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França M, Dourado I, Grangeiro A, Greco D, Magno L. Racial HIV Testing Inequalities in Adolescent Men who have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Three Brazilian Cities. AIDS Behav 2024:10.1007/s10461-024-04297-z. [PMID: 38526640 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Many barriers to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among Black people exist. This study analysed the association between race/skin colour and lifetime HIV testing among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW) in three Brazilian cities. This cross-sectional study was nested within the PrEP1519 cohort, a multicentre study of AMSM and ATGW aged 15-19 years in Belo Horizonte, Salvador, and São Paulo, Brazil. The outcome variable was the lifetime HIV testing (no or yes). The main exposure variable was self-reported race/skin colour as White and a unique Black group (composed of Pardo-mixed colour and Black, according to the Brazilian classification). Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to determine the association between the main exposure and outcome, adjusted for covariates. White adolescents were tested more frequently than the unique Black group (64.0% vs. 53.7%, respectively; Ρ = 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the unique Black group of AMSM and ATGW had 26% (adjusted OR [aOR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55-0.98) and 38% (aOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.45-0.87) lower odds of being tested for HIV in a lifetime than Whites in model 1 and 2, respectively. Our findings highlight the role of racism in lifetime HIV testing among AMSM and ATGW. Therefore, an urgent need for advances exists in public policies to combat racism in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus França
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Inês Dourado
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Grangeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Greco
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laio Magno
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Zeballos D, Magno L, Soares F, Filho ME, Amorim L, Pinto JA, Greco D, Grangeiro A, Dourado I. Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Discontinuation in a Large Cohort of Adolescent Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Brazil. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:S43-S49. [PMID: 37953008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV discontinuation in adolescent men who have sex with men (aMSM) and adolescent transgender women (aTGW) and to identify factors associated with discontinuation. METHODS The PrEP1519 study included a cohort of aMSM and aTGW aged 15-19 years old, and it was conducted in three large Brazilian capital cities. For this analysis, we included adolescents who initiated PrEP. PrEP discontinuation was defined as no possession of PrEP pills for >90 days. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze the probabilities of discontinuation, and survival distributions stratified by covariates were compared using log-rank or Wilcoxon tests. Cox regression models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS We included 908 adolescents, 829 (91.30%) aMSM and 79 (8.70%) aTGW, most of whom were 18-19 years (80.29%). The incidence rate of discontinuation was 75.6 per 100 person-years. The probability of discontinuation was 52.61% in the first year. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the aTGW (aHR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.02-1.64) and adolescents with a medium (aHR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02-1.64) or low (aHR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.29-2.12) perceived risk of HIV infection had an increased risk of discontinuation, whereas the adolescents with a partner living with HIV had a lower risk of discontinuation (aHR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.35-0.91). DISCUSSION Adolescents with a high risk for discontinuation may need additional support that emphasizes the value of PrEP as a tool for HIV prevention because PrEP discontinuation was associated with a disconnect between HIV risk perception and HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zeballos
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Laio Magno
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Soares
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcos Eustorgio Filho
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leila Amorim
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jony Arrais Pinto
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Greco
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Grangeiro
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inês Dourado
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Dourado I, Soares F, Magno L, Amorim L, Eustorgio Filho M, Leite B, Greco D, Westin M, Tupinambás U, Massa P, Miura Zucchi E, Grangeiro A. Adherence, Safety, and Feasibility of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Adolescent Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Brazil (PrEP1519 Study). J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:S33-S42. [PMID: 37953006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the adherence, safety, and feasibility of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in real-world settings among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW). METHODS PrEP1519 is a single-arm, multicentric demonstration cohort study of daily oral PrEP among AMSM and ATGW aged 15 to 19 years in Brazil. Study visits occurred at baseline, weeks 4, 12, and then quarterly until 96 weeks. Descriptive statistics and a mixed logistic model for longitudinal data evaluated the factors associated with high adherence. RESULTS One thousand sixteen AMSM and ATGW accessed the PrEP1519 clinics. Of those, 998 (98.2%) underwent clinical triage. Forty one were diagnosed with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) at baseline (4.0%) and 79 (7.9%) were not eligible for PrEP. Of the 878, 795 (90.5%) enrolled in PrEP, 82 (10.3%) were lost to follow-up, and 713 were included. There was no significant decrease in creatinine clearance; only two participants had grade-III aspartate aminotransferase elevation. Incident HIV infection occurred in eight participants (incidence rate [IR] = 1.64 per 100 person-years [PY]): two in 15-17 years (IR = 2.24 per 100 PY) and six in 18-20 years (IR = 1.51 per 100 PY). PrEP adherence was higher among those with more years of schooling, those reporting no difficulties in PrEP use due to side effects, and who had low HIV risk perception in the past three months. DISCUSSION PrEP for AMSM and ATGW was safe and feasible in real-world settings. However, a higher IR among young adolescents and a higher adherence among less vulnerable people indicate the need for greater care, considering the specificities of this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Dourado
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Fabiane Soares
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Laio Magno
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leila Amorim
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcos Eustorgio Filho
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Beo Leite
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Greco
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mateus Westin
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Unaí Tupinambás
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Massa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Miura Zucchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Católica de Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Grangeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zucchi EM, Ferguson L, Magno L, Dourado I, Greco D, Ferraz D, Tupinambas U, Grangeiro A. When Ethics and the Law Collide: A Multicenter Demonstration Cohort Study of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Provision to Adolescent Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Brazil. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:S11-S18. [PMID: 37953003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore legal and ethical challenges related to adolescents' participation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) research that may affect their best interests. METHODS We analyzed the ethical principles and legal aspects of the participation of 15-17-year-old men who have sex with men and transgender women in the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) 1519 study, a PrEP demonstration cohort study in three Brazilian cities. The analyses of ethics review committees' (ERCs) evaluations and court decisions followed ethical and human rights principles. An HIV vulnerability score was created, and descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were performed using data from 347 participants. RESULTS The ERCs evaluated the benefits and risks of research participation, all finding that the benefits outweighed the risks. ERCs deferred responsibility for decisions about waiving parental consent to the judiciary. State courts reached different decisions about waiving parental consent, reflecting variation in recognition of adolescents' evolving capacities and the adolescent as a subject of sexual rights and the primary agent capable of deciding on their health and best interests. The most vulnerable adolescent participants were found in sites where the blanket waiver was in place. DISCUSSION Judicializing the ethical review process is detrimental to fulfilling the ethical principle of justice and vulnerable adolescents' access to health research. ERCs must be sufficiently independent and autonomous and have the capacity to respect, protect, and help fulfill the rights of participants while ensuring the generation of adequate evidence to inform public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Miura Zucchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Laura Ferguson
- Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laio Magno
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Inês Dourado
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Greco
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dulce Ferraz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Diretoria Regional de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; UMR Inserm 1296 - Radiations: Défense Santé Environnement, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Unai Tupinambas
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Grangeiro
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Soares F, Magno L, Pinto JA, Grangeiro A, Bruxvoort K, Greco D, Dourado I. Same-Day Initiation of Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis is High Among Adolescent Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Brazil. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:S26-S32. [PMID: 37953005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzed the sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of adolescent men who have sex with men (aMSM) and transgender women (aTGW) initiating oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention clinics. METHODS PrEP1519 is a prospective, multicenter, open-label PrEP demonstration cohort study of aMSM and aTGW aged 15-19 years living in three large Brazilian capital cities. For this analysis, we included adolescents who enrolled in PrEP1519 from February 2019 to August 2021. Adolescents who visited PrEP clinics were classified into four groups based on PrEP eligibility and on their decision to use PrEP: (1) ineligible for same-day PrEP initiation; (2) eligible for same-day PrEP initiation, initiated PrEP at first visit; (3) eligible for PrEP initiation, initiated PrEP after the first visit; and (4) eligible for same-day PrEP initiation but declined. The groups that were eligible for same-day PrEP initiation were compared using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Of the 1,254 adolescents enrolled in the PrEP1519 study, 61 (4.9%) were considered ineligible for same-day PrEP initiation. Of the 1,193 eligible for same-day PrEP initiation, 1,113 (93.3%) initiated PrEP [1,054 initiated PrEP in the first visit (88.3%) and 59 in subsequent visits (4.9%)] and 80 (6.7%) did not. Despite 90% of the PrEP decliners reporting a low risk of HIV infection, most reported condomless anal sex in the past six months (70%). DISCUSSION Same-day PrEP initiation among aMSM and aTGW was high, highlighting that this strategy was important to promote PrEP initiation among adolescents with increased vulnerability to HIV in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Soares
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Laio Magno
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jony Arrais Pinto
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Grangeiro
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia Bruxvoort
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dirceu Greco
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Inês Dourado
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Medeiros DSD, Magno L, Crosland Guimarães MD, Grangeiro A, Filho ME, Soares F, Greco D, Westin M, Ferraz D, Zucchi EM, Dourado I. Violence, Discrimination, and High Levels of Symptoms of Depression Among Adolescent Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Brazil. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:S19-S25. [PMID: 37953004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at describing the prevalence of symptoms of depression among 15-19 year old adolescent men who have sex with men (aMSM) and transgender women (aTGW), who were recruited in an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis cohort study in three Brazilian capital cities. The study also examined potential associations, including violence and discrimination, with severe symptoms of depression among aMSM. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of baseline data among 730 aMSM and 56 aTGW recruited between February 2019 and February 2021. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected. The 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was used to screen for symptoms of depression. Scores of ≥22 points indicate the presence of severe symptoms associated with major depression. Logistic regression was used to assess independent associations among aMSM, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS Our findings indicate a high prevalence of symptoms of depression (overall prevalence = 58.5% and 69.6%; 21.2% and 25.0% for mild/moderate, and 37.3% and 44.6% for severe) among these aMSM and aTGW, respectively. Psychological violence (aOR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.12-2.70), sexual violence (aOR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.07-2.98), and discrimination due to sexual orientation (aOR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.23-2.38) were independently associated with severe symptoms of depression in aMSM. DISCUSSION The high prevalence of severe symptoms of depression and its association with psychological and sexual violence and discrimination creates cycles of vulnerability and carries important public health implications. Thus, our findings indicate public policies should consider assessing depression, psychological and sexual violence, as well as discrimination, especially in populations that will be targeted by interventions, such as the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Souto de Medeiros
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Laio Magno
- Departmento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Grangeiro
- Departmento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Eustorgio Filho
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Soares
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Greco
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mateus Westin
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dulce Ferraz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Diretoria Regional de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; gUMR Inserm 1296 - Radiations: Défense Santé Environnement, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Eliana Miura Zucchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inês Dourado
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Del Giudice G, Serra A, Saarimäki LA, Kotsis K, Rouse I, Colibaba SA, Jagiello K, Mikolajczyk A, Fratello M, Papadiamantis AG, Sanabria N, Annala ME, Morikka J, Kinaret PAS, Voyiatzis E, Melagraki G, Afantitis A, Tämm K, Puzyn T, Gulumian M, Lobaskin V, Lynch I, Federico A, Greco D. An ancestral molecular response to nanomaterial particulates. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:957-966. [PMID: 37157020 PMCID: PMC10427433 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The varied transcriptomic response to nanoparticles has hampered the understanding of the mechanism of action. Here, by performing a meta-analysis of a large collection of transcriptomics data from various engineered nanoparticle exposure studies, we identify common patterns of gene regulation that impact the transcriptomic response. Analysis identifies deregulation of immune functions as a prominent response across different exposure studies. Looking at the promoter regions of these genes, a set of binding sites for zinc finger transcription factors C2H2, involved in cell stress responses, protein misfolding and chromatin remodelling and immunomodulation, is identified. The model can be used to explain the outcomes of mechanism of action and is observed across a range of species indicating this is a conserved part of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Del Giudice
- FHAIVE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Serra
- FHAIVE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere, Finland
| | - L A Saarimäki
- FHAIVE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Kotsis
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I Rouse
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S A Colibaba
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Jagiello
- Group of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- QSAR Lab Ltd, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Mikolajczyk
- Group of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- QSAR Lab Ltd, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Fratello
- FHAIVE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - A G Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Novamechanics Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - N Sanabria
- National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M E Annala
- FHAIVE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Morikka
- FHAIVE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - P A S Kinaret
- FHAIVE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLife), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - G Melagraki
- Division of Physical Sciences and Applications, Hellenic Military Academy, Vari, Greece
| | | | - K Tämm
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - T Puzyn
- Group of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- QSAR Lab Ltd, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - V Lobaskin
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Federico
- FHAIVE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere, Finland
| | - D Greco
- FHAIVE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLife), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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8
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Magno L, Soares F, Zucchi EM, Eustórgio M, Grangeiro A, Ferraz D, Greco D, Escuder MM, Dourado I. Reaching Out to Adolescents at High Risk of HIV Infection in Brazil: Demand Creation Strategies for PrEP and Other HIV Combination Prevention Methods. Arch Sex Behav 2023; 52:703-719. [PMID: 35876978 PMCID: PMC9310684 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Using baseline data from the PrEP1519 cohort, in this article we aimed to analyze: (i) the effectiveness of demand creation strategies (DCS) to enroll adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and adolescent transgender women (ATGW) into an HIV combination prevention study in Brazil; (ii) the predictors of DCS for adolescents' enrollment; and (iii) the factors associated with DCS by comparing online and face-to-face strategies for enrollment. The DCS included peer recruitment (i.e., online and face-to-face) and referrals from health services and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). AMSM and ATGW who agreed to participate in the study could opt to enroll in either PrEP (PrEP arm) or to use other prevention methods (non-PrEP arm). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted and logistic regression odds ratios were estimated. The DCS reached 4529 AMSM and ATGW, the majority of which were derived online (73.8%). Of this total, 935 (20.6%) enrolled to participate (76.6% in PrEP arm and 23.4% in non-PrEP arm). The effectiveness of enrolling adolescents into both arms was greater via direct referrals (235/382 and 84/382, respectively) and face-to-face peer recruitment (139/670 and 35/670, respectively) than online (328/3342). We found that a combination under DCS was required for successful enrollment in PrEP, with online strategies majorly tending to enroll adolescents of a higher socioeconomic status. Our findings reinforce the need for DCS that actively reaches out to all adolescents at the greatest risk for HIV infection, irrespective of their socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laio Magno
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Rua Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula41.150-000, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Fabiane Soares
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eliana Miura Zucchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Mestrado Profissional em Psicologia e Políticas Públicas, Universidade Católica de Santos, São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Marcos Eustórgio
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Grangeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dulce Ferraz
- Escola FIOCRUZ de Governo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Greco
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ines Dourado
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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9
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Soares F, Magno L, Eustorgio Filho M, Duarte FM, Grangeiro A, Greco D, Dourado I. Important steps for PrEP uptake among adolescent men who have sex with men and transgender women in Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281654. [PMID: 37014830 PMCID: PMC10072478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective prevention tool, but there are still few studies about PrEP uptake among adolescents. We aimed to analyze the PrEP uptake process and factors associated with daily oral PrEP initiation among adolescent men who have sex with men (aMSM) and transgender women (aTGW) in Brazil. Baseline data from the first demonstration PrEP cohort study among aMSM and aTGW 15-19 years old (yo) ongoing in three large Brazilian cities (PrEP1519). After completing informed consent procedures, participants were enrolled in the cohort from February/2019 to February/2021. A socio-behavioral questionnaire was applied. Factors associated with PrEP initiation were assessed using a logistic regression model with adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Among recruited participants, 174 (19,2%) were aged 15-17 yo and 734 (80,8%) 18-19 yo. The rate of PrEP initiation was 78.2% and 77.4% for 15-17 yo and 18-19 yo, respectively. Factors associated with PrEP initiation were: black or mixed race (aPR 2.31; 95%CI: 1.10-4.84) among the younger adolescents 15-17 yo; experienced violence and/or discrimination due to their sexual orientation or gender identity (aPR 1.21; 95%CI: 1.01-1.46); transactional sex (aPR 1.32; 95%CI: 1.04-1.68); and having had between 2 to 5 sexual partners in the previous three months (aPR 1.39; 95%CI: 1.15-1.68) among those 18-19 yo. Unprotected receptive anal intercourse in the previous six months was associated with PrEP initiation in both age groups (aPR 1.98; 95%CI: 1.02-3.85 and aPR 1.45; 95%CI: 1.19-1.76 among 15-17 yo and 18-19 yo, respectively). The biggest challenge to promoting PrEP use for aMSM and aTGW was in the first steps of the PrEP uptake process. Once they were linked to the PrEP clinic, initiation rates were high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Soares
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Laio Magno
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Filipe Mateus Duarte
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Grangeiro
- School of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Greco
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Inês Dourado
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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10
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Morandi S, Cremonesi P, Arioli S, Stocco G, Silvetti T, Biscarini F, Castiglioni B, Greco D, D'Ascanio V, Mora D, Brasca M. Erratum to "Effect of using mycotoxin-detoxifying agents in dairy cattle feed on natural whey starter biodiversity" (J. Dairy Sci. 105:6513-6526). J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8590. [PMID: 36116870 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-105-10-8590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - P Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Einstein, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - S Arioli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - G Stocco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, I-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - T Silvetti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - F Biscarini
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Einstein, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - B Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Einstein, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - D Greco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - V D'Ascanio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - D Mora
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - M Brasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
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11
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Singh JA, Kochhar S, Wolff J, Atuire C, Bhan A, Emanuel E, Faden R, Ghimire P, Greco D, Ho C, Moon S, Shamsi-Gooshki E, Touré A, Thomé B, Smith MJ, Upshur REG. WHO guidance on COVID-19 vaccine trial designs in the context of authorized COVID-19 vaccines and expanding global access: Ethical considerations. Vaccine 2022; 40:2140-2149. [PMID: 35248422 PMCID: PMC8882397 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
While the degree of COVID-19 vaccine accessibility and uptake varies at both national and global levels, increasing vaccination coverage raises questions regarding the standard of prevention that ought to apply to different settings where COVID-19 vaccine trials are hosted. A WHO Expert Group has developed guidance on the ethical implications of conducting placebo-controlled trials in the context of expanding global COVID-19 vaccine coverage. The guidance also considers alternative trial designs to placebo controlled trials in the context of prototype vaccines, modified vaccines, and next generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Amir Singh
- Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Scientific Advisory Group on Emergencies (SAGE), Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Global Healthcare Consulting, Delhi, India
| | - Jonathan Wolff
- Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caesar Atuire
- Department of Philosophy and Classics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anant Bhan
- Department of Community Medicine and Centre for Ethics, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Ezekiel Emanuel
- Global Initiatives and Healthcare Transformation Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth Faden
- Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Dirceu Greco
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Calvin Ho
- Faculty of Law and Centre for Medical Ethics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Suerie Moon
- International Relations and Political Science Department & Interdisciplinary Programmes, Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki
- Department of Medical Ethics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Beatriz Thomé
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu,Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | - Maxwell J Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ross E G Upshur
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Moon S, Armstrong J, Hutler B, Upshur R, Katz R, Atuire C, Bhan A, Emanuel E, Faden R, Ghimire P, Greco D, Ho CW, Kochhar S, Schaefer GO, Shamsi-Gooshki E, Singh JA, Smith MJ, Wolff J. Governing the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator: towards greater participation, transparency, and accountability. Lancet 2022; 399:487-494. [PMID: 34902308 PMCID: PMC8797025 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A) is a multistakeholder initiative quickly constructed in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic to respond to a catastrophic breakdown in global cooperation. ACT-A is now the largest international effort to achieve equitable access to COVID-19 health technologies, and its governance is a matter of broad public importance. We traced the evolution of ACT-A's governance through publicly available documents and analysed it against three principles embedded in the founding mission statement of ACT-A: participation, transparency, and accountability. We found three challenges to realising these principles. First, the roles of the various organisations in ACT-A decision making are unclear, obscuring who might be accountable to whom and for what. Second, the absence of a clearly defined decision making body; ACT-A instead has multiple centres of legally binding decision making and uneven arrangements for information transparency, inhibiting meaningful participation. Third, the nearly indiscernible role of governments in ACT-A, raising key questions about political legitimacy and channels for public accountability. With global public health and billions in public funding at stake, short-term improvements to governance arrangements can and should now be made. Efforts to strengthen pandemic preparedness for the future require attention to ethical, legitimate arrangements for governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suerie Moon
- International Relations and Political Science Department & Interdisciplinary Programmes, Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jana Armstrong
- Independent Global Health Consultant, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Brian Hutler
- Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Ross Upshur
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Katz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Caesar Atuire
- Department of Philosophy and Classics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anant Bhan
- Department of Community Medicine and Centre for Ethics, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Ezekiel Emanuel
- Global Initiatives and Healthcare Transformation Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth Faden
- Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | | | - Dirceu Greco
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Calvin Wl Ho
- Faculty of Law and Centre for Medical Ethics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G Owen Schaefer
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki
- Department of Medical Ethics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maxwell J Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Wolff
- Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Guimarães NS, Raposo MA, Greco D, Tupinambás U, Premaor MO. People Living With HIV, Lean Mass, and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:113-123. [PMID: 33836973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and to assess whether there is a difference between the muscle mass of PLHIV and people living without HIV. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional and case-control studies was carried out. PLHIV over 18 years of age and that had their muscle mass evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were included. Overall, 4,376 studies were found, of which 118 had their full texts evaluated. A total of 5,532 people living with HIV and 2,986 people living without HIV were identified in 41 studies. The frequency of sarcopenia defined by low muscle mass (Baumgartner's operational definition) alone was 30.3% (95%CI 24.3%, 37.1%) and the frequency of sarcopenia defined by low muscle mass with low muscle strength (EWGSOP definition) was 4.5% (95%CI 1.3%, 13.9%), p-value = 0.0006. The standardized mean differences of muscle mass between PLHIV and controls was -0.211 units of standard deviation (95%CI -0.419, -0.003). In the meta-regression analysis muscle mass mean difference was associated with BMI, CD4, percentage of subjects on ART, and study design. PLHIV have a lower muscle mass when compared to people living without HIV. This difference appears to be attenuated by higher BMI, CD4 levels, and the percentage of subjects using ART. Furthermore, the frequencies of sarcopenia assessed by the operational definition of Baumgartner and the EWGSOP are not comparable and cannot be interchanged in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dirceu Greco
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Unaí Tupinambás
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Melissa Orlandin Premaor
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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14
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Greco D. Skills needed to communicate adequately COVID-19 risk indicators to citizens and policy-makers. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Risk communication is a sustained communication process established with a diverse audience about the likelihood of the health outcomes of specific conditions or actions. Individuals are influenced by risk information in complex and unpredictable ways and communicating effectively risk during a pandemic event requires a set of different skills: 1) analysis skills, to be able to gather and assess the information; 2) communication skills, to deliver information that is understandable, through the right channels for the specific audience; 3) coordination and leadership skills, to be able to align partners at local, regional, national, international level to meet common goals. In this presentation, challenges of communicating COVID-19 risk indicators such as the risk of infection, risk of being hospitalised, risk of death, risk of long-term consequences, and risk of adverse events from vaccination will be presented. In particular, through case studies we will examine local, national and international risk communication strategies on: 1) risk of death in the vulnerable population; 2) risk of transmission in the home setting; 3) risk of long-term consequences of COVID-19 (“long COVID”). The strengths and weaknesses of the communication strategies in these examples will be pointed out and opportunities to improve them will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Greco
- Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
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15
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Bruni A, Mazzeo E, Triggiani L, Frassinelli L, Guarneri A, Bartoncini S, Antognoni P, Gottardo S, Greco D, Borghesi S, Nanni S, Ingrosso G, D’Angelillo R, Detti B, Francolini G, Magli A, Guerini A, Arcangeli S, Spiazzi L, Ricardi U, Lohr F, Magrini S. PO-1347 Prostate cancer RT pattern of practice in Italy between 2004-2011: an analysis by the AIRO database. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Borghetti P, Costantino G, Santoro V, Sepulcri M, Maddalo M, Greco D, Frassine F, Vitali P, Pastorello E, La Mattina S, Volpi G, Imbrescia J, Magrini S. PO-1194 A predictive model for OS in patients treated with Stereotactic Radiotherapy for early-stage NSCLC. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Wolff J, Atuire C, Bhan A, Emanuel E, Faden R, Ghimire P, Greco D, Ho CWL, Kochhar S, Moon S, Schaefer OG, Shamsi-Gooshki E, Singh JA, Smith MJ, Thomé B, Touré A, Upshar R. Ethical and policy considerations for COVID-19 vaccination modalities: delayed second dose, fractional dose, mixed vaccines. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-005912. [PMID: 33958395 PMCID: PMC8103551 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wolff
- Blavatnik School of Government, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Caesar Atuire
- Philosophy and Classics, University of Ghana, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Anant Bhan
- Centre for Ethics, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ezekiel Emanuel
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy in the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruth Faden
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Prakash Ghimire
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dirceu Greco
- Professor Emeritus, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Calvin W L Ho
- Department of Law, and Centre for Medical Ethics and Law, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Surie Moon
- Law, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Owen G Schaefer
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jerome Amir Singh
- Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maxwell J Smith
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Ross Upshar
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Calanni L, Zampella C, Micheletti P, Greco D, Negro M, D’Antona G. Correlation between Patellar Tendon Mechanical Properties and Oxygenation Detection by Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Males. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2021. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.01.2021.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Calanni
- CRIAMS Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Pavia, Italy
| | - C. Zampella
- CRIAMS Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Pavia, Italy
| | - P. Micheletti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - D. Greco
- CRIAMS Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Pavia, Italy
| | - M. Negro
- CRIAMS Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Pavia, Italy
| | - G. D’Antona
- CRIAMS Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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19
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Fortino V, Scala G, Greco D. Feature set optimization in biomarker discovery from genome-scale data. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:3393-3400. [PMID: 32119073 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Omics technologies have the potential to facilitate the discovery of new biomarkers. However, only few omics-derived biomarkers have been successfully translated into clinical applications to date. Feature selection is a crucial step in this process that identifies small sets of features with high predictive power. Models consisting of a limited number of features are not only more robust in analytical terms, but also ensure cost effectiveness and clinical translatability of new biomarker panels. Here we introduce GARBO, a novel multi-island adaptive genetic algorithm to simultaneously optimize accuracy and set size in omics-driven biomarker discovery problems. RESULTS Compared to existing methods, GARBO enables the identification of biomarker sets that best optimize the trade-off between classification accuracy and number of biomarkers. We tested GARBO and six alternative selection methods with two high relevant topics in precision medicine: cancer patient stratification and drug sensitivity prediction. We found multivariate biomarker models from different omics data types such as mRNA, miRNA, copy number variation, mutation and DNA methylation. The top performing models were evaluated by using two different strategies: the Pareto-based selection, and the weighted sum between accuracy and set size (w = 0.5). Pareto-based preferences show the ability of the proposed algorithm to search minimal subsets of relevant features that can be used to model accurate random forest-based classification systems. Moreover, GARBO systematically identified, on larger omics data types, such as gene expression and DNA methylation, biomarker panels exhibiting higher classification accuracy or employing a number of features much lower than those discovered with other methods. These results were confirmed on independent datasets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION github.com/Greco-Lab/GARBO. CONTACT dario.greco@tuni.fi. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fortino
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - G Scala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33100, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - D Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33100, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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20
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van der Graaf R, Macklin R, Rid A, Bhan A, Gefenas E, Greco D, Haerry D, Hurst S, London AJ, Saracci R, Sprumont D, van Delden JJM. Integrating public health programs and research after the malaria vaccine implementation program (MVIP): Recommendations for next steps. Vaccine 2020; 38:6975-6978. [PMID: 32981780 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In February 2020, international controversy arose about the ethical acceptability of the WHO Malaria Vaccine Implementation Program (MVIP). Whereas some have argued that this program must be seen as research that is not in line with international ethical standards, notably regarding informed consent and local ethical review, some WHO representatives consider the MVIP as a public health implementation program that need not adhere to these standards. METHODS We performed a case analysis in light of the 2016 CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research involving Humans. FINDINGS We argue that the MVIP has a substantial research component, and that it is prudent to therefore apply ethical norms for research involving humans, such as the CIOMS guidelines. Accordingly, we agree that the ethical requirements of informed consent and independent ethical review have not been met. In addition, we are concerned that the study might not meet CIOMS's social value requirement. RECOMMENDATIONS We urge WHO to release more details about the process that led to the MVIP program and make the MVIP protocol publicly available. The full protocol should be assessed by the relevant ethics committees, new and already enrolled parents should be informed about the uncertainties under investigation and given a real opportunity to consent or refuse (continued) participation, communities should be engaged, and aspects of MVIP that require alteration in light of ethical review should be altered, if possible. Furthermore, in order to improve good ethical practices, it is necessary to engage in international debate regarding the integration of research and public health programs. Procedurally, vaccine implementation programs that combine both prevention and research should involve the wider international ethics community and ensure participation of the target populations in setting the proper conditions for launching such programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieke van der Graaf
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands(1).
| | - Ruth Macklin
- Distinguished University Professor Emerita, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA(2)
| | - Annette Rid
- National Institutes of Health, Department of Bioethics, The Clinical Center, USA(3)
| | - Anant Bhan
- Yenepoya (deemed to be University), India(4)
| | - Eugenijus Gefenas
- Centre for Health Ethics, Law and History, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Lithuania(5)
| | - Dirceu Greco
- Professor Emeritus, Infectious Diseases and Bioethics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil(6)
| | - David Haerry
- European AIDS Treatment Group, Brussels, Belgium(7)
| | - Samia Hurst
- Institute for Ethics, History, and the Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland(8)
| | - Alex John London
- Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Ethics and Policy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA(9)
| | - Rodolfo Saracci
- Former President, International Epidemiological Association, Lyon, France(10)
| | - Dominique Sprumont
- Deputy Director, Institute of Health Law, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland(11)
| | - Johannes J M van Delden
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Netherlands(12)
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21
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Villa R, Fergnani VGC, Silipigni R, Guerneri S, Cinnante C, Guala A, Danesino C, Scola E, Conte G, Fumagalli M, Gangi S, Colombo L, Picciolini O, Ajmone PF, Accogli A, Madia F, Tassano E, Scala M, Capra V, Srour M, Spaccini L, Righini A, Greco D, Castiglia L, Romano C, Bedeschi MF. Structural brain anomalies in Cri-du-Chat syndrome: MRI findings in 14 patients and possible genotype-phenotype correlations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 28:110-119. [PMID: 32800423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cri-du-Chat Syndrome (CdCS) is a genetic condition due to deletions showing different breakpoints encompassing a critical region on the short arm of chromosome 5, located between p15.2 and p15.3, first defined by Niebuhr in 1978. The classic phenotype includes a characteristic cry, peculiar facies, microcephaly, growth retardation, hypotonia, speech and psychomotor delay and intellectual disability. A wide spectrum of clinical manifestations can be attributed to differences in size and localization of the 5p deletion. Several critical regions related to some of the main features (such as cry, peculiar facies, developmental delay) have been identified. The aim of this study is to further define the genotype-phenotype correlations in CdCS with particular regards to the specific neuroradiological findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fourteen patients with 5p deletions have been included in the present study. Neuroimaging studies were conducted using brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Genetic testing was performed by means of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array at 130 kb resolution. RESULTS MRI analyses showed that isolated pontine hypoplasia is the most common finding, followed by vermian hypoplasia, ventricular anomalies, abnormal basal angle, widening of cavum sellae, increased signal of white matter, corpus callosum anomalies, and anomalies of cortical development. Chromosomal microarray analysis identified deletions ranging in size from 11,6 to 33,8 Mb on the short arm of chromosome 5. Then, we took into consideration the overlapping and non-overlapping deleted regions. The goal was to establish a correlation between the deleted segments and the neuroradiological features of our patients. CONCLUSIONS Performing MRI on all the patients in our cohort, allowed us to expand the neuroradiological phenotype in CdCS. Moreover, possible critical regions associated to characteristic MRI findings have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Villa
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - V G C Fergnani
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - R Silipigni
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - S Guerneri
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Cinnante
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Guala
- Department of Pediatrics, Castelli Hospital, Verbania, Italy.
| | - C Danesino
- Molecular Medicine Department, General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - E Scola
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Conte
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Fumagalli
- NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - S Gangi
- NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - L Colombo
- NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - O Picciolini
- Pediatric Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - P F Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| | - A Accogli
- DINOGMI, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - F Madia
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - E Tassano
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - M Scala
- DINOGMI, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - V Capra
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - M Srour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Center (MUHC) Research Institute, Montreal, Canada.
| | - L Spaccini
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - A Righini
- Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - D Greco
- Oasi Research Institute, IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
| | - L Castiglia
- Oasi Research Institute, IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
| | - C Romano
- Oasi Research Institute, IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
| | - M F Bedeschi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Greco D. Engaging policy makers: how to make the message pass? Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Vaccination remains a serious matter of concern from a relevant part of the population, therefore a quite delicate issue for policy-makers. The paradox between vaccination success and vaccination hesitancy is a current issue: the more vaccination has been successful in eliminating or reducing the incidence of diseases the lower the perception of risk among younger parents' cohorts that never saw diseases for which their children are requested to be vaccinated.
This hesitancy is reflected in the politicians' space, as they are quite reluctant to impose measures that will target the mass of healthy young children potentially raising negative reaction from the parent's population.
Financial issues are not a concern in the rich world: vaccination global budget is a small fraction of the running health expenditures; money is still a problem in developing countries, but there population and politicians do accept happily donation for new vaccination campaigns.
But the situation is quickly changing: in the northern hemisphere, despite the growth of vaccination hesitancy seven new vaccines have been successfully introduced in the last decade (e.g. Chickenpox, HPV, Rotavirus) and new ones are close to introduction (e.g. Herpes Zoster, Gonorrhea, Norovirus, RSV).
Are policy-maker changing the traditional reluctant attitude against new vaccines? Few factors have been underlined in the last decade: Vaccination cost-benefit analysis offer politicians a good argument to show they are working for the population health.Mathematical models are becoming frequently used tools to show the economic gain of vaccination.The consequences of fake news and antivaccine narrative are warning politicians for more respect for science.Newly emerging epidemic diseases are increasing population confidence for public health interventions.
Those factors are influencing health communication and could become useful tools to complement policy-makers' strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Greco
- Medical epidemiologist, Rome, Italy
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Buglione M, Gerardi M, Greco D, Maddalo M, Daniela A, Bonù M, Augugliaro M, Alghisi A, Pegurri L, Ferrari A, Tomasini D, Marvaso G, Orecchia R, Jereczek B, Magrini S. EP-1156 Radical radio-chemotherapy in head and cancer: retrospective comparison between weekly and 3-weekly CDDP. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Gerardi M, Buglione M, Alterio D, Maddalo M, Greco D, Augugliaro M, Alghisi A, Bonù M, Costa L, Ferrari A, Marvaso G, Tomasini D, Rocca MC, Orecchia R, Magrini S, Jereczek-Fossa B. PO-078 Radio-chemotherapy for Heand and Neck cancer: retrospective comparison between weekly and three-weekly CDDP. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Greco D, Kocyigit D, Adorni MP, Marchi C, Ronda N, Bernini F, Gurses KM, Canpinar H, Guc D, Oguz SH, Gurlek A, Strazzella A, Simonelli S, Tokgozoglu L, Zimetti F. Vitamin D replacement ameliorates serum lipoprotein functions, adipokine profile and subclinical atherosclerosis in pre-menopausal women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:822-829. [PMID: 29954641 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low vitamin D (vitD) has been linked to increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, but the effects of vitD supplementation are not clarified. We evaluated the impact of vitD normalization on HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), which inversely correlates with CV risk, the proatherogenic serum cholesterol loading capacity (CLC), adipokine profile and subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy premenopausal women with vitD deficiency (n = 31) underwent supplementation. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), measured with standard techniques. HDL CEC and serum CLC were measured by a radioisotopic and fluorimetric assay, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in HDL was quantified by the TBARS assay. Pre-β HDL was assessed by 2D-electrophoresis. Serum adipokines were measured by ELISA. VitD replacement restored normal levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and significantly improved FMD (+4%; p < 0.001), PWV (-4.1%: p < 0.001) and AIx (-16.1%; p < 0.001). Total CEC was significantly improved (+19.5%; p = 0.003), with a specific increase in the ABCA1-mediated CEC (+70.8%; p < 0.001). HDL-MDA slightly but significantly decreased (-9.6%; p = 0.027), while no difference was detected in pre-β HDL. No change was observed in aqueous diffusion nor in the ABCG1-mediated CEC. Serum CLC was significantly reduced (-13.3%; p = 0.026). Levels of adiponectin were increased (+50.6%; p < 0.0001) and resistin levels were decreased (-24.3%; p < 0.0001). After vitD replacement, an inverse relationship was found linking the ABCA1-mediated CEC with pre-β HDL (r2 = 0.346; p < 0.001) and resistin (r2 = 0.220; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Our data support vitD supplementation for CV risk prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Greco
- Biopharmanet-Tec Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - D Kocyigit
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M P Adorni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C Marchi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - N Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - F Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - K M Gurses
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - H Canpinar
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D Guc
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S H Oguz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Gurlek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Strazzella
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Simonelli
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - L Tokgozoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Durán M, Sabato S, Greco D, Thomas DS, Cisneros V, Lopardo G. Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in HIV infected subjects in a medical center of Buenos Aires. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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27
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Ndika J, Suojalehto H, Täubel M, Lehto M, Karvala K, Pallasaho P, Sund J, Auvinen P, Järvi K, Pekkanen J, Kinaret P, Greco D, Hyvärinen A, Alenius H. Nasal mucosa and blood cell transcriptome profiles do not reflect respiratory symptoms associated with moisture damage. Indoor Air 2018; 28:721-731. [PMID: 29729044 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Upper and lower respiratory symptoms and asthma are adverse health effects associated with moisture-damaged buildings. Quantitative measures to detect adverse health effects related to exposure to dampness and mold are needed. Here, we investigate differences in gene expression between occupants of moisture-damaged and reference buildings. Moisture-damaged (N = 11) and control (N = 5) buildings were evaluated for dampness and mold by trained inspectors. The transcriptomics cohort consisted of nasal brushings and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 86 teachers, with/without self-perceived respiratory symptoms. Subject categories comprised reference (R) and damaged (D) buildings with (S) or without (NS) symptoms, that is, R-S, R-NS, DS, and D-NS. Component analyses and k-means clustering of transcriptome profiles did not distinguish building status (R/D) or presence of respiratory symptoms (S/NS). Only one nasal mucosa gene (YBX3P1) exhibited a significant change in expression between D-S and D-NS. Nine other nasal mucosa genes were differentially expressed between R-S and D-S teachers. No differentially expressed genes were identified in PBMCs. We conclude that the observed mRNA differences provide very weak biological evidence for adverse health effects associated with subject occupancy of the specified moisture-damaged buildings. This emphasizes the need to evaluate all potential factors (including those not related to toxicity) influencing perceived/self-reported ill health in moisture-damaged buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ndika
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Suojalehto
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Täubel
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Lehto
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Karvala
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Pallasaho
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Sund
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Järvi
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - J Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Kinaret
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Greco
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Hyvärinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H Alenius
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Capasso C, Whalley T, Marwah V, Serafin A, Fusciello M, Feola S, Martins B, Greco D, Szomolay B, Cerullo V. Homology between cancer and viral epitopes as criteria to design improved cancer vaccines. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx711.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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Barbera F, Triggiani L, Buglione M, Ghirardelli P, Vitali P, Caraffini B, Borghetti P, Greco D, Bardoscia L, Pasinetti N, Costa L, Maddalo M, Ghedi B, La Face B, Magrini SM. Salvage Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy For Recurrent Prostate Cancer After External Beam Radiotherapy: Results From A Single Institution With Focus On Toxicity And Functional Outcomes. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2017; 11:1179554917738765. [PMID: 29151782 PMCID: PMC5680931 DOI: 10.1177/1179554917738765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/aim: Low dose rate brachytherapy has been used as salvage therapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer (PC) after primary external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), along with surgery and cryotherapy. All these techniques, in particular, when applied to the whole gland, involve a relatively high risk of toxicity and may worsen the patient’s quality of life. Our aim is to evaluate the results of whole-gland salvage brachytherapy (SBT) after primary EBRT in terms of toxicity, functional outcomes, and efficacy. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data on 19 patients consecutively treated with SBT at our institution between June 2012 and November 2015. Local recurrences were identified with 11C-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging after biochemical recurrence according to Phoenix criteria (prostate-specific antigen nadir + 2). Low dose rate brachytherapy was performed by 125I permanent seeds implantation to the whole prostate gland, with a prescription dose of 130 Gy. At the time of SBT, only 2 patients were receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Acute and late toxicities were recorded using the CTCAE 4.0 scoring system. Quality of life was assessed using IPSS (International Prostate Symptoms Score) and IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) questionnaires at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months after SBT, and the respective mean values were compared using Student t test. Biochemical relapse-free survival (BRFS) was also calculated. Results: Median follow-up after SBT was 24 months. Of 19 patients, 2 patients experienced a G3 cystitis (10.2%) and 1 patient experienced a G4 proctitis (5.3%), respectively. Mean pre-SBT IPSS scores and 6, 12, and 24 months after SBT were 5.84, 10.22, 15.72, and 8.10, respectively. Mean pre-SBT IIEF scores and 6, 12, and 24 months after SBT were 8.42, 3.55, 7.89, and 6.40, respectively. At the time of analysis, only 2 patients showed a biochemical relapse (3-year BRFS 85.2%). The Student t test demonstrated a worsening of functional outcome 6 months and 1 year after treatment but a subsequent improvement 2 years after SBT. Conclusions: Salvage brachytherapy for recurrent PC after primary EBRT seems to be a feasible treatment for selected patients. Our series revealed a severe toxicity peak 6 months and 1 year after local re-treatment and then they decrease. Early BRFS rates are good. However, these are very preliminary results so further patient accrual, long-term follow-up, and prospective trials are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Barbera
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Triggiani
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Buglione
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - P Ghirardelli
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - P Vitali
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - B Caraffini
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - P Borghetti
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - D Greco
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Bardoscia
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - N Pasinetti
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Costa
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Maddalo
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - B Ghedi
- Medical Physics Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - B La Face
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - S M Magrini
- Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
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Villa R, Cima S, Craus A, Benelli E, Greco D. Ethical issues in national pandemic influenza plans. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx189.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Possenti V, De Mei B, Scardetta P, Aukeland J, Bitsch L, Donofrio A, Green M, Drager KH, Benelli E, Greco D. Improving preparedness to respond to epidemics and pandemics: the ASSET EU project. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx186.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - B De Mei
- Istituto Superiore Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - M Green
- University Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Gontijo P, Guilhem D, Sprumont D, Greco D. Twelve tips to promote excellence in ethical review: translation and adaptation of e-learning in research ethics. MedEdPublish 2016. [DOI: 10.15694/mep.2016.000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Usage of and investment in e-learning has also grown in the field of research ethics. There are currently several distance capacity building programs on this theme, although few are translated to the language and adapted to the legislation of countries with less resources to implement local training. Translating and adapting an already existing e-learning is a more accessible strategy, since it makes use of an already existing online platform and capacity building strategies that were previously tested and are recognized in the scientific community and society in general. This training needs to be adapted to local needs and there must be guidelines for the translation and adaptation stages of the distance education programs for ethics in research involving human beings. In this article, we put forward 12 steps for the translation and adaptation of e-learning on research ethics, based on our experience of implementing the Brazilian version of TRREE e-learning.
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Gorini M, Tanzilli A, Cardillo A, Greco D, Rinalduzzi S, Pierelli F, Fattapposta F, Trompetto C, Currà A. 21. Habituation of somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with dementia. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Buglione M, Trevisan F, Baushi L, Triggiani M, Pasinetti N, Alghisi A, Greco D, Papa A, Spiazzi L, Borghetti P, Nodari S, Magrini S. PO-0671: Risk of cardiac damage after mediastinal radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Giardina M, Tomarchio E, Greco D. Analysis of radionuclide concentration in air released through the stack of a radiopharmaceutical production facility based on a medical cyclotron. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from animal studies suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues should not be used in pregnancy, but there have been no reports to date of their effects in human pregnancy. The aim of the present report was to describe a case of exposure to liraglutide during the first trimester of pregnancy in a patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. CASE REPORT A 37-year-old woman with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who had been taking liraglutide for 2 years was admitted in the 13(th) week of gestation. Liraglutide was immediately discontinued and intensive insulin therapy instituted. The woman gave birth to a healthy child after completing an uneventful gestation period. CONCLUSION Although the present normal pregnancy outcome does not mean that glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues are safe to use in pregnancy, this report contributes to the limited knowledge regarding human exposure to these drugs during pregnancy in women with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Greco
- Unit of Diabetology, 'Paolo Borsellino' Hospital, Marsala, Italy
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Greco D, Esposito S, Tozzi A, Pandolfi E, Icardi G, Giammanco A. Whooping cough, twenty years from acellular vaccines introduction. Ann Ig 2015; 27:415-31. [PMID: 26051141 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2015.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Clinical pertussis resulting from infection with B. pertussis is a significant medical and public health problem, despite the huge success of vaccination that has greatly reduced its incidence. The whole cell vaccine had an undeniable success over the last 50 years, but its acceptance was strongly inhibited by fear, only partially justified, of severe side effects, but also, in the Western world, by the difficulty to enter in combination with other vaccines: today multi-vaccine formulations are essential to maintain a high vaccination coverage. The advent of acellular vaccines was greeted with enthusiasm by the public health world: in the Nineties, several controlled vaccine trials were carried out: they demonstrated a high safety and good efficacy of new vaccines. In fact, in the Western world, the acellular vaccines completely replaced the whole cells ones. In the last years, ample evidence on the variety of protection of these vaccines linked to the presence of different antigens of Bordetella pertussis was collected. It also became clear that the protection provided, on average around 80%, leaves every year a significant cohort of vaccinated susceptible even in countries with a vaccination coverage of 95%, such as Italy. Finally, it was shown that, as for the pertussis disease, protection decreases over time, to leave a proportion of adolescents and adults unprotected. Waiting for improved pertussis vaccines, the disease control today requires a different strategy that includes a booster at 5 years for infants, but also boosters for teenagers and young adults, re-vaccination of health care personnel, and possibly of pregnant women and of those who are in contact with infants (cocooning). Finally, the quest for better vaccines inevitably tends towards pertussis acellular vaccines with at least three components, which have demonstrated superior effectiveness and have been largely in use in Italy for fifteen years.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Greco
- International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), Lion, France
| | - S Esposito
- Pediatrics Unit High Intensity Care, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - A Tozzi
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - E Pandolfi
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Icardi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Giammanco
- Microbiologist, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro" University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Bagnato G, Visalli E, Fiorenza A, Cordova F, Greco D, Monaco C, Roberts W, Bruno A, Zoccali R, Bagnato G. SAT0453 Clinical, Autoimmune and Psychiatric Parameters in Systemic Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Correlations with Sleep Disturbances. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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39
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Greco D. The epidemiological evolution of HIV infection. Antibiot Chemother (1971) 2015; 43:1-13. [PMID: 1715681 DOI: 10.1159/000419716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Greco
- National AIDS Operational Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Tirelli U, Vaccher E, Lazzarin A, Alessi E, Crosato I, Milazzo F, Cargnel A, Greco D, Aiuti F, Moroni M. Kaposi's sarcoma in Italy, a country with intravenous drug users as the main group affected by HIV infection. Antibiot Chemother (1971) 2015; 43:115-23. [PMID: 1883211 DOI: 10.1159/000419724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Tirelli
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italia
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41
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Jakobsson T, Vedin LL, Hassan T, Venteclef N, Greco D, D'Amato M, Treuter E, Gustafsson JÅ, Steffensen KR. The oxysterol receptor LXRβ protects against DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:1416-28. [PMID: 24803164 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the function of the oxysterol receptors (LXRs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through studying dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice and by elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory action. We observed that Lxr-deficient mice are more susceptible to colitis. Clinical indicators of colitis including weight loss, diarrhea and blood in feces appeared earlier and were more severe in Lxr-deficient mice and particularly LXRβ protected against symptoms of colitis. Addition of an LXR agonist led to faster recovery and increased survival. In contrast, Lxr-deficient mice showed slower recovery and decreased survival. In Lxr-deficient mice, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were increased together with increased infiltration of immune cells in the colon epithelium. Activation of LXRs strongly suppressed expression of inflammatory mediators including TNFα. While LXRα had anti-inflammatory effects in CD11b(+) immune cell populations, LXRβ in addition had anti-inflammatory effects in colon epithelial cells. Lack of LXRβ also induced CD4(+)/CD3(+) immune cell recruitment to the inflamed colon. Expression of both LXRA and LXRB was significantly suppressed in inflamed colon from subjects with IBD compared with non-inflamed colon. Taken together, our observations suggest that the LXRs could provide interesting targets to reduce the inflammatory responses in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jakobsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L-L Vedin
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Hassan
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Venteclef
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, INSERM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - D Greco
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M D'Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J-Å Gustafsson
- 1] Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - K R Steffensen
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pulkkinen V, Ezer S, Sundman L, Hagström J, Remes S, Söderhäll C, Greco D, Haglund C, Kere J, Arola J. Erratum to: “Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) activates cancer-related pathways and is widely expressed in neuroendocrine tumors. Virchows Arch 2014. [PMCID: PMC4643569 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pulkkinen V, Ezer S, Sundman L, Hagström J, Remes S, Söderhäll C, Greco D, Dario G, Haglund C, Kere J, Arola J. Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) activates cancer-related pathways and is widely expressed in neuroendocrine tumors. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:173-83. [PMID: 24915894 PMCID: PMC4116602 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise from disseminated neuroendocrine cells and express general and specific neuroendocrine markers. Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) is expressed in neuroendocrine cells and its ligand neuropeptide S (NPS) affects cell proliferation. Our aim was to study whether NPS/NPSR1 could be used as a biomarker for neuroendocrine neoplasms and to identify the gene pathways affected by NPS/NPSR1. We collected a cohort of NETs comprised of 91 samples from endocrine glands, digestive tract, skin, and lung. Tumor type was validated by immunostaining of chromogranin-A and synaptophysin expression and tumor grade was analyzed by Ki-67 proliferation index. NPS and NPSR1 expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibodies against NPS and monoclonal antibodies against the amino-terminus and carboxy-terminus of NPSR1 isoform A (NPSR1-A). The effects of NPS on downstream signaling were studied in a human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line which overexpresses NPSR1-A and is of neuroendocrine origin. NPSR1 and NPS were expressed in most NET tissues, with the exception of adrenal pheochromocytomas in which NPS/NPSR1 immunoreactivity was very low. Transcriptome analysis of NPSR1-A overexpressing cells revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, circadian activity, focal adhesion, transforming growth factor beta, and cytokine-cytokine interactions were the most altered gene pathways after NPS stimulation. Our results show that NETs are a source of NPS and NPSR1, and that NPS affects cancer-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pulkkinen
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Asadi N, Dolci G, Dell'Amore A, Greco D, Caroli G, Ammari C, Giunta D, Bini A, Stella F. V-046 * SURGICAL SIMULATION GUIDED NAVIGATION: A NEW APPROACH IN THORACIC SURGERY. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu167.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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45
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Ronda N, Greco D, Adorni M, Zimetti F, Favari E, Borghi M, Hollan I, Hjeltnes G, Mikkelsen K, Meroni P, Bernini F. FRI0258 Improvement of Cell Cholesterol Trafficking-Related Lipoprotein Functions in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Adalimumab. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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46
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Grövdal M, Karimi M, Tobiasson M, Reinius L, Jansson M, Ekwall K, Ungerstedt J, Kere J, Greco D, Hellström-Lindberg E. Azacitidine induces profound genome-wide hypomethylation in primary myelodysplastic bone marrow cultures but may also reduce histone acetylation. Leukemia 2013; 28:411-3. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Asadi N, Dell'Amore A, Dolci G, Greco D, Caroli G, Ammari C, Bini A, Stella F. Sternal allograft transplantation for anterior chest wall reconstruction. J Cardiothorac Surg 2013. [PMCID: PMC3844884 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-8-s1-o322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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48
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Asadi N, Caroli G, Dolci G, Dell'Amore A, Greco D, Ammari C, Bini A, Stella F. Transthoracic ultrasound planning in the treatment of second and third stage of empyema. J Cardiothorac Surg 2013. [PMCID: PMC3844703 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-8-s1-o71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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49
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Silva FVND, Guimarães A, Hallal R, Greco D. O09.6 CD4 Below 500: Increase of ART Patients and the Financial Impact in Brazil. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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50
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Ogwang M, Paramatti D, Molteni T, Ochola E, Okello TR, Ortiz Salgado JC, Kayanja A, Greco C, Kizza D, Gondoni E, Okot J, Praticò L, Granata V, Filia A, Kellar Ayugi H, Greco D. Prevalence of hospital-associated infections can be decreased effectively in developing countries. J Hosp Infect 2013; 84:138-42. [PMID: 23643293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) are an important public health problem worldwide. Little information is available from African countries, but published data show that the burden of HAI is greater in Africa than in developed countries. In 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) published guidelines for preventing HAI. AIM To evaluate the impact of a hospital infection control programme on the prevalence of HAI among patients in a large Ugandan hospital. METHODS A one-day cross-sectional prevalence survey and a ward procedure survey were performed in Lacor Hospital in March 2010 using standardized questionnaires. All patients admitted to hospital not less than two days before the survey were eligible to participate in the prevalence survey. Modified WHO criteria for HAI were used. The ward procedure survey examined the procedures to prevent HAI. Several hospital infection control measures were subsequently implemented, in accordance with WHO infection control guidelines, starting in October 2010. The prevalence survey and ward procedure survey were repeated in October 2011. FINDINGS The prevalence of HAI was 34% in 2010 and 17% in 2011. The prevalence of infected patients reduced from 28% to 14%. The prevalence of HAI was lower in all age groups and for all types of HAI except urinary tract infections following the implementation of infection control activities. CONCLUSION This study showed that HAI is an important problem in this large African hospital, and that the prevalence of HAI can be reduced effectively following the adoption of basic infection control procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogwang
- St. Mary's Hospital Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
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