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Saade EA, Zhang X, Noguez JH, Stempak LM, Tisch D, Schmotzer C, Salata RA. Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare providers prior to the vaccine era in an integrated midwestern healthcare system. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol 2022; 2:e47. [PMID: 36310795 PMCID: PMC9614926 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2022.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We performed severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antinucleocapsid IgG testing on 5,557 healthcare providers and found a seroprevalence of 3.9%. African Americans were more likely to test positive than Whites, and HCWs with household exposure and those working on COVID-19 cohorting units were more likely to test positive than their peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie A. Saade
- Dvision of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jaime H Noguez
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lisa M. Stempak
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel Tisch
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christine Schmotzer
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert A. Salata
- Dvision of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Ome-Kaius M, Kattenberg JH, Zaloumis S, Siba M, Kiniboro B, Jally S, Razook Z, Mantila D, Sui D, Ginny J, Rosanas-Urgell A, Karl S, Obadia T, Barry A, Rogerson SJ, Laman M, Tisch D, Felger I, Kazura JW, Mueller I, Robinson LJ. Differential impact of malaria control interventions on P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in young Papua New Guinean children. BMC Med 2019; 17:220. [PMID: 31813381 PMCID: PMC6900859 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As malaria transmission declines, understanding the differential impact of intensified control on Plasmodium falciparum relative to Plasmodium vivax and identifying key drivers of ongoing transmission is essential to guide future interventions. METHODS Three longitudinal child cohorts were conducted in Papua New Guinea before (2006/2007), during (2008) and after scale-up of control interventions (2013). In each cohort, children aged 1-5 years were actively monitored for infection and illness. Incidence of malaria episodes, molecular force of blood-stage infections (molFOB) and population-averaged prevalence of infections were compared across the cohorts to investigate the impact of intensified control in young children and the key risk factors for malaria infection and illness in 2013. RESULTS Between 2006 and 2008, P. falciparum infection prevalence, molFOB, and clinical malaria episodes reduced by 47%, 59% and 69%, respectively, and a further 49%, 29% and 75% from 2008 to 2013 (prevalence 41.6% to 22.1% to 11.2%; molFOB: 3.4 to 1.4 to 1.0 clones/child/year; clinical episodes incidence rate (IR) 2.6 to 0.8 to IR 0.2 episodes/child/year). P. vivax clinical episodes declined at rates comparable to P. falciparum between 2006, 2008 and 2013 (IR 2.5 to 1.1 to 0.2), while P. vivax molFOB (2006, 9.8; 2008, 12.1) and prevalence (2006, 59.6%; 2008, 65.0%) remained high in 2008. However, in 2013, P. vivax molFOB (1.2) and prevalence (19.7%) had also substantially declined. In 2013, 89% of P. falciparum and 93% of P. vivax infections were asymptomatic, 62% and 47%, respectively, were sub-microscopic. Area of residence was the major determinant of malaria infection and illness. CONCLUSION Intensified vector control and routine case management had a differential impact on rates of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections but not clinical malaria episodes in young children. This suggests comparable reductions in new mosquito-derived infections but a delayed impact on P. vivax relapsing infections due to a previously acquired reservoir of hypnozoites. This demonstrates the need to strengthen implementation of P. vivax radical cure to maximise impact of control in co-endemic areas. The high heterogeneity of malaria in 2013 highlights the importance of surveillance and targeted interventions to accelerate towards elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ome-Kaius
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Johanna Helena Kattenberg
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sophie Zaloumis
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Siba
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Benson Kiniboro
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Shadrach Jally
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Zahra Razook
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daisy Mantila
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Desmond Sui
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Jason Ginny
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Stephan Karl
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alyssa Barry
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Moses Laman
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Ingrid Felger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ivo Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Leanne J Robinson
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea. .,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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3
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Berg Soto A, Xu Z, Wood P, Sanuku N, Robinson LJ, King CL, Tisch D, Susapu M, Graves PM. Combining different diagnostic studies of lymphatic filariasis for risk mapping in Papua New Guinea: a predictive model from microfilaraemia and antigenaemia prevalence surveys. Trop Med Health 2018; 46:41. [PMID: 30533996 PMCID: PMC6280391 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-018-0123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis has encouraged countries to follow a set of guidelines to help them assess the need for mass drug administration and evaluate its progress. Papua New Guinea (PNG) is one of the highest priority countries in the Western Pacific for lymphatic filariasis and the site of extensive research on lymphatic filariasis and surveys of its prevalence. However, different diagnostic tests have been used and thresholds for each test are unclear. Methods We reviewed the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis reported in 295 surveys conducted in PNG between 1990 and 2014, of which 65 used more than one test. Results from different diagnostics were standardised using a set of criteria that included a model to predict antigen prevalence from microfilariae prevalence. We mapped the point location of each of these surveys and categorised their standardised prevalence estimates. Results Several predictive models were produced and investigated, including the effect of any mass drug administration and number of rounds prior to the surveys. One model was chosen based on goodness of fit parameters and used to predict antigen prevalence for surveys that tested only for microfilariae. Standardised prevalence values show that 72% of all surveys reported a prevalence above 0.05. High prevalence was situated on the coastal north, south and island regions, while the central highland area of Papua New Guinea shows low levels of prevalence. Conclusions Our study is the first to provide an explicit predictive relationship between the prevalence values based on empirical results from antigen and microfilaria tests, taking into account the occurrence of mass drug administration. This is a crucial step to combine studies to develop risk maps of lymphatic filariasis for programme planning and evaluation, as shown in the case of Papua New Guinea. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41182-018-0123-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Berg Soto
- 1Information Resources, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Zhijing Xu
- 2Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Peter Wood
- 3College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia
| | - Nelly Sanuku
- 4Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Leanne J Robinson
- 4Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.,5Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Christopher L King
- 6School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Administration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Daniel Tisch
- 7Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Melinda Susapu
- Malaria and Vector Borne Diseases, Public Health, Department of Health, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Patricia M Graves
- 3College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia
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Mugwanya KK, Baeten JM, Nakku-Joloba E, Katabira E, Celum C, Tisch D, Whalen C. Knowledge and attitudes about male circumcision for HIV-1 prevention among heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant partnerships in Kampala, Uganda. AIDS Behav 2010; 14:1190-7. [PMID: 20387112 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-010-9696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Male circumcision for HIV-1 prevention will require high uptake among at-risk populations. 318 HIV-1 serodiscordant couples in Kampala, Uganda [155 (48.7%) with HIV-1 uninfected male partners] were interviewed about male circumcision for HIV-1 prevention. 77.1% of men and 89.6% of women were aware that circumcision reduces men's risk for HIV-1 acquisition. Almost all understood the partial protective efficacy of circumcision for HIV-1 acquisition and lack of reduced HIV-1 transmission from circumcising HIV-1 infected men. Among couples with uncircumcised HIV-1 negative men (n = 92), 53.3% of men and 88.1% of female partners expressed interest in male circumcision. Previous discussion within the couple about circumcision for HIV-1 prevention was significantly associated with interest in the procedure. HIV-1 serodiscordant couples in Uganda demonstrated a high level of understanding of the partial protective effect of male circumcision for HIV-1 prevention, but only half of HIV-1 uninfected uncircumcised men expressed interest in the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K Mugwanya
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
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Gambhir M, Bockarie M, Tisch D, Kazura J, Remais J, Spear R, Michael E. Geographic and ecologic heterogeneity in elimination thresholds for the major vector-borne helminthic disease, lymphatic filariasis. BMC Biol 2010; 8:22. [PMID: 20236528 PMCID: PMC2848205 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-8-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large-scale intervention programmes to control or eliminate several infectious diseases are currently underway worldwide. However, a major unresolved question remains: what are reasonable stopping points for these programmes? Recent theoretical work has highlighted how the ecological complexity and heterogeneity inherent in the transmission dynamics of macroparasites can result in elimination thresholds that vary between local communities. Here, we examine the empirical evidence for this hypothesis and its implications for the global elimination of the major macroparasitic disease, lymphatic filariasis, by applying a novel Bayesian computer simulation procedure to fit a dynamic model of the transmission of this parasitic disease to field data from nine villages with different ecological and geographical characteristics. Baseline lymphatic filariasis microfilarial age-prevalence data from three geographically distinct endemic regions, across which the major vector populations implicated in parasite transmission also differed, were used to fit and calibrate the relevant vector-specific filariasis transmission models. Ensembles of parasite elimination thresholds, generated using the Bayesian fitting procedure, were then examined in order to evaluate site-specific heterogeneity in the values of these thresholds and investigate the ecological factors that may underlie such variability Results We show that parameters of density-dependent functions relating to immunity, parasite establishment, as well as parasite aggregation, varied significantly between the nine different settings, contributing to locally varying filarial elimination thresholds. Parasite elimination thresholds predicted for the settings in which the mosquito vector is anopheline were, however, found to be higher than those in which the mosquito is culicine, substantiating our previous theoretical findings. The results also indicate that the probability that the parasite will be eliminated following six rounds of Mass Drug Administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole decreases markedly but non-linearly as the annual biting rate and parasite reproduction number increases. Conclusions This paper shows that specific ecological conditions in a community can lead to significant local differences in population dynamics and, consequently, elimination threshold estimates for lymphatic filariasis. These findings, and the difficulty of measuring the key local parameters (infection aggregation and acquired immunity) governing differences in transmission thresholds between communities, mean that it is necessary for us to rethink the utility of the current anticipatory approaches for achieving the elimination of filariasis both locally and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Gambhir
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, UK.
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Moormann AM, John CC, Sumba PO, Tisch D, Embury P, Kazura JW. Stability of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 responses to Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-1 and thrombospondin-related adhesive protein in residents of a malaria holoendemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 74:585-90. [PMID: 16606988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability of anti-malarial immunity will influence the interpretation of immunologic endpoints during malaria vaccine trials conducted in endemic areas. Therefore, we evaluated cytokine responses to Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1) and thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) by Kenyans from a holoendemic area at a 9-month interval. The proportion of adults with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses to 9-mer LSA-1 peptides was similar at both time-points, whereas responses from children decreased (P < 0.05). Response to the longer, 23-mer LSA-1 peptide was variable, decreasing in adults and children over time (P < 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively). The proportion of children with IFN-gamma responses to either antigen at the second time-point was significantly lower than that of adults, yet more adults responded to 9-mer TRAP peptides (P < 0.02). In contrast, the proportion of interleukin-10 responses to LSA-1 and TRAP was similar at both time-points for both age groups. Most noteworthy was that even when the repeat cross-sectional frequency of cytokine responses was the same, these responses were not generated by the same individuals. This suggests that cytokine responses to LSA-1 and TRAP are transient under natural exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Moormann
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7286, USA.
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Malhotra I, Mungai PL, Wamachi AN, Tisch D, Kioko JM, Ouma JH, Muchiri E, Kazura JW, King CL. Prenatal T cell immunity to Wuchereria bancrofti and its effect on filarial immunity and infection susceptibility during childhood. J Infect Dis 2006; 193:1005-13. [PMID: 16518763 DOI: 10.1086/500472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal immune experience with Wuchereria bancrofti due to maternal filariasis may influence susceptibility to infection. We tested the hypothesis that filarial-specific T cell responses at birth that are indicative of in utero tolerance or sensitization affect the evolution of filarial-specific immunity and susceptibility to W. bancrofti infection during childhood. METHODS A birth-cohort study of 159 Kenyan newborns was performed. Cord blood and peripheral blood were obtained annually to age 7 years and were assayed for filarial infection and filarial antigen-driven interferon (IFN)- gamma , interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, and IL-13 production by lymphocytes. RESULTS There was a 12.9-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-107.2-fold) and a 4.8-fold (95% CI, 1.7-12.9-fold) increased risk of infection for immune-tolerant newborns (maternal infection present during gestation, with no filarial antigen-driven cord blood T cell response [n = 25]), compared with immune-sensitized (maternal infection present with cord blood T cell response [n = 24]) and unexposed (maternal infection absent [n = 110]) newborns. Cytokine responses developed at a later age in tolerant newborns, were characterized by impaired IFN-gamma responses, and contrasted with those of filarial-sensitized newborns, who had sustained and elevated IL-5 and IL-13 responses to age 7 years. CONCLUSION Prenatal immune experience, as determined by whether in utero priming to filarial antigen occurs, is a major determinant of childhood susceptibility to W. bancrofti infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Malhotra
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7286, USA
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Tisch D, Halpern M, Marciano D, Kloog Y, Aviram I. Activation of signaling pathways in HL60 cells and human neutrophils by farnesylthiosalicylate. Eur J Biochem 1996; 242:529-36. [PMID: 9022678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0529r.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the farnesylcysteine mimetic, farnesylthiosalicylate on the activation of myeloid cells were studied. In dimethyl-sulfoxide-differentiated HL60 cells and in human neutrophils farnesylthiosalicylate (< or = 20 microM) dose-dependently elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, suggesting phospholipase-C-mediated release of the ion from intracellular stores. In human neutrophils, in addition to the production of inositol trisphosphate, farnesylthiosalicylate induced activation of the NADPH oxidase and translocation of the cytosolic oxidase components p47-phox and p67-phox to the membrane. The calcium signal, inositol-trisphosphate production and superoxide generation elicited by farnesylthiosalicylate were partially blocked by treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin, consistent with participation of pertussis-toxin-sensitive and pertussis-toxin-resistant elements. In HL60 cells, farnesylthiosalicylate (< or = 20 microM) did not activate NADPH oxidase but dose-dependently augmented PMA-elicited activity of the enzyme. This effect was resistant to pertussis-toxin treatment. In vitro augmentation of PKC-mediated phosphorylation of histone and cytosolic p47-phox by farnesylthiosalicylate and the finding that downregulation of PKC abrogated potentiation of NADPH oxidase activity by farnesylthiosalicylate were compatible with the involvement of PKC in the response of HL60 cells to farnesylthiosalicylate. It is suggested that the effects of farnesylthiosalicylate on myeloid cells reflect interaction of the analog with prenylcysteine-docking sites on cellular signaling elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tisch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Abstract
Detergent-mediated activation of the phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the participation of at least four proteins: the membrane-bound heterodimeric cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox and a Rac1/Rac2 protein. Peptides corresponding to sequences of different subunits of NADPH oxidase have been used as probes of the mechanism and sequence of assembly of the active complex. In the present study effects of mastoparans on activation of NADPH oxidase were investigated. Mastoparans are wasp venom cationic amphiphilic tetradecapeptides capable of modulation of various cellular activities. Natural mastoparans, as well as several synthetic mastoparan analogues, unrelated to oxidase components, blocked activation of the oxidase in the cell-free system (EC50 = 1.5 microM) and in guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S])/ATP-stimulated neutrophils permeabilized with streptolysin O. In the cell-free system the effect was not relieved by raising the detergent concentration and could not be ascribed to changes in critical micellar concentration values of the activating SDS or arachidonate. Chromatography of neutrophil cytosol on an immobilized mastoparan column suggested interaction of cytosolic p47-phox and p67-phox with the peptide. In spite of this interaction mastoparan did not interfere with translocation of p47-phox and p67-phox to the cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tisch
- Department of Biochemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Tisch D. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)--the key to life. Can Forces Dent Serv Bull 1982:10-1. [PMID: 6951627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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