1
|
Doller D, Bespalov A, Miller R, Pietraszek M, Kalinichev M. A case study of foliglurax, the first clinical mGluR4 PAM for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease: translational gaps or a failing industry innovation model? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1323-1338. [PMID: 33074728 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1839047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 40% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients that take mostly dopamine receptor agonists for motor fluctuations, experience the return of symptoms between regular doses. This is a phenomenon known as 'OFF periods.' Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) are a promising non-dopaminergic mechanism with potential to address the unmet need of patients suffering from OFF periods. Foliglurax is the first mGluR4 PAM that has advanced into clinical testing in PD patients. AREAS COVERED We summarize the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and preclinical pharmacology of foliglurax. Translational PET imaging studies, clinical efficacy data, and a competitive landscape analysis of available therapies are presented to the readers. In this Perspective article, foliglurax is used as a case study to illustrate the inherent R&D challenges that companies face when developing drugs. These challenges include the delivery of drugs acting through novel mechanisms, long-term scientific investment, and commercial success and shorter-term positive financial returns. EXPERT OPINION Failure to meet the primary and secondary endpoints in a Phase 2 study led Lundbeck to discontinue the development of foliglurax. Understanding the evidence supporting compound progression into Phase 2 will enable the proper assessment of the therapeutic potential of mGluR4 PAMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Bespalov
- Partnership for Assessment and Accreditation of Scientific Practice , Heidelberg, Germany.,Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov Medical University , St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rob Miller
- Ventral Stream Consulting LLC ., IL, USA
| | - Malgorzata Pietraszek
- Partnership for Assessment and Accreditation of Scientific Practice , Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coughlin Q, Hopper AT, Blanco MJ, Tirunagaru V, Robichaud AJ, Doller D. Allosteric Modalities for Membrane-Bound Receptors: Insights from Drug Hunting for Brain Diseases. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5979-6002. [PMID: 30721063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal chemists are accountable for embedding the appropriate drug target profile into the molecular architecture of a clinical candidate. An accurate characterization of the functional effects following binding of a drug to its biological target is a fundamental step in the discovery of new medicines, informing the translation of preclinical efficacy and safety observations into human trials. Membrane-bound proteins, particularly ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are biological targets prone to allosteric modulation. Investigations using allosteric drug candidates and chemical tools suggest that their functional effects may be tailored with a high degree of translational alignment, making them molecular tools to correct pathophysiological functional tone and enable personalized medicine when a causative target-to-disease link is known. We present select examples of functional molecular fine-tuning of allosterism and discuss consequences relevant to drug design.
Collapse
|
3
|
Doller D. The "Century of Biology" and the Evolving Role of Medicinal Chemists in Neuroscience. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:8-11. [PMID: 28095674 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Society expects that the wave of contemporary new discoveries in biological sciences will soon lead to novel treatments for human diseases, including many devastating brain disorders. Historically, medicinal chemists have contributed to drug discovery teams in ways that synergize with those from their partner sciences, and help transform new knowledge into the ultimate tangible asset: a new drug. The optimal balance of resources and the right strategy to minimize the risk of late clinical failure may differ for different therapeutic indications. Recent progress in the oncology and neuroscience therapeutic areas is compared and contrasted, in particular looking at the biological target space and functional attributes of recently FDA-approved drugs and those in the late clinical pipeline. Medicinal chemists are poised to have major influence in neuroscience drug research, and examples of areas of potential impact are presented, together with a discussion of the soft skills they bring to their project teams and why they have been so impactful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Doller
- Alcyoneus/ScienceWorks, Sparta, New Jersey 07871, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu JF, Harbeson SL, Brummel CL, Tung R, Silverman R, Doller D. A Decade of Deuteration in Medicinal Chemistry. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
5
|
Li G, Jorgensen M, M. Campbell B, Doller D. Recent Developments in Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Allosteric Modulators for the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders (2014-May 2015). Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 16:3470-3526. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026616666160405113536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Wierońska JM, Zorn SH, Doller D, Pilc A. Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for new antipsychotic drugs: Historical perspective and critical comparative assessment. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 157:10-27. [PMID: 26549541 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we aim to present, discuss and clarify our current understanding regarding the prediction of possible antipsychotic effects of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor ligands. The number of preclinical trials clearly indicates, that this group of compounds constitutes an excellent alternative to presently used antipsychotic therapy, being effective not only to positive, but also negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Although the results of clinical trials that were performed for the group of mGlu2/3 agonists were not so enthusiastic as in animal studies, they still showed that mGlu ligands do not induced variety of side effects typical for presently used antipsychotics, and were generally well tolerated. The lack of satisfactory effectiveness towards schizophrenia symptoms of mGlu2/3 activators in humans could be a result of variety of uncontrolled factors and unidentified biomarkers different for each schizophrenia patient, that should be taken into consideration in the future set of clinical trials. The subject is still open for further research, and the novel classes of mGlu5 or mGlu2/3 agonists/PAMs were recently introduced, including the large group of compounds from the third group of mGlu receptors, especially of mGlu4 subtype. Finally, more precise treatment based on simultaneous administration of minimal doses of the ligands for two or more receptors, seems to be promising in the context of symptoms-specific schizophrenia treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wierońska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Doller D. Chemical Biology at Lundbeck: Enhancing CNS drug discovery research. Pharmacol Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Huang X, Dale E, Brodbeck R, Doller D. Chemical Biology of mGlu4 Receptor Activation: Dogmas, Challenges, Strategies and Opportunities. Curr Top Med Chem 2014; 14:1755-70. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026614666140902143830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
9
|
Gubellini P, Melon C, Dale E, Doller D, Kerkerian-Le Goff L. Distinct effects of mGlu4 receptor positive allosteric modulators at corticostriatal vs. striatopallidal synapses may differentially contribute to their antiparkinsonian action. Neuropharmacology 2014; 85:166-77. [PMID: 24866785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate 4 (mGlu4) receptor is a promising target for the treatment of motor deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD). This is due in part to its localization at key basal ganglia (BG) synapses that become hyperactive in this pathology, particularly striatopallidal synapses. In this context, mGlu4 receptor activation using either orthosteric agonists or positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) improves motor symptoms in rodent PD models in certain conditions. However, literature data show that mGlu4 receptor PAMs have no effect at striatopallidal GABAergic synapses (unless combined with an orthosteric agonist) and on the firing activity of pallidal neurons, and fail to provide significant motor improvement in relevant PD models. This questions the mechanistic hypothesis that mGlu4 receptor PAMs should act at striatopallidal synapses to alleviate PD motor symptoms. To shed light on this issue, we performed brain slice electrophysiology experiments. We show that Lu AF21934, an mGlu4 PAM small-molecule probe-compound, was ineffective at striatopallidal synapses at all concentrations tested, while it significantly inhibited corticostriatal synaptic transmission. Similarly, Lu AF21934 did not affect electrophysiology readouts at striatopallidal synapses in the presence of haloperidol or in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Interestingly, co-application of Lu AF21934 with a glutamate transporter inhibitor revealed a significant inhibitory action at striatopallidal synapses. Possibly, this effect could rely on increased level/permanence of glutamate in the synaptic cleft. Such differential efficacy of mGlu4 receptor PAMs at corticostriatal vs. striatopallidal synapses raises several issues regarding the synaptic target(s) of these drugs in the BG, and challenges the mechanisms by which they alleviate motor deficits in experimental PD models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gubellini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR7288, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Christophe Melon
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR7288, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Elena Dale
- Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Dario Doller
- Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ossowska K, Wardas J, Berghauzen-Maciejewska K, Głowacka U, Kuter K, Pilc A, Zorn SH, Doller D. Lu AF21934, a positive allosteric modulator of mGlu4 receptors, reduces the harmaline-induced hyperactivity but not tremor in rats. Neuropharmacology 2014; 83:28-35. [PMID: 24726309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Harmaline induces tremor in animals resembling essential tremor which has been suggested to result from activation of the glutamatergic olivo-cerebellar projection. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of systemic administration of Lu AF21934, a brain-penetrating positive allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4), on the harmaline-induced tremor and other forms of motor activity in rats using fully automated Force Plate Actimeters. The influence of harmaline on the mGlu4 mRNA expression in the cerebellum and inferior olive was analysed by in situ hybridization. Harmaline at a dose of 15 mg/kg (ip) triggered tremor which was manifested by an increase in the power within 9-15 Hz band and in the tremor index (a difference in power between bands 9-15 Hz and 0-8 Hz). Harmaline induced a biphasic effect on mobility, initially inhibiting the exploratory locomotor activity of rats (0-30 min after administration), followed by an increase in their basic activity. Lu AF21934 (0.5-5 mg/kg sc) did not influence tremor but at doses of 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg reversed harmaline-induced hyperactivity. MGlu4 mRNA expression was high in the cerebellar cortex and low in the inferior olive. Repeated harmaline (15 mg/kg ip once a day for 5 days] decreased mGlu4 mRNA in the cerebellum and inferior olive. The present study indicates that the mGlu4 stimulation counteracts hyperactivity induced by harmaline which suggests the involvement of cerebellar glutamatergic transmission in this process. In contrast, neuronal mechanisms involved in tremor seem to be insensitive to the stimulation of mGlu4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Ossowska
- Department of Neuro-Psychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Wardas
- Department of Neuro-Psychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klemencja Berghauzen-Maciejewska
- Department of Neuro-Psychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Głowacka
- Department of Neuro-Psychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuter
- Department of Neuro-Psychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12, Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Stevin H Zorn
- Discovery Chemistry & DMPK, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Dario Doller
- Discovery Chemistry & DMPK, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Burns JF, Chen B, Chen CA, Doller D, Edelmenky E, Jiang Y, Peterson JM, Sabio M, Weiss J, White AD, Wu L, Bhardwaj R, Chandrasena G, Boyle NJ, Huang X. cis-1-Oxo-heterocyclyl-4-amido cyclohexane derivatives as NPY5 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1458-61. [PMID: 24582476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The NPY5 receptor binding and pharmacokinetic properties of a novel series of cis-1-oxo-heterocyclyl-4-amido-cyclohexane derivatives are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Ford Burns
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Chien-An Chen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Dario Doller
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Eman Edelmenky
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - John M Peterson
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
| | - Michael Sabio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Jessie Weiss
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Andrew D White
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Rajinder Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Gamini Chandrasena
- Department of Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Noel J Boyle
- Department of Biological Research, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Department of Biological Research, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cajina M, Nattini M, Song D, Smagin G, Jørgensen EB, Chandrasena G, Bundgaard C, Toft DB, Huang X, Acher F, Doller D. Qualification of LSP1-2111 as a Brain Penetrant Group III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Orthosteric Agonist. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:119-23. [PMID: 24900783 DOI: 10.1021/ml400338f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LSP1-2111 is a group III metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist with preference toward the mGlu4 receptor subtype. This compound has been extensively used as a tool to explore the pharmacology of mGlu4 receptor activation in preclinical animal behavioral models. However, the blood-brain barrier penetration of this amino acid derivative has never been studied. We report studies on the central nervous system (CNS) disposition of LSP1-2111 using quantitative microdialysis in rat. Significant unbound concentrations of the drug relative to its in vitro binding affinity and functional potency were established in extracellular fluid (ECF). These findings support the use of LSP1-2111 to study the CNS pharmacology of mGlu4 receptor activation through orthosteric agonist mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cajina
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | - Megan Nattini
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | - Dekun Song
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | - Gennady Smagin
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | | | - Gamini Chandrasena
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | | | | | - Xinyan Huang
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| | - Francine Acher
- Laboratoire
de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601
CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Dario Doller
- Lundbeck Research
USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sławińska A, Wierońska JM, Stachowicz K, Pałucha-Poniewiera A, Uberti MA, Bacolod MA, Doller D, Pilc A. Anxiolytic- but not antidepressant-like activity of Lu AF21934, a novel, selective positive allosteric modulator of the mGlu₄ receptor. Neuropharmacology 2012; 66:225-35. [PMID: 22634361 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that the Group III mGlu receptor-selective orthosteric agonist, LSP1-2111 produced anxiolytic- but not antidepressant-like effects upon peripheral administration. Herein, we report the pharmacological actions of Lu AF21934, a novel, selective, and brain-penetrant positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the mGlu(4) receptor in the stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH), four-plate, marble-burying and Vogel's conflict tests. In all models, except Vogel's conflict test, a dose-dependent anxiolytic-like effect was seen. The anti-hyperthermic effect of Lu AF21934 (5 mg/kg) in the SIH test was inhibited by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil (10 mg/kg) and was not serotonin-dependent, as it persisted in serotonin-deficient mice and upon blockade of either 5-HT(1A) receptors by WAY100635, or 5-HT(2A/2C) receptors by ritanserin. These results suggest that the GABAergic system, but not the serotonergic system, is involved in the mechanism of the anxiolytic-like phenotype of Lu AF21934 in rodents. Lu AF21934 did not produce antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test (TST) in mice; however, it decreased the basal locomotor activity of mice that were not habituated to activity cages. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sławińska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wierońska JM, Pilc A, Doller D, Gruca P, Łasoń-Tyburkiewicz M, Papp M. mGlu4-dependent reversal of the MK-801-induced cognitive impartment involves 5-HT1A receptors. Pharmacol Rep 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Hodgetts KJ, Ge P, Yoon T, De Lombaert S, Brodbeck R, Gulianello M, Kieltyka A, Horvath RF, Kehne JH, Krause JE, Maynard GD, Hoffman D, Lee Y, Fung L, Doller D. Discovery of N-(1-ethylpropyl)-[3-methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-pyrazin-2-yl]amine 59 (NGD 98-2): an orally active corticotropin releasing factor-1 (CRF-1) receptor antagonist. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4187-206. [PMID: 21618986 DOI: 10.1021/jm200365y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of a novel series of pyrazines, acting as corticotropin releasing factor-1 (CRF-1) receptor antagonists, are described. Synthetic methodologies were developed to prepare a number of substituted pyrazine cores utilizing regioselective halogenation and chemoselective derivatization. Noteworthy, an efficient 5-step synthesis was developed for the lead compound 59 (NGD 98-2), which required no chromatography. Compound 59 was characterized as an orally bioavailable, brain penetrant, and highly selective CRF-1 receptor antagonist. Occupancy of rat brain CRF-1 receptors was quantified using ex vivo receptor occupancy assays, using both brain tissue homogenates as well as brain slices receptor autoradiography. Behaviorally, oral administration of 59 significantly antagonized CRF-induced locomotor activity at doses as low as 10 mg/kg and dose-dependently reduced the restraint stress-induced ACTH increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Hodgetts
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut 06405, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Doller D, Li G, Brodbeck RM, Thomsen C. Novel heterocyclic compounds as mGlu5 antagonists: WO2009015897. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:435-9. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770903547848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
17
|
Clasby MC, Chackalamannil S, Czarniecki M, Doller D, Eagen K, Greenlee W, Kao G, Lin Y, Tsai H, Xia Y, Ahn HS, Agans-Fantuzzi J, Boykow G, Chintala M, Foster C, Smith-Torhan A, Alton K, Bryant M, Hsieh Y, Lau J, Palamanda J. Metabolism-Based Identification of a Potent Thrombin Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2006; 50:129-38. [PMID: 17201416 DOI: 10.1021/jm061043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of our prototypical thrombin receptor antagonist 1, Ki = 2.7 nM, was studied and three major metabolites (2, 4, and 5) were found. The structures of the metabolites were verified independently by synthesis. Compound 4 was shown to be a potent antagonist of the thrombin receptor with a Ki = 11 nM. Additionally, compound 4 showed a 3-fold improvement in potency with respect to 1 in an agonist-induced ex-vivo platelet aggregation assay in cynomolgus monkeys after oral administration; this activity was sustained with 60% inhibition observed at 24 h post-dose. Compound 4 was highly active in functional assays and showed excellent oral bioavailability in rats and monkeys. Compound 4 showed a superior rat enzyme induction profile relative to compound 1, allowing it to replace compound 1 as a development candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Clasby
- Central Nervous System and Cardiovascular Chemical Research, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Meegalla SK, Doller D, Liu R, Sha D, Lee Y, Soll RM, Wisnewski N, Silver GM, Dhanoa D. Synthesis and insecticidal activity of fluorinated 2-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopentapyrazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1702-6. [PMID: 16386419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A number of fluorinated 1-aryl-tetrahydrocyclopentapyrazoles were synthesized and their insecticidal activity was evaluated. Some of the fluorinated compounds had significant insecticidal properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanath K Meegalla
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 104, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Clasby MC, Chackalamannil S, Czarniecki M, Doller D, Eagen K, Greenlee WJ, Lin Y, Tsai H, Xia Y, Ahn HS, Agans-Fantuzzi J, Boykow G, Chintala M, Foster C, Bryant M, Lau J. Discovery and synthesis of a novel series of quinoline-based thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:1544-8. [PMID: 16380251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and SAR studies of a structurally novel series of highly potent thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists are described. Compound 30 is a highly potent thrombin receptor antagonist (IC(50)=6.3 nM), a related compound 36 showing efficacy in a monkey ex vivo study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Clasby
- Central Nervous System and Cardiovascular Chemical Research, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Meegalla SK, Doller D, Sha D, Soll R, Wisnewski N, Silver GM, Dhanoa D. Synthesis and GABA receptor potency of 3-thiomethyl-4-(hetero)aryl-5-amino-1-phenylpyrazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4949-53. [PMID: 15341958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Revised: 07/09/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A convenient synthetic route to novel 4-arylpyrazoles is described. The potential for insecticidal activity through GABA channel blockage by this series of compounds, as well as their selectivity for insect versus mammalian receptors, are explored through in vitro and in vivo assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanath K Meegalla
- 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, Inc., A wholly owned Johnson & Johnson company, 665 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 1934, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Meegalla SK, Doller D, Silver GM, Wisnewski N, Soll RM, Dhanoa D. 5-Amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3-[3H3]-methylsulfanyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (CTOM): Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel and Selective Insect GABA Receptor Radioligand. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:4035-7. [PMID: 14592502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazole 2a is a novel, potent ligand for insect GABA receptors obtained from housefly head membrane preparations (K(i)=8 nM). It is 500-fold selective against the mammalian receptor (mouse brain preparations). Its specifically tritiated version (2b) was synthesized by reduction of disulfide 10 with NaBH(4) followed by alkylation with [3H(3)]-CH(3)I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanath K Meegalla
- 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 104, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Meegalla SK, Doller D, Liu R, Sha D, Soll RM, Dhanoa DS. Efficient syntheses of 2-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)tetrahydrocyclopenta, tetrahydrothiopyrano, hexahydrocycloheptapyrazoles and tetrahydroindazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
Barton DHR, Beviere SD, Chavasiri W, Csuhai E, Doller D, Liu WG. The functionalization of saturated hydrocarbons. Part 20. Alkyl hydroperoxides: reaction intermediates in the oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons by Gif-type reactions and mechanistic studies on their formation. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00032a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Abstract
Several benzimidazole derivatives have been identified as potent thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists as represented by compound 1h, which showed an IC(50) of 33 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chackalamannil
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bruttomesso AC, Doller D, Gros EG. Mechanistic studies of the rearrangements of steroidal 16,17-ketols and syntheses of 20-->16-cis-gamma-carbolactones. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:943-7. [PMID: 10400347 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of 17-keto-androstanes as starting materials for the synthesis of alpha- or beta-oriented steroidal 20-->16-gamma-carbolactones has been explored following two different strategies. A highly efficient, stereospecific protocol has been developed for the beta-oriented cis-gamma-lactone. A different approach, involving prior attachment of a 3-carbon side chain on C-17 of a 17-oxo-16beta-acetoxyandrostane led to the epimeric, alpha-oriented lactone. The mechanism of the rearrangement of epimeric 16beta- or 16alpha-hydroxy-17-keto-androstanes to 17beta-hydroxy-16-keto-androstanes was studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The former occurs through a 1,2-sigmatropic H-shift, while the latter is likely to take place by simple enolization-reprotonation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Bruttomesso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Doller D, Chackalamannil S, Czarniecki M, McQuade R, Ruperto V. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of himbacine derived muscarinic receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:901-6. [PMID: 10206558 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A parallel synthesis of racemic himbacine analogs was carried out by N-alkylation of various commercially available cyclic amine derivatives with the alkylating agent 4 which bears the tricyclic unit of himbacine. Several of these analogs have potency comparable to that of himbacine, albeit lacking the desired selectivity. Structure-activity relationship studies support the existence of a hydrophobic pocket in the receptor where the piperidine ring of dihydrohimbacine binds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Doller
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
In harmony with our studies on the activation of hydrocarbons by Gif chemistry, we have, in the first part of this paper, studied the mechanism of the lipoxygenase enzymes using soybean lipoxygenase as a model. We have shown with trimethyl phosphite that no free radical is released by the enzyme. In a second part, we have studied the mechanism of the alpha-ketoglutarate dependent enzymes and shown evidence for a mechanism involving the reduction of an intermediate hydroperoxide by the alpha-ketoglutaric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D H Barton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843-3255
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for 31 3 beta-hydroxy and acetoxy androstane derivatives bearing vicinal oxygenated functions at ring D with and without oxygenated functions at C-6 are reported. Relative substituent effects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Doller
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Barton DH, Csuhai E, Doller D, Ozbalik N, Balavoine G. Mechanism of the selective functionalization of saturated hydrocarbons by Gif systems: relationship with methane monooxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:3401-4. [PMID: 2333289 PMCID: PMC53908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.9.3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two intermediates, A and B, have been identified in the selective oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons to ketones by Gif-type systems. Intermediate A has been characterized as an Fev species with a secondary iron sigma-bond to carbon; it is captured by four different reagents or transformed into the second intermediate, B, which hydrolyzes to form a secondary alcohol. A mu-oxo Fe2III dimer is proposed as a basis for Gif-type reactivity. If the first iron is involved in the synthesis of intermediate A, the second is used to oxidize intermediate B intramolecularly to a ketal, which on hydrolysis yields a ketone. The enzyme methane monooxygenase shows a remarkable similarity to Gif-type systems in its selective hydrocarbon oxidation, particularly in the case of adamantane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D H Barton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|