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Oh S, Shin EK, Lee SY, Kim MJ, Lee Y, Jeon MJ. Anatomic Criterion for Clinically Relevant Apical Prolapse in Urogynecology Populations. Urogynecology (Phila) 2023; 29:02273501-990000000-00117. [PMID: 37493249 PMCID: PMC10637301 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite recognition of the critical role of the apex in vaginal support, there is no consensus on the anatomic criteria for clinically relevant apical prolapse. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to define an optimal anatomic criterion for clinically relevant apical prolapse. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included 3,690 patients who had visited a tertiary hospital for ambulatory urogynecologic care. Vaginal bulge symptom was defined as a response of "somewhat," "moderately," or "quite a bit" to Question 3 on the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated for a vaginal bulge symptom and apical support (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification point C and C/total vaginal length [TVL]). RESULTS Both point C and the C-to-TVL ratio (C/TVL) had excellent performance for predicting vaginal bulge symptoms (area under the curve, 0.917 and 0.927, respectively). The optimal cutoffs were -3.0 for C and -0.50 for C/TVL. When we analyzed the data set according to the TVL, there was a significant difference in the cutoffs for C, whereas those for C/TVL had little difference. There was no difference in the cutoffs of C and C/TVL according to hysterectomy status. CONCLUSIONS The C/TVL is more appropriate than point C as a measure to define an anatomic criterion for clinically relevant apical prolapse. Descent of the vaginal apex beyond the halfway point of the vagina could be considered as an anatomic threshold for clinically relevant apical prolapse. This finding needs to be validated in nonurogynecology populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Oh
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital
| | - E. Kyung Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - So Yeon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Youjoung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Myung Jae Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Gaspar MP, Pham PP, Pankiw CD, Jacoby SM, Shin EK, Osterman AL, Kane PM. Mid-term outcomes of routine proximal row carpectomy compared with proximal row carpectomy with dorsal capsular interposition arthroplasty for the treatment of late-stage arthropathy of the wrist. Bone Joint J 2018; 100-B:197-204. [PMID: 29437062 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.100b2.bjj-2017-0816.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to compare the mid-term outcomes of patients with late-stage arthritis of the wrist treated with proximal row carpectomy (PRC) and dorsal capsular interposition (DCI) arthroplasty with a matched cohort treated with routine PRC alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 25 arthritic wrists (24 patients) with pre-existing degenerative changes of the proximal capitate and/or the lunate fossa of the radius were treated with PRC + DCI over a ten-year period. This group of patients were matched 1:2 with a group of 50 wrists (48 patients) without degenerative changes in the capitate or lunate fossa that were treated with a routine PRC alone during the same period. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 56.8 years (25 to 81), and the demographics and baseline range of movement of the wrist, grip strength, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score, and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score were similar in both groups. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 5.9 years (1.8 to 11.8), significant improvements in mean grip strength, the flexion-extension arc of movement of the wrist, QuickDASH, and PRWE scores were seen in both groups. There was no diifference between the groups for any of the outcomes. One patient in the PRC + DCI group required additional surgery for a deep infection, while two in the PRC group had complications (one wound dehiscence requiring revision closure, one transient radial sensory neuritis). One patient in each group required total arthrodesis of the wrist for progressive degenerative radiocarpal changes. A total of 70 patients (93%) were satisfied with the outcomes. CONCLUSION PRC with DCI is an effective form of treatment for late-stage arthritis of the wrist involving the capitolunate joint, with mid-term outcomes that are similar to those in patients without degenerative changes affecting the capitate or lunate fossa who are treated with a routine PRC alone. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:197-204.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Gaspar
- Philadelphia Hand to Shoulder Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, The Franklin Building, Suite G114, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA and Darden School of Business, University of Virginia, 100 Darden Boulevard, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - P P Pham
- Philadelphia Hand to Shoulder Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, The Franklin Building, Suite G114, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - C D Pankiw
- Philadelphia Hand to Shoulder Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, The Franklin Building, Suite G114, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - S M Jacoby
- Philadelphia Hand to Shoulder Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, The Franklin Building, Suite G114, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - E K Shin
- Philadelphia Hand to Shoulder Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, The Franklin Building, Suite G114, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - A L Osterman
- Philadelphia Hand to Shoulder Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, The Franklin Building, Suite G114, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - P M Kane
- Philadelphia Hand to Shoulder Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, The Franklin Building, Suite G114, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Shin EK, Kim CH, Chung CK, Choi Y, Yim D, Jung W, Park SB, Moon JH, Heo W, Kim SM. Sagittal imbalance in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and outcomes after simple decompression surgery. Spine J 2017; 17:175-182. [PMID: 27546526 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the most common lumbar degenerative disease, and sagittal imbalance is uncommon. Forward-bending posture, which is primarily caused by buckling of the ligamentum flavum, may be improved via simple decompression surgery. PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to identify the risk factors for sagittal imbalance and to describe the outcomes of simple decompression surgery. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective nested case-control study PATIENT SAMPLE: This was a retrospective study that included 83 consecutive patients (M:F=46:37; mean age, 68.5±7.7 years) who underwent decompression surgery and a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was normalization of sagittal imbalance after decompression surgery. METHODS Sagittal imbalance was defined as a C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) ≥40 mm on a 36-inch-long lateral whole spine radiograph. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for sagittal imbalance. Bilateral decompression was performed via a unilateral approach with a tubular retractor. The SVA was measured on serial radiographs performed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The prognostic factors for sagittal balance recovery were determined based on various clinical and radiological parameters. RESULTS Sagittal imbalance was observed in 54% (45/83) of patients, and its risk factors were old age and a large mismatch between pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis. The 1-year normalization rate was 73% after decompression surgery, and the median time to normalization was 1 to 3 months. Patients who did not experience SVA normalization exhibited low thoracic kyphosis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.10) (p<.01) and spondylolisthesis (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17-0.61) before surgery. CONCLUSIONS Sagittal imbalance was observed in more than 50% of LSS patients, but this imbalance was correctable via simple decompression surgery in 70% of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kyung Shin
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Heon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chun Kee Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Choi
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahae Yim
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Whei Jung
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Boramae, Medical Center 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyeon Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Heo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Mi Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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Kang WC, Ko YG, Oh PC, Shin EK, Park CH, Choi D, Youn YN, Lee DY. Comparison of Total Arch and Partial Arch Transposition During Hybrid Endovascular Repair for Aortic Arch Disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 52:173-8. [PMID: 27346445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Total arch transposition (TAT) during hybrid endovascular repair for aortic arch disease is believed to allow a better landing zone, but also to be associated with higher peri-operative mortality than partial arch transposition (PAT). Information on this issue is limited. METHOD This study was a retrospective analysis. All 53 consecutive patients with aortic arch disease (41 males, mean age 65.0 years) who underwent hybrid endovascular repair with TAT (zone 0, n=20) or PAT (zone 1 or 2, n=33) from 2008 to 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The peri-operative and late outcomes of these two groups were compared. RESULTS Baseline characteristics, including EuroSCORE II results, were similar in the two groups. After procedures, peri-operative mortalities and stroke rates were similar in the two groups (5.0% vs. 9.1%, p=1.000, and 10.0% vs. 6.1%, p=.627). Interestingly, all four strokes occurred in patients with a type III aortic arch irrespective of transposition type. Primary success rates (80.0% vs. 69.7%, p=.527) and type I endoleak incidences (20.0% vs. 27.3%, p=.744) were not significantly different. During follow up (mean duration 36.9 months), overall survival (89.7% vs. 87.4% at 1 year and 89.7% vs. 79.3% at 3 years; p=.375) and re-intervention free survival rates (78.6% vs. 92.0% at 1 year; 72.0% vs. 62.2% at 3 years, p=.872) were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION Morbidity and mortality were high within the first year of hybrid endovascular therapy for aortic arch disease, implying that candidates for hybrid procedures need to be selected carefully. Hybrid endovascular repair with TAT was found to have peri-operative mortality, stroke, and long-term survival rates comparable with PAT, so hybrid endovascular repair may be considered, irrespective of type of arch reconstruction, when clinically indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Kang
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-G Ko
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - P C Oh
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - E K Shin
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - C-H Park
- Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Choi
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y N Youn
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Lee
- Radiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim DH, Shin EK, Kim YH, Lee BW, Jun JG, Park JHY, Kim JK. Suppression of inflammatory responses by celastrol, a quinone methide triterpenoid isolated from Celastrus regelii. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:819-27. [PMID: 19549173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpenoid isolated from the Celastraceae family, exhibits various biological properties, including chemopreventive, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we showed that celastrol inhibits inflammatory reactions in macrophages and protects mice from skin inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory effects of celastrol (0-1 microM) were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. To investigate the effects of celastrol (0-50 microg per mice) in vivo, activation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and histological assessment were examined in the 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear oedema model. RESULTS Our in vitro experiments showed that celastrol suppressed not only LPS-stimulated generation of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2), but also expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in RAW264.7 cells. Similarly, celastrol inhibited LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. In an animal model, celastrol protected mice from TPA-induced ear oedema, possibly by inhibiting MPO activity and production of inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that celastrol inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators and is a potential target for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Kang WC, Ahn TH, Moon CI, Han SH, Shin EK, Kim JS, Ko YG, Choi D, Jang Y, Kim BK, Oh SJ, Jeon DW, Yang JY. Comparison of inflammatory markers and angiographic outcomes after implantation of sirolimus and paclitaxel-eluting stents. Heart 2008; 95:970-5. [PMID: 18772180 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2008.153114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the degree of systemic inflammation and its relation to the angiographic outcomes after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantations. METHODS We implanted a single DES in 79 stable angina patients (50 men; 60.4 (9.5) years of age; sirolimus-eluting stent (SES), n = 38; paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES), n = 41). The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were determined before and at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 4 weeks after the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). An angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) were performed. RESULTS The hs-CRP and IL-6 levels at baseline did not differ between the two groups. The hs-CRP increased significantly from baseline at 24 hours and 72 hours after the PCI in both groups and there was a significant increase in the IL-6 level at 24 hours after the PCI in both groups. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the hs-CRP or IL-6 measurements. At follow-up, the late lumen loss was significantly higher in the PES group than in the SES group (0.57 (0.56) mm vs 0.28 (0.58) mm, respectively, p = 0.020). The neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) volume in the PES group was significantly higher than that in the SES group (23.1 (22.7) vs 3.8 (7.1) mm(3), respectively, p = 0.000). The percentage luminal volume reduction was higher in the PES group than in the SES group (18.9 vs 3.9%, p = 0.002). The absolute values or change in the inflammatory markers did not correlate with the NIH or stent volume reduction. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the benefits obtained from the SES, which reduce neointimal proliferation, are not probably mediated by the attenuation of the systemic inflammatory markers hs-CRP or IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Namdong-Gu, Incheon, Korea.
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Shin EK, Jupiter JB. Current concepts in the management of distal radius fractures. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2007; 74:233-46. [PMID: 17877939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of fractures at the distal end of the radius continues to challenge orthopaedic and upper extremity surgeons. As our understanding of the injury mechanism and local anatomy continues to improve, so too have our surgical techniques in helping patients regain functional use of the injured extremity. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the treatment methods available for distal radius fracture management.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
We have evaluated the clinical outcomes of simple excision, ulnar lengthening and the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure in the treatment of deformities of the forearm in patients with multiple hereditary osteochondromas. The medical records of 29 patients (33 forearms) were reviewed; 22 patients (22 forearms) underwent simple excision (four with ulnar lengthening) and seven the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure. Simple excision increased the mean supination of the forearm from 63.2° to 75.0° (p = 0.049). Ulnar lengthening did not significantly affect the clinical outcome. The Sauvé-Kapandji technique improved the mean pronation from 33.6° to 55.0° (p = 0.047) and supination from 70.0° to 81.4° (p = 0.045). Simple excision may improve the range of movement of the forearm but will not halt the progression of disease, particularly in younger patients. No discernable clinical or radiological improvement was noted with ulnar lengthening. The Sauvé-Kapandji procedure combined with simple excision of osteochondromas can improve stability of the wrist, movement of the forearm and the radiological appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery UCLA, Centre for Health Sciences, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Los Angeles 90095, California, USA.
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Koh KK, Ahn JY, Kang MH, Kim DS, Jin DK, Sohn MS, Park GS, Choi IS, Shin EK. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on plaque stability, inflammation, and fibrinolysis in hypertensive or overweight postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88:1423-6, A8. [PMID: 11741566 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(01)02126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K K Koh
- Cardiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, South Korea.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An anatomic study of cervical vertebral bodies. OBJECTIVES To provide quantitative information on the cortical shell architecture of the middle and lower cervical vertebral bodies. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Some external dimensions have been measured, but little quantitative data exists for the cortical shell architecture of the vertebral bodies of the cervical spine. METHODS Twenty-one human cervical vertebral bodies (C3-C7) were sectioned along parasagittal planes into five 1.7-mm thin slices for each vertebra. Radiographs of each slice were digitized, and external and internal dimensions were measured. Averages and standard deviations were computed. Single factor analysis of variance was used to determine significant (P < 0.05) differences between the vertebral levels. RESULTS The superior endplate was thickest in the posterior region (range 0.74-0.89 mm) and thinnest in the anterior region (range 0.44-0.56 mm). The inferior endplate was thickest in the anterior region (range 0.61-0.81 mm) and thinnest in the posterior region (range 0.49-0.62 mm). In the central region, the superior endplate (range 0.42-0.58 mm) was thinner than the inferior endplate (range 0.53-0.64 mm). Variation with vertebral level was dependent on the dimension studied. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive quantitative anatomic data of the middle and lower cervical vertebral bodies have been obtained. This may be useful in improving the understanding of the three-column and other vertebral-fracture theories, the fidelity of the finite element models of cervical spine, and the designs of surgical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Panjabi
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
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Koh KK, Son JW, Ahn JY, Lee SK, Hwang HY, Kim DS, Jin DK, Ahn TH, Shin EK. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on nitric oxide bioactivity and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels. Int J Cardiol 2001; 81:43-50. [PMID: 11690664 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(01)00527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We investigated the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on vasomotor function and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels, an important serological marker of inflammation. METHODS We administered micronized progesterone (MP) 200 mg for 10 days with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg for 25 days and remaining 5 days off cyclically during 2 months to 20 healthy postmenopausal women (PMW). We measured NO bioactivity and plasma levels of MCP-1 before and after HRT in 20 PMW. And we measured plasma levels of MCP-1 in each 20 subjects of premenopausal women, men <50, and men >50 years, respectively. RESULTS MP combined with CEE significantly improved the percent flow-mediated dilator response to hyperemia relative to baseline measurements (P<0.001). PMW receiving HRT had lower levels of MCP-1 than those not receiving HRT (121+/-38 versus 146+/-44 pg/ml, P<0.001). In all comparisons, subjects with high estrogen status had significantly lower MCP-1 levels than subjects with low estrogen status (P<0.001 by ANOVA). Premenopausal women had lower levels of MCP-1 than men of a similar age (106+/-14 versus 164+/-40 pg/ml, P<0.001). PMW not receiving HRT had similar levels of MCP-1 compared with men of a similar age (146+/-44 versus 143+/-29 pg/ml, P=0.816). Premenopausal women had markedly lower levels of MCP-1 than PMW not receiving HRT (106+/-14 versus 146+/-44 pg/ml, P=0.001). PMW receiving HRT had similar levels of MCP-1 compared with premenopausal women (121+/-38 versus 106+/-14 pg/ml, P=0.323). CONCLUSION These findings might provide at least a partial explanation for the protection against cardiovascular disease experienced by premenopausal women, and the loss of that protection following menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Koh
- Cardiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, South Korea 405-760.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the effects of estrogen on vascular dilatory and other homeostatic functions potentially affected by nitric oxide (NO)-potentiating properties in type II diabetic postmenopausal women. BACKGROUND There is a higher cardiovascular risk in diabetic women than in nondiabetic women. This would suggest that women with diabetes do not have the cardioprotection associated with estrogen. METHODS We administered placebo or conjugated equine estrogen, 0.625 mg/day for 8 weeks, to 20 type II diabetic postmenopausal women in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. RESULTS Compared with placebo, estrogen tended to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 15 +/- 23% (p = 0.007) and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by 8 +/- 16% (p = 0.034). Thus, the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol levels significantly decreased with estrogen, by 20 +/- 24%, as compared with placebo (p = 0.001). Compared with placebo, estrogen tended to increase triglyceride levels by 16 +/- 48% and lower glycosylated hemoglobin levels by 3 +/- 13% (p = 0.295 and p = 0.199, respectively). However, estrogen did not significantly improve the percent flow-mediated dilatory response to hyperemia (17 +/- 75% vs. placebo; p = 0.501). The statistical power to accept our observation was 81.5%. Compared with placebo, estrogen did not significantly change E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels. Compared with placebo, estrogen tended to decrease tissue factor antigen and increase tissue factor activity levels by 7 +/- 46% and 5 +/- 34%, respectively (p = 0.321 and p = 0.117, respectively) and lower plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels by 16 +/- 31% (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS The effects of estrogen on endothelial, vascular dilatory and other homeostatic functions were less apparent in type II diabetic postmenopausal women, despite the beneficial effects of estrogen on lipoprotein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Koh
- Department of Cardiology, Inchon, South Korea.
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Koh KK, Son JW, Ahn JY, Choi YM, Jin DK, Park GS, Choi IS, Sohn MS, Shin EK. Non-lipid effects of statin on hypercholesterolemic patients established to have coronary artery disease who remained hypercholesterolemic while eating a step-II diet. Coron Artery Dis 2001; 12:305-11. [PMID: 11428539 DOI: 10.1097/00019501-200106000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of clinical trials of statin therapy demonstrate that an improvement in incidence of cardiovascular end points and coronary stenosis can be achieved. The beneficial effects of statins on clinical events may involve nonlipid mechanisms that affect endothelial function, such as inflammatory responses, formation of thrombi, and stabilization of plaque. OBJECTIVE To investigate levels of serologic markers, which may be useful surrogates for activity of vascular disease after administration of statin. METHODS We administered 20-40 mg simvastatin daily for 14 weeks to 13 patients established to have coronary artery disease who remained hypercholesterolemic during step-II diet therapy. RESULTS Administration of simvastatin significantly lowered lipoprotein levels and the low: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level ratio and apolipoprotein B:A-I level ratio compared with pretreatment values (P < 0.01). Administration of simvastatin significantly lowered plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-I [33+/-46 and 13+/-19%, respectively (P = 0.027 and 0.020, respectively)]. Furthermore, administration of simvastatin tended to lower plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [by 20+/-44 and 13+/-29%, respectively (P= 0.066 and 0.110, respectively)]. There were significant inverse correlations between pretreatment levels of MMP-9 and the degree of change in those levels after administration of simvastatin (r = -0.714, P= 0.005). However, there was no significant correlation between levels of lipoprotein and levels of MMP-9, monocyte chemoattractant protein-I, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 during administration of simvastatin. CONCLUSIONS Our current data support the hypothesis that nonlipid mechanisms elicited by administration of simvastatin contribute to the decrease in incidence of cardiovascular events and explain the early clinical benefit observed in clinical trials, independent of changes in levels of lipoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Koh
- Department of Cardiology, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, South Korea.
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15
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Koh KK, Jin DK, Yang SH, Lee SK, Hwang HY, Kang MH, Kim W, Kim DS, Choi IS, Shin EK. Vascular effects of synthetic or natural progestagen combined with conjugated equine estrogen in healthy postmenopausal women. Circulation 2001; 103:1961-6. [PMID: 11306524 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.15.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic, not natural, progestagen may negate the favorable effects of estrogen. Nonetheless, observational studies report no differences in risk for clinical cardiovascular events between users of unopposed estrogen and users of estrogen combined with synthetic progestin. METHODS AND RESULTS In a double-blind study, we randomly assigned 20 healthy postmenopausal women to micronized progesterone (MP) 200 mg or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 10 mg for 10 days with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg for 25 days and the remaining 5 days off cyclically during 2 months, followed by crossover to the alternate therapy. CEE+MP and CEE+MPA significantly improved the percent flow-mediated dilator response to hyperemia relative to baseline measurements (P=0.004 by ANOVA) by a similar degree (P=0.863). Both therapies significantly decreased E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 levels from baseline values (P<0.001, P=0.048, and P=0.016 by ANOVA, respectively) by a similar degree (P=0.977 for ICAM-1 and P=0.541 for VCAM-1, respectively). CEE+MPA decreased E-selectin levels more than CEE+MP did (P=0.040). Both therapies significantly decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels from baseline values (P<0.005 by ANOVA) by a similar degree (P=0.194). Both therapies significantly decreased tissue factor antigen and increased tissue factor activity levels from baseline values (P=0.003 and P<0.001 by ANOVA, respectively) by a similar degree (P=0.652 for antigen and P=0.173 for activity). Both therapies significantly lowered plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels from baseline values (P<0.001 by ANOVA) by a similar degree (P=0.533). CONCLUSIONS CEE+MP and CEE+MPA provide similar improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilator responsiveness and effects on markers of inflammation, hemostasis, and fibrinolysis inhibition in healthy postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Koh
- Department of Cardiology, Menopause Clinic, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, Korea.
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16
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Shin EK, Son JW, Sohn MS, Jin DK, Park GS, Koh KK, Ahn TH, Choi IS. Efficacy of heparin-coated stent in early setting of acute myocardial infarction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2001; 52:306-12. [PMID: 11246241 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Primary stenting has been reported to be superior to balloon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for recurrent ischemia, target lesion revascularization, and restenosis. However, concerns about early reocclusion or thrombosis after stenting in the very thrombotic environment of acute myocardial infarction still remain. Therefore, postprocedural short-term heparin or GpII(b)/III(a) receptor blockades has been used. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and long-term efficacy of heparin-coated stent in the early setting of AMI without postprocedural heparin or GpII(b)/III(a) receptor blockade infusion. We studied 102 consecutive patients presenting to cardiac catheterization laboratory < or = 6 hr from the onset of chest pain. No patients who were implanted with heparin-coated stents received heparin or GpII(b)/III(a) receptor blockade infusion after the procedures, not even patients who showed an angiographically large thrombus burden before stenting. Patients were evaluated for clinical endpoints at 30 days and 6 months. Coronary angiography was required for all patients at 2 weeks and 6 months after the procedure. Angiographic and procedural successes were 100% and 98%, respectively. Two patients (2%) died of heart failure without evidence of reocclusion of stented vessel during the hospitalization and 4 (4%) additional patients died of refractory heart failure within the first 6 months. Major bleeding complication occurred in one patient (1%). Recurrent myocardial infarction developed in one patient at 4 months. Early angiographic follow up at 2 weeks was performed in 88% of all patients, none of whom showed thrombotic stent occlusion. Six-month angiographic follow-up was completed in 71%(64/91) of eligible patients and binary restenosis was present in 17.2% of stented vessels. Eight(8%) patients underwent repeat PTCA. Cardiac event-free survival rate at 6 months was 86.3%. This study demonstrates that heparin-coated stents are safe in the early setting of acute myocardial infarction and no additional heparin infusion after stenting is necessary, which may reduce bleeding complications. Angiographic restenosis rate compares favorably to the binary restenosis rate from other studies with uncoated stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Inchon, South Korea.
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17
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Koh KK, Son JW, Shin EK. Variant angina with a strong spasmodic trait. Int J Cardiol 2001; 77:87-91. [PMID: 11203709 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(00)00391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A 55-year-old man came to the hospital because of chest pain, mostly occurring in the early morning at rest. He had to get isosorbide dinitrate intravenously with continuous infusion. Following ergonovine provocation test, total occlusion of mid-left anterior descending artery was identified with marked elevation of ST segment as exercise test showed despite isosorbide dinitrate.
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18
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Takizawa BT, Shin EK, Masters L, Lancelle F, Anaf V, Shahabi S. The role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis: a case report. Yale J Biol Med 2001; 74:107-10. [PMID: 11393262 PMCID: PMC2588690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A patient presented with deep venous thrombosis and an elevated CA-125 level, but normal pelvic ultrasound and abdominal and pelvic CT scans. Laparoscopy revealed diffuse carcinomatosis and a diagnosis of stage IIIc, poorly differentiated epithelial ovarian carcinoma was made. Laparoscopy may provide an alternative means of diagnosis when conventional imaging fails, and may facilitate the placement of catheters for subsequent intraperitoneal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Takizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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19
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Shin EK, Takizawa BT, Masters L, Shahabi S. The role of chemotherapy and prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy in a case of colorectal adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases. Yale J Biol Med 2001; 74:101-5. [PMID: 11393261 PMCID: PMC2588692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A 66-year-old female presented with a large abdominal mass and accompanying systemic complaints of abdominal pain, constipation. and fever. On exploratory laparotomy, the mass was found to be a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon with metastasis to the left ovary. A primary colorectal carcinoma that has metastasized to the ovaries can be difficult to distinguish clinically from an advanced primary ovarian tumor. Histology and tumor markers are currently the most useful tools available in making an accurate diagnosis. If the nature of the primary tumor is uncertain and the initial response to chemotherapy is poor, the patient's prognosis will also he poor. Though controversy exists regarding the role of prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy during resection for primary colorectal cancer, later confusion can be avoided by performing this procedure when the colorectal carcinoma is first diagnosed. However the possibility of a concurrent primary ovarian tumor must not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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20
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Kienker LJ, Shin EK, Meek K. Both V(D)J recombination and radioresistance require DNA-PK kinase activity, though minimal levels suffice for V(D)J recombination. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:2752-61. [PMID: 10908332 PMCID: PMC102647 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.14.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is utilized in both DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR) and V(D)J recombination, but the mechanism by which this multiprotein complex participates in these processes is unknown. To evaluate the importance of DNA-PK-mediated protein phosphorylation in DSBR and V(D)J recombination, we assessed the effects of the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin on the repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks and V(D)J recombination in the V(D)J recombinase inducible B cell line HDR37. Wortmannin radiosensitized HDR37, but had no affect on V(D)J recombination despite a marked reduction in DNA-PK activity. On the other hand, studies with mammalian expression vectors for wild-type human DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and a kinase domain mutant demonstrated that only the kinase active form of DNA-PKcs can reconstitute DSBR and V(D)J recombination in a DNA-PKcs-deficient cell line (Sf19), implying that DNA-PKcs kinase activity is essential for both DSBR and V(D)J recombination. These apparently contradictory results were reconciled by analyses of cell lines varying in their expression of recombinant wild-type human DNA-PKcs. These studies establish that minimal DNA-PKcs protein levels are sufficient to support V(D)J recombination, but insufficient to confer resistance to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kienker
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Veterinary Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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21
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The internal architecture of cervical spine pedicles was investigated by thin sectioning and digitization of radiographic images. OBJECTIVES To provide quantitative information on the internal dimensions and cortical shell thicknesses of the middle and lower cervical pedicles. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although there have been a number of studies presenting data on the external dimensions of the cervical pedicle, little is known regarding its internal architecture and cortical shell thickness along the pedicle axis. METHODS Twenty-five human cervical vertebrae (C3-C7) were secured to a thin-sectioning machine to produce three 0.7-mm-thick pedicle slices along its axis. Plain radiographs of the pedicle slices were scanned and digitized to facilitate measurement of the internal dimensions. Computer software was specifically developed to determine the external dimensions (i.e., pedicle height and width) and the internal dimensions (i.e., cortical shell thicknesses of the superior, inferior, lateral, and medial walls and the cancellous core height and width) of cervical pedicles. RESULTS Superior and inferior wall cortical thicknesses of pedicle thin slices were similar, whereas the lateral wall cortical thickness was significantly smaller than the medial wall thickness. The medial cortical shell (average value range: 1.2-2.0 mm) was measured to be 1.4 to 3.6 times as thick as the lateral cortical shell (average value range: 0.4-1.1 mm). When medial and lateral cortical thicknesses were normalized for external dimensions, the combined cortical shell thickness was thinnest at C7 (average value range: 18. 6-25.6% of the external width), and this result was statistically significant when compared with other vertebral levels. CONCLUSIONS The cervical pedicle is a complex, three-dimensional structure exhibiting extensive variability in internal morphology. Characteristics of the cervical pedicle at different spinal levels must be noted before transpedicular screw fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Panjabi
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
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22
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Shin EK, Rijkers T, Pastink A, Meek K. Analyses of TCRB rearrangements substantiate a profound deficit in recombination signal sequence joining in SCID foals: implications for the role of DNA-dependent protein kinase in V(D)J recombination. J Immunol 2000; 164:1416-24. [PMID: 10640757 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.3.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that the genetic SCID disease observed in Arabian foals is explained by a defect in V(D)J recombination that profoundly affects both coding and signal end joining. As in C.B-17 SCID mice, the molecular defect in SCID foals is in the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKCS); however, in SCID mice, signal end resolution remains relatively intact. Moreover, recent reports indicate that mice that completely lack DNA-PKCS also generate signal joints at levels that are indistinguishable from those observed in C.B-17 SCID mice, eliminating the possibility that a partially active version of DNA-PKCS facilitates signal end resolution in SCID mice. We have analyzed TCRB rearrangements and find that signal joints are reduced by approximately 4 logs in equine SCID thymocytes as compared with normal horse thymocytes. A potential explanation for the differences between SCID mice and foals is that the mutant DNA-PKCS allele in SCID foals inhibits signal end resolution. We tested this hypothesis using DNA-PKCS expression vectors; in sum, we find no evidence of a dominant-negative effect by the mutant protein. These and other recent data are consistent with an emerging consensus: that in normal cells, DNA-PKCS participates in both coding and signal end resolution, but in the absence of DNA-PKCS an undefined end joining pathway (which is variably expressed in different species and cell types) can facilitate imperfect signal and coding end joining.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Harold C. Simmons Arthritis Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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23
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Son JW, Koh KK, Dang Q, Jin DK, Choi IS, Shin EK. Primary and elective stenting of unprotected isolated left main coronary ostial stenosis in acute coronary syndrome. J Invasive Cardiol 1999; 11:301-4. [PMID: 10745536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Direct surgical angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft has been done in patients who have left main coronary ostial stenosis. Recent reports have demonstrated that stenting of unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis has been attempted as an alternative to bypass surgery in selected patients with normal LV function. We report two patients with isolated left main coronary ostial stenosis who are undergoing primary and elective stenting, respectively. Major cardiac events did not occur during a 3-month follow-up. This study suggests that stenting of isolated left main coronary ostial stenosis in acute coronary syndrome is feasible and results in excellent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Son
- Director of Heart Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 1198 Kuwol-dong, Namdong-ku, Inchon 402-430, Korea
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24
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Abstract
We report a patient with Takayasu's arteritis who had recurrent restenosis following intracoronary bifurcation stenting of proximal left anterior descending and first diagonal arteries, and rotational atherectomy for in-stent restenosis. After all, the patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) and has remained asymptomatic during 3 months without damaging myocardium. We suggest that endoluminal stenting or rotational atherectomy may be an alternative treatment for the patients with coronary artery stenosis due to active Takayasu's arteritis as a therapy to postpone CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Son
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Inchon, South Korea
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25
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Shin EK, Perryman LE, Meek K. Evaluation of a test for identification of Arabian horses heterozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency trait. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211:1268-70. [PMID: 9373363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a recently developed test would correctly identify horses heterozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) trait. DESIGN Case series. ANIMALS 17 healthy Arabian horses that had previously produced foals with SCID, 1 healthy Arabian foal whose dam and sire had produced foals with SCID, 4 foals with SCID, and 1 healthy non-Arabian foal. PROCEDURE DNA was extracted from leukocytes or fibroblasts, amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction, and hybridized with probes specific for the normal and mutant alleles of the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase, the factor whose absence is responsible for SCID in Arabian foals. RESULTS Amplified DNA from the healthy non-Arabian foal hybridized only to the probe specific for the normal allele, whereas amplified DNA from the 4 foals with SCID hybridized only to the probe specific for the mutant allele. Amplified DNA from the 2 stallions and 15 mares hybridized with both probes, as did amplified DNA from the healthy foal whose dam and sire had previously produced foals with SCID, indicating that these horses were all heterozygous for the SCID trait. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Results suggest that the genetic test will be useful in identifying Arabian horses heterozygous for the SCID trait and foals with SCID, provided that all Arabian horses with SCID have the same genetic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8884, USA
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26
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Shin EK, Perryman LE, Meek K. A kinase-negative mutation of DNA-PK(CS) in equine SCID results in defective coding and signal joint formation. J Immunol 1997; 158:3565-9. [PMID: 9103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The equine SCID defect is more severe than its murine counterpart in that SCID foals are incapable of forming either coding or signal joints, whereas SCID mice manifest normal signal joint formation. To determine the basis of this difference and whether DNA-dependent kinase, catalytic subunit (DNA-PK(CS)), is involved in signal joint formation, equine DNA-PK(CS) transcripts were cloned and sequenced from normal and SCID cell lines. In the mutant allele, a frame-shift mutation truncates the protein N terminal of the domain with homology to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase family resulting in complete absence of full length DNA-PK(CS) and accounting for the kinase-negative phenotype of these cells; the mutation in SCID mice allows for some DNA-PK(CS) expression. The difference in DNA-PK(CS) expression in SCID mice and foals explains the more severe phenotype of equine SCID, and definition of DNA-PK(CS) as the defect in equine SCID demonstrates that DNA-PK(CS) is required for both coding and signal joint formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA
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27
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Shin EK, Perryman LE, Meek K. A kinase-negative mutation of DNA-PK(CS) in equine SCID results in defective coding and signal joint formation. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.158.8.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The equine SCID defect is more severe than its murine counterpart in that SCID foals are incapable of forming either coding or signal joints, whereas SCID mice manifest normal signal joint formation. To determine the basis of this difference and whether DNA-dependent kinase, catalytic subunit (DNA-PK(CS)), is involved in signal joint formation, equine DNA-PK(CS) transcripts were cloned and sequenced from normal and SCID cell lines. In the mutant allele, a frame-shift mutation truncates the protein N terminal of the domain with homology to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase family resulting in complete absence of full length DNA-PK(CS) and accounting for the kinase-negative phenotype of these cells; the mutation in SCID mice allows for some DNA-PK(CS) expression. The difference in DNA-PK(CS) expression in SCID mice and foals explains the more severe phenotype of equine SCID, and definition of DNA-PK(CS) as the defect in equine SCID demonstrates that DNA-PK(CS) is required for both coding and signal joint formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA
| | - L E Perryman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA
| | - K Meek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA
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Abstract
Because of its expression in numerous cells, the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter (HSV-TK) is one of the best characterized promoters. Using the HSV-TK promoter as a model system, we have defined a new mode of E2F-1 transcriptional activation which utilizes the N-terminal region of E2F-1. We demonstrate that E2F-1 strongly activated HSV-TK, but in the absence of consensus E2F DNA elements. Nonetheless, E2F-1 could bind to GC-rich elements, which were conclusively identified in classic studies of HSV-TK as SP-1 sites. Second, the transcriptional activation of HSV-TK required the entire E2F-1 protein, including the N-terminal 89 amino acids. In contrast, the N-terminal 89 amino acids of E2F-1 were dispensable for transcriptional activation through consensus E2F sites. Third, we demonstrated that S phase entry is not sufficient for activation of HSV-TK by E2F-1, while the activation through consensus E2F sites is strictly linked to the cell cycle. Taken together, the activation of HSV-TK by E2F-1 proceeds by a different mechanism directed in part through the N-terminal region of E2F-1 and may be uncoupled from the known cell cycle regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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Abstract
We have examined regulation of the E2F transcription factor during differentiation of muscle cells. E2F regulates many genes involved in growth control and is also the target of regulation by diverse cellular signals, including the RB family of growth suppressors (e.g., the retinoblastoma protein [RB], p107, and p130). The following aspects of E2F function and regulation during muscle differentiation were investigated: (i) protein-protein interactions, (ii) protein levels, (iii) phosphorylation of the E2F protein, and (iv) transcriptional activity. A distinct E2F complex was present in differentiated cells but not in undifferentiated cells. The p130 protein was a prominent component of the E2F complex associated with differentiation. In contrast, in undifferentiated cells, the p107 protein was the prominent component in one of three E2F complexes. In addition, use of a differentiation-defective muscle line provided genetic and biochemical evidence that quiescence and differentiation are separable events. Exclusive formation of the E2F-p130 complex did not occur in this differentiation-defective line; however, E2F complexes diagnostic of quiescence were readily apparent. Thus, sole formation of the E2F-p130 complex is a necessary event in terminal differentiation. Other changes in E2F function and regulation upon differentiation include decreased phosphorylation and increased repression by E2F. These observations suggest that the regulation of E2F function during terminal differentiation may proceed through differential interaction within the RB family and/or phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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Nagaoka H, Ozawa K, Matsuda F, Hayashida H, Matsumura R, Haino M, Shin EK, Fukita Y, Imai T, Anand R. Recent translocation of variable and diversity segments of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain from chromosome 14 to chromosomes 15 and 16. Genomics 1994; 22:189-97. [PMID: 7959766 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We studied the organization and origin of three orphon regions, VH-F, D5-a, and D5-b, of the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene using yeast artificial chromosomes. VH-F and two D5 regions were mapped to chromosome bands 16p11 and 15q11-q12, respectively, by using human/rodent somatic cell hybrids and fluorescence in situ hybridization. No D5 segments were found on chromosome 14, in contradiction to previous reports. The VH-F region consists of 7 VH segments and encompasses 160 kb of DNA. A cluster of VH segments homologous to the VH-F region orphons was found in the region 245-430 kb (V2-26 to V3-11) upstream of the JH cluster on chromosome 14. Comparison of VH sequences between the VH-F and the chromosome 14 loci indicates that the translocation of the VH-F region took place, at the earliest, 20 x 10(6) years ago. The D5-a and D5-b regions were obtained in two independent contigs. The former contains only D segments in 140 kb of DNA, while the latter carries 3 VH segments downstream of D segments in 110 kb of DNA. V54, one of these VH orphon segments, is about 95% homologous to V1-18, which is located within the putative ancestor of the VH-F region on chromosome 14. Furthermore, the region detected by two DNA probes flanking the V54 segment was found only in the proximity of V1-18 within the 0.8-Mb VH region on chromosome 14. These results suggest that the two orphon loci on chromosomes 15 and 16 may have been translocated simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nagaoka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Shin EK, Akamizu T, Matsuda F, Sugawa H, Fujikura J, Mori T, Honjo T. Variable regions of Ig heavy chain genes encoding antithyrotropin receptor antibodies of patients with Graves' disease. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.3.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have established EBV-transformed human B cell clones producing monoclonal antithyrotropin receptor antibodies from two patients with Graves' disease. We then isolated and characterized Ig H chain genes of 5 B cell clones with the thyrotropin-binding inhibitor Ig (TBII) activity and 4 B cell clones with the thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) activity. We found that VH gene families used in the 5 TBII clones were all VH-III, although those of the four TSAb clones were diverse, including VH-II, -III, -IV, all -V. Most of VH segments used in TBII and TSAb are commonly used in other autoantibodies and fetal liver repertoire. The frequency of somatic mutations in TBII was higher than that in TSAb. Inasmuch as the same germline VH segment (V3-23) was used for both TBII and TSAb, the frequency and position of somatic mutations may be important for generation of TBII and TSAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - T Akamizu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - F Matsuda
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - H Sugawa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - J Fujikura
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - T Mori
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - T Honjo
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Shin EK, Akamizu T, Matsuda F, Sugawa H, Fujikura J, Mori T, Honjo T. Variable regions of Ig heavy chain genes encoding antithyrotropin receptor antibodies of patients with Graves' disease. J Immunol 1994; 152:1485-92. [PMID: 8301147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have established EBV-transformed human B cell clones producing monoclonal antithyrotropin receptor antibodies from two patients with Graves' disease. We then isolated and characterized Ig H chain genes of 5 B cell clones with the thyrotropin-binding inhibitor Ig (TBII) activity and 4 B cell clones with the thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) activity. We found that VH gene families used in the 5 TBII clones were all VH-III, although those of the four TSAb clones were diverse, including VH-II, -III, -IV, all -V. Most of VH segments used in TBII and TSAb are commonly used in other autoantibodies and fetal liver repertoire. The frequency of somatic mutations in TBII was higher than that in TSAb. Inasmuch as the same germline VH segment (V3-23) was used for both TBII and TSAb, the frequency and position of somatic mutations may be important for generation of TBII and TSAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Haino M, Hayashida H, Miyata T, Shin EK, Matsuda F, Nagaoka H, Matsumura R, Taka-ishi S, Fukita Y, Fujikura J. Comparison and evolution of human immunoglobulin VH segments located in the 3' 0.8-megabase region. Evidence for unidirectional transfer of segmental gene sequences. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:2619-26. [PMID: 8300591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide sequences of 64 VH segments within the 3' 0.8-megabase region of the human immunoglobulin germ line VH locus were compared with trace evolution of human VH segments. Based on alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of 37 functional germ line VH segments, a phylogenetic tree was generated using the neighbor-joining method. The phylogenetic tree clearly supports the previous classification of human VH segments into six families, which correlate roughly with mouse VH families with varying conservation. The human VH-III family is most homologous to mouse VH segments, suggesting that members of the VH-III family may be conserved by some functional constraint. The 5'-flanking region of each family has a family-specific structure. The sequenced 64 VH segments include 31 pseudogenes, of which 24 were highly conserved. Unidirectional transfer of segmental sequences was identified within the VH-III and VH-IV families, providing clear examples of germ line gene conversion. Such gene conversion may contribute to conserve structures of pseudo-VH segments. Comparison of the VH-IV family members indicates that recent repeated duplications and frequent gene conversions are responsible for strong conservation of this family, although functional selection is not completely excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haino
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Matsumura R, Matsuda F, Nagaoka H, Fujikura J, Shin EK, Fukita Y, Haino M, Honjo T. Structural analysis of the human VH locus using nonrepetitive intergenic probes and repetitive sequence probes. Evidence for recent reshuffling. J Immunol 1994; 152:660-6. [PMID: 8283043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The organization and evolution of the 0.8-Mb JH-proximal region in the human Ig VH locus were studied by mapping DNA fragments hybridized to non-repetitive intergenic probes and by determination of the content and distribution of repetitive sequences. Southern blot analysis of cloned DNA covering the 0.8-Mb region with intergenic probes allowed us to map two to seven cross-hybridizing fragments by each probe. Clusters of fragments detected by an identical set of probes appeared repeatedly within the 0.8-Mb JH-proximal region. Distantly located VH segments flanked by a cluster of DNA fragments hybridized by the same set of probes were highly homologous to each other, providing evidence for recent frequent duplication and translocation throughout the locus. DNA fragments detected by the same set of probes were orientated with the same 5' to 3' order within the cluster, suggesting little involvement of inversion upon recombination in the locus. The content of interspersed Alu and L1 sequences in the VH locus were not significantly greater than the average in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matsumura
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Matsumura R, Matsuda F, Nagaoka H, Fujikura J, Shin EK, Fukita Y, Haino M, Honjo T. Structural analysis of the human VH locus using nonrepetitive intergenic probes and repetitive sequence probes. Evidence for recent reshuffling. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.2.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The organization and evolution of the 0.8-Mb JH-proximal region in the human Ig VH locus were studied by mapping DNA fragments hybridized to non-repetitive intergenic probes and by determination of the content and distribution of repetitive sequences. Southern blot analysis of cloned DNA covering the 0.8-Mb region with intergenic probes allowed us to map two to seven cross-hybridizing fragments by each probe. Clusters of fragments detected by an identical set of probes appeared repeatedly within the 0.8-Mb JH-proximal region. Distantly located VH segments flanked by a cluster of DNA fragments hybridized by the same set of probes were highly homologous to each other, providing evidence for recent frequent duplication and translocation throughout the locus. DNA fragments detected by the same set of probes were orientated with the same 5' to 3' order within the cluster, suggesting little involvement of inversion upon recombination in the locus. The content of interspersed Alu and L1 sequences in the VH locus were not significantly greater than the average in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matsumura
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - F Matsuda
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - H Nagaoka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - J Fujikura
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - E K Shin
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Y Fukita
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - M Haino
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - T Honjo
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Shin EK, Matsuda F, Fujikura J, Akamizu T, Sugawa H, Mori T, Honjo T. Cloning of a human immunoglobulin gene fragment containing both VH-D and D-JH rearrangements: implication for VH-D as an intermediate to VH-D-JH formation. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:2365-7. [PMID: 8370413 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830230947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell line we found an unusual immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement. Restriction mapping and sequencing analysis led us to conclude that VH-D and D-JH recombination took place in a single allele. Both VH-D and D-JH complexes still had their recombination signal sequences adjacent and the DNA sandwiched by these two complexes retained a germ-line configuration, suggesting the potential for a secondary rearrangement resulting in a VH-D(-D)-JH formation. With this finding, we propose a novel pathway, in which the VH-D complex is an intermediate in the formation of a functional VH exon.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Shin EK, Matsuda F, Ozaki S, Kumagai S, Olerup O, Ström H, Melchers I, Honjo T. Polymorphism of the human immunoglobulin variable region segment V1-4.1. Immunogenetics 1993; 38:304-6. [PMID: 8319982 DOI: 10.1007/bf00188810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Matsuda F, Shin EK. [Organization of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions genes]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 1993; 38:412-9. [PMID: 8488274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Matsuda
- Center for Moleculer Biology and Genetics, Kyoto University, Japan
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Matsuda F, Shin EK, Nagaoka H, Matsumura R, Haino M, Fukita Y, Taka-ishi S, Imai T, Riley JH, Anand R. Structure and physical map of 64 variable segments in the 3'0.8-megabase region of the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus. Nat Genet 1993; 3:88-94. [PMID: 8490662 DOI: 10.1038/ng0193-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed the physical map of the 0.8 megabase DNA fragment which contains the 3' 64 variable region (V) gene segments of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain (H) locus. The organization of the VH locus showed several features that indicate dynamic reshuffling of this locus. The sequenced 64 VH segments include 31 pseudogenes, of which 24 are highly conserved except for a few point mutations. Comparison of the 64 germline VH sequences shows that each VH family has conserved sequences, suggesting that there might be some genetic or selection mechanisms involved in maintenance of each family. The total number of the human VH segments was estimated to be about 120, including at least 7 orphons.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Matsuda
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Shin EK, Matsuda F, Nagaoka H, Fukita Y, Imai T, Yokoyama K, Soeda E, Honjo T. Physical map of the 3′ region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus: clustering of autoantibody-related variable segments in one haplotype. EMBO J 1991; 10:3641-5. [PMID: 1935893 PMCID: PMC453095 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb04930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We have constructed the physical map of the 3' region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) genes. DNA segments extending to 200 kb upstream of the JH segment were isolated in two YAC clones. Five VH segments were identified in this region in the 5' to 3' order, V(II-5), V(IV-4), V(I-3), V(I-2), and V(VI-1) segments which were all structurally normal and orientated in the same direction as the JH segments. From DNA of a different cell line we have isolated a cosmid contig containing the same DNA region which has extraordinary polymorphism. The YAC and cosmid DNAs were called haplotypes A and B, respectively. Haplotype B contained an additional VH-I segment (V(I-4.1b)) between the V(II-5) and V(IV-4) segments. V(I-4.1b) segment is almost identical to a previously published VH sequence encoding a rheumatoid factor. Another VH segment in the B haplotype (V(I-3b)) corresponding to the V(I-3) segment also showed 99.7% nucleotide sequence homology with an anti-DNA autoantibody VH sequence. However, none of the VH sequences in haplotype A showed such strong homology with autoantibody VH sequences. The results suggest that VH haplotypes may have linkage with autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Shin
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Matsuda F, Shin EK, Hirabayashi Y, Nagaoka H, Yoshida MC, Zong SQ, Honjo T. Organization of variable region segments of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain: duplication of the D5 cluster within the locus and interchromosomal translocation of variable region segments. EMBO J 1990; 9:2501-6. [PMID: 2114977 PMCID: PMC552279 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the organization of variable region (V) genes of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain (H) by cosmid cloning. We isolated two independent immunoglobulin D5 clusters (D5-a and D5-b) from cosmid libraries of the human genome. Restriction maps of these two regions showed that downstream 15 kb portions of the 55 kb overlap were different although upstream 40 kb portions were almost identical. Four more D segments, (DM, DXP, DA and DK) were found around the D5 segment in the conserved region of each cluster. Nucleotide sequences of the corresponding D segments from each cluster were almost identical and they encoded potentially functional D regions. Analysis using human-rodent somatic cell hybrids demonstrated that both clusters were located in the immunoglobulin heavy chain (H) locus on chromosome 14, suggesting that the D5-a and D5-b regions evolved by internal duplication within this locus. We also isolated a 60 kb DNA region carrying four VH segments, designated as VH-F region, which was located on chromosome 16. Nucleotide sequences of the four VH segments were determined. Two of them encoded potentially functional VH segments, and the other two were pseudogenes. Some more VH segments were found to be located outside chromosome 14, by Southern blot hybridization of human-rodent hybrid cell DNAs. These results provide further evidence that the human VH locus has undergone recent reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Matsuda
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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Sato T, Matsuda F, Lee KH, Shin EK, Honjo T. Physical linkage of a variable region segment and the joining region segment of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 154:265-71. [PMID: 2840067 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(88)90679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated overlapping cosmid clones containing both human VH-VI and D gene segments from genomic libraries of a human lymphocyte line which has the germline context of the immunoglobulin loci. Characterization of the cosmid clones revealed that the VH-VI gene was located about 20 kb upstream to the D4 segment with the same transcriptional orientation relative to the D and JH segments. No other VH genes were found downstream to the VH-VI gene using VH probes hybridizing all the six human VH families so far identified. The results indicate that the VH-VI gene is the most proximal VH segments among the known VH family members and that the distance between the VH and JH segments is not longer than 70 kb in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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