibration (P=0.73-0.93). CONCLUSIONS A simple 5-item risk index based on readily available clinical data accurately stratifies average-risk patients into low- and intermediate/high-risk categories for ACN at screening colonoscopy. Uptake into clinical practice could facilitate more effective shared decision-making for CRC screening, particularly in situations where patient and provider test preferences differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Schroy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - John B. Wong
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J. O’Brien
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Clara A. Chen
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - John L. Griffith
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
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Choi HK, Niu J, Neogi T, Chen CA, Chaisson C, Hunter D, Zhang Y. Nocturnal risk of gout attacks. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:555-62. [PMID: 25504842 DOI: 10.1002/art.38917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several plausible mechanisms and anecdotal descriptions suggest that gout attacks often occur at night, although there are no scientific data supporting this. We undertook this study to evaluate the hypothesis that gout attacks occur more frequently at night. METHODS We conducted a case-crossover study to examine the risk of acute gout attacks in relation to the time of the day. Gout patients were prospectively recruited and followed up via the internet for 1 year. Participants were asked about the following information concerning their gout attacks: the date and hour of attack onset, symptoms and signs, medication use, and purported risk factors during the 24- and 48-hour periods prior to the gout attack. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) of gout attacks (with 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) according to three 8-hour time blocks of the day (i.e., 12:00 AM to 7:59 AM, 8:00 AM to 3:59 PM [reference], and 4:00 PM to 11:59 PM) using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Our study included 724 gout patients who experienced a total of 1,433 attacks (733, 310, and 390 attacks during the first, second, and third 8-hour time blocks, respectively) over 1 year. The risk of gout flares in the 8-hour overnight time block (12:00 AM to 7:59 AM) was 2.36 times higher than in the daytime (8:00 AM to 3:59 PM) (OR 2.36 [95% CI 2.05-2.73]). The corresponding OR in the evening (4:00 PM to 11:59 PM) was 1.26 (95% CI 1.07-1.48). These associations persisted among those with no alcohol use and in the lowest quintile of purine intake in the 24 hours prior to attack onset. Furthermore, these associations persisted in subgroups according to sex, age group, obesity status, diuretic use, and use of allopurinol, colchicine, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. CONCLUSION These findings provide the first prospective evidence that the risk of gout attacks during the night and early morning is 2.4 times higher than in the daytime. Further, these data support the purported mechanisms and historical descriptions of the nocturnal onset of gout attacks and may have implications for antigout prophylactic measures.
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De La Cruz II, Freund KM, Battaglia TA, Chen CA, Bak S, Kalish R, Lottero B, Egan P, Heeren T, Kronman AC. Impact of depression on the intensity of patient navigation for women with abnormal cancer screenings. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2015; 25:383-95. [PMID: 24509033 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Patient navigation is increasingly being used to support vulnerable patients to receive timely and quality medical care. We sought to understand whether patients with depression utilize additional patient navigation services after abnormal cancer screening. We compared depressed and non-depressed women using three different measures of intensity of patient navigation: number of patient-navigator encounters, encounter time, and number of unique barriers to care. The study population consisted of 1,455 women who received navigation after abnormal screening for breast or cervical cancer at one of six community health centers in Boston. Navigators spent a median of 60-75 minutes over one or two encounters per participant, with 49% of participants having one or more documented barrier to care. Depressed women did not differ in total numbers of encounters, encounter time, or unique barriers compared with non-depressed women. Our findings suggest that pre-existing depression does not predict which women will utilize additional navigation services.
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Besser AG, Sanderson SC, Roberts JS, Chen CA, Christensen KD, Lautenbach DM, Cupples LA, Green RC. Factors affecting recall of different types of personal genetic information about Alzheimer's disease risk: the REVEAL study. Public Health Genomics 2015; 18:78-86. [PMID: 25634646 DOI: 10.1159/000368888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS Data were obtained through a multisite clinical trial in which different types of genetic risk-related information were disclosed to individuals (n = 246) seeking a risk assessment for Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS Six weeks after disclosure, 83% of participants correctly recalled the number of risk-increasing APOE alleles they possessed, and 74% correctly recalled their APOE genotype. While 84% of participants recalled their lifetime risk estimate to within 5 percentage points, only 51% correctly recalled their lifetime risk estimate exactly. Correct recall of the number of APOE risk-increasing alleles was independently associated with higher education (p < 0.001), greater numeracy (p < 0.05) and stronger family history of Alzheimer's disease (p < 0.05). Before adjustments for confounding, correct recall of APOE genotype was also associated with higher education, greater numeracy and stronger family history of Alzheimer's disease, as well as with higher comfort with numbers and European American ethnicity (all p < 0.05). Correct recall of the lifetime risk estimate was independently associated only with younger age (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Recall of genotype-specific information is high, but recall of exact risk estimates is lower. Incorrect recall of numeric risk may lead to distortions in understanding risk. Further research is needed to determine how best to communicate different types of genetic risk information to patients, particularly to those with lower educational levels and lower numeracy. Health-care professionals should be aware that each type of genetic risk information may be differentially interpreted and retained by patients and that some patient subgroups may have more problems with recall than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria G Besser
- Bonei Olam Center for Rare Jewish Genetic Disorders, Brooklyn, N.Y., USA
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Charlot M, Santana MC, Chen CA, Bak S, Heeren TC, Battaglia TA, Egan AP, Kalish R, Freund KM. Impact of patient and navigator race and language concordance on care after cancer screening abnormalities. Cancer 2015; 121:1477-83. [PMID: 25565151 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient navigation improves the timely diagnosis of cancer among minorities, but little is known about the effects of patient and navigator race and language concordance on health outcomes. METHODS The authors investigated the effects of patient and navigator race and language concordance on the time to diagnosis of cancer screening abnormalities among participants in the Boston Patient Navigation Research Program, a clinical effectiveness trial for women who had breast or cervical cancer screening abnormalities identified from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using proportional hazards regression adjusting for clinical and demographic factors. RESULTS In total, 1257 women had breast cancer screening abnormalities (n = 655) or cervical cancer screening abnormalities (n = 602) identified, and 56% were nonwhite. Language concordance was associated with timelier resolution for all patients in the cervical cancer screening abnormalities group during the first 90 days (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.80), and specifically for Spanish speakers during the first 90 days (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.84), but no difference was observed after 90 days for women who had cervical cancer screening abnormalities or at any time for those who had breast cancer screening abnormalities. Race concordance was associated with significant decreases in the time to diagnosis for minority women with breast and cervical cancer screening abnormalities in analyses stratified by race, but no differences were observed in analyses that included all women. CONCLUSIONS Patient navigator race and language concordance improved the timeliness of care in a minority population. Patient navigators who are racially/ethnically diverse and multilingual may help address barriers to care and improve cancer outcomes for low-income minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjory Charlot
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ramachandran A, Freund KM, Bak SM, Heeren TC, Chen CA, Battaglia TA. Multiple barriers delay care among women with abnormal cancer screening despite patient navigation. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014; 24:30-6. [PMID: 25513858 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is widespread dissemination of patient navigation programs in an effort to reduce delays in cancer care, little is known about the impact of barriers to care on timely outcomes. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of the Boston Patient Navigation Research Program (PNRP) to examine the effect that the presence of barriers had on time to diagnostic resolution of abnormal breast or cervical cancer screening tests. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with time to diagnostic resolution as the outcome to examine the effect of the number of barriers, controlling for demographic covariates and clustered by patients' primary navigator. RESULTS There were 1481 women who received navigation; mean age was 39 years; 32% were White, 27% Black, and 31% Hispanic; 28% had private health insurance; and 38% did not speak English. Overall, half (n=745, 50%) had documentation of one or more barriers to care. Women with barriers were more likely to be older, non-White, non-English language speakers, and on public or no health insurance compared with women without barriers. In multivariable analyses, we found less timely diagnostic resolution as the number of barriers increased (one barrier, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.81 [95% CI 0.56-1.17], p=0.26; two barriers, aHR 0.55 [95% CI 0.37-0.81], p=0.0025; three or more barriers, aHR 0.31 [95% CI 0.21-0.46], p<0.0001)]. CONCLUSION Within a patient navigation program proven to reduce delays in care, we found that navigated patients with documented barriers to care experience less timely resolution of abnormal cancer screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambili Ramachandran
- 1 Women's Health Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Tang
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P Y Chuang
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C A Chen
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C Fang
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals Taiwan, Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yeang CH, Ma GC, Hsu HW, Lin YS, Chang SM, Cheng PJ, Chen CA, Ni YH, Chen M. Genome-wide normalized score: a novel algorithm to detect fetal trisomy 21 during non-invasive prenatal testing. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44:25-30. [PMID: 24700679 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-invasive prenatal testing for fetal trisomy 21 (T21) by massively parallel shotgun sequencing (MPSS) is available for clinical use but its efficacy is limited by several factors, e.g. the proportion of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma and sequencing depth. Existing algorithms discard DNA reads from the chromosomes for which testing is not being performed (i.e. those other than chromosome 21) and are thus more susceptible to diluted fetal DNA and limited sequencing depth. We aimed to describe and evaluate a novel algorithm for aneuploidy detection (genome-wide normalized score (GWNS)), which normalizes read counts by the proportions of DNA fragments from chromosome 21 in normal controls. METHODS We assessed the GWNS approach by comparison with two existing algorithms, i.e. Z-score and normalized chromosome value (NCV), using theoretical approximations and computer simulations in a set of 86 cases (64 euploid and 22 T21 cases). We then validated GWNS by studying an expanded set of clinical samples (n = 208). Finally, dilution experiments were undertaken to compare performance of the three algorithms (Z-score, NCV, GWNS) when fetal DNA concentration was low. RESULTS At fixed levels of significance and power, GWNS required a smaller fetal DNA proportion and fewer total MPSS reads compared to Z-score or NCV. In dilution experiments, GWNS also outperformed the other two methods by reaching the correct diagnosis with the lowest range of fetal DNA concentrations (GWNS, 3.83-4.75%; Z-score, 4.75-5.22%; NCV, 6.47-8.58%). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that GWNS is comparable to Z-score and NCV methods regarding the performance of detecting fetal T21. Dilution experiments suggest that GWNS may perform better than the other methods when fetal fraction is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Yeang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Primeau SW, Freund KM, Ramachandran A, Bak SM, Heeren T, Chen CA, Morton S, Battaglia TA. Social service barriers delay care among women with abnormal cancer screening. J Gen Intern Med 2014; 29:169-75. [PMID: 24197626 PMCID: PMC3889949 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-013-2615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inequity in cancer outcomes for minorities and vulnerable populations has been linked to delays in cancer care that arise from barriers to accessing care. Social service barriers represent those obstacles related to meeting life's most basic needs, like housing and income, which are often supported by public policy, regulation and services. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between social service barriers and timely diagnostic resolution after a cancer screening abnormality. DESIGN Secondary analysis of the intervention arm of Boston Patient Navigation Research Program (2007-2008) conducted across six urban community health centers. Subjects with no barriers, other barriers, and social service barriers were compared on their time to diagnostic resolution. SUBJECTS Women ≥ 18 years of age with a breast or cervical cancer screening abnormality. MAIN MEASURES Social service barriers included: income supports, housing and utilities, education and employment, and personal/family stability and safety. Time to event analyses compared across five groups: those with no barriers, one barrier (other), one barrier (social service), two or more barriers (all other), and two or more barriers (at least one social service). KEY RESULTS 1,481 navigated women; 31 % Hispanic, 27 % Black, 32 % White; 37 % non-English speakers and 28 % had private health insurance. Eighty-eight women (6 %) had social service barriers. Compared to those without social service barriers, those with were more likely to be Hispanic, younger, have public/no health insurance, and have multiple barriers. Those with two or more barriers (at least one social service barrier), had the longest time to resolution compared to the other four groups (aHR resolution < 60 days = 0.27, ≥ 60 days = 0.37). CONCLUSION Vulnerable women with multiple barriers, when at least one is a social service barrier, have delays in care despite navigation. The impact of patient navigation may never be fully realized if social service barriers persist without being identified or addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Primeau
- Women's Health Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Women's Health Interdisciplinary Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 1st floor, Boston, MA, 02118-2526, USA,
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Slooten E, Wang JY, Dungan SZ, Forney KA, Hung SK, Jefferson TA, Riehl KN, Rojas-Bracho L, Ross PS, Wee A, Winkler R, Yang SC, Chen CA. Impacts of fisheries on the Critically Endangered humpback dolphin Sousa chinensis population in the eastern Taiwan Strait. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2013. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Dubreuil M, Neogi T, Chen CA, Choi HK, Chaisson CE, Hunter DJ, Zhang Y. Increased risk of recurrent gout attacks with hospitalization. Am J Med 2013; 126:1138-41.e1. [PMID: 24054179 PMCID: PMC3838663 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although anecdotal evidence suggests that the risk of recurrent gout attack increases with hospitalization, no study has formally tested this hypothesis. METHODS We conducted an online case-crossover study of individuals with gout. We obtained information on gout attacks over a 1-year period, including onset date, symptoms and signs, medications, and exposure to potential risk factors, including hospitalization, during the 2-day hazard period before each gout attack. The same exposure information also was obtained over 2-day intercritical gout control periods. We performed conditional logistic regression to examine the relationship of hospitalization with recurrent gout attacks and whether such a relationship was modified by concomitant use of anti-gout medications. RESULTS Of 724 participants (mean age, 54.5 years; 78.5% male), 35 hospitalizations occurred during a hazard or control period. The adjusted odds of gout attacks was increased 4-fold with hospitalization (odds ratio, 4.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.78-9.19) compared with no hospitalization. The effect of hospitalization tended to attenuate with the use of allopurinol, colchicine, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but not statistically significantly. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that the risk of gout attacks increases among patients with gout during hospitalization. Appropriate measures should be considered for prevention of gout attacks during hospitalization for patients with preexisting gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Dubreuil
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass.
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Schroy PC, Coe A, Chen CA, O'Brien MJ, Heeren TC. Prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia in white and black patients undergoing screening colonoscopy in a safety-net hospital. Ann Intern Med 2013; 159:13-20. [PMID: 23817700 PMCID: PMC4218749 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chinese translation BACKGROUND Black persons are more likely than white persons to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer and to die from it. The extent to which genetic or biological factors versus disparities in screening rates explain this variance remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To define the prevalence and location of presymptomatic advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) among white and black persons undergoing screening colonoscopy, controlling for other epidemiologic risk factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey between 22 March 2005 and 31 January 2012. SETTING Urban, open-access, academic, safety-net hospital in Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS Asymptomatic, average-risk white (n = 1172) and black (n = 1681) persons aged 50 to 79 years undergoing screening colonoscopy. MEASUREMENTS Adjusted prevalence and location of ACN, defined as a tubular adenoma 10 mm or more in size, any adenoma with villous features or high-grade dysplasia, any dysplastic serrated lesion, or invasive cancer. RESULTS The prevalence of ACN was higher among white patients than black patients (6.8% vs. 5.0%; P = 0.039) but varied by sex (white vs. black men, 9.3% vs. 5.7%; white vs. black women, 3.5% vs. 4.3%; interaction P = 0.034). After controlling for many risk factors, black men were 41% less likely than white men (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.59 [95% CI, 0.39 to 0.89]) to have ACN. No statistically significant difference was seen for women (AOR, 1.32 [CI, 0.73 to 2.40]). Black patients with ACN had a higher percentage of proximal disease (52% vs. 39%) after adjustment for age and sex (P = 0.055). LIMITATION Single-institution study with inadequate statistical power for subgroup analyses and recall bias. CONCLUSION Black men are less likely than white men to have ACN at screening colonoscopy in a safety-net health care setting. Disparities in access to screening and differential exposure to modifiable risk factors rather than genetic or biological factors may be largely responsible for the higher incidence of CRC among black men. Genetic or biological factors may explain the predilection for proximal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Schroy
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Battaglia TA, Bak SM, Heeren T, Chen CA, Kalish R, Tringale S, Taylor JO, Lottero B, Egan AP, Thakrar N, Freund KM. Boston Patient Navigation Research Program: the impact of navigation on time to diagnostic resolution after abnormal cancer screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:1645-54. [PMID: 23045539 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for controlled studies to assess the impact of patient navigation in vulnerable cancer populations. METHODS Boston Patient Navigation Research Program conducted a quasi-experimental patient navigation intervention across six federally qualified inner-city community health centers, three assigned to a breast cancer navigation intervention and three assigned to a cervical cancer navigation intervention; each group then served as the control for the other. Eligible women had an abnormal breast or cervical cancer screening test conducted at one of the participating health centers during a baseline (2004-2005) or intervention period (2007-2008). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and proportional hazards regression examined the effect of patient navigation on time to definitive diagnosis, adjusting for covariates, clustering by clinic and differences between the baseline and intervention period. RESULTS We enrolled 997 subjects in the baseline period and 3,041 subjects during the intervention period, of whom 1,497 were in the navigated arm, and 1,544 in the control arm. There was a significant decrease in time to diagnosis for subjects in the navigated group compared with controls among those with a cervical screening abnormality [aHR 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-1.9]; and among those with a breast cancer screening abnormality that resolved after 60 days (aHR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9), with no differences before 60 days. CONCLUSIONS This study documents a benefit of patient navigation on time to diagnosis among a racially/ethnically diverse inner city population. IMPACT Patient navigation may address cancer health disparities by reducing time to diagnosis following an abnormal cancer-screening event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Battaglia
- Women's Health Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Schroy PC, Emmons KM, Peters E, Glick JT, Robinson PA, Lydotes MA, Mylvaganam SR, Coe AM, Chen CA, Chaisson CE, Pignone MP, Prout MN, Davidson PK, Heeren TC. Aid-assisted decision making and colorectal cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med 2012; 43:573-83. [PMID: 23159252 PMCID: PMC3966107 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shared decision making (SDM) is a widely recommended yet unproven strategy for increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake. Previous trials of decision aids to increase SDM and CRC screening uptake have yielded mixed results. PURPOSE To assess the impact of decision aid-assisted SDM on CRC screening uptake. DESIGN RCT. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted at an urban, academic safety-net hospital and community health center between 2005 and 2010. Participants were asymptomatic, average-risk patients aged 50-75 years due for CRC screening. INTERVENTION Study participants (n=825) were randomized to one of two intervention arms (decision aid plus personalized risk assessment or decision aid alone) or control arm. The interventions took place just prior to a routine office visit with their primary care providers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was completion of a CRC screening test within 12 months of the study visit. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of test completion and mediators of the intervention effect. Analysis was completed in 2011. RESULTS Patients in the decision-aid group were more likely to complete a screening test than control patients (43.1% vs 34.8%, p=0.046) within 12 months of the study visit; conversely, test uptake for the decision aid and decision aid plus personalized risk assessment arms was similar (43.1% vs 37.1%, p=0.15). Assignment to the decision-aid arm (AOR=1.48, 95% CI=1.04, 2.10), black race (AOR=1.52, 95% CI=1.12, 2.06) and a preference for a patient-dominant decision-making approach (AOR=1.55, 95% CI=1.02, 2.35) were independent determinants of test completion. Activation of the screening discussion and enhanced screening intentions mediated the intervention effect. CONCLUSIONS Decision aid-assisted SDM has a modest impact on CRC screening uptake. A decision aid plus personalized risk assessment tool is no more effective than a decision aid alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.govNCT00251862.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Schroy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Schroy PC, Coe AM, Mylvaganam SR, Ahn LB, Lydotes MA, Robinson PA, Davis JT, Chen CA, Ashba J, Atkinson ML, Colditz GA, Heeren TC. The Your Disease Risk Index for colorectal cancer is an inaccurate risk stratification tool for advanced colorectal neoplasia at screening colonoscopy. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 5:1044-52. [PMID: 22689913 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the use of screening colonoscopy based on the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) could optimize the cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Our goal was to assess the accuracy of the Your Disease Risk (YDR) CRC risk index for stratifying average risk patients into low- versus intermediate/high-risk categories for ACN. The YDR risk assessment tool was administered to 3,317 asymptomatic average risk patients 50 to 79 years of age just before their screening colonoscopy. Associations between YDR-derived relative risk (RR) scores and ACN prevalence were examined using logistic regression and χ(2) analyses. ACN was defined as a tubular adenoma ≥1 cm, tubulovillous or villous adenoma of any size, and the presence of high-grade dysplasia or cancer. The overall prevalence of ACN was 5.6%. Although YDR-derived RR scores were linearly associated with ACN after adjusting for age and gender (P = 0.033), the index was unable to discriminate "below average" from "above/average" risk patients [OR, 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75-1.37]. Considerable overlap in rates of ACN was also observed between the different YDR risk categories in our age- and gender-stratified analyses. The YDR index lacks accuracy for stratifying average risk patients into low- versus intermediate/high-risk categories for ACN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Schroy
- Boston Medical Center, 85 E. Concord St., Suite 7715, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Charlot M, Santana MC, Chen CA, Palmisano JN, Bak S, Heeren TC, Battaglia TA, Freund KM. The impact of race/ethnicity concordance between patients and their navigators in time to diagnostic resolution of breast and cervical cancer screening abnormalities. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6097 Background: Patient navigators have been shown to reduce cancer disparities among racial/ethnic minorities by improving timely diagnosis and treatment of cancer. For a group of navigators who received cultural competency training, we sought to determine if racial/ ethnic concordance of the navigator and patient improved time to diagnostic resolution of cancer screening abnormalities. Methods: Demographic data on 1466 patients and their 23 navigators from the Boston Patient Navigation Research Program were used to assess concordance by race and ethnicity. All participants with either breast (n=751) or cervical (n=715) screening abnormalities were followed up to one year. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and proportional hazards regression models examined the effect of race/ethnicity concordance on time to definitive diagnosis, adjusting for age, race, language, economic status, insurance status, and severity of screening abnormality. Analyses were performed separately for the breast and cervical groups. Results: Of the 1466 patients, 32% were White, 27% Black, 31% Hispanic, and 10% Asian. Navigators were 61% White, 17% Black, 13% Hispanic and 9% Asian. Fifty eight percent of patient-navigator pairs were concordant by race/ethnicity. Overall rate of diagnostic resolution of cancer screening abnormalities within 365 days was high at 90%. In both the breast and cervical cancer screening groups, racial/ethnic concordance was not associated with time to diagnostic resolution, with an aHR 1.03 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.25) for breast patients and HR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.21) for cervical patients. Conclusions: Patient-navigator racial/ethnic concordance is not associated with time to diagnostic resolution of cancer screening abnormalities, in part because overall rates of diagnostic resolution were high. Our data suggest that with cultural competency training, navigators can be equally effective with patients from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clara A Chen
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sharon Bak
- Women's Health Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Tracy Ann Battaglia
- Women's Health Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Karen M Freund
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Lautenbach DM, Chen CA, Cupples LA, Roberts JS, Petersen RC, Green RC. P1‐072: Using APOE to predict “imminent” risk of Alzheimer's disease conversion among patients with MCI: The REVEAL Study. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vernarelli JA, Roberts JS, Hiraki S, Chen CA, Cupples LA, Green RC. Effect of Alzheimer disease genetic risk disclosure on dietary supplement use. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1402-7. [PMID: 20219963 PMCID: PMC2854909 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic susceptibility testing for Alzheimer disease (AD) with APOE genotype disclosure is not recommended for clinical use but is available through direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies. Little is known about whether APOE genotype disclosure would actually prompt changes in nutrition behaviors among at-risk individuals. OBJECTIVE We studied the effect of APOE genotype disclosure for AD risk assessment on dietary supplement use in adults with a family history of AD. DESIGN As part of a secondary analysis of data from the second Risk Evaluation and Education for Alzheimer's Disease Study, we examined the effect of genotype disclosure on health-behavior changes among 272 unaffected first-degree relatives of persons with AD. RESULTS Overall, 16% of all participants reported a change in dietary supplement use after AD risk assessment. Participants who learned that they had at least one copy of the risk-increasing epsilon4 allele (epsilon4+) had 4.75 times the odds of reporting a change in dietary supplement use than did their counterparts who had an absence of the risk-increasing epsilon4 allele (epsilon4-) (95% CI: 2.23, 10.10; P < 0.0001) after adjustment for age, sex, race, baseline supplement use, randomization arm, and educational level. There were no significant differences between APOE epsilon4+ and epsilon4- participants in changes in overall diet, exercise, or medications. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of first-degree relatives receiving genetic susceptibility testing for AD, an APOE epsilon4+ genotype status was positively associated with dietary supplement use after risk disclosure. Such changes occurred despite the absence of evidence that supplement use reduces the risk of AD. Given the expansion of DTC genetic tests, this study highlights the need for future studies in disease risk communication.
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Chen YM, Chen CA, Huang YS, Lee KY, Tiong KK. Characterization and enhanced field emission properties of IrO2-coated carbon nanotube bundle arrays. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:035702. [PMID: 19966405 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/3/035702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Low operating electric field and stable emission current have been achieved in IrO(2) nanocrystal-coated carbon nanotube bundle arrays (CNTBAs). Patterned vertically aligned CNTBAs were synthesized using thermal chemical vapor deposition followed by the deposition of IrO(2) nanocrystals by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering using an Ir target. The structural and spectroscopic properties were characterized by field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The current density versus electric field measurements yielded a low turn-on field of 0.7 V microm(-1) at a current density of 0.1 microA cm(-2), a low threshold field of 2.3 V microm(-1) at a current density of 1 mA cm(-2) and a high field enhancement factor of 1 x 10(4) for the IrO(2)-coated CNTBAs. Long-term stability was also demonstrated. The enhancement of field emission characteristics is attributed to the combined effects of the geometrical structure of the IrO(2)-coated CNTBAs, and the natural conducting and enhanced resistance to oxidation properties of IrO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ashida S, Koehly LM, Roberts JS, Chen CA, Hiraki S, Green RC. Disclosing the disclosure: factors associated with communicating the results of genetic susceptibility testing for Alzheimer's disease. J Health Commun 2009; 14:768-84. [PMID: 20029710 PMCID: PMC2801901 DOI: 10.1080/10810730903295518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the extent to which recipients of genetic susceptibility testing for Alzheimer's disease (AD) communicated their results to others. It also examined demographic characteristics, along with beliefs about AD, associated with such communication. Participants (N = 271) in a randomized clinical trial involving genetic testing for Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants among first-degree relatives of AD patients reported their communication behaviors 6 weeks after the results disclosure. Information on beliefs about AD and genetic testing was collected at baseline. Eighty-two percent of participants receiving APOE genotype information shared their results with someone. Specifically, 64% shared with family members, 51% with spouse or significant others, 35% with friends, and 12% with health care professionals. Greater AD treatment optimism was associated with communicating results to family (OR = 1.43), spouse (OR = 1.62), friends (OR = 1.81), and health care professionals (OR = 2.20). Lower perceived risk (OR = 0.98) and higher perceived importance of genetics in the development of AD (OR = 1.93) were associated with results communication in general. Lower perceived drawbacks of AD genetic testing was associated with results communication to friends (OR = 0.65). Beliefs about AD risks and causes, genetic testing, and development of treatments partly may determine the interpersonal communication patterns of genetic susceptibility test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sato Ashida
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2073, USA.
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Chen CA, Chen YM, Huang YS, Tsai DS, Tiong KK, Du CH. Growth and characterization of V-shaped IrO(2) nanowedges via metal-organic vapor deposition. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:465607. [PMID: 21836254 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/46/465607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report in detail the synthesis and characterization of V-shaped IrO(2) nanowedges (NWs) with an angle of 110° between the two arms. The NWs were grown on top of rutile (R) phase TiO(2) nanorods (NRs) sitting on a sapphire (SA)(100) substrate via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) by using (C(6)H(7))(C(8)H(12))Ir and titanium-tetraisopropoxide (TTIP, Ti[OCH(CH(3))(2)](4)) as the source reagents. The surface morphology, structural, and spectroscopic properties of the as-deposited nanocrystals (NCs) were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected-area electron diffractometry (SAED). The FESEM images and XRD patterns indicated growth of V-shaped IrO(2)(101) NWs on top of R-TiO(2) NRs. The Raman spectrum showed the nanosize induced redshift and peak broadening of the IrO(2) and rutile phase of TiO(2) signatures with respect to that of the bulk counterparts. TEM and SAED characterizations of IrO(2) NCs showed that the nanowedges were crystalline IrO(2) with a twin plane of (101) and twin direction of [Formula: see text] at the V-junction. The probable mechanisms for the formation of well-aligned IrO(2) NWs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Hiraki S, Chen CA, Roberts JS, Cupples LA, Green RC. Perceptions of familial risk in those seeking a genetic risk assessment for Alzheimer's disease. J Genet Couns 2008; 18:130-6. [PMID: 18949541 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-008-9194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Perceived risk is a complex concept that influences the genetic counseling process and can affect client coping and behavior. Although the association between family history and risk perception is well recognized in the literature, no studies have explored this relationship specifically in those seeking genetic susceptibility testing for a common chronic condition. REVEAL is a randomized trial assessing the impact of APOE disclosure and genetic risk assessment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using baseline REVEAL data, we hypothesized that there would be a significant association between the degree of AD family history and risk perception of AD, and that this relationship would be stronger in those who believed that genetics is a very important AD risk factor. In our sample of 293 participants, we found that a higher self-perceived risk of AD was associated with strength of family history of AD (p < 0.001), belief in genetics as an important AD risk factor (p < 0.001), being female (p < 0.001) and being Caucasian (p = 0.02). These results are the first to demonstrate the association between family history and risk perception in persons volunteering for genetic susceptibility testing for a common complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hiraki
- Dept of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Stern RA, Chung WW, Chen CA, Cupples LA, Roberts JS, Hiraki SC, Nair AK, Green RC. P2‐240: Development of a new scale measuring psychological impact of genetic susceptibility testing for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clara A. Chen
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
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Abstract
This unit contains two methods of calcium phosphate-based eukaryotic cell transfection, protocols that can be used for both transient and stable transfections. In the protocols, plasmid DNA is introduced to monolayer cell cultures via a precipitate that adheres to the cell surface. The Basic Protocol uses a HEPES-buffered solution to form a calcium phosphate precipitate that is directly layered onto the cells. In the alternate high-efficiency method, a BES-buffered system is used that allows the precipitate to form gradually in the medium and is then dropped onto the cells. The alternate method is particularly efficient for stable transformation of cells with circular plasmid DNA, and may be helpful with linear or genomic DNA. Both methods of transfection require very high-quality plasmid DNA, which can be prepared as described in the second Support Protocol. Transfection efficiency in some cell lines can be increased by shocking the cells with glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as described in the first Support Protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Kingston
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
This unit presents two methods of calcium phosphate-based eukaryotic cell transfection that can be used for both transient and stable transfections. In these protocols, plasmid DNA is introduced to monolayer cell cultures via a precipitate that adheres to the cell surface. A HEPES-buffered solution is used to form a calcium phosphate precipitate that is directly layered onto the cells. For some cells, shocking the cells with glycerol or DMSO improves transfection efficiency. In the alternate high-efficiency method, a BES-buffered system is used that allows the precipitate to form gradually in the medium and then drop onto the cells. While the alternate method is particularly efficient for stable transformation of cells with circular plasmid DNA, both protocols yield similar results for transformation with linear plasmid or genomic DNA, or for transient expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Kingston
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chen CA, Chen YM, Korotcov A, Huang YS, Tsai DS, Tiong KK. Growth and characterization of well-aligned densely-packed rutile TiO(2) nanocrystals on sapphire substrates via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:075611. [PMID: 21817648 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/7/075611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Well-aligned densely-packed rutile TiO(2) nanocrystals (NCs) have been grown on sapphire (SA) (100) and (012) substrates via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), using titanium-tetraisopropoxide (TTIP, Ti(OC(3)H(7))(4)) as a source reagent. The surface morphology as well as structural and spectroscopic properties of the as-deposited NCs were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffractometry (SAED), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. FESEM micrographs reveal that vertically aligned NCs were grown on SA(100), whereas the NCs on the SA(012) were grown with a tilt angle of ∼33° from the normal to substrates. TEM and SAED measurements showed that the TiO(2) NCs on SA(100) with square cross section have their long axis directed along the [001] direction. The XRD results reveal TiO(2) NCs with either (002) orientation on SA(100) substrate or (101) orientation on SA(012) substrate. A strong substrate effect on the alignment of the growth of TiO(2) NCs has been demonstrated and the probable mechanism for the formation of these NCs has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Chung WW, Chen CA, Hiraki S, Nair AK, Roberts JS, Green RC. P‐157: Factors associated with the impact of susceptibility genetic testing of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss and blindness among older adults in the USA and throughout the developed world. Etiological research suggests that AMD is a complex disease, caused by the actions and interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. Familial aggregation studies, twin studies, and segregation analyses have provided strong evidence for the heritability of AMD, and linkage and association studies have been conducted to localize the disease-causing genes. Whole genome linkage scans have implicated nearly every chromosome in the human genome, with the most replicated signals residing on 1q25-31 and 10q26. Association studies have identified a major risk variant within the complement factor H gene (CFH), and recent reports suggest that PLEKHA1/LOC387715 and the BF/C2 regions may be major risk loci for AMD as well. Several other genes have had at least one positive association finding and deserve further exploration. Among these, apolipoprotein E (APOE) may be a minor risk locus. Additional genes will likely be identified, and future studies should explore the potential interactions of these genes with other genes as well as environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Haddad
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
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Aaberg TM, Abdel-Rahman MH, Abrams GW, Agarwal A, Ai E, Albert DM, Alexander J, Anand R, Anastassiou G, Aylward GW, Barazi MK, Bingaman D, Bird AC, Blodi BA, Blumenkranz MS, Bolling JP, Bornfeld N, Bressler SB, Bressler NM, Brinton DA, Brown J, Brown GC, Brown JC, Buettner H, de Bustros S, Byrne SF, Cahill MT, Campochiaro PA, Carr RE, Chang S, Charles S, Chen J, Chen CA, Chew EY, Chorich LJ, Chow DR, Ciardella AP, Ciulla TA, Coscas GJ, Cruess AF, da Cruz L, Damato BE, Davidorf FH, Davis MD, Davis JL, Deutman AF, Dhaliwal RS, Do DV, Dugel PU, Earle JD, Edwards AO, Eliott D, Emerson GG, Fekrat S, Feldon SE, Ferris FL, Fine SL, Finkelstein D, Fisher SK, Flannery J, Folk JC, Foulds WS, Frank RN, Freeman WR, Friedlander M, Frishman LJ, Fu AD, Fujii GY, Gallemore RP, Garibaldi DC, Garcia-Valenzuela E, Gass JDM, Gautier S, Geller S, Goldberg MF, Gonzales CR, Gottlieb JL, Gragoudas ES, Green RL, Green WR, Gregor ZJ, Gregory-Evans K, Gross NE, Gullapalli VK, Guyer DR, Guymer R, Haller JA, Harbour JW, Harlan JB, Harris A, Hartnett ME, Hartzer MK, Hawkins BS, Heimann H, Hinton DR, Hinz BJ, Hoffmann S, Holekamp NM, Holland GN, Hoyng CB, Humayun MS, Ikuno Y, Jabs DA, Jaffe GJ, Jallet V, Jampol LM, Joffe L, Johnson RN, Joseph DP, de Juan E, Michael Jumper J, Kaplan HJ, Kelley JS, Khodair MA, Kirchhof B, Klais CM, Klein BE, Klein R, Kline RW, Knox DL, Kosobucki BR, Kreiger AE, Kunimoto DY, Kwun RC, Lakhanpal RR, Lam LA, Landers MB, Lane AM, Lee MS, Lee HC, Lewis H, Lewis GP, Lim WK, Lit ES, Loewenstein A, Lopez JM, Lutty GA, Madreperla S, Maguire AM, Mainster MA, Mansfield NC, Marmor MF, Martin BJ, Massey SC, Mavrofrides EC, McCuen BW, Richard McDonald H, Meier P, Merbs SL, Meredith TA, Mieler WF, Miller RF, Miller JW, Milne P, Mittra RA, Moshfeghi DM, Moshfeghi AA, Moshiri A, Mruthyunjaya P, Murata T, Murphree AL, Murphy RP, Nanda SK, Nguyen QD, Nussenblatt RB, Ober MD, Ober RR, Ogden TE, Oh KT, Ohji M, Olsen KR, Palanker D, Palmer EA, Parel JM, Park CH, Pederson JE, Pelzek CD, Pepose JS, Phelps DL, Phillips S, Pokorny J, Puliafito CA, Rao NA, Kumar Rao P, Recchia FM, Reh TA, Robertson DM, Robertson JE, Rubin GS, Ryan SJ, Sadda SR, Sadun AA, Sahel JA, de la Maza MS, Samuel MA, Sanborn GE, Sarks JP, Sarks SH, Schachat AP, Sebag J, Seddon JM, Sharma S, Sheffield VC, Shields CL, Shields JA, Singh A, Sjaarda RN, Slakter JS, Smith VC, Smith RE, Solomon SD, Soubrane G, Spencer R, Sternberg P, Stewart JM, Stone EM, Sugino IK, Sunness JS, Tano Y, Tasman WS, Thomas MA, Thompson JT, Thorne JE, Thumann G, Toth CA, Trese MT, Tsai LM, Turner PL, Tweito TH, Updike PG, Van Gelder RN, van Lith-Verhoeven JJ, Vaudaux JD, Villain F, Vitale AT, Walker JD, Walsh AC, Wang H, Webster AR, Weiland JD, Weiter JJ, Weleber RG, Wharam MD, Jeffrey Whitehead A, Wiedemann P, Wilkinson C, Williams GA, Willson JK, Wilson DJ, Win PH, Yannuzzi LA, Yoon YH, Young TA, Zarbin MA, Zhang K. Contributors. Retina 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-02598-0.50003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Seddon
- Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114, USA
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Cheng WF, Lee CN, Chen CA, Chu JS, Kung CC, Hsieh CY, Hsieh FJ. Comparison between 'in vivo' and 'in vitro' methods for evaluating tumor angiogenesis using cervical carcinoma as a model. Angiogenesis 2003; 3:295-304. [PMID: 14517409 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026575725754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of angiogenesis in tumorigenesis is widely accepted. Therefore, it is mandatory to develop a clinically useful method for assessing tumor angiogenesis. This study was designed to compare the 'in vivo' and 'in vitro' methods for assessing angiogenesis and to evaluate their clinical application using cervical carcinoma as a model. Ninety women with stages IB-IIA cervical carcinoma exhibiting visible cervical tumors by transvaginal ultrasound were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent radical abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Vascularity index (VI) was assessed by power Doppler ultrasound and a quantitative image processing system. The microvessel density (MVD) of the excised tumors was immunohistochemically assessed. Both the enzyme immunoassay and immunohistochemistry methods were performed for assessing the protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor tissues. Significantly higher VI, MVD and cytosol VEGF concentrations were detected in tumors with deep stromal invasion (>or=1/2 thickness) (11.43 +/- 7.25 vs. 5.87 +/- 6.81, P < 0.001; 53.0 vs. 37.0, P = 0.006, 550.0 vs. 86.0 pg/mg, P < 0.001), lymphatic invasion (12.21 +/- 7.89 vs. 6.86 +/- 6.29, P < 0.001; 53.0 vs. 40.0, P = 0.038; 930.0 vs. 110.0 pg/mg, P = 0.002), and pelvic lymph node metastasis (17.15 +/- 8.58 vs. 7.83 +/- 6.41, P < 0.001; 54.0 vs. 39.0, P = 0.02; 964.0 vs. 131.0 pg/mg, P = 0.002). VEGF-rich tumors detected by immunohistochemistry also revealed higher VI (12.26 +/- 7.96 vs. 8.05 +/- 7.62, P = 0.012), MVD (53.0 vs. 37.5, P = 0.01) and cytosol VEGF levels (745.0 vs. 98.0 pg/mg, P = 0.002). The relationships between VI values, MVD values and cytosol VEGF concentrations were linear (VI vs. MVD, r = 0.38, P < 0.001; VI vs. VEGF, r = 0.78, P < 0.001; MVD vs. VEGF, r = 0.29, P = 0.006). As revealed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, VI is better than MVD and VEGF in predicting lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, there is histological, molecular and clinical evidence supporting VI as a useful 'in vivo' indicator of tumor angiogenesis, particularly for predicting lymph node metastases in cervical carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shih LJ, Chen CA, Chen CP, Hwang SPL. Identification and characterization of bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 gene from the starfish Archaster typicus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 131:143-51. [PMID: 11818237 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP2/4) gene has been cloned from the starfish, Archaster typicus, for the purpose of investigating the expression pattern of the BMP4 gene in echinoderm embryos which do not produce micromeres. The isolated gene (named AtBMP2/4) contained two exons that encoded the entire coding region. The deduced AtBMP2/4 protein sequence contained 509 amino acids. Sequence comparison showed that it shared high amino acid similarity with sea urchin BMP2/4 and Xenopus BMP2 and BMP4. Northern blot analyses indicated that AtBMP2/4 mRNA initially appears at the blastula stage and has a maximal expression level at the gastrula stage. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that AtBMP2/4 mRNA is expressed in the archenteron, coelomic vesicles, and ectodermal cells of gastrula stage embryos. The observed spatial distribution pattern vastly differs from that of sea urchin SpBMP2/4, which is expressed mainly in the oral ectoderm region of the mesenchyme blastula and early gastrula embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-J Shih
- Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, ROC
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Chen CA, Sieburth SM, Glekas A, Hewitt GW, Trainor GL, Erickson-Viitanen S, Garber SS, Cordova B, Jeffry S, Klabe RM. Drug design with a new transition state analog of the hydrated carbonyl: silicon-based inhibitors of the HIV protease. Chem Biol 2001; 8:1161-6. [PMID: 11755395 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(01)00079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon is the element most similar to carbon, and bioactive organosilanes have therefore been of longstanding interest. Design of bioactive organosilanes has often involved a systematic replacement of a bioactive molecule's stable carbon atoms with silicon. Silanediols, which are best known as unstable precursors of the robust and ubiquitous silicone polymers, have the potential to mimic an unstable carbon, the hydrated carbonyl. As a bioisostere of the tetrahedral intermediate of amide hydrolysis, a silanediol could act as a transition state analog inhibitor of protease enzymes. RESULTS Silanediol analogs of a carbinol-based inhibitor of the HIV protease were prepared as single enantiomers, with up to six stereogenic centers. As inhibitors of this aspartic protease, the silanediols were nearly equivalent to both their carbinol analogs and indinavir, a current treatment for AIDS, with low nanomolar K(i) values. IC(90) data from a cell culture assay mirrored the K(i) data, demonstrating that the silanediols can also cross cell membranes and deliver their antiviral effects. CONCLUSIONS In their first evaluation as inhibitors of an aspartic protease, silanediol peptidomimetics have been found to be nearly as potent as currently available pharmaceutical agents, in enzyme and cell protection assays. These neutral, cell-permeable transition state analogs therefore provide a novel foundation for the design of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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