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Veras PST, de Santana MBR, Brodskyn CI, Fraga DBM, Solcà MS, De Menezes JPB, Leite BMM, Teixeira HMP. Elucidating the role played by bone marrow in visceral leishmaniasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1261074. [PMID: 37860064 PMCID: PMC10582953 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1261074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a widespread group of infectious diseases that significantly impact global health. Despite high prevalence, leishmaniasis often receives inadequate attention in the prioritization of measures targeting tropical diseases. The causative agents of leishmaniasis are protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus, which give rise to a diverse range of clinical manifestations, including cutaneous and visceral forms. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the most severe form, can be life-threatening if left untreated. Parasites can spread systemically within the body, infecting a range of organs, such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes. Natural reservoirs for these protozoa include rodents, dogs, foxes, jackals, and wolves, with dogs serving as the primary urban reservoir for Leishmania infantum. Dogs exhibit clinical and pathological similarities to human VL and are valuable models for studying disease progression. Both human and canine VL provoke clinical symptoms, such as organ enlargement, fever, weight loss and abnormal gamma globulin levels. Hematologic abnormalities have also been observed, including anemia, leukopenia with lymphocytosis, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Studies in dogs have linked these hematologic changes in peripheral blood to alterations in the bone marrow. Mouse models of VL have also contributed significantly to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these hematologic and bone marrow abnormalities. This review consolidates information on hematological and immunological changes in the bone marrow of humans, dogs, and mice infected with Leishmania species causing VL. It includes findings on the role of bone marrow as a source of parasite persistence in internal organs and VL development. Highlighting gaps in current knowledge, the review emphasizes the need for future research to enhance our understanding of VL and identify potential targets for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratory of Parasite - Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases, National Council for Scientific Research and Development (CNPq), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Maria Borges Rabêlo de Santana
- Laboratory of Parasite - Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Claudia Ida Brodskyn
- Laboratory of Parasite - Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratory of Parasite - Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Manuela Silva Solcà
- Laboratory of Parasite - Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Martins Macedo Leite
- Laboratory of Parasite - Host Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Maia C, Fraga DBM, Cristóvão J, Borja LS, da Silva Solcà M, Campino L, Veras PST, Gonçalves L. Leishmania exposure in dogs from two endemic countries from New and Old Worlds (Brazil and Portugal): evaluation of three serological tests using Bayesian Latent Class Models. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:202. [PMID: 35698163 PMCID: PMC9195323 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonotic leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is endemic in several countries of the Mediterranean Basin, Latin America, and Asia. Dogs are the main hosts and reservoirs of human infection. Thus, from a One Health perspective, early diagnosis of Leishmania infection in dogs is essential to control the dissemination of the parasite among other dogs and to humans. The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnosis accuracy of three serological tests to detect antibodies to Leishmania in dogs from two endemic settings using Bayesian latent class models (BLCM). METHODS A total of 378 dogs from two Portuguese and Brazilian endemic areas of leishmaniosis (194 animals from Portugal and 184 from Brazil) were screened. Detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies was performed using two commercial ELISA (L. infantum IgG-ELISA® and EIE-LVC®) and a rapid immunochromatographic test (DPP-LVC®). Bayesian latent class models were used to estimate Leishmania infection prevalence, together with sensitivities and specificities of the three diagnostic tests, in the two dog populations simultaneously. Predictive values were also calculated. Credibility intervals (CI) were obtained, considering different types of prior information. RESULTS A posterior median Leishmania seroprevalence of 13.4% (95% CI 9.0-18.7) and of 21.6% (15.0-28.3) was estimated to the Portuguese and Brazilian dog subpopulations, respectively. The Bayesian analysis indicated that all tests were highly specific (specificity above 90%), and that the DPP-LVC® was more sensitive (96.6%; 83.1-99.9) than both ELISAs in the Portuguese subpopulation, while in the Brazilian subpopulation, EIE-LVC® and L. infantum IgG-ELISA®, had the highest sensitivity (88.2%; 73.7-97.0) and specificity (98.7%; 95.1-99.9), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In general, the levels of diagnosis accuracy of the three serological tests to detect Leishmania antibodies assessed by BLCM indicate their utility in canine epidemiological studies. The same approach should be used to assess the performance of these techniques in the clinical management of infected and sick dogs using representative samples from the wide spectrum of clinical situations, namely from subclinical infection to manifest disease. The low positive predictive value of the serological tests used in the current protocol of the Brazilian Ministry of Health suggests that they should not be used individually and may not be sufficient to target reservoir-based control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Maia
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Medical Parasitology Unit, IHMT-UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José Cristóvão
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Medical Parasitology Unit, IHMT-UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lairton Souza Borja
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Manuela da Silva Solcà
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lenea Campino
- Medical Parasitology Unit, IHMT-UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luzia Gonçalves
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
- International Public Health and Biostatistics Unit, IHMT-UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Mota TF, Brodskyn CI, Morello LG, Marchini FK, Krieger MA, de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo R, Fraga DBM. Multiplex qPCR assay to determine Leishmania infantum load in Lutzomyia longipalpis sandfly samples. Med Vet Entomol 2022; 36:176-184. [PMID: 35089617 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a multiplex qPCR to detect Leishmania infantum load in different sandfly sample settings using Leishmania kDNA and sandfly vacuolar ATPase (VATP) subunit C as internal control gene. The amplification of Lutzomyia longipalpis VATP gene was evaluated together with Leishmania infantum kDNA in a multiplex reaction. The concentration of VATP gene oligonucleotides was adjusted until no statistically significant difference was observed between all multiplex standard curves and singleplex curves, that is, only kDNA amplification. Limit of detection (LoD) was measured using a probit model and a cut-off defined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Limit of quantification (LoQ) was assessed by a linear model using the coefficient of variation threshold of 25%. After assuring VATP gene amplification, its primer-probe concentrations were best at 100 nM/10 nM, respectively. The cut-off Cq value for L. infantum kDNA was defined as 35.46 with 100% of sensitivity and specificity. A total of 95% LoD was determined to be of 0.162 parasites while LoQ was 5.858. Our VATP/kDNA multiplex qPCR assay shows that it can be used to evaluate both DNA integrity and determine L. infantum load in L. longipalpis even for low yielded samples, that is, individual midguts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Feitosa Mota
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia (LaIPHE), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Claudia Ida Brodskyn
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia (LaIPHE), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Morello
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Klerynton Marchini
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio Krieger
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia (LaIPHE), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, Salvador, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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Nery N, Ticona JPA, Cardoso CW, Prates APPB, Vieira HCA, Salvador de Almeida A, Souza MMDS, Borba dos Reis O, Pellizzaro M, Portilho MM, Rosa da Anunciação R, Victoriano R, Oliveira dos Anjos R, Argibay HD, Carmo Lima DO, Mesquita IL, Conceição WM, Santana PM, Oliveira EC, Santana PSN, Brodskyn CI, Mothé Fraga DB, Solcà MDS, Reis MG, Costa F, Ribeiro GS. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and associated factors according to sex: A population-based survey in Salvador, Brazil. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262649. [PMID: 35061811 PMCID: PMC8782400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a major strategy to prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, information about factors associated with men and women intention to be vaccinated are scarce. To determine COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and identify factors associated vaccine hesitancy according to sex, we performed a cross-sectional population-based random survey in Salvador, Brazil between Nov/2020-Jan/2021. Participants were interviewed to obtain data on intention to receive and pay for a COVID-19 vaccine, as well as on demographics, comorbidities, influenza vaccination history, previous diagnosis of COVID-19, and exposures and perception of COVID-19 risk. Among 2,521 participants, 2,053 (81.4%) reported willingness to use a COVID-19 vaccine and 468 (18.6%) hesitated to take it. Among those intending to get vaccinated, 1,400 (68.2%) would pay for the vaccine if necessary. Sex-stratified multivariable analysis found that men who were working and who had comorbidities were less likely to hesitate about using the vaccine. Among women, higher educational level and high perception of COVID-19 risk were associated with less vaccine hesitancy. In both groups, reporting influenza vaccination in 2020 reduced the chance of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. COVID-19 vaccine campaigns targeting to reduce vaccine hesitancy are urgently needed. These campaigns should consider gender differences in order to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivison Nery
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane W. Cardoso
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salvador, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maysa Pellizzaro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Manuela da Silva Solcà
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Federico Costa
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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de Jesus MS, Cruz JVA, Coelho LB, Borja LS, da Silva ED, Solcà MDS, Brodskyn CI, Fraga DBM. Early detection and persistent positivity of anti-Leishmania antibodies using a recombinant protein-based ELISA in naturally infected dogs in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:398. [PMID: 34384487 PMCID: PMC8359089 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infantum, for which dogs constitute the main urban parasite reservoir. Control measures and the treatment of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) are essential to reduce VL cases. Early and accurate detection of L. infantum-infected dogs is crucial to the success of VL control. To improve the serological detection of L. infantum-exposed dogs, we evaluated the early diagnosis capacity of a recombinant protein (rLci5) in an immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect naturally infected dogs. Additionally, we evaluated the persistence of the positive results obtained by rLci5 ELISA in comparison to other conventional diagnostic test methods. Methods Serum samples obtained from 48 L. infantum-infected dogs involved in a cohort study were evaluated using different diagnostic methods (qPCR, EIE-LVC, DPP-LVC and splenic culture). The results were compared to rLci5 ELISA to determine its capacity to diagnose L. infantum infection at earlier infection time points. The persistence of positive diagnostic test results was also compared for each dog evaluated. Results rLci5 ELISA presented higher rates of positive results at early time points compared to the other diagnostic tests employed in the cohort study, as early as 24 months prior to detection by other tests. rLci5 ELISA positivity was 52.1% (25/48) at baseline, while qPCR was 35.4% (17/48), DPP-LVC 27.1% (13/48), EIE-LVC 22.9% (11/48) and culture only 4.2% (2/48). In at least one of the time points of the 24-month cohort study, rLci5 ELISA was positive in 100% (48/48) of the dogs, versus 83% (40/48) for qPCR, 75% (36/48) for DPP-LVC, 65% (31/48) for EIE-LVC and 31% (15/48) for culture. Investigating clinical signs in association with diagnostic test positivity, rLci5 ELISA successfully detected CVL in 62.9% (95/151) of the clinical evaluations with a score of 0–3, 64.3% (45/70) with scores between 4 and 7, and 73.7% (14/19) with scores > 7, providing higher rates of positivity than all other methods evaluated. Moreover, rLci5 ELISA presented the greatest persistence with respect to test positivity: 45.8% of the dogs evaluated. Conclusion Four diagnostic tests were compared to rLci5 ELISA, which presented earlier infection diagnosis and a greater persistence of positive test results. Accordingly, the use of the rLci5 ELISA can improve CVL diagnostic performance by detecting infected dogs sooner than other testing methods, with enhanced persistence of positive results over the course of the infection. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04895-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Silva de Jesus
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Brito Coelho
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lairton Souza Borja
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Manuela da Silva Solcà
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros 500, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Claudia Ida Brodskyn
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia-Investigação em Imunologia/INCT-III, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. .,Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros 500, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais/INCT-DT, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
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Aguiar Martins K, Meirelles MHDA, Mota TF, Abbasi I, de Queiroz ATL, Brodskyn CI, Veras PST, Mothé Fraga DB, Warburg A. Effects of larval rearing substrates on some life-table parameters of Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009034. [PMID: 33476330 PMCID: PMC7870073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sand flies are the insects responsible for transmitting Leishmania parasites, the causative agents of leishmaniasis in humans. However, the effects of sand fly breeding sites on their biology and ecology remain poorly understood. Herein, we studied how larval nutrition associated with putative breeding sites of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis affects their oviposition, development, microbiome, and susceptibility to Leishmania by rearing L. longipalpis on substrates collected from an endemic area for leishmaniasis in Brazil. The results showed that female L. longipalpis select the oviposition site based on its potential to promote larval maturation and while composting cashew leaf litter hindered the development, larvae reared on chicken feces developed rapidly. Typical gut microbial profiles were found in larvae reared upon cashew leaf litter. Adult females from larvae reared on substrate collected in chicken coops were infected with Leishmania infantum, indicating that they were highly susceptible to the parasite. In conclusion, the larval breeding sites can exert an important role in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis. Sand flies are the insect vectors involved in the transmission of many pathogens, however, the transmission of parasites to humans leading to visceral leishmaniasis is currently the most critical threat caused by this insect. Despite the importance of the vector, many aspects of the biology of sand flies are poorly understood, especially their breeding sites. This study was designed to evaluate the oviposition, life span, microbiome, and parasite infections in the main species of sand fly responsible for visceral leishmaniasis in America. Insects were reared on substrates collected from different putative habitats of sand flies in an endemic area for the disease in Brazil. The results showed that female vectors selected an oviposition site depending on the potential offered to their offspring. Furthermore, the development of immature stages varied according to the type of substrate evaluated, with cashew leaves litter delaying larval development, while chicken shelter promoted larval development. The challenge of females emerging from chicken shelter substrate with the parasite indicates that insects reared in such an environment could successfully sustain the infection. These results suggest that the type of breeding site can affect insect biology as well as the epidemiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Helena de Athayde Meirelles
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Ibrahim Abbasi
- Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Claudia Ida Brodskyn
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alon Warburg
- Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Borja LS, Coelho LB, de Jesus MS, de Queiroz ATL, Celedon PAF, Zanchin NIT, Silva ED, Ferreira AGP, Krieger MA, Veras PST, Fraga DBM. Correction: High accuracy of an ELISA test based in a flagella antigen of Leishmania in serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis with potential to improve the control measures in Brazil—A Phase II study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008346. [PMID: 32433699 PMCID: PMC7239384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Mota TF, de Sousa OMF, Silva YDJ, Borja LS, Leite BMM, Solcà MDS, de Melo DA, Brodskyn CI, Dias ES, Veras PST, Fraga DBM. Natural infection by Leishmania infantum in the Lutzomyia longipalpis population of an endemic coastal area to visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil is not associated with bioclimatic factors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007626. [PMID: 31449534 PMCID: PMC6730935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and in Brazil is transmitted mainly by the bite of Lutzomuyia longipalpis sand flies. Data about the presence, distribution, natural infection rate, seasonal and monthly dynamics of the vector population are important for optimizing the measures to control VL in endemic areas. This study aimed to identify sand fly fauna in an endemic area for VL to detect the prevalence of L. infantum infection in the Lu. longipalpis population and to elucidate the influence of bioclimatic factors on the monthly fluctuations of this vector. HP light traps were monthly set in the intradomicile and peridomicile of residences located in the central and beachfront areas of Camaçari, a VL endemic area. The sand fly collection was conducted in two periods: i) period 1-between December 2011 and November 2012 and ii) period 2-August 2014 and July 2015. Sand fly species were identified and detection of L. infantum infection by qPCR was performed in pools of female Lu. longipalpis. For the first time, the parasite load of positive pools was correlated with the number of Lu. longipalpis captured per month in both periods. Correlation analyses between the monthly fluctuation of the sand fly population and bioclimatic indices of the municipality in both collection periods were also performed. In both evaluated periods, more than 98% of the collected sand flies were Lu. longipalpis, confirming the predominance of this species in the region. It was captured mostly in the beachfront area in all months evaluated (99%). For the period 1, Leishmania DNA was detected in 81% of tested pools representing a minimal infection rate of 9.6%. In the period 2, 40% of the pools were positive with a minimal infection rate of 10.2%. Infected sand flies were only detected in the beachfront area in both periods. The parasite load was low and did not vary in the evaluated months despite the number of collected sand flies. No correlation was observed for climatic factors in both areas of Camaçari. These findings emphasize the high risk of Leishmania transmission in Camaçari regardless of the season and that other factors, aside from bioclimatic elements, are influencing the sand fly population monthly fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuela da Silva Solcà
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia—Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais—INCT-DT, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia—Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais—INCT-DT, Salvador, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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9
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Ker HG, Coura-Vital W, Valadares DG, Aguiar-Soares RDO, de Brito RCF, Veras PST, Fraga DBM, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Reis AB. Multiplex flow cytometry serology to diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8179-8190. [PMID: 31388731 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An accurate diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis is an essential tool for control of the disease. While serologic methods are very useful, these conventional methodologies still present limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The use of flow cytometry is a worldwide trend in the development of high-performance diagnostic methods. Herein, we describe a new flow cytometry serology test, characterized by the employment of the Cytometric Bead Array microspheres A4 and E4 coated with the recombinant antigens rLci1A and rLci2B respectively, to improve the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. The tests were conducted in a wide variety of sera groups (n = 140), where the diagnostics development would be optimized accounting not just the ability to identify infected dogs with different clinical status, but also to exclude cross-reaction and differentiate vaccinated dogs from dogs infected. Serological testing of the antigenic system A4-rLci1A showed a sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 75%, while the E4-rLci2B testing demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.0% and specificity of 82.5%. The use of a multiplex assay of A4-rLci1A and E4-rLci2B, resulted in a diagnostic improvement, with a sensitivity of 95.0% and specificity of 91.2%. Our results show that this novel flow cytometry serology test is a viable tool for sensitive and specific serodiagnosis. Notably, the combination of distinct antigenic systems allows us to test for antibodies to multiple recombinant antigens from a single serum sample. This benefit emphasizes the importance of this methodology as an alternative in the serological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Gama Ker
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (NUPEB/UFOP), Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Wendel Coura-Vital
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (NUPEB/UFOP), Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (NUPEB/UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diogo Garcia Valadares
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (NUPEB/UFOP), Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dian Oliveira Aguiar-Soares
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (NUPEB/UFOP), Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (NUPEB/UFOP), Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratório Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (NUPEB/UFOP), Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil. .,Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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10
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Miranda DLP, Ribeiro G, Lanza FC, Santos FLN, Reis RB, Fraga DBM, Silva LK, Silva Neto MMD, Santana IDJ, Reis MGD. Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among blood donors in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20190146. [PMID: 31390443 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0146-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chagas disease (CD) affects 5.7-7.0 million individuals worldwide, and its prevalence reached 25.1% in the state of Bahia, Brazil. There is an association between the prevalence of CD, the socioeconomic status of the population, and the risk of re-emergence due to non-vectorial transmission, such as blood transfusion. This study determined the seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection among blood donors in the state of Bahia, located in northeastern Brazil, and their epidemiological profile during a 10-year period. METHODS We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study involving a database review. Data were collected from patients with non-negative results for T. cruzi infection during a 10-year period. RESULTS A total of 3,084 (0.62%) samples were non-negative for T. cruzi infection in an initial serological screening, and 810 (0.16%) samples were non-negative in the second screening. The correlation between infection and age (30 years or older) and between infection and lower educational level (12 years or less) in the first and second screening was statistically significant. The seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection was higher in men in the first screening. In addition, 99.52% of the municipalities of Bahia had at least one case of CD. Livramento de Nossa Senhora and Salvador presented the highest disease prevalence and recurrence, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in these populations was lower than that found in other studies in Brazil but was comparatively higher in densely-populated areas. The demographic characteristics of our population agreed with previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lopes Paim Miranda
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Gilmar Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Lanza
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Fred Luciano Neves Santos
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Renato Barbosa Reis
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Luciano Kalabric Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | | | - Mitermayer Galvão Dos Reis
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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11
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Bagues NCT, Pinheiro CGMD, Bastos LA, Fraga DBM, Veras PST, Pontes-de-Carvalho LC, Dos-Santos WLC, Oliveira GGDS. Parasitic load and histological aspects in different regions of the spleen of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 56:14-19. [PMID: 29406277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania infantum causes from subclinical infection to severe disease in humans and dogs. The spleen is one of the organs most affected by the infection. Although evidence exists that the parasitic load distribution and histological alterations may not be homogeneous in the affected organs of naturally infected individuals, it has not been formally demonstrated using the current techniques used for studying the disease. In six dogs naturally infected with Leishmania, parasitic load and histological changes were compared in samples collected from the lower, middle and upper third of the spleen. Parasitic load in the spleen of the group of dogs was variable, revealing a difference of 61 times between animals with the lowest and the highest parasitism. The set of parasitic load values of each dog showed a cluster trend, when compared to the other animals. Nevertheless, the parasitic load values of each dog showed a variation ranging from 3.2 to 34.7 times between lowest and highest value. Histological changes showed recognizable variation in frequency (granulomas) or intensity (perisplenitis) in the spleen of 2 out of the 6 dogs. The agreement of histological findings between samples collected from the different thirds of the spleen was good (kappa coeficient, 0.61-0.80) very good (0.81-0.99) or perfect (1.00), for most of the parameters analyzed. Variability of parasitic load and, to a lesser extent, histological changes in spleen of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis is observed. Such variability may be taken in account in the design of studies on pathogenesis, vaccine and therapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leila Andrade Bastos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Brazil.
| | | | | | - Geraldo Gileno de Sá Oliveira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Brazil.
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12
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Rampazzo RDCP, Solcà MDS, Santos LCS, Pereira LDN, Guedes JCO, Veras PST, Fraga DBM, Krieger MA, Costa ADT. A ready-to-use duplex qPCR to detect Leishmania infantum DNA in naturally infected dogs. Vet Parasitol 2017; 246:100-107. [PMID: 28969770 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a systemic disease caused by Leishmania infantum. A precise CVL diagnosis would allow for a faster and more specific treatment. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a sensitive and specific technique that can diagnose CVL and also monitor parasite load in the animal during the course of the infection or treatment. The aim of this study was to develop a ready-to-use (gelified and freezer-free) duplex qPCR for the identification of infected animals. We combined a new qPCR protocol that detects the canine 18S rRNA gene with an existing protocol for L. infantum kDNA detection, creating a duplex qPCR. This duplex method was then developed into a ready-to-use format. The performance of the duplex and singleplex reactions were compared in the traditional format (liquid and freezer-stored). Furthermore, the duplex qPCR performance was compared between the ready-to-use and traditional formats. The singleplex and new duplex qPCR exhibited the same detection limit in the traditional format (0.1 parasites/reaction). The ready-to-use format showed a detection limit of 1 parasite/reaction without affecting the reaction efficiency. The performance of the new qPCR protocol in the two formats was assessed using canine tissue samples from 82 dogs in an endemic CVL area that were previously characterized by standard serological and parasitological protocols. Splenic aspirates provided a higher rate of positivity (92.9%) followed by skin (50%) and blood (35.7%). The reported detection limits were observed for all tissues studied. Our results show that the amplification of L. infantum kDNA and canine DNA in a single tube, using either the traditional or ready-to-use format, exhibited the same diagnostic performance as amplification of the parasite kDNA alone. The detection of the host gene strengthens the qPCR results by confirming the presence and quality of DNA in the samples and the absence of polymerase inhibitors. The ready-to-use duplex qPCR format has many advantages. By joining two qPCR protocols into one, more results can be obtained in the same amount of time with reduced costs and embedded quality control. Reagents are preloaded and stored on the plate, reducing the operator's hands-on time to set up a reaction, as well as decreasing manipulation steps, which reduces the risk of mistakes or contamination. Thus, the ready-to-use duplex format turns qPCR into a robust, easy-to-use tool, which could help increase the availability of qPCR for CVL diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Manuela da Silva Solcà
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção (LPBI), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 Candeal, 40296-710, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Liliane Celestino Sales Santos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500 Ondina, 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lais de Novaes Pereira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500 Ondina, 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Oliveira Guedes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500 Ondina, 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção (LPBI), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 Candeal, 40296-710, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção (LPBI), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 Candeal, 40296-710, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500 Ondina, 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Krieger
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Dias Tavares Costa
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 CIC, 81350-010, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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13
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Borja LS, Sousa OMFD, Solcà MDS, Bastos LA, Bordoni M, Magalhães JT, Larangeira DF, Barrouin-Melo SM, Fraga DBM, Veras PST. Parasite load in the blood and skin of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum is correlated with their capacity to infect sand fly vectors. Vet Parasitol 2016; 229:110-117. [PMID: 27809965 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is primarily responsible for the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the New World, and dogs are considered to be the main urban reservoir of this disease. In order to improve the efficacy of control measures, it is essential to assess the transmission capacity of Leishmania infantum to the sand fly vector by naturally infected dogs. The present study investigated the existence of correlations between canine clinical presentation and the intensity of parasite load in the blood, skin and spleen of naturally infected dogs. In addition, we also attempted to establish correlations between the intensity of parasite load in canine tissue and the parasite load detected in sandflies five days after feeding on naturally infected dogs. A total of 23 dogs were examined and classified according to clinical manifestation of canine VL. Blood samples, splenic aspirate and skin biopsies were collected and parasite DNA was quantified by qPCR. Canine capacity to infect Lu. longipalpis with parasites was evaluated by xenodiagnosis and parasite loads were measured five days after feeding. No significant differences were observed with respect to canine clinical manifestation and the parasite loads detected in the blood, skin and spleen samples obtained from naturally infected dogs. Regardless of clinical canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) presentation and the degree of parasite burden, almost half of the dogs successfully infected sandflies with parasites, albeit to a low number of sandflies with correspondingly low parasite loads. Parasite loads in both canine blood and skin were shown to be positively correlated with the canine infectiousness to the sand fly vector, and positive correlations were also observed with respect to these tissues and the sand fly infection rate, as well as the parasite load detected in sandflies following xenodiagnosis. In conclusion, this indicates that parasite loads in both blood and skin can function as potentially reliable markers of canine capacity to infect sand fly vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lairton Souza Borja
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Orlando Marcos Farias de Sousa
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Manuela da Silva Solcà
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leila Andrade Bastos
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bordoni
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jairo Torres Magalhães
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Daniela Farias Larangeira
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT - DT, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT - DT, Bahia, Brazil.
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14
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Solcà MS, Andrade BB, Abbehusen MMC, Teixeira CR, Khouri R, Valenzuela JG, Kamhawi S, Bozza PT, Fraga DBM, Borges VM, Veras PST, Brodskyn CI. Circulating Biomarkers of Immune Activation, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Characterize Severe Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32619. [PMID: 27595802 PMCID: PMC5011641 DOI: 10.1038/srep32619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical manifestations in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) have not been clearly associated with immunological status or disease progression. We simultaneously assessed biomarkers of inflammation, immune activation, oxidative stress, and anti-sand fly saliva IgG concentrations in dog sera with different clinical manifestations to characterize a biosignature associated with CVL severity. In a cross-sectional exploratory study, a random population of 70 dogs from an endemic area in Brazil was classified according to CVL clinical severity and parasitological evaluation. A panel of biomarkers and anti-sand fly saliva IgG were measured in canine sera. Assessment of protein expression of profile biomarkers identified a distinct biosignature that could cluster separately animal groups with different clinical scores. Increasing severity scores were associated with a gradual decrease of LTB4 and PGE2, and a gradual increase in CXCL1 and CCL2. Discriminant analyses revealed that combined assessment of LTB4, PGE2 and CXCL1 was able to distinguish dogs with different clinical scores. Dogs with the highest clinical score values also exhibited high parasite loads and higher concentrations of anti-saliva antibodies. Our findings suggest CVL clinical severity is tightly associated with a distinct inflammatory profile hallmarked by a differential expression of circulating eicosanoids and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela S Solcà
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunoregulação, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, 40070-080 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Melissa Moura Costa Abbehusen
- Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunoregulação, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Khouri
- Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunoregulação, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Patrícia Torres Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Bio-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-110 Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), 40110-160 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Valeria Matos Borges
- Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunoregulação, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), 40110-160 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Claudia Ida Brodskyn
- Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunoregulação, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia (III-INCT), 05403-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Fraga DBM, Pacheco LV, Borja LS, Tuy PGDSE, Bastos LA, Solcà MDS, Amorim LDAF, Veras PST. The Rapid Test Based on Leishmania infantum Chimeric rK28 Protein Improves the Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis by Reducing the Detection of False-Positive Dogs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004333. [PMID: 26731098 PMCID: PMC4701173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) has spread to many urban centers worldwide. Dogs are considered the main reservoir of VL, because canine cases often precede the occurrence of human cases. Detection and euthanasia of serologically positive dogs is one of the primary VL control measures utilized in some countries, including Brazil. Using accurate diagnostic tests can minimize one undesirable consequence of this measure, culling false-positive dogs, and reduce the maintenance of false-negative dogs in endemic areas. In December 2011, the Brazilian Ministry of Health replaced the ELISA (EIE CVL) screening method and Indirect Immunofluorescence Test (IFI CVL) confirmatory method with a new protocol using the rapid DPP CVL screening test and EIE CVL confirmatory test. A study of diagnostic accuracy of these two protocols was done by comparing their performance using serum samples collected from a random sample of 780 dogs in an endemic area of VL. All samples were evaluated by culture and real time PCR; 766 out of the 780 dogs were tested using the previous protocol (IFI CVL + EIE CVL) and all 780 were tested using the current protocol (DPP CVL + EIE CVL). Performances of both diagnostic protocols were evaluated using a latent class variable as the gold standard. The current protocol had a higher specificity (0.98 vs. 0.95) and PPV (0.83 vs. 0.70) than the previous protocol, although sensitivity of these two protocols was similar (0.73). When tested using sera from asymptomatic animals, the current protocol had a much higher PPV (0.63 vs. 0.40) than the previous protocol (although the sensitivity of either protocol was the same, 0.71). Considering a range of theoretical CVL prevalences, the projected PPVs were higher for the current protocol than for the previous protocol for each theoretical prevalence value. The findings presented herein show that the current protocol performed better than previous protocol primarily by reducing false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Lairton Souza Borja
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Leila Andrade Bastos
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Manuela da Silva Solcà
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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de Oliveira IQ, Silva RA, Sucupira MV, da Silva ED, Reis AB, Grimaldi G, Fraga DBM, Veras PST. Multi-antigen print immunoassay (MAPIA)-based evaluation of novel recombinant Leishmania infantum antigens for the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:45. [PMID: 25616448 PMCID: PMC4318189 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Domestic dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of Leishmania infantum in regions where visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic. Although serologic methods are frequently used for the screening of infected dogs, antibody-based tests require further assessment, due to lack of sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we employed a multi-antigen printing immunoassay (MAPIA) to compare the antibody responses to novel recombinant proteins of L. infantum with the potential for the detection of canine VL. Findings MAPIA strips were prepared employing 12 recombinant proteins. Antibody reactivity to these antigens was compared using a panel of sera collected from clinically asymptomatic (n = 16) and symptomatic (n = 41) culture-positive animals. Our findings showed that the canine immune response to antigen differs between dogs and depends on infection status. Using this screening assay, when five out of the 12 antigens were combined, an overall 81% detection rate of L. infantum-infected dogs was achieved. Conclusions We conclude that MAPIA is an effective screening tool to rapidly select multiple antigens of diagnostic utility to be used in a more sensitive point of care diagnostic test such as the Dual-Path Platform (DPP) multiplex test for the rapid detection of infected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Queiroz de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 (Candeal), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Araujo Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 (Candeal), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Michel Vergne Sucupira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Diagnóstica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Edmilson Domingos da Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Diagnóstica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Grimaldi
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 (Candeal), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 (Candeal), Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 (Candeal), Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Solcà MDS, Bastos LA, Guedes CES, Bordoni M, Borja LS, Larangeira DF, da Silva Estrela Tuy PG, Amorim LDAF, Nascimento EG, de Sá Oliveira GG, dos-Santos WLC, Fraga DBM, Veras PST. Evaluating the accuracy of molecular diagnostic testing for canine visceral leishmaniasis using latent class analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103635. [PMID: 25076494 PMCID: PMC4116254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Host tissues affected by Leishmania infantum have differing degrees of parasitism. Previously, the use of different biological tissues to detect L. infantum DNA in dogs has provided variable results. The present study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of molecular diagnostic testing (qPCR) in dogs from an endemic area for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) by determining which tissue type provided the highest rate of parasite DNA detection. Fifty-one symptomatic dogs were tested for CVL using serological, parasitological and molecular methods. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed for accuracy evaluation of these methods. qPCR detected parasite DNA in 100% of these animals from at least one of the following tissues: splenic and bone marrow aspirates, lymph node and skin fragments, blood and conjunctival swabs. Using latent variable as gold standard, the qPCR achieved a sensitivity of 95.8% (CI 90.4–100) in splenic aspirate; 79.2% (CI 68–90.3) in lymph nodes; 77.3% (CI 64.5–90.1) in skin; 75% (CI 63.1–86.9) in blood; 50% (CI 30–70) in bone marrow; 37.5% (CI 24.2–50.8) in left-eye; and 29.2% (CI 16.7–41.6) in right-eye conjunctival swabs. The accuracy of qPCR using splenic aspirates was further evaluated in a random larger sample (n = 800), collected from dogs during a prevalence study. The specificity achieved by qPCR was 76.7% (CI 73.7–79.6) for splenic aspirates obtained from the greater sample. The sensitivity accomplished by this technique was 95% (CI 93.5–96.5) that was higher than those obtained for the other diagnostic tests and was similar to that observed in the smaller sampling study. This confirms that the splenic aspirate is the most effective type of tissue for detecting L. infantum infection. Additionally, we demonstrated that LCA could be used to generate a suitable gold standard for comparative CVL testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela da Silva Solcà
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz–Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leila Andrade Bastos
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz–Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Sampaio Guedes
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz–Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bordoni
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz–Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lairton Souza Borja
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz–Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Daniela Farias Larangeira
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz–Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Geraldo Gileno de Sá Oliveira
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz–Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT - DT), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz–Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT - DT), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz–Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT - DT), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Fraga DBM, da Silva ED, Pacheco LV, Borja LS, de Oliveira IQ, Coura-Vital W, Monteiro GR, Oliveira GGDS, Jerônimo SMB, Reis AB, Veras PST. A multicentric evaluation of the recombinant Leishmania infantum antigen-based immunochromatographic assay for the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:136. [PMID: 24684857 PMCID: PMC3972511 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious public health challenge in Brazil and dogs are considered to be the main urban reservoir of the causative agent. The culling of animals to control VL in some countries makes the accurate diagnosis of canine VL (CVL) essential. Recombinant antigens rLci1A and rLci2B were selected from a cDNA library of Leishmania infantum amastigotes due to their strong potential as candidates in diagnostic testing for CVL. The present multicentric study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of a prototype test using these antigens (DPP rLci1A/rLci2B) against 154 sera obtained from symptomatic dogs within three endemic areas of VL in Brazil. The specificity was evaluated using 40 serum samples from negative dogs and dogs infected with other pathogens. Sensitivity and specificity rates of DPP rLci1A/rLci2B prototype were compared to rates from other diagnostic tests currently in use by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, including DPP®LVC, EIE®LVC. Findings DPP rLci1A/rLci2B prototype offered similar performance to that offered by DPP®LVC rapid test, as follows: sensitivity of 87% (CI 81–91) and 88% (CI 82–93) and specificity of 100% (CI 91–100) and 97% (CI 87–100), respectively for DPP rLci1A/rLci2B and DPP®LVC. When results of these two tests were considered concomitantly, sensitivity increased to 93.5% (CI 89–96). Conclusions The recombinant antigens rLci1A and rLci2B represent promising candidates for use in a multi-antigen rapid test for CVL. The inclusion of novel antigens to the DPP rLci1A/rLci2B prototype model could offer additionally enhanced sensitivity to detect animals infected by L. infantum.
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Fernandes CB, Junior JTM, de Jesus C, Souza BMPDS, Larangeira DF, Fraga DBM, Tavares Veras PS, Barrouin-Melo SM. Comparison of two commercial vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis in dogs from endemic areas: IgG, and subclasses, parasitism, and parasite transmission by xenodiagnosis. Vaccine 2014; 32:1287-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Solcà MDS, Guedes CES, Nascimento EG, Oliveira GGDS, dos Santos WLC, Fraga DBM, Veras PST. Qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Leishmania in spleen samples from naturally infected dogs. Vet Parasitol 2011; 184:133-40. [PMID: 21917379 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Because infected dogs are widely considered to be the main domestic reservoir for Leishmania infantum (syn Leishmania chagasi) parasites in Brazil, the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) must be made both accurately and promptly. The present study attempted to standardize a conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) protocol for the detection of L. infantum DNA in canine spleen samples. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique was used to confirm the presence of Leishmania DNA in the canine spleen fragments. A comparison was made between the efficacies of these molecular diagnostic techniques and conventional parasitological and serological methods. cPCR protocols for spleen samples were standardized using primers that amplify a 145 bp fragment, located at the parasite kinetoplast minicircle. The genus specificity of the cPCR protocol was assessed by its inability to amplify the DNA of other common canine pathogens, such as Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis, Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi. cPCR protocol sensitivity was tested by assessing the reaction detection limit, determined to be 10 fg of L. infantum reference strain DNA, which corresponds to a range of 0.03-0.1 parasites per fragment. Standardized cPCR protocol was used to detect the presence of Leishmania in 45 dog spleen samples. Our results showed that 40% of the spleen fragment cultures were positive for Leishmania parasites, 58% of the dog serum samples tested positive using ELISA, and parasite DNA was detected in 44% using qPCR, while 47% of the spleen samples using cPCR. Diagnostic methods performance was assessed and revealed a better degree of ascertainment for cPCR when compared to other diagnostic methods. The sensitivity of ELISA was 83.3%, qPCR was 83.3%, and cPCR was 88.9%; PPV for ELISA was 57.7%, qPCR was 75% and cPCR was 76.2%; the Kappa coefficients were found to be 0.40 (fair) for ELISA, 0.64 (substantial) for qPCR and 0.68 (substantial) for cPCR. In both oligosymptomatic and polysymptomatic dogs, cPCR revealed the better performance analysis when compared to other diagnostic methods. The findings presented herein establish cPCR as the most indicated test to detect Leishmania when compared to the other two diagnostic methods evaluated. Despite the fact that the qPCR protocol provides a highly accurate quantification of parasites when targeting the SSU rRNA gene, this technique does not significantly improve the diagnosis of CVL when compared with the performance of the cPCR protocol, which focused on the kinetoplast minicircle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela da Silva Solcà
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ - Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, BA, Brazil
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