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Rosenberg CE, Mingler MK, Caldwell JM, Collins MH, Fulkerson PC, Morris DW, Mukkada VA, Putnam PE, Shoda T, Wen T, Rothenberg ME. Esophageal IgG4 levels correlate with histopathologic and transcriptomic features in eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy 2018; 73:1892-1901. [PMID: 29790577 DOI: 10.1111/all.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data associate eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) with IgG4 rather than IgE, but its significance and function have not been determined. Our aims were to measure esophageal IgG4 levels and to determine functional correlations as assessed by histologic and transcriptome analyses. METHODS This case-control study included pediatric subjects with EoE (≥15 eosinophils/HPF) and non-EoE controls. Protein lysates were analyzed for IgA, IgM, and IgG1-IgG4 using the Luminex 100 system; IgE was quantified by ELISA. Esophageal biopsies were scored using the EoE histology scoring system. Transcripts were probed by the EoE diagnostic panel, designed to examine the expression of 96 esophageal transcripts. RESULTS Esophageal IgG subclasses, IgA, and IgM, but not IgE, were increased in subjects with EoE relative to controls. The greatest change between groups was seen in IgG4 (4.2 mg/g protein [interquartile range: 1.0-13.1 mg/g protein] vs 0.2 mg/g protein [0.1-0.9]; P < .0001). Tissue IgG4 levels correlated with esophageal eosinophil counts (P = .0006); histologic grade (P = .0011) and stage (P = .0112) scores; and IL4, IL10, IL13, but not TGFB1, expression and had strong associations with a subset of the EoE transcriptome. Esophageal IgG4 transcript expression was increased and correlated with IgG4 protein levels and IL10 expression. CONCLUSION These findings extend prior studies on IgG4 in adult EoE to the pediatric population and provide deeper understanding of the potential significance and regulation of IgG4, demonstrating that IgG4 is a relevant feature of the disease; is closely related to esophageal eosinophil levels, type 2 immunity and T regulatory cytokines; and is likely produced locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Rosenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - M. K. Mingler
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - J. M. Caldwell
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - M. H. Collins
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - P. C. Fulkerson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - D. W. Morris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - V. A. Mukkada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - P. E. Putnam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - T. Shoda
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - T. Wen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - M. E. Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
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Donohoe G, Holland J, Mothersill D, McCarthy-Jones S, Cosgrove D, Harold D, Richards A, Mantripragada K, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Gill M, Corvin A, Morris DW. Genetically predicted complement component 4A expression: effects on memory function and middle temporal lobe activation. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1608-1615. [PMID: 29310738 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The longstanding association between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus and schizophrenia (SZ) risk has recently been accounted for, partially, by structural variation at the complement component 4 (C4) gene. This structural variation generates varying levels of C4 RNA expression, and genetic information from the MHC region can now be used to predict C4 RNA expression in the brain. Increased predicted C4A RNA expression is associated with the risk of SZ, and C4 is reported to influence synaptic pruning in animal models. METHODS Based on our previous studies associating MHC SZ risk variants with poorer memory performance, we tested whether increased predicted C4A RNA expression was associated with reduced memory function in a large (n = 1238) dataset of psychosis cases and healthy participants, and with altered task-dependent cortical activation in a subset of these samples. RESULTS We observed that increased predicted C4A RNA expression predicted poorer performance on measures of memory recall (p = 0.016, corrected). Furthermore, in healthy participants, we found that increased predicted C4A RNA expression was associated with a pattern of reduced cortical activity in middle temporal cortex during a measure of visual processing (p < 0.05, corrected). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the effects of C4 on cognition were observable at both a cortical and behavioural level, and may represent one mechanism by which illness risk is mediated. As such, deficits in learning and memory may represent a therapeutic target for new molecular developments aimed at altering C4's developmental role.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Donohoe
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group,The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry,The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics,National University of Ireland Galway,University Road,Galway,Ireland
| | - J Holland
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group,The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry,The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics,National University of Ireland Galway,University Road,Galway,Ireland
| | - D Mothersill
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group,The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry,The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics,National University of Ireland Galway,University Road,Galway,Ireland
| | - S McCarthy-Jones
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group,Department of Psychiatry & Institute of Molecular Medicine,Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
| | - D Cosgrove
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group,The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry,The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics,National University of Ireland Galway,University Road,Galway,Ireland
| | - D Harold
- School of Biotechnology,Dublin City University,Dublin,Ireland
| | - A Richards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University School of Medicine,Cardiff,UK
| | - K Mantripragada
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University School of Medicine,Cardiff,UK
| | - M J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University School of Medicine,Cardiff,UK
| | - M C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University School of Medicine,Cardiff,UK
| | - M Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group,Department of Psychiatry & Institute of Molecular Medicine,Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group,Department of Psychiatry & Institute of Molecular Medicine,Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
| | - D W Morris
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group,The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry,The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics,National University of Ireland Galway,University Road,Galway,Ireland
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Cosgrove D, Harold D, Mothersill O, Anney R, Hill MJ, Bray NJ, Blokland G, Petryshen T, Richards A, Mantripragada K, Owen M, O'Donovan MC, Gill M, Corvin A, Morris DW, Donohoe G. MiR-137-derived polygenic risk: effects on cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and controls. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1012. [PMID: 28117840 PMCID: PMC5545742 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants at microRNA-137 (MIR137), one of the most strongly associated schizophrenia risk loci identified to date, have been associated with poorer cognitive performance. As microRNA-137 is known to regulate the expression of ~1900 other genes, including several that are independently associated with schizophrenia, we tested whether this gene set was also associated with variation in cognitive performance. Our analysis was based on an empirically derived list of genes whose expression was altered by manipulation of MIR137 expression. This list was cross-referenced with genome-wide schizophrenia association data to construct individual polygenic scores. We then tested, in a sample of 808 patients and 192 controls, whether these risk scores were associated with altered performance on cognitive functions known to be affected in schizophrenia. A subgroup of healthy participants also underwent functional imaging during memory (n=108) and face processing tasks (n=83). Increased polygenic risk within the empirically derived miR-137 regulated gene score was associated with significantly lower performance on intelligence quotient, working memory and episodic memory. These effects were observed most clearly at a polygenic threshold of P=0.05, although significant results were observed at all three thresholds analyzed. This association was found independently for the gene set as a whole, excluding the schizophrenia-associated MIR137 SNP itself. Analysis of the spatial working memory fMRI task further suggested that increased risk score (thresholded at P=10-5) was significantly associated with increased activation of the right inferior occipital gyrus. In conclusion, these data are consistent with emerging evidence that MIR137 associated risk for schizophrenia may relate to its broader downstream genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cosgrove
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - D Harold
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O Mothersill
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - R Anney
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M J Hill
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N J Bray
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - G Blokland
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T Petryshen
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - A Richards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Mantripragada
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D W Morris
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - G Donohoe
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland,The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 EV56, Ireland. E-mail:
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van Erp TGM, Hibar DP, Rasmussen JM, Glahn DC, Pearlson GD, Andreassen OA, Agartz I, Westlye LT, Haukvik UK, Dale AM, Melle I, Hartberg CB, Gruber O, Kraemer B, Zilles D, Donohoe G, Kelly S, McDonald C, Morris DW, Cannon DM, Corvin A, Machielsen MWJ, Koenders L, de Haan L, Veltman DJ, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Gur RC, Gur RE, Potkin SG, Mathalon DH, Mueller BA, Preda A, Macciardi F, Ehrlich S, Walton E, Hass J, Calhoun VD, Bockholt HJ, Sponheim SR, Shoemaker JM, van Haren NEM, Pol HEH, Ophoff RA, Kahn RS, Roiz-Santiañez R, Crespo-Facorro B, Wang L, Alpert KI, Jönsson EG, Dimitrova R, Bois C, Whalley HC, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM, Hashimoto R, Thompson PM, Turner JA. Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:547-53. [PMID: 26033243 PMCID: PMC4668237 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The profile of brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia is still not fully understood, despite decades of research using brain scans. To validate a prospective meta-analysis approach to analyzing multicenter neuroimaging data, we analyzed brain MRI scans from 2028 schizophrenia patients and 2540 healthy controls, assessed with standardized methods at 15 centers worldwide. We identified subcortical brain volumes that differentiated patients from controls, and ranked them according to their effect sizes. Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia had smaller hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.46), amygdala (d=-0.31), thalamus (d=-0.31), accumbens (d=-0.25) and intracranial volumes (d=-0.12), as well as larger pallidum (d=0.21) and lateral ventricle volumes (d=0.37). Putamen and pallidum volume augmentations were positively associated with duration of illness and hippocampal deficits scaled with the proportion of unmedicated patients. Worldwide cooperative analyses of brain imaging data support a profile of subcortical abnormalities in schizophrenia, which is consistent with that based on traditional meta-analytic approaches. This first ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group study validates that collaborative data analyses can readily be used across brain phenotypes and disorders and encourages analysis and data sharing efforts to further our understanding of severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J M Rasmussen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - G D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - O A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - U K Haukvik
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Dale
- MMIL, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - I Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C B Hartberg
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - O Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Kraemer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Zilles
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics research group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Kelly
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics research group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - D W Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics research group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D M Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics research group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M W J Machielsen
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Koenders
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L de Haan
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Veltman
- University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - F Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - S Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - E Walton
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Hass
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - V D Calhoun
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - H J Bockholt
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Informatics Group, LLC, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - S R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Healthcare System & Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | | | - N E M van Haren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H E H Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Ophoff
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R S Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - K I Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - E G Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Dimitrova
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Bois
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J A Turner
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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van Erp TGM, Hibar DP, Rasmussen JM, Glahn DC, Pearlson GD, Andreassen OA, Agartz I, Westlye LT, Haukvik UK, Dale AM, Melle I, Hartberg CB, Gruber O, Kraemer B, Zilles D, Donohoe G, Kelly S, McDonald C, Morris DW, Cannon DM, Corvin A, Machielsen MWJ, Koenders L, de Haan L, Veltman DJ, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Gur RC, Gur RE, Potkin SG, Mathalon DH, Mueller BA, Preda A, Macciardi F, Ehrlich S, Walton E, Hass J, Calhoun VD, Bockholt HJ, Sponheim SR, Shoemaker JM, van Haren NEM, Pol HEH, Ophoff RA, Kahn RS, Roiz-Santiañez R, Crespo-Facorro B, Wang L, Alpert KI, Jönsson EG, Dimitrova R, Bois C, Whalley HC, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM, Hashimoto R, Thompson PM. Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:585. [PMID: 26283641 PMCID: PMC5751698 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li M, Luo XJ, Rietschel M, Lewis CM, Mattheisen M, Müller-Myhsok B, Jamain S, Leboyer M, Landén M, Thompson PM, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Schulze TG, Sullivan PF, Bergen SE, Donohoe G, Morris DW, Hargreaves A, Gill M, Corvin A, Hultman C, Toga AW, Shi L, Lin Q, Shi H, Gan L, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Czamara D, Henry C, Etain B, Bis JC, Ikram MA, Fornage M, Debette S, Launer LJ, Seshadri S, Erk S, Walter H, Heinz A, Bellivier F, Stein JL, Medland SE, Arias Vasquez A, Hibar DP, Franke B, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Su B. Allelic differences between Europeans and Chinese for CREB1 SNPs and their implications in gene expression regulation, hippocampal structure and function, and bipolar disorder susceptibility. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:452-61. [PMID: 23568192 PMCID: PMC3937299 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a polygenic disorder that shares substantial genetic risk factors with major depressive disorder (MDD). Genetic analyses have reported numerous BD susceptibility genes, while some variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CACNA1C have been successfully replicated, many others have not and subsequently their effects on the intermediate phenotypes cannot be verified. Here, we studied the MDD-related gene CREB1 in a set of independent BD sample groups of European ancestry (a total of 64,888 subjects) and identified multiple SNPs significantly associated with BD (the most significant being SNP rs6785[A], P=6.32 × 10(-5), odds ratio (OR)=1.090). Risk SNPs were then subjected to further analyses in healthy Europeans for intermediate phenotypes of BD, including hippocampal volume, hippocampal function and cognitive performance. Our results showed that the risk SNPs were significantly associated with hippocampal volume and hippocampal function, with the risk alleles showing a decreased hippocampal volume and diminished activation of the left hippocampus, adding further evidence for their involvement in BD susceptibility. We also found the risk SNPs were strongly associated with CREB1 expression in lymphoblastoid cells (P<0.005) and the prefrontal cortex (P<1.0 × 10(-6)). Remarkably, population genetic analysis indicated that CREB1 displayed striking differences in allele frequencies between continental populations, and the risk alleles were completely absent in East Asian populations. We demonstrated that the regional prevalence of the CREB1 risk alleles in Europeans is likely caused by genetic hitchhiking due to natural selection acting on a nearby gene. Our results suggest that differential population histories due to natural selection on regional populations may lead to genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to complex diseases, such as BD, and explain inconsistencies in detecting the genetic markers of these diseases among different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X-J Luo
- University of Rochester Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Rietschel
- 1] Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C M Lewis
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Mattheisen
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - S Jamain
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - M Leboyer
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - M Landén
- 1] Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden [2] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Cichon
- 1] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M M Nöthen
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - T G Schulze
- 1] Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany [2] Section on Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - P F Sullivan
- Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S E Bergen
- 1] Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Donohoe
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D W Morris
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Hargreaves
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A W Toga
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Q Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L Gan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - D Czamara
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C Henry
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - B Etain
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - J C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M A Ikram
- 1] Department of Radiology and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] The Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Debette
- 1] Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA [2] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France [3] Department of Epidemiology, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, France
| | - L J Launer
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- 1] Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA [2] The National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - S Erk
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany [2] Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Walter
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany [3] Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Bellivier
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] AP-HP, Hôpital St-Louis-Lariboisière-F Widal, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Paris, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J L Stein
- 1] Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S E Medland
- 1] Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia [2] Quantitative Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Arias Vasquez
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Franke
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - B Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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O'Donoghue T, Morris DW, Fahey C, Da Costa A, Moore S, Cummings E, Leicht G, Karch S, Hoerold D, Tropea D, Foxe JJ, Gill M, Corvin A, Donohoe G. Effects of ZNF804A on auditory P300 response in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e345. [PMID: 24424391 PMCID: PMC3905225 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The common variant rs1344706 within the zinc-finger protein gene ZNF804A has been strongly implicated in schizophrenia (SZ) susceptibility by a series of recent genetic association studies. Although associated with a pattern of altered neural connectivity, evidence that increased risk is mediated by an effect on cognitive deficits associated with the disorder has been equivocal. This study investigated whether the same ZNF804A risk allele was associated with variation in the P300 auditory-evoked response, a cognitively relevant putative endophenotype for SZ. We compared P300 responses in carriers and noncarriers of the ZNF804A risk allele genotype groups in Irish patients and controls (n=97). P300 response was observed to vary according to genotype in this sample, such that risk allele carriers showed relatively higher P300 response compared with noncarriers. This finding accords with behavioural data reported by our group and others. It is also consistent with the idea that ZNF804A may have an impact on cortical efficiency, reflected in the higher levels of activations required to achieve comparable behavioural accuracy on the task used.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O'Donoghue
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D W Morris
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Fahey
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Da Costa
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Moore
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Cummings
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Leicht
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Lab, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - S Karch
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Lab, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - D Hoerold
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Tropea
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J J Foxe
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- The School of Psychology, The National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Donohoe
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- The School of Psychology, The National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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8
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Cummings E, Donohoe G, Hargreaves A, Moore S, Fahey C, Dinan TG, McDonald C, O'Callaghan E, O'Neill FA, Waddington JL, Murphy KC, Morris DW, Gill M, Corvin A. Mood congruent psychotic symptoms and specific cognitive deficits in carriers of the novel schizophrenia risk variant at MIR-137. Neurosci Lett 2012; 532:33-8. [PMID: 22982201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Schizophrenia Psychiatric Genome-wide Association (GWAS) Consortium recently reported on five novel schizophrenia susceptibility loci. The most significant finding mapped to a micro-RNA, MIR-137, which may be involved in regulating the function of other schizophrenia and bipolar disorder susceptibility genes. METHOD We genotyped 821 patients with confirmed DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder I and schizoaffective disorder for the risk SNP (rs1625579) and investigated the clinical profiles of risk allele carriers using a within-case design. We also assessed neurocognitive performance in a subset of cases (n=399) and controls (n=171). RESULTS Carriers of the risk allele had lower scores for an OPCRIT-derived positive symptom factor (p=0.04) and lower scores on a lifetime measure of psychosis incongruity (p=0.017). Risk allele carriers also had more cognitive deficits involving episodic memory and attentional control. CONCLUSION This is the first evidence that the MIR-137 risk variant may be associated with a specific subgroup of psychosis patients. Although the effect of this single SNP was not clinically relevant, investigation of the impact of carrying multiple risk SNPs in the MIR-137 regulatory network on diagnosis and illness profile may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cummings
- Dept of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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9
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Delaney C, McGrane J, Cummings E, Morris DW, Tropea D, Gill M, Corvin A, Donohoe G. Preserved cognitive function is associated with suicidal ideation and single suicide attempts in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2012; 140:232-6. [PMID: 22796150 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is the leading cause of death in schizophrenia. An association between suicidal behavior and both higher and lower cognitive ability in schizophrenia has been reported. To clarify this relationship, we investigated whether the relationship between suicidality and neurocognition varied according to differences in suicidal ideation and behavior. METHODS Three hundred and ten patients with DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were categorized based on patient and staff interviews as either non-suicide attempters, non-attempters expressing suicidal ideation, single suicide attempters, or multiple suicide attempters. These groups were compared on a neuropsychological battery examining current general cognitive ability, episodic and working memory, and attentional control. RESULTS Neuropsychological performance in those with a history of suicidal ideation (n=63), and those who had made one suicide attempt (n=48) was comparable. Together, these groups outperformed patients with no history of either suicidal behavior or ideation (n=172) on measures of IQ, episodic memory and working memory. Only differences in global cognition remained significant after controlling for between-group differences in depressive symptoms. Those who had either expressed suicidal ideation and/or made a single suicide attempt demonstrated trend level advantages in neuropsychological tests over those that had made multiple suicide attempts. DISCUSSION These findings support earlier evidence of an association between suicidality and neurocognitive ability in schizophrenia. Specifically, these data suggest that patients who have contemplated suicide or made a single suicide attempt have better cognitive functioning than those who have not. Suicidality in multiple attempters, who do not perform better in neurocognitive tests than those who have neither contemplated nor attempted suicide, is likely to be influenced by factors other than neurocognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delaney
- Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Morris DW, Trivedi MH, Husain MM, Fava M, Budhwar N, Wisniewski SR, Miyahara S, Gollan JK, Davis LL, Daly EJ, Rush AJ. Indicators of pretreatment suicidal ideation in adults with major depressive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010; 121:480-4. [PMID: 19958307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to evaluate the presence of treatment emergent suicidal ideation (SI), it becomes necessary to identify those patients with SI at the onset of treatment. The purpose of this report is to identify sociodemographic and clinical features that are associated with SI in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients prior to treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. METHOD This multisite study enrolled 265 out-patients with non-psychotic MDD. Sociodemographic and clinical features of participants with and without SI were compared post hoc. RESULTS Social phobia, bulimia nervosa, number of past depressive episodes, and race were independently associated with SI by one or more SI measure. CONCLUSION Concurrent social phobia and bulimia nervosa may be potential risk factors for SI in patients with non-psychotic MDD. Additionally, patients with more than one past depressive episode may also be at increased risk of SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9119, USA.
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11
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Corvin A, McGhee KA, Murphy K, Donohoe G, Nangle JM, Schwaiger S, Kenny N, Clarke S, Meagher D, Quinn J, Scully P, Baldwin P, Browne D, Walsh C, Waddington JL, Morris DW, Gill M. Evidence for association and epistasis at the DAOA/G30 and D-amino acid oxidase loci in an Irish schizophrenia sample. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:949-53. [PMID: 17492767 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) signaling pathway has been implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis. This may be mediated through modulation of NMDA function by DAO, which is in turn activated by DAO activator (DAOA, formerly G72). Chumakov et al. (2002); PNAS 99: 13675-13680, identifying the novel schizophrenia susceptibility gene DAOA/G30 and a number of independent studies have since reported evidence of association between the DAOA and DAO genes and schizophrenia. However, at least two studies have failed to replicate the epistatic interaction between these loci described in the original report and there have been differences in the associated alleles/haplotypes reported at each locus. In this study, we performed association and epistasis analyses of the DAOA/G30 and DAO loci in a sample of 373 cases with DSM-IV schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and 812 controls from the Republic of Ireland. Corrected for the number of tests performed, we found evidence for association between markers at both genes and schizophrenia: DAOA/G30 (P = 0.005, OR = 1.34 (1.09, 1.65)) and DAO (P = 0.003, OR = 1.43 (1.12, 1.84). The data suggest that evidence for association at DAO (marker rs2111902) is more consistent than previously realized, particularly in Caucasian schizophrenia populations. We identified evidence for epistatic interaction between the associated SNPs at DAOA and DAO genes in contributing to schizophrenia risk (OR = 9.3 (1.4, 60.5). Based on these data, more systematic investigation of genes involved in DAO signaling is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James Hospital, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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12
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Donohoe G, Morris DW, Robertson IH, McGhee KA, Murphy K, Kenny N, Clarke S, Gill M, Corvin AP. DAOA ARG30LYS and verbal memory function in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:795-6. [PMID: 17767147 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4002026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Rasmussen MH, Sørensen AB, Morris DW, Dutra JC, Engelhard EK, Wang CL, Schmidt J, Pedersen FS. Tumor model-specific proviral insertional mutagenesis of the Fos/Jdp2/Batf locus. Virology 2005; 337:353-64. [PMID: 15913695 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Revised: 04/05/2005] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral activation of the AP-1/ATF super family member Jdp2 was recently reported to be a common event in M-MLV-induced T cell lymphoma in p27-null C57x129 mice as compared to wild type-inoculated mice but has not been found important in other models. On the basis of retroviral tag retrieval from 1190 individual Akv- and SL3-3-induced lymphomas, we here report that insertional mutagenesis into the 250-kb Fos/Jdp2/Batf locus is associated with SL3-3 MLV-induced T but not Akv-induced B cell lymphomas of NMRI and SWR mice. Integration pattern and clonality analyses suggest that Jdp2 participates in SL3-3-induced tumorigenesis distinctly as compared to the M-MLV setting. Northern blot analysis showed Jdp2 to be alternatively spliced in various normal tissues as well as MLV-induced lymphomas. Interestingly, in some tumors, proviral insertion seems to activate different mRNA sub-species. Whereas elevated mRNA levels of the Fos gene could not be correlated with provirus presence, in one case, Northern blot analysis as well as quantitative real-time PCR indicated proviral activation of the AP-1 super family member Batf, a gene not previously reported to be a target of insertional mutagenesis. A novel integration cluster between Jdp2 and Batf apparently did not influence the expression level of either gene, underscoring the importance of addressing expression effects to identify target genes of insertion. Altogether, such distinct insertion patterns point to different mechanism of activation of specific proto-oncogenes and are consequently of importance for the understanding of proviral activation mechanisms as well as the specific role of individual oncogenes in tumor development.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genes, fos
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Proviruses/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Thymus Gland/virology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Virus Latency
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, C. F. Mollers Allé, Building 130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Morris DW, Ivanov D, Robinson L, Williams N, Stevenson J, Owen MJ, Williams J, O'Donovan MC. Association analysis of two candidate phospholipase genes that map to the chromosome 15q15.1-15.3 region associated with reading disability. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004; 129B:97-103. [PMID: 15274049 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular genetic studies have suggested a reading disability (RD, dyslexia) susceptibility locus on chromosome 15q. We have previously mapped this locus by association to the region surrounding D15S994. Very little is known about the neurobiological processes involved in RD, and therefore selecting positional candidate genes for analysis based upon function is difficult. Nevertheless we were able to identify two functional candidates based upon existing hypotheses. Both were phospholipase genes, phospholipase C beta 2 (PLCB2) and phospholipase A2, group IVB (cytosolic; PLA2G4B). D15S944 is located within PLCB2 and is 1.6 Mb from PLA2G4B. We examined each gene for association using a mixed direct and indirect association approach, a case (n = 164)/control (n = 174) sample, and a partially overlapping sample of 178 RD parent-proband trios from South Wales and England. Mutation analysis revealed 14 sequence variants in PLCB2 and 33 variants in PLA2G4B. All non-synonymous SNPs were genotyped as were SNPs across each gene with maximum distance between SNPs of 6 kb. Case-control analyses revealed modest evidence (0.01 < P < 0.05) for association between a single variant in PLCB2 and two variants in PLA2G4B. However, association was not confirmed in the family based sample. As the latter sample has previously generated replicated significant evidence for association between RD and markers/haplotypes surrounding D15S944, it should have sufficient power to detect association to variants in susceptibility gene itself. We conclude that neither gene accounts for the association signal we previously observed. As these are the only clear cut functional candidate genes in the region, identification of the putative susceptibility locus for RD on 15q will require more methodical non-hypothesis driven positional cloning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Morris
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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15
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Williams NM, Preece A, Morris DW, Spurlock G, Bray NJ, Stephens M, Norton N, Williams H, Clement M, Dwyer S, Curran C, Wilkinson J, Moskvina V, Waddington JL, Gill M, Corvin AP, Zammit S, Kirov G, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC. Identification in 2 Independent Samples of a Novel Schizophrenia RiskHaplotype of the Dystrobrevin Binding Protein Gene (DTNBP1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 61:336-44. [PMID: 15066891 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.61.4.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent research suggests that variation in the gene encoding dystrobrevin binding protein (DTNBP1) confers susceptibility to schizophrenia. Thus far, no specific risk haplotype has been identified in more than 1 study. OBJECTIVES To confirm DTNBP1 as a schizophrenia susceptibility gene, to identify and replicate specific risk and protective haplotypes, and to explore relationships between DTNBP1 and the phenotype. DESIGN Genetic association study based on mutation detection and case-control analysis. SETTING All subjects were unrelated and ascertained from general (secondary care) psychiatric inpatient and outpatient services. PARTICIPANTS The Cardiff, Wales, sample included 708 white subjects from the United Kingdom and Ireland (221 females) who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and were individually matched for age, sex, and ethnicity to 711 blood donor controls (233 females). Mean +/- SD age at first psychiatric contact for cases was 23.6 +/- 7.7 years; mean age at ascertainment was 41.8 +/- 13.5 years. The Dublin, Ireland, sample included 219 white subjects from the Republic of Ireland who met DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 231 controls. The mean age of the Irish cases was 46.0 +/- 8.5 years; mean age at first psychiatric contact was 25.2 +/- 12.4 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Evidence for association between the DTNBP1 locus and schizophrenia. RESULTS In the Cardiff sample, there was no evidence for association with previously implicated haplotypes but strong evidence for association with multiple novel haplotypes. Maximum evidence was found for a novel 3-marker haplotype (global P<.001), composed of 1 risk haplotype (P =.01) and 2 protective haplotypes, 1 common (P =.006) and 1 rare (P<.001). Specific risk and protective haplotypes were replicated in the Dublin sample (P =.02,.047, and.006, respectively). The only phenotypic variable associated with any haplotype was between the common protective haplotype and higher educational achievement (P =.02, corrected for multiple tests). CONCLUSIONS DTNBP1 is a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Specific risk and protective haplotypes were identified and replicated. Association with educational achievement may suggest protection mediated by IQ, although this needs to be confirmed in an independent data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Williams
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
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Corvin AP, Morris DW, McGhee K, Schwaiger S, Scully P, Quinn J, Meagher D, Clair DS, Waddington JL, Gill M. Confirmation and refinement of an 'at-risk' haplotype for schizophrenia suggests the EST cluster, Hs.97362, as a potential susceptibility gene at the Neuregulin-1 locus. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9:208-13. [PMID: 14966480 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two recent association studies have implicated the neuregulin-1 gene (NRG1) at chromosome 8p21-22 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Stefansson et al identified three 'at-risk' haplotypes (HapA, B and C) which spanned the NRG1 locus and shared a common core haplotype. Subsequently, they demonstrated evidence that the core haplotype was associated with schizophrenia in an independent Scottish sample. To confirm and refine this haplotype we investigated the NRG1 locus in an independent Irish case-control sample. We did not find the core haplotype to be associated in our sample. However, we identified a refined 2-marker haplotype (HapB(IRE)) that shared common alleles with one of the Icelandic 'at-risk' haplotypes and is in significant excess in the Irish cases (19.4%) vs controls (12.3%) (P=0.013). This refined 'at-risk' haplotype is also in significant excess in the Scottish case sample (17.0% vs 13.5%; P=0.036). Interestingly, this refined 'at-risk' haplotype is positioned close to an EST cluster of unknown function (Hs.97362) within intron 1 of NRG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Turic D, Robinson L, Duke M, Morris DW, Webb V, Hamshere M, Milham C, Hopkin E, Pound K, Fernando S, Grierson A, Easton M, Williams N, Van Den Bree M, Chowdhury R, Gruen J, Stevenson J, Krawczak M, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Williams J. Linkage disequilibrium mapping provides further evidence of a gene for reading disability on chromosome 6p21.3-22. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8:176-85. [PMID: 12610650 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping was used to follow up reports of linkage between reading disability (RD) and an 18 cM region of chromosome 6p21.3-22. Using a two-stage approach, we tested for association between RD and 22 microsatellite markers in two independent samples of 101 (Stage 1) and 77 (Stage 2) parent/proband trios in which RD was rigorously defined. The most significant replicated associations were observed between combinations of markers D6S109/422/1665 (Stage 1, P=0.002 (adjusted for multiple testing); Stage 2, P=0.0001) and D6S506/1029/1660 (Stage 1, P=0.02 (adjusted), Stage 2, P=0.0001). The only two-marker association observed in both samples was with D6S422/1665 (P=0.01, 0.04). No single marker showed replicated association but D6S506 produced values of P=0.01 and 0.08 which were significant when combined (P=0.02). We observed weaker and less consistent evidence of association in a region of confirmed linkage to RD in previous studies. The most consistently significant haplotypic association D6S109/422/1665, showed association with single-word reading, spelling, phonological awareness, phonological decoding, orthographic accuracy and random automised naming, but not with vocabulary or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Our findings strongly support the presence of a gene contributing to RD in a region of chromosome 6 between markers D6S109 and D6S1260, but do not rule out the presence of a gene between D6S1556 and MOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Turic
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
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Abstract
If individuals occupy habitats in a way that maximizes their fitness, if they are free to occupy the habitats they choose and if fitness declines with population density, then their abundance across habitats should follow an ideal free distribution. But, if individuals are genetically related, this simple fitness-maximization mechanism breaks down. Habitat occupation should obey Hamilton's rule (natural selection favours traits causing a loss in individual fitness as long as they result in an equal or greater gain in inclusive fitness) and depends more on inclusive fitness than it does on individual fitness. We demonstrate that the resulting inclusive-fitness distribution inflates the population density in habitats of poorer inherent quality, creating pronounced source sink dynamics. We also show that density-dependent habitat selection among relatives reinforces behaviours such as group defence and interspecific territoriality, and that it explains many anomalies in dispersal and foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Morris
- Department of Biology, and Faculty of Forestry and the Forest Environment, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
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Morris DW, Warnock JK. Effectiveness of a Mobile Outreach and Crisis Services unit in reducing psychiatric symptoms in a population of homeless persons with severe mental illness. J Okla State Med Assoc 2001; 94:343-6. [PMID: 11515382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use a time-lag design to evaluate the effectiveness of a Mobile Outreach and Crisis Services unit in remitting psychiatric symptomatology, improving global functioning, and decreasing homelessness in a population of homeless, severely mentally ill residing in a mid-sized urban center. Using a time-lag study design, two groups of subjects--25 individuals before receiving services (control group) and 25 individuals after receiving services (experimental group)--were contrasted across outcome measures. The results indicate that a MOCS unit utilizing a Program for Assertive Community Treatment mode was effective in significantly decreasing psychiatric symptomatology, reducing homelessness, and increasing global functioning. If carefully implemented and interpreted, a time-lag design may be a means of providing valuable feedback and information in a timely manner.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if sertraline is helpful in the management of depressive symptoms associated with ovarian suppression during GnRH agonist therapy as compared with a placebo-controlled group. DESIGN Double-blind placebo-controlled prospective study design. SETTING An obstetrics/gynecological office specializing in infertility in an academic environment. PATIENT(S) Premenstrual women with laparoscopically diagnosed endometriosis who required GnRH agonist therapy for treatment and did not have significant depressive or premenstrual mood symptoms at baseline. INTERVENTION(S) Participants were randomly assigned to either the sertraline treatment group or to the placebo group for the 3-month duration of the GnRH agonist therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), which is an instrument designed to assess depressive symptomatology. RESULT(S) A Hotellings T(2) test for repeated measure analysis indicated a statistically significant (P<.05) between-group difference across time for the HRSD (T(2) = 13.3; F[3, 28] = 4.1; P=.02) with the sertraline treatment group manifesting significantly fewer depressive symptoms than the control group. CONCLUSION(S) The results indicate that sertraline is an effective option in the management of depressive mood symptoms associated with ovarian suppression during GnRH agonist therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Warnock
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, 74135, USA.
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Abstract
The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are a relatively new class of drugs that are potentially effective in treating disorders that are aggravated either by estrogen or testosterone. GnRH agonists are effective in the treatment of endometriosis, as well as other disorders, such as advanced prostrate cancer, precocious puberty and uterine leiomyomata. While the GnRH agonists reduce the extent of the endometrial lesions and the occurrence of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis, these agents are associated with physical and psychiatric side effects. The adverse effects of these agents are consistent with the physiological effects of ovarian suppression, such as vasomotor instability, vaginal dryness, and headaches. Preliminary results of a prospective, double-blind placebo-controlled study and an open label trial indicates that depressive mood symptoms increase in women treated with GnRH agonist therapy for endometriosis. Additional evidence suggest that sertraline effectively manages depressive mood symptoms associated with GnRH agonist therapy. The reason for the decline in mood on GnRH agonists is postulated to be associated with the decline in estrogen levels. Effective treatment strategies for depressive mood symptoms in women on GnRH agonists therapy may offer insight into the mechanisms of action of estrogen on mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Warnock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center-Tulsa, Oklahoma 74129, USA
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Morris DW, Robinson L, Turic D, Duke M, Webb V, Milham C, Hopkin E, Pound K, Fernando S, Easton M, Hamshere M, Williams N, McGuffin P, Stevenson J, Krawczak M, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Williams J. Family-based association mapping provides evidence for a gene for reading disability on chromosome 15q. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9:843-8. [PMID: 10749993 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/9.5.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Family-based association mapping was used to follow up reports of linkage between reading disability (RD) and a genomic region on chromosome 15q. Using a two-stage approach, we ascertained 101 (stage 1) and 77 (stage 2) parent-proband trios, in which RD was characterized rigorously. In stage 1, a set of eight microsatellite markers spanning the region of putative linkage was used and a highly significant association was detected between RD and a three-marker haplotype (D15S994/D15S214/D15S146: P and empirical P < 0.001). A significant association with the same three-marker haplotype was also observed in the second-stage sample (P = 0.009, empirical P = 0.006). Our data therefore provide strong evidence for one or more genes contributing to RD being located in the vicinity of the region including D15S146 and D15S994. In addition, our results provide support for association analysis being a useful method to map susceptibility loci for complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Morris
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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Abstract
Menopause, surgical or naturally occurring, with reduced or deficient ovarian functioning has a major impact on morbidity and mortality in mid- to late life. A growing body of literature notes the role of androgens in maintaining women's health and emotional well-being. The administration of physiologic levels of testosterone replacement therapy as an adjunct to estrogen replacement requires further investigation. The Sexual Energy Scale was used to measure the patient's subjective experience of vitality or sexual energy with androgen replacement therapy. Three cases of women who had undergone a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy with complaints consistent with female hypoactive sexual desire disorder and free testosterone levels of < 2.0 pg/ml are presented. Physiologic androgen replacement is helpful in increasing sexual desire for some women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Warnock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa 74129, USA.
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Lin B, Morris DW, Chou JY. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha is an accessory factor required for activation of glucose-6-phosphatase gene transcription by glucocorticoids. DNA Cell Biol 1998; 17:967-74. [PMID: 9839806 DOI: 10.1089/dna.1998.17.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, causes glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD-1a), also know as von Gierke disease. Expression of the G6Pase gene is regulated by multiple hormones, including glucocorticoids. The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone increased G6Pase mRNA abundance and gene transcription in H4-IIE hepatoma cells. Transient transfection assays demonstrated that the G6Pase promoter was active in H4-IIE cells only in the presence of dexamethasone. The minimal G6Pase promoter was contained within nucleotides -234/+3, which has two putative glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) at nucleotides -178/-164 (site 1) and -154/-140 (site 2). Electromobility shift and transient transfection assays showed that only GRE site 1 was required for glucocorticoid-activated transcription from the G6Pase promoter. Deletion analysis demonstrated that the DNA elements absolutely essential for glucocorticoid-stimulated transcription from the G6Pase promoter were contained within nucleotides -234/-212, encompassing binding motifs for hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) 1 (-226/-212) and 4 (-231/-220). Electromobility shift and cotransfection assays showed that HNF1alpha bound to its cognate site and mediated transcription activation of the G6Pase gene by glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lin
- Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is thought to affect 5-10% of reproductive age women in the general population and is commonly treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Recent studies suggest depressive symptoms are associated with women treated with GnRH agonist for endometriosis. METHODS A retrospective pilot study of 42 female patients, 22 in the treatment group (sertraline) and 20 in the control group (no sertraline), was conducted. All subjects had laproscopically diagnosed endometriosis and were treated with 24 weeks of GnRH agonist therapy. Assessment instruments included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Menopausal Symptom Index. RESULTS The results indicate that patients receiving concomitant sertraline reported significantly less depressive symptoms, but did not differ significantly in physical symptoms than the group receiving a GnRH agonist alone. CONCLUSIONS Antidepressants, such as sertraline, appear to be significantly helpful in the treatment of mood symptoms during the course of GnRH agonist therapy.
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Warnock JK, Bundren JC, Morris DW. Female hypoactive sexual desire disorder due to androgen deficiency: clinical and psychometric issues. Psychopharmacol Bull 1998; 33:761-6. [PMID: 9493489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Menopause, surgical or naturally occurring, with reduced or deficient ovarian functioning has a major impact on morbidity and mortality in mid to late life. In particular, a growing body of literature is focusing on the role of androgens in maintaining women's health and emotional well-being. Further study is needed in the administration of physiologic levels of testosterone replacement therapy as an adjustment to estrogen replacement. The Sexual Energy Scale was developed to provide an objective means of measuring the change in a patient's subjective experience of vitality/sexual energy with androgen replacement therapy. The scale also provides a clinical indication for androgen replacement dosage adjustment. Advantages in using low doses of methyltestosterone in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Warnock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center-Tulsa 74129, USA
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30
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Abstract
The gene for glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), the key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the liver and kidney. To understand the molecular mechanisms regulating liver-specific expression of the G6Pase gene, we characterized G6Pase promoter activity by transient expression assays. The G6Pase promoter is active in HepG2 hepatoma cells, but inactive in JEG3 choriocarcinoma or 3T3 cells. DNA elements essential for optimal and liver-specific expression of the G6Pase gene were contained within nucleotides -234 to +3. Deletion analysis revealed that the G6Pase promoter contained three activation elements (AEs) at nucleotides -234 to -212 (AE-I), -146 to -125 (AE-II), and -124 to -71 (AE-III). AE-I contains binding sites for hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF) 1 and 4. Electromobility shift and cotransfection assays demonstrated that HNF1alpha, but not HNF4, bound to its cognate site and transactivated G6Pase gene expression. The G6Pase promoter contained five HNF3 motifs, 1 (-180/-174), 2 (-139/-133), 3 (-91/-85), 4 (-81/-75), and 5 (-72/-66), and all five sites bound HNF3gamma with high affinity. Transient expression and cotransfection assays showed that HNF3 site 1 is not required for basal promoter activity, but is essential for HNF3gamma-activated transcription from the G6Pase promoter. We further showed that HNF3 sites 3, 4, and 5 were essential for basal G6Pase promoter activity and transactivation by HNF3gamma. AE-II contains, in addition to a HNF3 motif, a cAMP-response element (CRE) and a C/EBP half-site. The G6Pase(-146/-116) DNA containing AE-II formed multiple protein-DNA complexes with HepG2 nuclear extracts, including HNF3gamma, CRE-binding protein (CREB), C/EBPalpha, and C/EBPbeta. We showed that AE-II mediated transcription activation of the G6Pase gene by cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lin
- Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Abstract
The Fgf-3 protooncogene (previously called int-2) is a target of proviral insertion mutations in mammary tumors induced by the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). These insertion mutations result in the transcriptional activation of Fgf-3, which is not normally expressed in the adult mammary gland. Previous mapping studies of numerous Fgf-3 insertion mutations have failed to reveal any provirus integrations within the gene coding region. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that oncogenesis occurs in this system as a consequence of up-regulation of Fgf-3 transcription, rather than from alterations of the gene product. During an analysis of a new cohort of tumors from the WXG-2 mouse strain, a breast tumor was identified which had a MMTV provirus integrated 24 bp upstream of the Fgf-3 stop codon. This insertion mutation generated a fusion transcript which was readily detectable in tumor RNA by RT-PCR. The predicted protein product of this fusion transcript is missing 8 aa of native sequence and contains an additional 8 aa of cryptic MMTV-encoded sequence. These data document the first exception to the generalization that the Fgf-3 coding region is not disrupted by MMTV insertion mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Morris
- Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
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Tehranian A, Morris DW, Min BH, Bird DJ, Cardiff RD, Barry PA. Neoplastic transformation of prostatic and urogenital epithelium by the polyoma virus middle T gene. Am J Pathol 1996; 149:1177-91. [PMID: 8863667 PMCID: PMC1865178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Male transgenic mice expressing the polyomavirus middle T (PyV-MT) gene exhibited growth and developmental abnormalities in prostatic and other urogenital epithelium. Expression of PyV-MT was directed to these tissues by a novel, androgen-inducible expression vector based on the rat C3(1) gene. Epithelial growth disturbances (hyperplasia, dysplasia, and invasive carcinoma) were observed in the ventral and dorsal prostate, coagulating gland, epididymis, and vas deferens. The abnormalities were characterized by histological disorganization, nuclear pleomorphism, increased mitoses, and abnormal DNA content. Transgene transcription was detected in affected tissues, indicating that the C3(1)-based vector targeted androgen-sensitive urogenital tissues, especially the prostate. These results demonstrated that expression of a gene, the protein of which is known to interact with cellular proteins involved in signal transduction, dramatically disrupted urogenital growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tehranian
- Department of Medical Pathology, University of California at Davis 95616, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of borderline personality symptoms and self-harm behavior in two distinct groups of obese subjects. METHOD Obese women, 17 from an eating disorders program and 60 from a primary care setting, were administered the borderline personality scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire--Revised, the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients, and the Self-Harm Inventory. RESULTS There was a significant between-group difference on all study measures, with subjects in the eating disorders program displaying more psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Study group membership appears to have a significant effect on the prevalence of psychopathology in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Sansone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine-Tulsa, USA
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Abstract
The Mtv-6 provirus has an incomplete genome, but retains a functional superantigen gene (sag) which directs the thymic deletion of CD4+ T cells expressing T cell receptors containing the V beta 3 or V beta 5 chains. To better understand the Mtv-6 superantigen, the structure and biological activity of the Mtv-6 provirus was analyzed. First, the complete nucleotide sequence was determined, and the mutation producing the subgenomic provirus was identified. Second, the nucleotide sequence of the 5' end of the sag gene transcript (including the splice junction) was determined by sequence analysis of a cDNA clone. Third, the superantigen activity of Mtv-6 was analyzed in mice carrying the Mtv-6 provirus isolated by selective breeding on a genetic background free of endogenous and exogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). These studies demonstrate that (i) the Mtv-6 provirus contains a 6.2-kb deletion between two 12-bp direct repeats encompassing the central portion of the provirus but not affecting sag gene splicing or translation, (ii) the sag gene transcript has the structure predicted from previous S1 nuclease mapping studies, and (iii) the Mtv-6 superantigen can direct thymic deletion of target V beta 3+ and V beta 5+ T cells in the absence of gene products from full-length MMTV proviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cho
- Department of Medical Pathology, University of California at Davis 95616
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Abstract
In this report, the T cell repertoire was studied in a natural genetic model system using a novel mouse strain (WXG-2) carrying a single pathogenic mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) provirus (Mtv-2) on an otherwise MMTV-free genetic background. The Mtv-2 provirus has complete biological activity, produces infectious milk-transmitted virus, and contributes to mammary carcinogenesis by an insertion mutation mechanism. In mice carrying the Mtv-2 provirus, T cells expressing V beta 14 were specifically deleted in mice with a functional MHC class II I-E gene but not in I-E- controls. The deletion of V beta 14+ T cells was more rapid in mice with the Mtv-2 provirus than in Mtv-2-free control mice infected with exogenous MMTV. In addition, the Mtv-2 deletion phenotype was age dependent. A slow depletion of V beta 14+ T cells was observed, and greater than 95% of the V beta 14+ T cells were eliminated by 6 months of age. These experiments indicate that (i) the Mtv-2 provirus encodes or regulates expression of a V beta 14-specific superantigen, (ii) interactions between Mtv-2 and other MMTV proviruses are not necessary for the V beta 14 deletion phenotype, (iii) the presence of a retroviral superantigen in all cells is not sufficient for T cell depletion during neonatal development in the thymus, and (iv) the Mtv-2 provirus and its associated exogenous provirus have the same V beta specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Ferrick
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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Chiu KP, Cohen SH, Morris DW, Jordan GW. Intracellular amplification of proviral DNA in tissue sections using the polymerase chain reaction. J Histochem Cytochem 1992; 40:333-41. [PMID: 1313061 DOI: 10.1177/40.3.1313061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a new method to amplify cell DNA in situ using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Proviral sequences of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) contained in cultured cells and tissue sections were amplified intracellularly using a thermal cycler. Two techniques were employed to maintain the localization of the amplified DNA. First, complementary tails at the 5' ends of the oligonucleotide primers resulted in the synthesis of high molecular weight concatamers containing the target sequences. Second, the PCR was carried out in a thin film of agarose solidified over the tissue sections. The specifically amplified and localized DNA was then detected by in situ hybridization (ISH). Our results demonstrate that (a) DNA in tissue sections can serve as the target for the polymerase chain reaction in situ, (b) cell morphology is maintained, and (c) a target of 167 BP can be specifically detected in individual cells. This technique should be generally applicable to amplifying cellular DNA targets in tissue sections for detection in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Chiu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95817
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Morris DW, Barry PA, Bradshaw HD, Cardiff RD. Insertion mutation of the int-1 and int-2 loci by mouse mammary tumor virus in premalignant and malignant neoplasms from the GR mouse strain. J Virol 1990; 64:1794-802. [PMID: 2157060 PMCID: PMC249317 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.64.4.1794-1802.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-induced mammary adenocarcinomas can develop from several different premalignant precursors common in GR mice. Insertion mutagenesis of the mammary protooncogenes int-1 and int-2 was studied in this multistep system by analyzing samples from various stages of neoplastic development for novel int-1 and int-2 restriction fragments generated by MMTV provirus integration. int-1 and int-2 insertion mutations were observed in both premalignant lesions and malignant tumors. Some of the tumors with insertion mutations were experimentally derived from insertion mutation-free premalignant precursors. Each class of neoplasm examined had a characteristic frequency of int-1 and int-2 insertion mutations; however, no correspondence was observed between neoplasm morphology and mutation of either gene. These results indicate that insertion mutation of the int-1 and int-2 loci by MMTV provirus can be involved in the earliest identifiable stages of neoplastic development as well as during progression of premalignant lesions to tumors. Insertion mutation of int-1 and int-2 is therefore not stage specific in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Morris
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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Morris DW, Kim CY, McPherson A. Automation of protein crystallization trials: use of a robot to deliver reagents to a novel multi-chamber vapor diffusion plate. Biotechniques 1989; 7:522-7. [PMID: 2633794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the automation of search procedures to rapidly screen a large number of reagents and incubation conditions that lead to the formation of protein crystals. The system consists of a Biomek 1000 Automated Laboratory Workstation from Beckman Instruments under the control of a custom user-interface program developed by Cryschem. A plate composed of twenty-four vapor diffusion chambers, each with its own reservoir well and protein drop holder was designed by Cryschem to fit the Biomek table. The Cryschem software manages a large data base of incubation conditions and generates instructions for the workstation to dispense the protein, buffers, detergents, cofactors and other reagents used to promote the formation of protein crystals. The plate is manually positioned on the Biomek table and then under program control additions are automatically made to each chamber as follows: Precipitating solution is added to each reservoir well and the protein solution along with the precipitating solution and various other reagents are added to each drop holder. The plate is removed from the table and a mylar tape is applied to simultaneously seal all the chambers. The plates are placed at a controlled temperature and periodically examined for crystal formation.
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Abstract
Exogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) was cloned from a GR mammary tumor. Clone lambda GRT39 contained a full-length integrated MMTV(GR) provirus and both 5' and 3' host flanking DNA. The lambda GRT39 provirus had no apparent structural changes associated with cloning and retained the exogenous MMTV gag gene poison sequence. When introduced into rat mammary adenocarcinoma LA7 cells, the lambda GRT39 provirus was fully expressed. lambda GRT39-transfected LA7 cells made MMTV RNA, had gp52 SU protein on the cell surface, and produced B-type retrovirus particles characteristic of MMTV. Mammary tumors developed in hormone-stimulated BALB/c females injected with MMTV from lambda GRT39-transfected LA7 cells [MMTV (lambda GRT39)]. The tumors had new, clonally integrated copies of the MMTV(lambda GRT39) provirus and were expressing MMTV antigen. These data indicate that the lambda GRT39 provirus is biologically active and pathogenic.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/microbiology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/microbiology
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/pathogenicity
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/ultrastructure
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microscopy, Electron
- Proviruses/genetics
- Proviruses/pathogenicity
- Rats
- Restriction Mapping
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Morris
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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Masterson RV, Biagi K, Wheeler JG, Stadler J, Morris DW. An embryogenic cell line of maize from A188 (Minnesota) contains Mu1-like elements. Plant Mol Biol 1988; 10:273-279. [PMID: 24277521 DOI: 10.1007/bf00027404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/1987] [Accepted: 11/29/1987] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The maize inbred line A188 is popularly used for the production of embryogenic cell lines. A188, maintained at the University of Minnesota, was found upon molecular analysis to contain 2 to 4 copies of a DNA sequence very similar in structure to transposable Mu1 elements, which have been implicated in Robertson's Mutator system. These Mu1-like elements are in the same chromosomal locations in sibling plants and in A188 cell cultures derived from them. This suggests that the elements are in an inactive state and do not undergo transposition. However, we have observed that they are not modified at the target sites for certain restriction endonucleases. Possible causes for the apparent lack of transposition of these Mu1-like elements in these A188 lines are discussed. Inasmuch as the elements do not transpose, they must be maintained in this line as homozygous Mendelian elements by self-pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Masterson
- Department of Genetics, Iowa State University, 50011, Ames, IA, USA
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Pathak VK, Strange R, Young LJ, Morris DW, Cardiff RD. Survey of int region DNA rearrangements in C3H and BALB/cfC3H mouse mammary tumor system. J Natl Cancer Inst 1987; 78:327-31. [PMID: 3468297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rearrangement of the int-1 and int-2 regions of mouse chromosomes was compared in the C3H and BALB/cfC3H hyperplastic alveolar nodule and its hyperplastic outgrowth (HPO) model systems by examining the DNA of the different stages of the neoplastic progression, with use of the Southern blot technique. Rearrangement of int region DNAs associated with proviral amplification occurred more frequently in spontaneous tumors (19 of 27) than in tumors from HPOs (7 of 37) and rarely occurred in HPOs (1 of 29). However, the int-1 rearrangement maintained in 1 BALB/cfC3H HPO line through 11 transplant generations suggests that the int-1 rearrangement is neither sufficient nor necessary for progression to mouse mammary carcinoma.
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Morris DW, Young LJ, Gardner MB, Cardiff RD. Transfer, by selective breeding, of the pathogenic Mtv-2 endogenous provirus from the GR strain to a wild mouse line free of endogenous and exogenous mouse mammary tumor virus. J Virol 1986; 58:247-52. [PMID: 3009842 PMCID: PMC252907 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.58.2.247-252.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The GR laboratory mouse strain has five endogenous proviral copies of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). One of these, Mtv-2, is unique because it causes mammary carcinomas in virtually 100% of breeding GR females prior to 1 year of age. To facilitate studies of this locus in particular, and mammary tumorigenesis in general, we genetically tailored a new mouse line, WXG-2, which bears Mtv-2 as its only endogenous MMTV provirus. The WXG-2 line was constructed by making hybrids between the GR strain and a wild mouse line free of both endogenous and exogenous MMTV, backcrossing to the MMTV-free line, and fixing the Mtv-2 locus in a population with the desired genotype. Mammary tumors were observed in 5 of the 20 hybrid females carrying the endogenous Mtv-2 provirus. The WXG-2 line represents a new model system for studying MMTV-induced mammary tumorigenesis in the absence of multiple endogenous proviruses.
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Faulkin LJ, Mitchell DJ, Young LJ, Morris DW, Malone RW, Cardiff RD, Gardner MB. Hyperplastic and neoplastic changes in the mammary glands of feral mice free of endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus provirus. J Natl Cancer Inst 1984; 73:971-82. [PMID: 6090752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory colonies of feral mice (Mus musculus domesticus) have been established with specific mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) genotype, including colonies lacking any proviral DNA (ev-) or carrying only a single copy of MuMTV DNA (ev+). No evidence of a decline in reproductive capacity has been observed in the first 8 generations. Both the ev- and ev+ mice showed normal mammary gland development and the development of hyperplastic lesions in the older females. The mice were very resistant to spontaneous or chemically induced mammary tumors. However, the occurrence of 1 mammary tumor in an ev- mouse indicates that mammary neoplasias can occur in the absence of MuMTV DNA. The few tumors that do occur in the ev- mice provide a unique opportunity to study the neoplastic process in the absence of proviral DNA.
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Cardiff RD, Morris DW, Young LJ. Alterations of acquired mouse mammary tumor virus DNA during mammary tumorigenesis in BALB/cfC3H mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983; 71:1011-9. [PMID: 6316008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The patterns of the milk-transmitted (exogenous) mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) DNA restriction endonuclease fragments in the nodule and tumor stages of BALB/cfC3H mouse mammary neoplasia were compared with the use of the Southern blot analysis. Acquired MuMTV restriction fragments were detected in DNA from hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN), from primary hyperplastic outgrowths (HPO), from families of transplanted HPO, from tumors from HPO, and from serially transplanted tumors. The restriction fragment patterns suggested that the HAN were composed of clonal dominant populations. Transplantation of subdivisions of individual HAN resulted in HPO with DNA restriction patterns suggesting that HAN also contained two or more subpopulations. In all cases, HAN subpopulations shared MuMTV restriction fragments suggesting a common origin. Forty-seven tumors arising from HPO shared MuMTV restriction fragments with the HPO. Most but not all tumors had additional acquired MuMTV restriction fragments not detected in the progenitor HPO, indicating that they were composed of a distinct subpopulation that originated from the HPO. The restriction fragment pattern in some tumor lines was remarkably stable through many transplant generations. Some tumors had no major additional restriction fragments, suggesting that major rearrangements of MuMTV DNA are not required for tumorigenesis.
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Cardiff RD, Fanning TG, Morris DW, Ashley RL, Faulkin LJ. Restriction endonuclease studies of hyperplastic outgrowth lines from BALB/cfC3H mouse hyperplastic mammary nodules. Cancer Res 1981; 41:3024-9. [PMID: 6265073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The DNA's isolated from five mouse hyperplastic mammary gland outgrowth lines from BALB/cfC3H mice were digested with the restriction endonucleases PsTI, BamHI, or EcoRI; electrophoresed; and analyzed by Southern blotting and autoradiography. Proviral DNA sequences from the acquired C3H mouse mammary tumor virus were detected in the DNA of all five lines, indicating that they were infected. The DNA of the five hyperplastic lines contained more EcoRI and BamHI mouse mammary tumor virus proviral DNA fragments than did DNA from normal organs, suggesting that the hyperplastic tissues were composed of more homogeneous cell populations than was lactating mammary gland. Each hyperplastic line had unique and reproducible BamHI and EcoRI restriction (integration) patterns which were stable over as many as seven transplant generations. Three sublines, which originated from the same hyperplastic alveolar nodule, had unique integration patterns but also shared several fragments. On the basis of these observations, we propose that mouse mammary "hyperplasias" are clonal dominant premalignant neoplasms.
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Moore BJ, Morris DW, Burton B, Kilcrease DT. Measuring effectiveness of service aides in infant immunization surveillance program in North Central Texas. Am J Public Health 1981; 71:634-6. [PMID: 7235103 PMCID: PMC1619836 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.71.6.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Immunization Division of Texas Public Health Region 5 sought to measure the per cent of referrals taking immunization action as a result of service aide contact. From data collected on newborn-nonresponders during a 12-month period, results show that aides may be credited with influencing 44 percent of the referrals reporting subsequent immunization.
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Abstract
We have constructed several cloning vectors which can be used in vitro packaging and yeast transformation. These plasmids have been designed for the convenient cloning of large segments of DNA and their transfer to yeast. They contain bacterial plasmid DNA sequences for replication and selection in Escherichia coli, yeast 2-microns plasmid DNA sequences or chromosomal replicators and yeast markers necessary for replication and selection in yeast, and the cohesive ends of bacteriophage lambda which allow packaging of recombinant molecules into lambda phage heads. Large fragments (22-38 kb) of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Zea mays DNA were ligated into plasmid vector pBTI-1 to make complete genome libraries. One clone from the K. pneumoniae library was amplified in E. coli and the purified DNA used to transform yeast cells. Transformation of yeast by large DNA fragments occurred at high frequencies. The recombinant plasmid was stably maintained in yeast, provided selective pressure for Leu+ transformants was maintained. The structurally complete recombinant plasmid can be recovered from yeast by transforming E. coli to ampicillin resistance. Fewer than 5% of the recovered plasmids had undergone recombination with endogenous yeast 2-microns plasmid.
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Morris DW, Virrankoski-Castrodeza V, Ainley K, Parish JH. Bacteriophage K7, a double stranded DNA phage that infects strains of Escherichia coli harbouring drug resistance factors of incompatability group W. Arch Microbiol 1980; 126:271-5. [PMID: 6996631 DOI: 10.1007/bf00409931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage K7 is specific for Escherichia coli strains harbouring R factors of incompatability group W, including hybrid coliphage P1-Myxococcus virescens plasmids. The phage has an unusual morphology with an isometric head and long tail of variable length. The tail lengths appear to fall into classes corresoonsing to simple multimers of a unit length. Partially purified lysates of the phage include material that may represent phage particles in the process of biogenesis and other material demonstrating attachment of phage to cell envelope. Newly released phage DNA contains single standed ends. In the course of work. E. coli strains that harbour R factor Sa were found to be apparently restrictive.
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Bayley SA, Morris DW, Broda P. The relationship of degradative and resistance plasmids of Pseudomonas belonging to the same incompatibility group. Nature 1979; 280:338-9. [PMID: 111145 DOI: 10.1038/280338a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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