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Beretta M, Dai Y, Olzomer EM, Vancuylenburg CS, Santiago-Rivera JA, Philp AM, Hargett SR, Li K, Shah DP, Chen SY, Alexopoulos SJ, Li C, Harris TE, Lee B, Wathier M, Cermak JM, Tucker SP, Turner N, Bayliss DA, Philp A, Byrne FL, Santos WL, Hoehn KL. Liver-Selective Imidazolopyrazine Mitochondrial Uncoupler SHD865 Reverses Adiposity and Glucose Intolerance in Mice. Diabetes 2024; 73:374-384. [PMID: 37870907 PMCID: PMC10882157 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Excess body fat is a risk factor for metabolic diseases and is a leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a strong need to find new treatments that decrease the burden of obesity and lower the risk of obesity-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Pharmacologic mitochondrial uncouplers represent a potential treatment for obesity through their ability to increase nutrient oxidation. Herein, we report the in vitro and in vivo characterization of compound SHD865, the first compound to be studied in vivo in a newly discovered class of imidazolopyrazine mitochondrial uncouplers. SHD865 is a derivative of the furazanopyrazine uncoupler BAM15. SHD865 is a milder mitochondrial uncoupler than BAM15 that results in a lower maximal respiration rate. In a mouse model of diet-induced adiposity, 6-week treatment with SHD865 completely restored normal body composition and glucose tolerance to levels like those of chow-fed controls, without altering food intake. SHD865 treatment also corrected liver steatosis and plasma hyperlipidemia to normal levels comparable with chow-fed controls. SHD865 has maximal oral bioavailability in rats and slow clearance in human microsomes and hepatocytes. Collectively, these data identify the potential of imidazolopyrazine mitochondrial uncouplers as drug candidates for the treatment of obesity-related disorders. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yumin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Ellen M. Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Calum S. Vancuylenburg
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - José A. Santiago-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Ashleigh M. Philp
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan R. Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Keyong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Divya P. Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie J. Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Li
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Simon P. Tucker
- Life Biosciences, Boston, MA
- Firebrick Pharma, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Cellular Bioenergetics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Philp
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances L. Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Chen SY, Beretta M, Olzomer EM, Alexopoulos SJ, Shah DP, Byrne FL, Salamoun JM, Garcia CJ, Smith GC, Larance M, Philp A, Turner N, Santos WL, Cantley J, Hoehn KL. Head-to-head comparison of BAM15, semaglutide, rosiglitazone, NEN, and calorie restriction on metabolic physiology in female db/db mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166908. [PMID: 37793464 PMCID: PMC10908303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and obesity commonly co-occur but clinical treatment options do not effectively target all disorders. Calorie restriction, semaglutide, rosiglitazone, and mitochondrial uncouplers have all demonstrated efficacy against one or more obesity-related metabolic disorders, but it currently remains unclear which therapeutic strategy best targets the combination of hyperglycaemia, liver fat, hypertriglyceridemia, and adiposity. Herein we performed a head-to-head comparison of 5 treatment interventions in the female db/db mouse model of severe metabolic disease. Treatments included ∼60 % calorie restriction (CR), semaglutide, rosiglitazone, BAM15, and niclosamide ethanolamine (NEN). Results showed that BAM15 and CR improved body weight and liver steatosis to levels superior to semaglutide, NEN, and rosiglitazone, while BAM15, semaglutide, and rosiglitazone improved glucose tolerance better than CR and NEN. BAM15, CR, semaglutide, and rosiglitazone all had efficacy against hypertriglyceridaemia. These data provide a comprehensive head-to-head comparison of several key treatment strategies for metabolic disease and highlight the efficacy of mitochondrial uncoupling to correct multiple facets of the metabolic disease milieu in female db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Greg C Smith
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew Philp
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Cellular Bioenergetics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - James Cantley
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Chen SY, Beretta M, Olzomer EM, Shah DP, Wong DYH, Alexopoulos SJ, Aleksovska I, Salamoun JM, Garcia CJ, Cochran BJ, Rye KA, Smith GC, Byrne FL, Morris MJ, Santos WL, Cantley J, Hoehn KL. Targeting negative energy balance with calorie restriction and mitochondrial uncoupling in db/db mice. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101684. [PMID: 36731653 PMCID: PMC9932728 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calorie restriction is a first-line treatment for overweight individuals with metabolic impairments. However, few patients can adhere to long-term calorie restriction. An alternative approach to calorie restriction that also causes negative energy balance is mitochondrial uncoupling, which decreases the amount of energy that can be extracted from food. Herein we compare the metabolic effects of calorie restriction with the mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 in the db/db mouse model of severe hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and fatty liver. METHODS Male db/db mice were treated with ∼50% calorie restriction, BAM15 at two doses of 0.1% and 0.2% (w/w) admixed in diet, or 0.2% BAM15 with time-restricted feeding from 5 weeks of age. Mice were metabolically phenotyped over 4 weeks with assessment of key readouts including body weight, glucose tolerance, and liver steatosis. At termination, liver tissues were analysed by metabolomics and qPCR. RESULTS Calorie restriction and high-dose 0.2% BAM15 decreased body weight to a similar extent, but mice treated with BAM15 had far better improvement in glucose control. High-dose BAM15 treatment completely normalized fasting glucose and glucose tolerance to levels similar to lean db/+ control mice. Low-dose 0.1% BAM15 did not affect body mass but partially improved glucose tolerance to a similar degree as 50% calorie restriction. Both calorie restriction and high-dose BAM15 significantly improved hyperglucagonemia and liver and serum triglyceride levels. Combining high-dose BAM15 with time-restricted feeding to match the time that calorie restricted mice were fed resulted in the best metabolic phenotype most similar to lean db/+ controls. BAM15-mediated improvements in glucose control were associated with decreased glucagon levels and decreased expression of enzymes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSIONS BAM15 and calorie restriction treatments improved most metabolic disease phenotypes in db/db mice. However, mice fed BAM15 had superior effects on glucose control compared to the calorie restricted group that consumed half as much food. Submaximal dosing with BAM15 demonstrated that its beneficial effects on glucose control are independent of weight loss. These data highlight the potential for mitochondrial uncoupler pharmacotherapies in the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Derek Y H Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Isabella Aleksovska
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Greg C Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - James Cantley
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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4
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Grivas P, Khaki AR, Wise-Draper TM, French B, Hennessy C, Hsu CY, Shyr Y, Li X, Choueiri TK, Painter CA, Peters S, Rini BI, Thompson MA, Mishra S, Rivera DR, Acoba JD, Abidi MZ, Bakouny Z, Bashir B, Bekaii-Saab T, Berg S, Bernicker EH, Bilen MA, Bindal P, Bishnoi R, Bouganim N, Bowles DW, Cabal A, Caimi PF, Chism DD, Crowell J, Curran C, Desai A, Dixon B, Doroshow DB, Durbin EB, Elkrief A, Farmakiotis D, Fazio A, Fecher LA, Flora DB, Friese CR, Fu J, Gadgeel SM, Galsky MD, Gill DM, Glover MJ, Goyal S, Grover P, Gulati S, Gupta S, Halabi S, Halfdanarson TR, Halmos B, Hausrath DJ, Hawley JE, Hsu E, Huynh-Le M, Hwang C, Jani C, Jayaraj A, Johnson DB, Kasi A, Khan H, Koshkin VS, Kuderer NM, Kwon DH, Lammers PE, Li A, Loaiza-Bonilla A, Low CA, Lustberg MB, Lyman GH, McKay RR, McNair C, Menon H, Mesa RA, Mico V, Mundt D, Nagaraj G, Nakasone ES, Nakayama J, Nizam A, Nock NL, Park C, Patel JM, Patel KG, Peddi P, Pennell NA, Piper-Vallillo AJ, Puc M, Ravindranathan D, Reeves ME, Reuben DY, Rosenstein L, Rosovsky RP, Rubinstein SM, Salazar M, Schmidt AL, Schwartz GK, Shah MR, Shah SA, Shah C, Shaya JA, Singh SRK, Smits M, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Stover DG, Streckfuss M, Subbiah S, Tachiki L, Tadesse E, Thakkar A, Tucker MD, Verma AK, Vinh DC, Weiss M, Wu JT, Wulff-Burchfield E, Xie Z, Yu PP, Zhang T, Zhou AY, Zhu H, Zubiri L, Shah DP, Warner JL, Lopes G. Association of clinical factors and recent anticancer therapy with COVID-19 severity among patients with cancer: a report from the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:787-800. [PMID: 33746047 PMCID: PMC7972830 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer may be at high risk of adverse outcomes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We analyzed a cohort of patients with cancer and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) reported to the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) to identify prognostic clinical factors, including laboratory measurements and anticancer therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with active or historical cancer and a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis recorded between 17 March and 18 November 2020 were included. The primary outcome was COVID-19 severity measured on an ordinal scale (uncomplicated, hospitalized, admitted to intensive care unit, mechanically ventilated, died within 30 days). Multivariable regression models included demographics, cancer status, anticancer therapy and timing, COVID-19-directed therapies, and laboratory measurements (among hospitalized patients). RESULTS A total of 4966 patients were included (median age 66 years, 51% female, 50% non-Hispanic white); 2872 (58%) were hospitalized and 695 (14%) died; 61% had cancer that was present, diagnosed, or treated within the year prior to COVID-19 diagnosis. Older age, male sex, obesity, cardiovascular and pulmonary comorbidities, renal disease, diabetes mellitus, non-Hispanic black race, Hispanic ethnicity, worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, recent cytotoxic chemotherapy, and hematologic malignancy were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. Among hospitalized patients, low or high absolute lymphocyte count; high absolute neutrophil count; low platelet count; abnormal creatinine; troponin; lactate dehydrogenase; and C-reactive protein were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. Patients diagnosed early in the COVID-19 pandemic (January-April 2020) had worse outcomes than those diagnosed later. Specific anticancer therapies (e.g. R-CHOP, platinum combined with etoposide, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors) were associated with high 30-day all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Clinical factors (e.g. older age, hematological malignancy, recent chemotherapy) and laboratory measurements were associated with poor outcomes among patients with cancer and COVID-19. Although further studies are needed, caution may be required in utilizing particular anticancer therapies. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFIER NCT04354701.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grivas
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA.
| | - A R Khaki
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA; Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - B French
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - C Hennessy
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - C-Y Hsu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Y Shyr
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - X Li
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | | | - C A Painter
- Broad Institute, Cancer Program, Cambridge, USA
| | - S Peters
- Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B I Rini
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | | | - S Mishra
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - D R Rivera
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - J D Acoba
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA
| | - M Z Abidi
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Z Bakouny
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - B Bashir
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - S Berg
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA
| | | | - M A Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - P Bindal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - R Bishnoi
- University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - N Bouganim
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - D W Bowles
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - A Cabal
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - P F Caimi
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - D D Chism
- Thompson Cancer Survival Center, Knoxville, USA
| | - J Crowell
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - C Curran
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - A Desai
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, USA
| | - B Dixon
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - D B Doroshow
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - E B Durbin
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - A Elkrief
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - D Farmakiotis
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - A Fazio
- Tufts Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston and Stoneham, USA
| | - L A Fecher
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - D B Flora
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - C R Friese
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - J Fu
- Tufts Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston and Stoneham, USA
| | - S M Gadgeel
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - M D Galsky
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - D M Gill
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - S Goyal
- George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - P Grover
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - S Gulati
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - S Gupta
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | | | | | - B Halmos
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - D J Hausrath
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - J E Hawley
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - E Hsu
- Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, USA; University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA
| | - M Huynh-Le
- George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - C Hwang
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - C Jani
- Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - D B Johnson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - A Kasi
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - H Khan
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - V S Koshkin
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - N M Kuderer
- Advanced Cancer Research Group, LLC, Kirkland, USA
| | - D H Kwon
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - A Li
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | | | - C A Low
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - G H Lyman
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - R R McKay
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - C McNair
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - H Menon
- Penn State Health/Penn State Cancer Institute/St. Joseph Cancer Center, Hershey, USA
| | - R A Mesa
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | - V Mico
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - D Mundt
- Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, USA
| | - G Nagaraj
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, USA
| | - E S Nakasone
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - J Nakayama
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - A Nizam
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | - N L Nock
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - C Park
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - J M Patel
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - K G Patel
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, USA
| | - P Peddi
- Willis-Knighton Cancer Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - N A Pennell
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | | | - M Puc
- Virtua Health, Marlton, USA
| | | | - M E Reeves
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, USA
| | - D Y Reuben
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | | | - R P Rosovsky
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - M Salazar
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | | | - G K Schwartz
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - M R Shah
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - S A Shah
- Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - C Shah
- University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - J A Shaya
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - S R K Singh
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - M Smits
- ThedaCare Regional Cancer Center, Appleton, USA
| | | | - D G Stover
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | | | - S Subbiah
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - L Tachiki
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - E Tadesse
- Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, USA
| | - A Thakkar
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - M D Tucker
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - A K Verma
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - D C Vinh
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Weiss
- ThedaCare Regional Cancer Center, Appleton, USA
| | - J T Wu
- Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Z Xie
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, USA
| | - P P Yu
- Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, USA
| | - T Zhang
- Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - A Y Zhou
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - L Zubiri
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - D P Shah
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | - J L Warner
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - GdL Lopes
- University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, USA
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5
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Paris VR, Alexopoulos SJ, Hu Y, Shah DP, Aflatounian A, Edwards MC, Bertoldo M, Kyle HL, Walters KA. Metabolic PCOS Features Are Ameliorated by Mitochondrial Uncoupler BAM15 in a PCOS Mouse Model. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8090152 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine condition characterized by endocrine, reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. At present, there is no cure for PCOS and current treatments are suboptimal. Obesity and adverse metabolic features are prevalent in women with PCOS, with weight loss having a beneficial effect on PCOS features. The use of dietary interventions aimed at weight loss have low long-term compliance in women suffering from PCOS. Recent data from animal studies has shown that a small molecule mitochondrial uncoupler, BAM15, is an effective method to pharmacologically treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of BAM15 to ameliorate PCOS-traits in a hyperandrogenic PCOS mouse model. As expected, exposure of female mice to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced the PCOS metabolic features of increased body weight (P<0.05), lean mass (P<0.001), increased parametrial and mesenteric fat pad weights (both P<0.05) and adipocyte hypertrophy (P<0.05). Additionally, DHT-induced PCOS mice exhibited insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR, increased cholesterol and fasting triglyceride levels and hepatic steatosis (all P<0.05). In contrast, DHT-induced PCOS females treated with BAM15 displayed body weights which were comparable with controls, a significant decrease in parametrial and mesenteric fat depot weights (P<0.05) and reduced adipocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, BAM15 treatment decreased insulin resistance, cholesterol and fasting triglyceride levels, as well as the degree of hepatic steatosis observed in PCOS females, to levels comparable with controls. PCOS mice presented the reproductive PCOS traits of irregular cycles and ovulatory dysfunction, however BAM15 did not improve these PCOS traits. These findings demonstrate that the pharmacologic mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 is able to ameliorate metabolic PCOS features in a hyperandrogenic PCOS mouse model. These data provide compelling evidence to support BAM15 as a potential innovative and viable therapeutic approach to manage metabolic traits associated with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Hu
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Hoehn L Kyle
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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6
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Chen SY, Beretta M, Alexopoulos SJ, Shah DP, Olzomer EM, Hargett SR, Childress ES, Salamoun JM, Aleksovska I, Roseblade A, Cranfield C, Rawling T, Quinlan KGR, Morris MJ, Tucker SP, Santos WL, Hoehn KL. Mitochondrial uncoupler SHC517 reverses obesity in mice without affecting food intake. Metabolism 2021; 117:154724. [PMID: 33548253 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial uncouplers decrease caloric efficiency and have potential therapeutic benefits for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Herein we investigate the metabolic and physiologic effects of a recently identified small molecule mitochondrial uncoupler named SHC517 in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. METHODS SHC517 was administered as an admixture in food. The effect of SHC517 on in vivo energy expenditure and respiratory quotient was determined by indirect calorimetry. A dose-finding obesity prevention study was performed by starting SHC517 treatment concomitant with high fat diet for a period of 12 days. An obesity reversal study was performed by feeding mice western diet for 4 weeks prior to SHC517 treatment for 7 weeks. Biochemical assays were used to determine changes in glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol. SHC517 concentrations were determined by mass spectrometry. RESULTS SHC517 increased lipid oxidation without affecting body temperature. SHC517 prevented diet-induced obesity when administered at 0.05% and 0.1% w/w in high fat diet and reversed established obesity when tested at the 0.05% dose. In the obesity reversal model, SHC517 restored adiposity to levels similar to chow-fed control mice without affecting food intake or lean body mass. SHC517 improved glucose tolerance and fasting glucose levels when administered in both the obesity prevention and obesity reversal modes. CONCLUSIONS SHC517 is a mitochondrial uncoupler with potent anti-obesity and insulin sensitizing effects in mice. SHC517 reversed obesity without altering food intake or compromising lean mass, effects that are highly sought-after in anti-obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Childress
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Isabella Aleksovska
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ariane Roseblade
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Charles Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Simon P Tucker
- Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia.
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.; Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia.
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7
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Salamoun JM, Garcia CJ, Hargett SR, Murray JH, Chen SY, Beretta M, Alexopoulos SJ, Shah DP, Olzomer EM, Tucker SP, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. 6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4- b]pyrazin-5-ol Derivatives as Efficacious Mitochondrial Uncouplers in STAM Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6203-6224. [PMID: 32392051 PMCID: PMC11042500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule mitochondrial uncouplers have recently garnered great interest for their potential in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we report the structure-activity relationship profiling of a 6-amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-ol core, which utilizes the hydroxy moiety as the proton transporter across the mitochondrial inner membrane. We demonstrate that a wide array of substituents is tolerated with this novel scaffold that increased cellular metabolic rates in vitro using changes in oxygen consumption rate as a readout. In particular, compound SHS4121705 (12i) displayed an EC50 of 4.3 μM in L6 myoblast cells and excellent oral bioavailability and liver exposure in mice. In the STAM mouse model of NASH, administration of 12i at 25 mg kg-1 day-1 lowered liver triglyceride levels and improved liver markers such as alanine aminotransferase, NAFLD activity score, and fibrosis. Importantly, no changes in body temperature or food intake were observed. As potential treatment of NASH, mitochondrial uncouplers show promise for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Jacob H Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Simon P Tucker
- Continuum Biosciences, Pty Ltd., Sydney 2035, Australia
- Continuum Biosciences Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02116, United States
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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8
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Alexopoulos SJ, Chen SY, Brandon AE, Salamoun JM, Byrne FL, Garcia CJ, Beretta M, Olzomer EM, Shah DP, Philp AM, Hargett SR, Lawrence RT, Lee B, Sligar J, Carrive P, Tucker SP, Philp A, Lackner C, Turner N, Cooney GJ, Santos WL, Hoehn KL. Mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 reverses diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2397. [PMID: 32409697 PMCID: PMC7224297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a health problem affecting more than 40% of US adults and 13% of the global population. Anti-obesity treatments including diet, exercise, surgery and pharmacotherapies have so far failed to reverse obesity incidence. Herein, we target obesity with a pharmacotherapeutic approach that decreases caloric efficiency by mitochondrial uncoupling. We show that a recently identified mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 is orally bioavailable, increases nutrient oxidation, and decreases body fat mass without altering food intake, lean body mass, body temperature, or biochemical and haematological markers of toxicity. BAM15 decreases hepatic fat, decreases inflammatory lipids, and has strong antioxidant effects. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies show that BAM15 improves insulin sensitivity in multiple tissue types. Collectively, these data demonstrate that pharmacologic mitochondrial uncoupling with BAM15 has powerful anti-obesity and insulin sensitizing effects without compromising lean mass or affecting food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ashleigh M Philp
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Robert T Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - James Sligar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Pascal Carrive
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Simon P Tucker
- Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia
| | - Andrew Philp
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia.
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia.
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9
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Childress ES, Salamoun JM, Hargett SR, Alexopoulos SJ, Chen SY, Shah DP, Santiago-Rivera J, Garcia CJ, Dai Y, Tucker SP, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. [1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4- b]pyrazine-5,6-diamine Derivatives as Mitochondrial Uncouplers for the Potential Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2511-2526. [PMID: 32017849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule mitochondrial uncouplers are emerging as a new class of molecules for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We utilized BAM15, a potent protonophore that uncouples the mitochondria without depolarizing the plasma membrane, as a lead compound for structure-activity profiling. Using oxygen consumption rate as an assay for determining uncoupling activity, changes on the 5- and 6-position of the oxadiazolopyrazine core were introduced. Our studies suggest that unsymmetrical aniline derivatives bearing electron withdrawing groups are preferred compared to the symmetrical counterparts. In addition, alkyl substituents are not tolerated, and the N-H proton of the aniline ring is responsible for the protonophore activity. In particular, compound 10b had an EC50 value of 190 nM in L6 myoblast cells. In an in vivo model of NASH, 10b decreased liver triglyceride levels and showed improvement in fibrosis, inflammation, and plasma ALT. Taken together, our studies indicate that mitochondrial uncouplers have potential for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Childress
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - José Santiago-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yumin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Simon P Tucker
- Continuum Biosciences, Pty Ltd., 2035 Sydney, Australia.,Continuum Biosciences Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02116, United States
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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10
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Dholakia YN, Shah DP. Pulmonary Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in Category II Failures from National Tuberculosis Programme. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2015; 57:27-30. [PMID: 26410980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly being reported. These can mimic drug-resitant tubercuolosis. A diagnosis of NTM infections needs a high degree of clinical suspicion and repeated isolation of the organism on culture. NTM infections occur commonly in immunocompromised individuals and in people with lung abnormalities. Currently there are no guidelines on drug combinations and the duration of treatment is not adequately defined. Two cases of pulmonary infection with NTM in immune-competent individuals are described in the present report. Although the bacteriological, radiological and clinical response to treatment was good; early discontinuation of treatment resulted in recurrence and change in drug susceptibility pattern, suggesting the need for prolonged treatment for achieving cure.
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11
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Nesher L, Rolston KVI, Shah DP, Tarrand JT, Mulanovich V, Ariza-Heredia EJ, Chemaly RF. Fecal colonization and infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2014; 17:33-8. [PMID: 25546740 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, is an important pathogen in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients. The ability to identify patients at risk for these infections and administer appropriate empiric therapy, particularly during episodes of neutropenia, may improve outcomes and also direct infection control and antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Many transplant centers obtain routine surveillance stool cultures (SSCs) from HCT recipients to test for colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Our center initiated the performance of SSCs for P. aeruginosa, because of a perceived increase in the frequency of infection with MDR strains. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of this practice. METHODS We conducted a 2-year (2010-2011) retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent allogeneic HCT at our cancer center to (a) determine the frequency of fecal colonization with P. aeruginosa, including MDR strains; (b) to determine the overall frequency of subsequent P. aeruginosa infection, as well as the frequency of infection with MDR strains; (c) to ascertain the proportion of subsequent infections likely arising from the intestinal tract; and (d) to determine risk factors for progression from colonization to infection. RESULTS Of 794 study patients, 58 (7.3%) had at least 1 positive SSC for P. aeruginosa; 19/58 (32.8%) developed a subsequent pseudomonal infection (11 with matching antimicrobial resistance patterns). On the other hand, 37/736 (5%) of the patients who were not colonized, developed a pseudomonal infection. The type of infection observed was pneumonia in 26 (46%) patients, bloodstream infection in 20 (36%), urinary tract infection in 8 (14%), and infections at other sites in 2 (4%). The incidence of MDR P. aeruginosa in the entire cohort was 2.2% (18 of 794): 12 had positive SSCs and 7 of these patients later developed MDR P. aeruginosa infections. Patients with acute myelogenous leukemia were more likely to be colonized and to develop subsequent infection. No infection-related deaths were observed during the first 30 days after infection. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of P. aeruginosa colonization and subsequent infection was low. Patients who were not colonized had a low chance of developing P. aeruginosa infection. Most patients who developed infection did not have fecal colonization, suggesting a different source of infection. SSCs for P. aeruginosa provide incomplete information regarding the source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nesher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Ariza-Heredia EJ, Gulbis AM, Stolar KR, Kebriaei P, Shah DP, McConn KK, Champlin RE, Chemaly RF. Vaccination guidelines after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: practitioners' knowledge, attitudes, and gap between guidelines and clinical practice. Transpl Infect Dis 2014; 16:878-86. [PMID: 25405922 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients are more susceptible to infections from vaccine-preventable diseases than the general population. Despite the development of international consensus guidelines addressing immunization after HCT, studies have shown that deviations from recommended immunization practices commonly occur. METHODS An anonymous survey aimed at determining awareness of the guidelines and attitudes toward vaccination was distributed to our HCT clinicians. In parallel, we retrospectively evaluated patients' characteristics and post-HCT vaccine administration practices from 2010 to 2013. RESULTS The majority of survey respondents (96%) were familiar with post-HCT vaccination protocols. Seventy-four percent of respondents reported that influenza vaccines were given to >70% of their patients, and 41% stated that they prescribed live vaccines to eligible patients. However, our pharmacy database review revealed that 38% of patients received the first series of vaccinations by the recommended 6 months post HCT, and 60% received them by 1 year after HCT. Most patients who had their vaccines withheld had relapsed disease or were undergoing treatment for graft-versus-host disease. Furthermore, we identified lower immunization rates in non-English speaking individuals, African-Americans, and Hispanic patients. CONCLUSIONS Survey respondents reported being aware of current guidelines; however, adherence to the recommendations varied, likely connected to conflicting data on vaccine effectiveness and a lack of clear recommendations in complex clinical scenarios. Similar to the general population, patient barriers also could have contributed to lower vaccination rates in some cases. To decrease the large gap between the post-HCT vaccination guidelines and clinical practice, further studies on vaccine effectiveness and specific populations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Ariza-Heredia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Dholakia YN, Shah DP. Clinical profile and treatment outcomes of drug-resistant tuberculosis before directly observed treatment strategy plus: Lessons for the program. Lung India 2013; 30:316-20. [PMID: 24339490 PMCID: PMC3841689 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.120608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR TB) before introduction of directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS) plus are infrequently reported. Aims: To study clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of drug-resistant TB patients. Setting: A TB unit in Mumbai. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of DR TB patients attending a TB unit and taking treatment at NGOs was performed. Of the 34 cases, 5 (14%) had mycobacterium other than tuberculosis, 24 were pulmonary TB, 4 extra-pulmonary TB, and one both. Three were HIV-infected, two had diabetes. Two cases were treatment naive. Of the 29 cases studied, 3 (11%) were mono-resistant, 20 (69%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB with E/Z/EZ resistance; 4 were pure MDR TB. One case had XDR TB, 13 (44.8%) had resistance to at least one conventional second-line drug. Seven cases had adverse drug reaction, four requiring drug substitution. Two patients are on treatment; 14 of the remaining 27 (51%) were successfully treated, 5 (18%) died, 2 (7%) failed treatment, 5 (18%) were lost to follow-up, one migrated. Conclusion: DST profiles suggest high levels of drug resistance due to amplification which leads to poor outcomes. There is an urgent need for Indian Revised National TB Control Program to introduce daily DOTS for susceptible cases, DST for all new cases, and scaling up DST for second-line drugs. There is also a need to use individualized treatment for DR TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatin N Dholakia
- The Maharashtra State Anti TB Association, Larsen and Toubro Ltd, Mumbai, India
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14
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Kamble R, Sathaye S, Shah DP. Evaluation of antispasmodic activity of different Shodhit guggul using different shodhan process. Indian J Pharm Sci 2008; 70:368-72. [PMID: 20046749 PMCID: PMC2792506 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.43005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
According to ayurvedic texts shodhan vidhi is an important process which enhances the biological activity of a compound and reduces the toxicity at the same time. Before incorporating into formulations, guggul is processed using Shodhan vidhi involving different shodhan dravyas like gulvel, gomutra, triphala, dashmul. We have evaluated the antispasmodic activity of guggul on ileum of guinea pig and Wistar rats. The animals were sacrificed and ileum tissue of guinea pig and rat was isolated and tested for antispasmodic activity using different spasmogens like acetylcholine, histamine and barium chloride. It was observed that the different shodhit guggul (shudha guggul) i.e. processed using different shodhan vidhi, showed good antispasmodic activity as compared to Ashudha guggul. When acetylcholine was used as spasmogen, gulvel and triphala shodhit guggul showed good antispasmodic activity than other shodhit guggul. Thus shodhan vidhi enhances the therapeutic properties of guggul.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Kamble
- University Institute of Chemical Technology, N. Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, India
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the visual acuity (VA) of patients with and without vitreous loss, while concurrently analyzing the effects of the pre-existing pathologies of glaucoma and diabetes on VA. METHODS A retrospective study on 1013 cataract extractions from 1995 to 1999 was performed. Patients included in this study had intraocular lens implantation during phacoemulsification surgery, no intraoperative complications besides vitreous loss, had no other prior ophthalmic condition other than glaucoma or diabetes, and had a postoperative follow-up interval between one and 4 months. When indicated, vitrectomy was performed concurrently with phacoemulsification following vitreous loss. Patients diagnosed with both glaucoma and diabetes were excluded. The identified subjects were then placed into six groups: (1) patients with uncomplicated surgery; (2) patients with surgery complicated by vitreous loss; (3) glaucoma patients with uncomplicated surgery; (4) glaucoma patients with surgery complicated by vitreous loss; (5) diabetic patients with uncomplicated surgery; and (6) diabetic patients with surgery complicated by vitreous loss. A two-tailed, heteroscedastic t-test and power calculation were performed on the preoperative and postoperative visual acuities of the groups. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the postoperative VA between patients with and without vitreous loss at the time of surgery. Patients with the pre-surgical conditions of diabetes or glaucoma did not display a statistically significant difference in postoperative VA when compared to controls. However, the pre-surgical condition of glaucoma displayed a trend, which showed it may contribute to a poorer postoperative VA (P = 0.072, power = 0.430). CONCLUSIONS Vitreous loss is a risk factor for a decreased postoperative VA. Also while the pre-surgical condition of glaucoma may play a role in decreasing postoperative VA, diabetes does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
Results of the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) potentiated by the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were compared with those of the IAT performed with bovine serum albumin (BSA). This retrospective study, which encompasses 3 years, confirms that use of PEG-IAT increases the rate of detection of clinically significant red cell (RBC) antibodies, decreases the detection of insignificant antibodies, reduces the need to use other serologic enhancement techniques (such as enzyme modification of RBCs), and has a positive impact on the laboratory's workload. These advantages are provided with no diminution in the quality of service provided by the blood bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wenz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
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Patel KC, Shah DP, Sheth SM, Kamat SR. Association of tuberculosis with malignancy. J Postgrad Med 1977; 23:193-6. [PMID: 615268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Shah SS, Doshi HV, Shah DP, Patel ND. Sturge-Weber syndrome. J Indian Med Assoc 1974; 62:352-4. [PMID: 4430841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Solanki SV, Yajnik VH, Shah SS, Shah DP. Longterm clinical study with glibenclamide. J Assoc Physicians India 1973; 21:1-9. [PMID: 4209374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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