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Van Woerkom A, Harney DJ, Nagarajan SR, Hakeem-Sanni MF, Lin J, Hooke M, Pilpitel T, Cooney GJ, Larance M, Saunders DN, Brandon AE, Hoy AJ. Hepatic lipid droplet-associated proteome changes distinguish dietary-induced fatty liver from glucose tolerance in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024. [PMID: 38656127 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00013.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Fatty liver is characterized by the expansion of lipid droplets (LDs) and is associated with the development of many metabolic diseases. We assessed the morphology of hepatic LDs and performed quantitative proteomics in lean, glucose-tolerant mice compared to high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice that displayed hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance as well as high-starch diet (HStD) fed mice who exhibited similar levels of hepatic steatosis but remained glucose tolerant. Both HFD and HStD-fed mice had more and larger LDs than Chow-fed animals. We observed striking differences in liver LD proteomes of HFD and HStD-fed mice compared to Chow-fed mice, with fewer differences between HFD and HStD. Taking advantage of our diet strategy, we identified a fatty liver LD proteome consisting of proteins common in HFD- and HStD-fed mice, as well as a proteome associated with glucose tolerance that included proteins shared in Chow and HStD but not HFD-fed mice. Notably, glucose intolerance was associated with changes in the ratio of adipose triglyceride lipase to perilipin 5 in the LD proteome, suggesting dysregulation of neutral lipid homeostasis in glucose-intolerant fatty liver. We conclude that our novel dietary approach uncouples ectopic lipid burden from insulin resistance-associated changes in the hepatic lipid droplet proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries Van Woerkom
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan J Harney
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shilpa R Nagarajan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mariam F Hakeem-Sanni
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jinfeng Lin
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Hooke
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Pilpitel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darren N Saunders
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perking Centre D17, Univerity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Yau B, Naghiloo S, Diaz-Vegas A, Carr AV, Van Gerwen J, Needham EJ, Jevon D, Chen SY, Hoehn KL, Brandon AE, Macia L, Cooney GJ, Shortreed MR, Smith LM, Keller MP, Thorn P, Larance M, James DE, Humphrey SJ, Kebede MA. Erratum: Proteomic pathways to metabolic disease and type 2 diabetes in the pancreatic islet. iScience 2024; 27:108707. [PMID: 38188515 PMCID: PMC10770518 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103099.].
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Osborne B, Wright LE, Brandon AE, Stuart E, Small L, Hoeks J, Schrauwen P, Sinclair DA, Montgomery MK, Cooney GJ, Turner N. SIRT3 overexpression in rat muscle does not ameliorate peripheral insulin resistance. J Endocrinol 2023:JOE-22-0101. [PMID: 37335200 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Reduced expression of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase, SIRT3, has been associated with insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in humans and rodents. In this study we investigated whether specific overexpression of SIRT3 in vivo in skeletal muscle could prevent HFD-induced muscle insulin resistance. To address this we used a muscle-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV) to overexpress SIRT3 in rat tibialis and EDL muscles. Mitochondrial substrate oxidation, substrate switching and oxidative enzyme activity were assessed in skeletal muscle with and without SIRT3 overexpression. Muscle-specific insulin action was also assessed by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps in rats that underwent a 4-week HFD-feeding protocol. Ex vivo functional assays revealed elevated activity of selected SIRT3-target enzymes including hexokinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase that was associated with an increase in the ability to switch between fatty acid and glucose-derived substrates in muscle with SIRT3 overexpression. However, during the clamp, muscle from rats fed a HFD with increased SIRT3 expression displayed equally impaired glucose uptake and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis as the contralateral control muscle. Intramuscular triglyceride content was similarly increased in muscle of high fat fed rats, regardless of SIRT3 status. Thus, despite SIRT3 KO mouse models indicating many beneficial metabolic roles for SIRT3, our findings show that muscle-specific overexpression of SIRT3 has only minor effects on the acute development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in high fat fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Osborne
- B Osborne, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Lauren E Wright
- L Wright, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- A Brandon, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ella Stuart
- E Stuart, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Lewin Small
- L Small, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Joris Hoeks
- J Hoeks, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- P Schrauwen, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - David A Sinclair
- D Sinclair, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Magdalene K Montgomery
- M Montgomery, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- G Cooney, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- N Turner, Cellular Bioenergetics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
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Brandon AE, Small L, Nguyen TV, Suryana E, Gong H, Yassmin C, Hancock SE, Pulpitel T, Stonehouse S, Prescott L, Kebede MA, Yau B, Quek LE, Kowalski GM, Bruce CR, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Insulin sensitivity is preserved in mice made obese by feeding a high starch diet. eLife 2022; 11:79250. [DOI: 10.7554/elife.79250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is generally associated with insulin resistance in liver and muscle and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, however there is a population of obese people that remain insulin sensitive. Similarly, recent work suggests that mice fed high carbohydrate diets can become obese without apparent glucose intolerance. To investigate this phenomenon further, we fed mice either a high fat (Hi-F) or high starch (Hi-ST) diet and measured adiposity, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and tissue lipids compared to control mice fed a standard laboratory chow. Both Hi-ST and Hi-F mice accumulated a similar amount of fat and tissue triglyceride compared to chow-fed mice. However while Hi-F diet mice developed glucose intolerance as well as liver and muscle insulin resistance (assessed via euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp), obese Hi-ST mice maintained glucose tolerance and insulin action similar to lean, chow-fed controls. This preservation of insulin action despite obesity in Hi-ST mice was associated with differences in de novo lipogenesis and levels of C22:0 ceramide in liver and C18:0 ceramide in muscle. This indicates that dietary manipulation can influence insulin action independently of the level of adiposity and that the presence of specific ceramide species correlate with these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research
| | - Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research
| | - Eurwin Suryana
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research
| | - Henry Gong
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney
| | | | | | - Tamara Pulpitel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney
| | | | | | - Melkam A Kebede
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney
| | - Belinda Yau
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of New South Wales
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Campbell GJ, Lucic Fisher SG, Brandon AE, Senior AM, Bell-Anderson KS. Sex-specific effects of maternal dietary carbohydrate quality on fetal development and offspring metabolic phenotype in mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:917880. [PMID: 35942169 PMCID: PMC9356227 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In utero glycemia is an important determinant of fetal growth. Women with gestational diabetes are more likely to deliver large-for-gestational age babies that are at increased risk for obesity. The maternal nutritional state modulates the development of offspring biological systems during the critical periods of gestation and lactation. Carbohydrate typically contributes most of the dietary energy, however, there are very few mechanistic studies investigating the effects of maternal dietary carbohydrate quality on fetal and offspring outcomes. Therefore, we sought to investigate the direct effects of maternal carbohydrate quality on sex-specific offspring metabolic programming. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were fed one of five isocaloric diets: four high-sugar diets based on glucose, sucrose, isomaltulose or fructose (all containing 60% energy as carbohydrate), or a standard, minimally processed, chow diet, and were mated with chow-fed males. Half of the dams were sacrificed for fetus dissection and placental collection, with the remaining giving live birth. All dams were metabolically profiled before and during pregnancy, and pups were similarly profiled at 12 weeks of age. Results Overall, glucose-fed dams were heavier and fatter than chow or isomaltulose-fed dams. Female fetuses from glucose and isomaltulose-fed mothers weighed less and had smaller livers, than those from chow-fed mothers, with isomaltulose-fed female fetuses also having decreased placental mass. In contrast, male fetuses responded differently to the maternal diets, with heart mass being significantly increased when their mothers were fed fructose-containing diets, that is, sucrose, isomaltulose and fructose. High-sugar fed female offspring weighed the same, but were significantly fatter, than chow-fed offspring at 12 weeks of age, while glucose and isomaltulose-fed male pups displayed a similar phenotype to their mothers’. Conclusion While both glucose and isomaltulose diets constrained fetal growth in females, only placentas from isomaltulose-fed dams were significantly smaller than those from chow-fed mothers, suggesting the mechanisms through which fetal growth is reduced may be different. Female fetuses of isomaltulose-fed mothers were also lighter than sucrose-fed fetuses suggesting the glycemic index, or rate of glucose digestion and absorption, may be an important factor in determining nutrient availability to the growing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Jean Campbell
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie G. Lucic Fisher
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda E. Brandon
- Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair M. Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim S. Bell-Anderson
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kim S. Bell-Anderson,
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Yau B, Naghiloo S, Diaz-Vegas A, Carr AV, Van Gerwen J, Needham EJ, Jevon D, Chen SY, Hoehn KL, Brandon AE, Macia L, Cooney GJ, Shortreed MR, Smith LM, Keller MP, Thorn P, Larance M, James DE, Humphrey SJ, Kebede MA. Proteomic pathways to metabolic disease and type 2 diabetes in the pancreatic islet. iScience 2021; 24:103099. [PMID: 34622154 PMCID: PMC8479695 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are essential for maintaining physiological blood glucose levels, and declining islet function is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. We employ mass spectrometry-based proteomics to systematically analyze islets from 9 genetic or diet-induced mouse models representing a broad cross-section of metabolic health. Quantifying the islet proteome to a depth of >11,500 proteins, this study represents the most detailed analysis of mouse islet proteins to date. Our data highlight that the majority of islet proteins are expressed in all strains and diets, but more than half of the proteins vary in expression levels, principally due to genetics. Associating these varied protein expression levels on an individual animal basis with individual phenotypic measures reveals islet mitochondrial function as a major positive indicator of metabolic health regardless of strain. This compendium of strain-specific and dietary changes to mouse islet proteomes represents a comprehensive resource for basic and translational islet cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Yau
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Sheyda Naghiloo
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Austin V. Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julian Van Gerwen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elise J. Needham
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dillon Jevon
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Sing-Young Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Amanda E. Brandon
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Laurance Macia
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Cooney
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | | | - Lloyd M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter Thorn
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David E. James
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean J. Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melkam A. Kebede
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
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7
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Wali JA, Milner AJ, Luk AWS, Pulpitel TJ, Dodgson T, Facey HJW, Wahl D, Kebede MA, Senior AM, Sullivan MA, Brandon AE, Yau B, Lockwood GP, Koay YC, Ribeiro R, Solon-Biet SM, Bell-Anderson KS, O'Sullivan JF, Macia L, Forbes JM, Cooney GJ, Cogger VC, Holmes A, Raubenheimer D, Le Couteur DG, Simpson SJ. Impact of dietary carbohydrate type and protein-carbohydrate interaction on metabolic health. Nat Metab 2021; 3:810-828. [PMID: 34099926 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced protein intake, through dilution with carbohydrate, extends lifespan and improves mid-life metabolic health in animal models. However, with transition to industrialised food systems, reduced dietary protein is associated with poor health outcomes in humans. Here we systematically interrogate the impact of carbohydrate quality in diets with varying carbohydrate and protein content. Studying 700 male mice on 33 isocaloric diets, we find that the type of carbohydrate and its digestibility profoundly shape the behavioural and physiological responses to protein dilution, modulate nutrient processing in the liver and alter the gut microbiota. Low (10%)-protein, high (70%)-carbohydrate diets promote the healthiest metabolic outcomes when carbohydrate comprises resistant starch (RS), yet the worst outcomes were with a 50:50 mixture of monosaccharides fructose and glucose. Our findings could explain the disparity between healthy, high-carbohydrate diets and the obesogenic impact of protein dilution by glucose-fructose mixtures associated with highly processed diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran A Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- The University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Annabelle J Milner
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison W S Luk
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara J Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Dodgson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harrison J W Facey
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melkam A Kebede
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda Yau
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glen P Lockwood
- The University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosilene Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim S Bell-Anderson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F O'Sullivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Wali JA, Solon-Biet SM, Freire T, Brandon AE. Macronutrient Determinants of Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Health. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:336. [PMID: 33923531 PMCID: PMC8072595 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity caused by the overconsumption of calories has increased to epidemic proportions. Insulin resistance is often associated with an increased adiposity and is a precipitating factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and altered metabolic health. Of the various factors contributing to metabolic impairments, nutrition is the major modifiable factor that can be targeted to counter the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases. However, the macronutrient composition of a nutritionally balanced "healthy diet" are unclear, and so far, no tested dietary intervention has been successful in achieving long-term compliance and reductions in body weight and associated beneficial health outcomes. In the current review, we briefly describe the role of the three major macronutrients, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and their role in metabolic health, and provide mechanistic insights. We also discuss how an integrated multi-dimensional approach to nutritional science could help in reconciling apparently conflicting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran A. Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Samantha M. Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Therese Freire
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amanda E. Brandon
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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9
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Brunner JS, Vogel A, Lercher A, Caldera M, Korosec A, Pühringer M, Hofmann M, Hajto A, Kieler M, Garrido LQ, Kerndl M, Kuttke M, Mesteri I, Górna MW, Kulik M, Dominiak PM, Brandon AE, Estevez E, Egan CL, Gruber F, Schweiger M, Menche J, Bergthaler A, Weichhart T, Klavins K, Febbraio MA, Sharif O, Schabbauer G. The PI3K pathway preserves metabolic health through MARCO-dependent lipid uptake by adipose tissue macrophages. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1427-1442. [PMID: 33199895 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) display tremendous heterogeneity depending on signals in their local microenvironment and contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway, antagonized by the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), is important for metabolic responses to obesity. We hypothesized that fluctuations in macrophage-intrinsic PI3K activity via PTEN could alter the trajectory of metabolic disease by driving distinct ATM populations. Using mice harbouring macrophage-specific PTEN deletion or bone marrow chimeras carrying additional PTEN copies, we demonstrate that sustained PI3K activity in macrophages preserves metabolic health in obesity by preventing lipotoxicity. Myeloid PI3K signalling promotes a beneficial ATM population characterized by lipid uptake, catabolism and high expression of the scavenger macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). Dual MARCO and myeloid PTEN deficiencies prevent the generation of lipid-buffering ATMs, reversing the beneficial actions of elevated myeloid PI3K activity in metabolic disease. Thus, macrophage-intrinsic PI3K signalling boosts metabolic health by driving ATM programmes associated with MARCO-dependent lipid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Brunner
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Vogel
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Korosec
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Pühringer
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Hofmann
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Hajto
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kieler
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Quemada Garrido
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Kerndl
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Kuttke
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maria W Górna
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kulik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina M Dominiak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Insulin Action and Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Estevez
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Casey L Egan
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florian Gruber
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Omar Sharif
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Alexopoulos SJ, Chen SY, Brandon AE, Salamoun JM, Byrne FL, Garcia CJ, Beretta M, Olzomer EM, Shah DP, Philp AM, Hargett SR, Lawrence RT, Lee B, Sligar J, Carrive P, Tucker SP, Philp A, Lackner C, Turner N, Cooney GJ, Santos WL, Hoehn KL. Mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 reverses diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2397. [PMID: 32409697 PMCID: PMC7224297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a health problem affecting more than 40% of US adults and 13% of the global population. Anti-obesity treatments including diet, exercise, surgery and pharmacotherapies have so far failed to reverse obesity incidence. Herein, we target obesity with a pharmacotherapeutic approach that decreases caloric efficiency by mitochondrial uncoupling. We show that a recently identified mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 is orally bioavailable, increases nutrient oxidation, and decreases body fat mass without altering food intake, lean body mass, body temperature, or biochemical and haematological markers of toxicity. BAM15 decreases hepatic fat, decreases inflammatory lipids, and has strong antioxidant effects. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies show that BAM15 improves insulin sensitivity in multiple tissue types. Collectively, these data demonstrate that pharmacologic mitochondrial uncoupling with BAM15 has powerful anti-obesity and insulin sensitizing effects without compromising lean mass or affecting food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ashleigh M Philp
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Robert T Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - James Sligar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Pascal Carrive
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Simon P Tucker
- Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia
| | - Andrew Philp
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia.
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia.
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11
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Freire T, Senior AM, Perks R, Pulpitel T, Clark X, Brandon AE, Wahl D, Hatchwell L, Le Couteur DG, Cooney GJ, Larance M, Simpson SJ, Solon-Biet SM. Sex-specific metabolic responses to 6 hours of fasting during the active phase in young mice. J Physiol 2020; 598:2081-2092. [PMID: 32198893 DOI: 10.1113/jp278806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Night time/active phase food restriction for 6 h impaired glucose intolerance in young male and female mice. Females displayed increased capacity for lipogenesis and triglyceride storage in response to a short daily fast. Females had lower fasting insulin levels and an increased potential for utilizing fat for energy through β-oxidation compared to males. The need for the inclusion of both sexes, and the treatment of sex as an independent variable, is emphasized within the context of this fasting regime. ABSTRACT There is growing interest in understanding the mechanistic significance and benefits of fasting physiology in combating obesity. Increasing the fasting phase of a normal day can promote restoration and repair mechanisms that occur during the post-absorptive period. Most studies exploring the effect of restricting food access on mitigating obesity have done so with a large bias towards the use of male mice. Here, we disentangle the roles of sex, food intake and food withdrawal in the response to a short-term daily fasting intervention, in which food was removed for 6 h in the dark/active phase of young, 8-week-old mice. We showed that the removal of food during the dark phase impaired glucose tolerance in males and females, possibly due to the circadian disruption induced by this feeding protocol. Although both sexes demonstrated similar patterns of food intake, body composition and various metabolic markers, there were clear sex differences in the magnitude and extent of these responses. While females displayed enhanced capacity for lipogenesis and triglyceride storage, they also had low fasting insulin levels and an increased potential for utilizing available energy sources such as fat for energy through β-oxidation. Our results highlight the intrinsic biological and metabolic disparities between male and female mice, emphasizing the growing need for the inclusion of both sexes in scientific research. Furthermore, our results illustrate sex-specific metabolic pathways that regulate lipogenesis, obesity and overall metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Freire
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruth Perks
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamara Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ximonie Clark
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke Hatchwell
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Montgomery MK, Osborne B, Brandon AE, O'Reilly L, Fiveash CE, Brown SHJ, Wilkins BP, Samsudeen A, Yu J, Devanapalli B, Hertzog A, Tolun AA, Kavanagh T, Cooper AA, Mitchell TW, Biden TJ, Smith NJ, Cooney GJ, Turner N. Regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in murine skeletal muscle by the medium-chain fatty acid receptor Gpr84. FASEB J 2019; 33:12264-12276. [PMID: 31415180 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900234r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid receptors have been recognized as important players in glycaemic control. This study is the first to describe a role for the medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) receptor G-protein-coupled receptor (Gpr) 84 in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and insulin secretion. We are able to show that Gpr84 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Mice with global deletion of Gpr84 [Gpr84 knockout (KO)] exhibit a mild impairment in glucose tolerance when fed a MCFA-enriched diet. Studies in mice and pancreatic islets suggest that glucose intolerance is accompanied by a defect in insulin secretion. MCFA-fed KO mice also exhibit a significant impairment in the intrinsic respiratory capacity of their skeletal muscle mitochondria, but at the same time also exhibit a substantial increase in mitochondrial content. Changes in canonical pathways of mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover are unable to explain these mitochondrial differences. Our results show that Gpr84 plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial function and quality control.-Montgomery, M. K., Osborne, B., Brandon, A. E., O'Reilly, L., Fiveash, C. E., Brown, S. H. J., Wilkins, B. P., Samsudeen, A., Yu, J., Devanapalli, B., Hertzog, A., Tolun, A. A., Kavanagh, T., Cooper, A. A., Mitchell, T. W., Biden, T. J., Smith, N. J., Cooney, G. J., Turner, N. Regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in murine skeletal muscle by the medium-chain fatty acid receptor Gpr84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brenna Osborne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Liam O'Reilly
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Corrine E Fiveash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon H J Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendan P Wilkins
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Azrah Samsudeen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josephine Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Beena Devanapalli
- New South Wales (NSW) Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashley Hertzog
- New South Wales (NSW) Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adviye A Tolun
- New South Wales (NSW) Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Genomic Medicine, and Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tomas Kavanagh
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antony A Cooper
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor J Biden
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola J Smith
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Pulpitel T, Wahl D, Clark X, Bagley E, Gregoriou GC, Senior AM, Wang QP, Brandon AE, Perks R, O’Sullivan J, Koay YC, Bell-Anderson K, Kebede M, Yau B, Atkinson C, Svineng G, Dodgson T, Wali JA, Piper MDW, Juricic P, Partridge L, Rose AJ, Raubenheimer D, Cooney GJ, Le Couteur DG, Simpson SJ. Branched chain amino acids impact health and lifespan indirectly via amino acid balance and appetite control. Nat Metab 2019; 1:532-545. [PMID: 31656947 PMCID: PMC6814438 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with obesity and insulin resistance. How long-term dietary BCAAs impact late-life health and lifespan is unknown. Here, we show that when dietary BCAAs are varied against a fixed, isocaloric macronutrient background, long-term exposure to high BCAA diets leads to hyperphagia, obesity and reduced lifespan. These effects are not due to elevated BCAA per se or hepatic mTOR activation, but rather due to a shift in the relative quantity of dietary BCAAs and other AAs, notably tryptophan and threonine. Increasing the ratio of BCAAs to these AAs resulted in hyperphagia and is associated with central serotonin depletion. Preventing hyperphagia by calorie restriction or pair-feeding averts the health costs of a high BCAA diet. Our data highlight a role for amino acid quality in energy balance and show that health costs of chronic high BCAA intakes need not be due to intrinsic toxicity but, rather, a consequence of hyperphagia driven by AA imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Concord NSW, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Tamara Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Concord NSW, Australia
| | - Ximonie Clark
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elena Bagley
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Gabrielle C Gregoriou
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Ruth Perks
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - John O’Sullivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim Bell-Anderson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melkam Kebede
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda Yau
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare Atkinson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Timothy Dodgson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jibran A Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Paula Juricic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Adam J Rose
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University VIC, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Concord NSW, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Small L, Brandon AE, Parker BL, Deshpande V, Samsudeen AF, Kowalski GM, Reznick J, Wilks DL, Preston E, Bruce CR, James DE, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Reduced insulin action in muscle of high fat diet rats over the diurnal cycle is not associated with defective insulin signaling. Mol Metab 2019; 25:107-118. [PMID: 31029696 PMCID: PMC6600078 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Energy metabolism and insulin action follow a diurnal rhythm. It is therefore important that investigations into dysregulation of these pathways are relevant to the physiology of this diurnal rhythm. Methods We examined glucose uptake, markers of insulin action, and the phosphorylation of insulin signaling intermediates in muscle of chow and high fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet-fed rats over the normal diurnal cycle. Results HFHS animals displayed hyperinsulinemia but had reduced systemic glucose disposal and lower muscle glucose uptake during the feeding period. Analysis of gene expression, enzyme activity, protein abundance and phosphorylation revealed a clear diurnal regulation of substrate oxidation pathways with no difference in Akt signaling in muscle. Transfection of a constitutively active Akt2 into the muscle of HFHS rats did not rescue diet-induced reductions in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Conclusions These studies suggest that reduced glucose uptake in muscle during the diurnal cycle induced by short-term HFHS-feeding is not the result of reduced insulin signaling. Investigating metabolism in rodents over the diurnal cycle more accurately models normal animal physiology. Diurnal regulation of substrate oxidation is altered in muscle of HFHS-fed rats. There is a disconnect between glucose uptake and canonical insulin signaling in muscle. Activation of Akt2 does not rescue diet-induced reductions in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Medical Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vinita Deshpande
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Azrah F Samsudeen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jane Reznick
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Donna L Wilks
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elaine Preston
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Geelong, Australia
| | - David E James
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Medical Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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15
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Brandon AE, Liao BM, Diakanastasis B, Parker BL, Raddatz K, McManus SA, O'Reilly L, Kimber E, van der Kraan AG, Hancock D, Henstridge DC, Meikle PJ, Cooney GJ, James DE, Reibe S, Febbraio MA, Biden TJ, Schmitz-Peiffer C. Protein Kinase C Epsilon Deletion in Adipose Tissue, but Not in Liver, Improves Glucose Tolerance. Cell Metab 2019; 29:183-191.e7. [PMID: 30318338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCɛ) activation in the liver is proposed to inhibit insulin action through phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Here, however, we demonstrated that global, but not liver-specific, deletion of PKCɛ in mice protected against diet-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Furthermore, PKCɛ-dependent alterations in insulin receptor phosphorylation were not detected. Adipose-tissue-specific knockout mice did exhibit improved glucose tolerance, but phosphoproteomics revealed no PKCɛ-dependent effect on the activation of insulin signaling pathways. Altered phosphorylation of adipocyte proteins associated with cell junctions and endosomes was associated with changes in hepatic expression of several genes linked to glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The primary effect of PKCɛ on glucose homeostasis is, therefore, not exerted directly in the liver as currently posited, and PKCɛ activation in this tissue should be interpreted with caution. However, PKCɛ activity in adipose tissue modulates glucose tolerance and is involved in crosstalk with the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bing M Liao
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Barbara Diakanastasis
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Katy Raddatz
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sophie A McManus
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Liam O'Reilly
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Erica Kimber
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | | | - Dale Hancock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Saskia Reibe
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Trevor J Biden
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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16
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Small L, Gong H, Yassmin C, Cooney GJ, Brandon AE. Thermoneutral housing does not influence fat mass or glucose homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:313-324. [PMID: 30400016 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One major factor affecting physiology often overlooked when comparing data from animal models and humans is the effect of ambient temperature. The majority of rodent housing is maintained at ~22°C, the thermoneutral temperature for lightly clothed humans. However, mice have a much higher thermoneutral temperature of ~30°C, consequently data collected at 22°C in mice could be influenced by animals being exposed to a chronic cold stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of housing temperature on glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism of mice fed normal chow or a high-fat, obesogenic diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J(Arc) mice were housed at standard temperature (22°C) or at thermoneutrality (29°C) and fed either chow or a 60% HFD for 13 weeks. The HFD increased fat mass and produced glucose intolerance as expected but this was not exacerbated in mice housed at thermoneutrality. Changing the ambient temperature, however, did alter energy expenditure, food intake, lipid content and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver and brown adipose tissue. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that mice regulate energy balance at different housing temperatures to maintain whole-body glucose tolerance and adiposity irrespective of the diet. Despite this, metabolic differences in individual tissues were apparent. In conclusion, dietary intervention in mice has a greater impact on adiposity and glucose metabolism than housing temperature although temperature is still a significant factor in regulating metabolic parameters in individual tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Henry Gong
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christian Yassmin
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Bakshi I, Brown SHJ, Brandon AE, Suryana E, Mitchell TW, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Increasing Acyl CoA thioesterase activity alters phospholipid profile without effect on insulin action in skeletal muscle of rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13967. [PMID: 30228369 PMCID: PMC6143561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased lipid metabolism in muscle is associated with insulin resistance and therefore, many strategies have been employed to alter fatty acid metabolism and study the impact on insulin action. Metabolism of fatty acid requires activation to fatty acyl CoA by Acyl CoA synthases (ACSL) and fatty acyl CoA can be hydrolysed by Acyl CoA thioesterases (Acot). Thioesterase activity is low in muscle, so we overexpressed Acot7 in muscle of chow and high-fat diet (HFD) rats and investigated effects on insulin action. Acot7 overexpression modified specific phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine species in tibialis muscle of chow rats to levels similar to those observed in control HFD muscle. The changes in phospholipid species did not alter glucose uptake in tibialis muscle under hyperinsulinaemic/euglycaemic clamped conditions. Acot7 overexpression in white extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle increased complete fatty acid oxidation ex-vivo but was not associated with any changes in glucose uptake in-vivo, however overexpression of Acot7 in red EDL reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in-vivo which correlated with increased incomplete fatty acid oxidation ex-vivo. In summary, although overexpression of Acot7 in muscle altered some aspects of lipid profile and metabolism in muscle, this had no major effect on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Bakshi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon H J Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eurwin Suryana
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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18
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Small L, Brandon AE, Quek LE, Krycer JR, James DE, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Acute activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase increases glucose oxidation in muscle without changing glucose uptake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E258-E266. [PMID: 29406780 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00386.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity is a key component of the glucose/fatty acid cycle hypothesis for the regulation of glucose uptake and metabolism. We have investigated whether acute activation of PDH in muscle can alleviate the insulin resistance caused by feeding animals a high-fat diet (HFD). The importance of PDH activity in muscle glucose disposal under insulin-stimulated conditions was determined by infusing the PDH kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) into HFD-fed Wistar rats during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Acute DCA infusion did not alter glucose infusion rate, glucose disappearance, or hepatic glucose production but did decrease plasma lactate levels. DCA substantially increased muscle PDH activity; however, this did not improve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle of HFD rats. DCA infusion increased the flux of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and reduced glucose incorporation into glycogen and alanine in muscle. Similarly, in isolated muscle, DCA treatment increased glucose oxidation and decreased glycogen synthesis without changing glucose uptake. These results suggest that, although PDH activity controls the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for oxidation, this has little effect on glucose uptake into muscle under insulin-stimulated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
- School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
- School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
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19
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Bakshi I, Suryana E, Small L, Quek LE, Brandon AE, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Fructose bisphosphatase 2 overexpression increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:101-111. [PMID: 29507044 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major tissue for glucose metabolism and can store glucose as glycogen, convert glucose to lactate via glycolysis and fully oxidise glucose to CO2 Muscle has a limited capacity for gluconeogenesis but can convert lactate and alanine to glycogen. Gluconeogenesis requires FBP2, a muscle-specific form of fructose bisphosphatase that converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-bisP) to fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) opposing the activity of the ATP-consuming enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK). In mammalian muscle, the activity of PFK is normally 100 times higher than FBP2 and therefore energy wasting cycling between PFK and FBP2 is low. In an attempt to increase substrate cycling between F-6-P and F-1,6-bisP and alter glucose metabolism, we overexpressed FBP2 using a muscle-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV-tMCK-FBP2). AAV was injected into the right tibialis muscle of rats, while the control contralateral left tibialis received a saline injection. Rats were fed a chow or 45% fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks after which, hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps were performed. Infection of the right tibialis with AAV-tMCK-FBP2 increased FBP2 activity 10 fold on average in chow and HFD rats (P < 0.0001). Overexpression of FBP2 significantly increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in tibialis of chow animals (control 14.3 ± 1.7; FBP2 17.6 ± 1.6 µmol/min/100 g) and HFD animals (control 9.6 ± 1.1; FBP2 11.2 ± 1.1µmol/min/100 g). The results suggest that increasing the capacity for cycling between F-1,6-bisP and F-6-P can increase the metabolism of glucose by introducing a futile cycle in muscle, but this increase is not sufficient to overcome muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Bakshi
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eurwin Suryana
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Holt LJ, Brandon AE, Small L, Suryana E, Preston E, Wilks D, Mokbel N, Coles CA, White JD, Turner N, Daly RJ, Cooney GJ. Ablation of Grb10 Specifically in Muscle Impacts Muscle Size and Glucose Metabolism in Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1339-1351. [PMID: 29370381 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Grb10 is an adaptor-type signaling protein most highly expressed in tissues involved in insulin action and glucose metabolism, such as muscle, pancreas, and adipose. Germline deletion of Grb10 in mice creates a phenotype with larger muscles and improved glucose homeostasis. However, it has not been determined whether Grb10 ablation specifically in muscle is sufficient to induce hypermuscularity or affect whole body glucose metabolism. In this study we generated muscle-specific Grb10-deficient mice (Grb10-mKO) by crossing Grb10flox/flox mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase under control of the human α-skeletal actin promoter. One-year-old Grb10-mKO mice had enlarged muscles, with greater cross-sectional area of fibers compared with wild-type (WT) mice. This degree of hypermuscularity did not affect whole body glucose homeostasis under basal conditions. However, hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp studies revealed that Grb10-mKO mice had greater glucose uptake into muscles compared with WT mice. Insulin signaling was increased at the level of phospho-Akt in muscle of Grb10-mKO mice compared with WT mice, consistent with a role of Grb10 as a modulator of proximal insulin receptor signaling. We conclude that ablation of Grb10 in muscle is sufficient to affect muscle size and metabolism, supporting an important role for this protein in growth and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowenna J Holt
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eurwin Suryana
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elaine Preston
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donna Wilks
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nancy Mokbel
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chantal A Coles
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason D White
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Small L, Brandon AE, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Modeling insulin resistance in rodents by alterations in diet: what have high-fat and high-calorie diets revealed? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E251-E265. [PMID: 29118016 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00337.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
For over half a century, researchers have been feeding different diets to rodents to examine the effects of macronutrients on whole body and tissue insulin action. During this period, the number of different diets and the source of macronutrients employed have grown dramatically. Because of the large heterogeneity in both the source and percentage of different macronutrients used for studies, it is not surprising that different high-calorie diets do not produce the same changes in insulin action. Despite this, diverse high-calorie diets continue to be employed in an attempt to generate a "generic" insulin resistance. The high-fat diet in particular varies greatly between studies with regard to the source, complexity, and ratio of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and protein. This review examines the range of rodent dietary models and methods for assessing insulin action. In almost all studies reviewed, rodents fed diets that had more than 45% of dietary energy as fat or simple carbohydrates had reduced whole body insulin action compared with chow. However, different high-calorie diets produced significantly different effects in liver, muscle, and whole body insulin action when insulin action was measured by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp method. Rodent dietary models remain an important tool for exploring potential mechanisms of insulin resistance, but more attention needs to be given to the total macronutrient content and composition when interpreting dietary effects on insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
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22
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Nagarajan SR, Brandon AE, McKenna JA, Shtein HC, Nguyen TQ, Suryana E, Poronnik P, Cooney GJ, Saunders DN, Hoy AJ. Correction: Insulin and diet-induced changes in the ubiquitin-modified proteome of rat liver. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184610. [PMID: 28886158 PMCID: PMC5590999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Turner AJ, Brown RD, Brandon AE, Persson AEG, Gibson KJ. Tubuloglomerular feedback responses in offspring of dexamethasone-treated ewes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F864-F873. [PMID: 28679594 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00538.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Via developmental programming, prenatal perturbations, such as exposure to glucocorticoids and maternal malnutrition alter kidney development and contribute to the development of hypertension. To examine the possibility that alterations in tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) contribute to the development of hypertension in offspring following maternal dexamethasone treatment (Dex) in early gestation, studies were conducted in fetal sheep and lambs. Pregnant ewes were infused with dexamethasone (0.48 mg/h) at 26-28 days gestation. No differences were observed in mean arterial pressure, glomerular filtration rate. or electrolyte excretion rates between the Dex and Untreated fetuses or lambs. Gestational exposure to Dex markedly enhanced TGF sensitivity, as the turning point in Dex-treated fetuses was significantly lower (12.9 ± 0.9 nl/min; P < 0.05) compared with Untreated fetuses (17.0 ± 1.0 nl/min). This resetting of TGF sensitivity persisted after birth (P < 0.01). TGF reactivity did not differ between the groups in fetuses or lambs. In response to nitric oxide inhibition, TGF sensitivity increased (the turning point decreased) and reactivity increased in Untreated fetuses and lambs, but these effects were blunted in the Dex-treated fetuses and lambs. Our data suggest that an altered TGF response may be an underlying renal mechanism contributing to the development of hypertension in the Dex model of fetal programming. The lower tonic level of NO production in these dexamethasone-exposed offspring may contribute to the development of hypertension as adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita J Turner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; .,Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - Russell D Brown
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; and.,Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - A Erik G Persson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; and.,Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karen J Gibson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; and
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24
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Nagarajan SR, Brandon AE, McKenna JA, Shtein HC, Nguyen TQ, Suryana E, Poronnik P, Cooney GJ, Saunders DN, Hoy AJ. Insulin and diet-induced changes in the ubiquitin-modified proteome of rat liver. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174431. [PMID: 28329008 PMCID: PMC5362237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a crucial post-translational modification regulating numerous cellular processes, but its role in metabolic disease is not well characterized. In this study, we identified the in vivo ubiquitin-modified proteome in rat liver and determined changes in this ubiquitome under acute insulin stimulation and high-fat and sucrose diet-induced insulin resistance. We identified 1267 ubiquitinated proteins in rat liver across diet and insulin-stimulated conditions, with 882 proteins common to all conditions. KEGG pathway analysis of these proteins identified enrichment of metabolic pathways, TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and carbon metabolism, with similar pathways altered by diet and insulin resistance. Thus, the rat liver ubiquitome is sensitive to diet and insulin stimulation and this is perturbed in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa R. Nagarajan
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda E. Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessie A. McKenna
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Harrison C. Shtein
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thinh Q. Nguyen
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eurwin Suryana
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Poronnik
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren N. Saunders
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail: (AJH); (DNS)
| | - Andrew J. Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail: (AJH); (DNS)
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25
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Brandon AE, Stuart E, Leslie SJ, Hoehn KL, James DE, Kraegen EW, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2-/- mice. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:127-34. [PMID: 26668208 PMCID: PMC4906541 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12-16 weeks). The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. At 42-54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2(-/-) mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. Consistent with younger Acc2(-/-) mice, aged Acc2(-/-) mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2(-/-) mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. Housing Acc2(-/-) mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. These results confirm that manipulation of Acc2 may alter FAO in mice, but this has little impact on body composition or insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, AustraliaSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, AustraliaSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ella Stuart
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, AustraliaSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon J Leslie
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, AustraliaSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, AustraliaSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David E James
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, AustraliaSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edward W Kraegen
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, AustraliaSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, AustraliaSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, AustraliaSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, AustraliaSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, AustraliaSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical SchoolCharles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hocking SL, Stewart RL, Brandon AE, Suryana E, Stuart E, Baldwin EM, Kolumam GA, Modrusan Z, Junutula JR, Gunton JE, Medynskyj M, Blaber SP, Karsten E, Herbert BR, James DE, Cooney GJ, Swarbrick MM. Subcutaneous fat transplantation alleviates diet-induced glucose intolerance and inflammation in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1587-600. [PMID: 25899451 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Adipose tissue (AT) distribution is a major determinant of mortality and morbidity in obesity. In mice, intra-abdominal transplantation of subcutaneous AT (SAT) protects against glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. METHODS We investigated changes in adipokines, tissue-specific glucose uptake, gene expression and systemic inflammation in male C57BL6/J mice implanted intra-abdominally with either inguinal SAT or epididymal visceral AT (VAT) and fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for up to 17 weeks. RESULTS Glucose tolerance was improved in mice receiving SAT after 6 weeks, and this was not attributable to differences in adiposity, tissue-specific glucose uptake, or plasma leptin or adiponectin concentrations. Instead, SAT transplantation prevented HFD-induced hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and normalised the expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes. Grafted fat displayed a significant increase in glucose uptake and unexpectedly, an induction of skeletal muscle-specific gene expression. Mice receiving subcutaneous fat also displayed a marked reduction in the plasma concentrations of several proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17, IL-12p70, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1] and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β [ΜIP-1β]), compared with sham-operated mice. Plasma IL-17 and MIP-1β concentrations were reduced from as early as 4 weeks after transplantation, and differences in plasma TNF-α and IL-17 concentrations predicted glucose tolerance and insulinaemia in the entire cohort of mice (n = 40). In contrast, mice receiving visceral fat transplants were glucose intolerant, with increased hepatic triacylglycerol content and elevated plasma IL-6 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Intra-abdominal transplantation of subcutaneous fat reverses HFD-induced glucose intolerance, hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and systemic inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Hocking
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, 2010, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Stöckli J, Meoli CC, Hoffman NJ, Fazakerley DJ, Pant H, Cleasby ME, Ma X, Kleinert M, Brandon AE, Lopez JA, Cooney GJ, James DE. The RabGAP TBC1D1 plays a central role in exercise-regulated glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. Diabetes 2015; 64:1914-22. [PMID: 25576050 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin and exercise stimulate glucose uptake into skeletal muscle via different pathways. Both stimuli converge on the translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface. Two Rab guanosine triphosphatases-activating proteins (GAPs) have been implicated in this process: AS160 for insulin stimulation and its homolog, TBC1D1, are suggested to regulate exercise-mediated glucose uptake into muscle. TBC1D1 has also been implicated in obesity in humans and mice. We investigated the role of TBC1D1 in glucose metabolism by generating TBC1D1(-/-) mice and analyzing body weight, insulin action, and exercise. TBC1D1(-/-) mice showed normal glucose and insulin tolerance, with no difference in body weight compared with wild-type littermates. GLUT4 protein levels were reduced by ∼40% in white TBC1D1(-/-) muscle, and TBC1D1(-/-) mice showed impaired exercise endurance together with impaired exercise-mediated 2-deoxyglucose uptake into white but not red muscles. These findings indicate that the RabGAP TBC1D1 plays a key role in regulating GLUT4 protein levels and in exercise-mediated glucose uptake in nonoxidative muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Stöckli
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher C Meoli
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nolan J Hoffman
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Himani Pant
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark E Cleasby
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, U.K
| | - Xiuquan Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie A Lopez
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Brandon AE, Tid-Ang J, Wright LE, Stuart E, Suryana E, Bentley N, Turner N, Cooney GJ, Ruderman NB, Kraegen EW. Overexpression of SIRT1 in rat skeletal muscle does not alter glucose induced insulin resistance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121959. [PMID: 25798922 PMCID: PMC4370576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase thought to regulate cellular metabolic pathways in response to alterations in nutrient flux. In the current study we investigated whether acute changes in SIRT1 expression affect markers of muscle mitochondrial content and also determined whether SIRT1 influenced muscle insulin resistance induced by acute glucose oversupply. In male Wistar rats either SIRT1 or a deacetylase inactive mutant form (H363Y) was electroprated into the tibialis cranialis (TC) muscle. The other leg was electroporated with an empty control vector. One week later, glucose was infused and hyperglycaemia was maintained at ~11mM. After 5 hours, 11mM glucose induced significant insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, overexpression of either SIRT1 or SIRT1 (H363Y) for 1 week did not change markers of mitochondrial content or function. SIRT1 or SIRT1 (H363Y) overexpression had no effect on the reduction in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in muscle in response to hyperglycemia. Therefore we conclude that acute increases in SIRT1 protein have little impact on mitochondrial content and that overexpressing SIRT1 does not prevent the development of insulin resistance during hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tid-Ang
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Lauren E Wright
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ella Stuart
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Eurwin Suryana
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | | | - Nigel Turner
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neil B Ruderman
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edward W Kraegen
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Hocking SL, Stewart RL, Brandon AE, Suryana E, Baldwin EM, Kolumam GA, Medynskyj M, Blaber SP, Karsten E, Herbert BR, Cooney GJ, Swarbrick MM. Subcutaneous fat transplantation alleviates diet-induced glucose intolerance and inflammation in mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Boden MJ, Brandon AE, Tid-Ang JD, Preston E, Wilks D, Stuart E, Cleasby ME, Turner N, Cooney GJ, Kraegen EW. Overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E798-805. [PMID: 22829583 PMCID: PMC3468429 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00577.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species have been suggested to play a causative role in some forms of muscle insulin resistance. However, the extent of their involvement in the development of diet-induced insulin resistance remains unclear. To investigate, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a key mitochondrial-specific enzyme with antioxidant modality, was overexpressed, and the effect on in vivo muscle insulin resistance induced by a high-fat (HF) diet in rats was evaluated. Male Wistar rats were maintained on chow or HF diet. After 3 wk, in vivo electroporation (IVE) of MnSOD expression and empty vectors was undertaken in right and left tibialis cranialis (TC) muscles, respectively. After one more week, insulin action was evaluated using hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and tissues were subsequently analyzed for antioxidant enzyme capacity and markers of oxidative stress. MnSOD mRNA was overexpressed 4.5-fold, and protein levels were increased by 70%, with protein detected primarily in the mitochondrial fraction of muscle fibers. This was associated with elevated MnSOD and glutathione peroxidase activity, indicating that the overexpressed MnSOD was functionally active. The HF diet significantly reduced whole body and TC muscle insulin action, whereas overexpression of MnSOD in HF diet animals ameliorated this reduction in TC muscle glucose uptake by 50% (P < 0.05). Decreased protein carbonylation was seen in MnSOD overexpressing TC muscle in HF-treated animals (20% vs. contralateral control leg, P < 0.05), suggesting that this effect was mediated through an altered redox state. Thus interventions causing elevation of mitochondrial antioxidant activity may offer protection against diet-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Boden
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia 2010
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Brandon AE, Boyce AC, Lumbers ER, Kumarasamy V, Gibson KJ. Programming of the renin response to haemorrhage by mild maternal renal impairment in sheep. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:102-8. [PMID: 21182536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the renin response to mechanisms activated by haemorrhage is programmed by exposure to maternal renal dysfunction. 2. In 26-27-day-old lambs born to ewes that had reduced renal function (STNxL, n=10) and lambs born to ewes with normal renal function (ConL, n=6), 1.6 mL/kg per min of blood was removed over 10 min. 3. Under basal conditions, the STNxL group had increased mean arterial pressure (P < 0.05). In response to haemorrhage, mean arterial pressure decreased in the STNxL group (P < 0.001), but there was no significant change in the ConL group. 4. Although plasma renin level increased in both groups (P < 0.05), the peak response was reduced and delayed in the STNxL group. In contrast, the rise in arginine vasopressin (AVP) level was similar in both groups and occurred over the same time course. At 24 h, both plasma renin and AVP level were the same as those measured before haemorrhage in both groups. Kidney renin level was similar in the two groups. 5. The attenuated renin response to haemorrhage in the STNxL group might explain the inability to maintain arterial pressure after haemorrhage. The results of the present study suggest that the renin response of the postnatal kidney to reductions in blood volume can be affected by the intrauterine environment. If these changes persist into adulthood, it suggests that permanent programming has occurred. Thus, the ability of an individual to respond to acute severe reductions in blood volume might be determined during intrauterine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Brandon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Wright LE, Brandon AE, Hoy AJ, Forsberg GB, Lelliott CJ, Reznick J, Löfgren L, Oscarsson J, Strömstedt M, Cooney GJ, Turner N. Amelioration of lipid-induced insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle by overexpression of Pgc-1β involves reductions in long-chain acyl-CoA levels and oxidative stress. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1417-26. [PMID: 21331471 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS To determine if acute overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta (Pgc-1β [also known as Ppargc1b]) in skeletal muscle improves insulin action in a rodent model of diet-induced insulin resistance. METHODS Rats were fed either a low-fat or high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. In vivo electroporation was used to overexpress Pgc-1β in the tibialis cranialis (TC) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Downstream effects of Pgc-1β on markers of mitochondrial oxidative capacity, oxidative stress and muscle lipid levels were characterised. Insulin action was examined ex vivo using intact muscle strips and in vivo via a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. RESULTS Pgc-1β gene expression was increased >100% over basal levels. The levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism and antioxidant defences, the activity of oxidative enzymes, and substrate oxidative capacity were all increased in muscles overexpressing Pgc-1β. In rats fed a HFD, increasing the levels of Pgc-1β partially ameliorated muscle insulin resistance, in association with decreased levels of long-chain acyl-CoAs (LCACoAs) and increased antioxidant defences. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that an increase in Pgc-1β expression in vivo activates a coordinated subset of genes that increase mitochondrial substrate oxidation, defend against oxidative stress and improve lipid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Wright
- Diabetes & Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Brandon AE, Hoy AJ, Wright LE, Turner N, Hegarty BD, Iseli TJ, Julia Xu X, Cooney GJ, Saha AK, Ruderman NB, Kraegen EW. The evolution of insulin resistance in muscle of the glucose infused rat. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 509:133-41. [PMID: 21420928 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose infusion into rats causes skeletal muscle insulin resistance that initially occurs without changes in insulin signaling. The aim of the current study was to prolong glucose infusion and evaluate other events associated with the transition to muscle insulin resistance. Hyperglycemia was produced in rats by glucose infusion for 3, 5 and 8 h. The rate of infusion required to maintain hyperglycemia was reduced at 5 and 8 h. Glucose uptake into red quadriceps (RQ) and its incorporation into glycogen decreased between 3 and 5 h, further decreasing at 8 h. The earliest observed change in RQ was decreased AMPKα2 activity associated with large increases in muscle glycogen content at 3 h. Activation of the mTOR pathway occurred at 5 h. Akt phosphorylation (Ser(473)) was decreased at 8 h compared to 3 and 5, although no decrease in phosphorylation of downstream GSK-3β (Ser(9)) and AS160 (Thr(642)) was observed. White quadriceps showed a similar but delayed pattern, with insulin resistance developing by 8 h and decreased AMPKα2 activity at 5 h. These results indicate that, in the presence of a nutrient overload, alterations in muscle insulin signaling occur, but after insulin resistance develops and appropriate changes in energy/nutrient sensing pathways occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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Saha AK, Xu XJ, Lawson E, Deoliveira R, Brandon AE, Kraegen EW, Ruderman NB. Downregulation of AMPK accompanies leucine- and glucose-induced increases in protein synthesis and insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle. Diabetes 2010; 59:2426-34. [PMID: 20682696 PMCID: PMC3279521 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Branched-chain amino acids, such as leucine and glucose, stimulate protein synthesis and increase the phosphorylation and activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream target p70S6 kinase (p70S6K). We examined in skeletal muscle whether the effects of leucine and glucose on these parameters and on insulin resistance are mediated by the fuel-sensing enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was incubated with different concentrations of leucine and glucose with or without AMPK activators. Muscle obtained from glucose-infused rats was also used as a model. RESULTS In the EDL, incubation with 100 or 200 μmol/l leucine versus no added leucine suppressed the activity of the α2 isoform of AMPK by 50 and 70%, respectively, and caused concentration-dependent increases in protein synthesis and mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation. Very similar changes were observed in EDL incubated with 5.5 or 25 mmol/l versus no added glucose and in muscle of rats infused with glucose in vivo. Incubation of the EDL with the higher concentrations of both leucine and glucose also caused insulin resistance, reflected by a decrease in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Coincubation with the AMPK activators AICAR and α-lipoic acid substantially prevented all of those changes and increased the phosphorylation of specific sites of mTOR inhibitors raptor and tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2). In contrast, decreases in AMPK activity induced by leucine and glucose were not associated with a decrease in raptor or TSC2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that both leucine and glucose modulate protein synthesis and mTOR/p70S6 and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle by a common mechanism. They also suggest that the effects of both molecules are associated with a decrease in AMPK activity and that AMPK activation prevents them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Saha
- Diabetes Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Hoy AJ, Brandon AE, Turner N, Watt MJ, Bruce CR, Cooney GJ, Kraegen EW. Lipid and insulin infusion-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance is likely due to metabolic feedback and not changes in IRS-1, Akt, or AS160 phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 297:E67-75. [PMID: 19366875 PMCID: PMC2711668 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90945.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute hyperlipidemia-induced insulin resistance in the presence of hyperinsulinemia was due to defective insulin signaling. Hyperinsulinemia (approximately 300 mU/l) with hyperlipidemia or glycerol (control) was produced in cannulated male Wistar rats for 0.5, 1 h, 3 h, or 5 h. The glucose infusion rate required to maintain euglycemia was significantly reduced by 3 h with lipid infusion and was further reduced after 5 h of infusion, with no difference in plasma insulin levels, indicating development of insulin resistance. Consistent with this finding, in vivo skeletal muscle glucose uptake (31%, P < 0.05) and glycogen synthesis rate (38%, P < 0.02) were significantly reduced after 5 h compared with 3 h of lipid infusion. Despite the development of insulin resistance, there was no difference in the phosphorylation state of multiple insulin-signaling intermediates or muscle diacylglyceride and ceramide content over the same time course. However, there was an increase in cumulative exposure to long-chain acyl-CoA (70%) with lipid infusion. Interestingly, although muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 protein content was decreased in hyperinsulinemic glycerol-infused rats, this decrease was blunted in muscle from hyperinsulinemic lipid-infused rats. Decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was also observed in lipid- and insulin-infused animals (43%). Overall, these results suggest that acute reductions in muscle glucose metabolism in rats with hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia are more likely a result of substrate competition than a significant early defect in insulin action or signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hoy
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Brandon AE, Boyce AC, Lumbers ER, Gibson KJ. Maternal renal dysfunction in sheep is associated with salt insensitivity in female offspring. J Physiol 2008; 587:261-70. [PMID: 19001051 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.158808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the programming effects of maternal renal dysfunction (created by subtotal nephrectomy in ewes prior to mating; STNx), renal and cardiovascular function were studied in 6-month-old male and female offspring of STNx and control pregnancies. After studies were conducted on a low salt diet (LSD) some female offspring underwent salt loading (0.17 M NaCl in the drinking water for 5-7 days; HSD). On LSD both male and female offspring of STNx had similar mean arterial pressures (MAP), heart rates, cardiac outputs and renal function to those measured in offspring of control ewes. In female STNx offspring on a HSD, plasma sodium levels increased and haematocrits fell, indicating volume expansion (P < 0.05). Plasma renin levels were not suppressed despite the increases in plasma sodium concentrations, but aldosterone levels were reduced. In control animals plasma renin levels fell (P < 0.05) but there was no change in plasma aldosterone concentrations. There was a positive relationship between GFR and MAP which was present only in female STNx offspring. In conclusion, in STNx offspring there was an impaired ability to regulate glomerular filtration independent of arterial pressure, renin release was insensitive to a high salt intake and control of aldosterone secretion was abnormal. This study provides evidence of abnormal programming of the renin-angiotensin system and glomerular function in offspring of pregnancies in which there is impaired maternal renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Brandon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Brandon AE, Boyce AC, Lumbers ER, Zimanyi MA, Bertram JF, Gibson KJ. Glomerular hypertrophy in offspring of subtotally nephrectomized ewes. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008; 291:318-24. [PMID: 18228586 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that fetuses whose mothers underwent subtotal nephrectomy (STNx) before pregnancy had high urine flow rates and sodium excretions, but lower hematocrits, plasma chloride, and plasma renin levels compared with controls. To see if these functional differences in utero persist after birth and are the result of altered renal development, we studied 8 lambs born to STNx mothers (STNxL) and 10 controls (ConL) in the second week of life. These lambs were of similar body weights, nose-rump lengths and abdominal girths. Their kidney weights were not different (ConL 36.1 +/- 1.9 vs. STNxL 39.8 +/- 3.3 g), nor were kidney dimensions or glomerular number (ConL 423,520 +/- 22,194 vs. STNxL 429,530 +/- 27,471 glomeruli). However, STNxL had 30% larger glomerular volumes (both mean and total, P < 0.01) and there was a positive relationship between total glomerular volume and urinary protein excretion (P < 0.05) in STNxL. Despite this change in glomerular morphology, glomerular filtration rate, tubular function, urine flow, and sodium excretion rates were not different between STNxL and ConL, nor were plasma electrolytes, osmolality, and plasma renin levels. Thus while many of the functional differences seen in late gestation were not present at 1-2 weeks after birth, the alteration in glomerular size and its relationship to protein excretion suggests that exposure to this altered intrauterine environment may predispose offspring of mothers with renal dysfunction to renal disease in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Brandon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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