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Kitamura M, Calomeni E, Tahbaz M, Satoskar AA. Osmotic nephrosis after intravenous contrast media. J Nephrol 2022; 36:673-674. [PMID: 36418778 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mineaki Kitamura
- Division of Renal Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 8528501, Japan
| | - Edward Calomeni
- Division of Renal Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Mahyar Tahbaz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, West Virginia Medical Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Anjali A Satoskar
- Division of Renal Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA.
- Division of Renal and Transplant Pathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 320 W 10th Ave., M015 Starling Loving Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Brodsky SV, Mhaskar NS, Thiruveedi S, Dhingra R, Reuben SC, Calomeni E, Ivanov I, Satoskar A, Hemminger J, Nadasdy G, Hebert L, Rovin B, Nadasdy T. Acute kidney injury aggravated by treatment initiation with apixaban: Another twist of anticoagulant-related nephropathy. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2017; 36:387-392. [PMID: 29285431 PMCID: PMC5743048 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.2017.36.4.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) was initially described in patients on warfarin (as warfarin-related nephropathy) and recently in those using dabigatran. Herein, we report clinical history and kidney biopsy findings in a patient on apixaban (Eliquis). Initiation of treatment with apixaban resulted in aggravation of preexisting mild acute kidney injury (AKI). A few days after apixaban therapy, the patient became oligoanuric, and kidney biopsy showed severe acute tubular necrosis with numerous occlusive red blood cell casts. Only one out of 68 glomeruli with open capillary loops had small segmental cellular crescent. Therefore, there was major discrepancy between the degree of glomerular injury and the glomerular hematuria. Considering that the onset of this AKI was associated with apixaban treatment initiation, we propose that this patient had ARN associated with factor Xa inhibitor (apixaban), which has not previously been described. Monitoring of kidney function is recommended after initiation of anticoagulant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Brodsky
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nilesh S Mhaskar
- Department of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Rajnish Dhingra
- Department of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Sharon C Reuben
- Department of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kettering Hospital, Kettering, OH, USA
| | - Edward Calomeni
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Iouri Ivanov
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anjali Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Hemminger
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gyongyi Nadasdy
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lee Hebert
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brad Rovin
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tibor Nadasdy
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Satoskar AA, Suleiman S, Ayoub I, Hemminger J, Parikh S, Brodsky SV, Bott C, Calomeni E, Nadasdy GM, Rovin B, Hebert L, Nadasdy T. Staphylococcus Infection-Associated GN - Spectrum of IgA Staining and Prevalence of ANCA in a Single-Center Cohort. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:39-49. [PMID: 27821389 PMCID: PMC5220658 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.05070516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus infection-associated GN (SAGN) is a well recognized disease entity, particularly because of the frequent IgA-dominant glomerular immunoglobulin staining on kidney biopsy. Biopsy features can resemble two other disease entities - primary IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis - posing a diagnostic pitfall. This is clinically relevant because of the crucial difference in the therapeutic approach. The diagnosis of SAGN is further complicated by the variability in the degree of glomerular IgA (and C3) staining, the extent of electron dense immune-type deposits, and positive ANCA serology in some patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We performed a thorough histopathologic review of our single-center cohort of 78 culture-proven SAGN biopsies to assess the spectrum of IgA staining, prevalence of ANCA serology, prevalence of subepithelial "humps," and other histologic features to distinguish from primary IgA nephropathy. RESULTS Among the 78 SAGN biopsies, IgA staining was trace in 25%, mild in 19%, moderate in 44%, and strong in 12% of the cases. C3 was frequently moderate-to-strong but was trace in 14% of the biopsies. Concomitantly trace IgA, IgG, and C3 (pauci-immune pattern) was seen in 13%. Crescents were present in 35% of the SAGN biopsies. Out of 41 patients tested for ANCA, nine (22%) were positive, including patients with endocarditis and other infections. Subepithelial humps were identified in only 31% of the SAGN biopsies. CONCLUSIONS SAGN biopsies show marked variability in IgA immunofluorescence staining and low frequency of subepithelial humps compared with poststreptococcal GN. Occasional ANCA positivity is present in cases of SAGN, even in infections other than endocarditis. Therefore, biopsy diagnosis can be difficult particularly when clinical symptoms of infection are subtle. Both the pathologist and the nephrologist should be aware of these diagnostic pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Ayoub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Samir Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | - Brad Rovin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lee Hebert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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Lezama-Dávila CM, Pan L, Isaac-Márquez AP, Terrazas C, Oghumu S, Isaac-Márquez R, Pech-Dzib MY, Barbi J, Calomeni E, Parinandi N, Kinghorn AD, Satoskar AR. Pentalinon andrieuxii root extract is effective in the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania mexicana. Phytother Res 2013; 28:909-16. [PMID: 24347110 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) manifests as localized skin lesions, which lead to significant tissue destruction and disfigurement. In the Yucatan Peninsula, Mayan traditional healers use Pentalinon andrieuxii Muell.-Arg. (Apocynaceae) roots for the topical treatment of CL. Here, we studied the effect of P. andrieuxii root hexane extract (PARE) on the parasites and host cells in vitro and examined its efficacy in the topical treatment of CL caused by Leishmania mexicana. PARE exhibited potent antiparasitic activity in vitro against promastigotes as well as amastigotes residing in macrophages. Electron microscopy of PARE-treated parasites revealed direct membrane damage. PARE also activated nuclear factor kappaB and enhanced interferon-γ receptor and MHC class II expression and TNF-α production in macrophages. In addition, PARE induced production of the Th1 promoting cytokine IL-12 in dendritic cells as well as enhanced expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86. In vivo studies showed that L. mexicana-infected mice treated by topical application of PARE resulted in the significant reduction in lesion size and parasite burden compared to controls. These findings indicate that PARE could be used as an alternative therapy for the topical treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Lezama-Dávila
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Ozcan A, Ware K, Calomeni E, Nadasdy T, Forbes R, Satoskar AA, Nadasdy G, Rovin BH, Hebert LA, Brodsky SV. 5/6 nephrectomy as a validated rat model mimicking human warfarin-related nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 2012; 35:356-64. [PMID: 22473220 DOI: 10.1159/000337918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We previously reported that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving warfarin therapy and whose international normalized ratio increases to >3.0 may develop acute kidney injury (AKI) as a result of glomerular hemorrhage and formation of obstructive red blood cell (RBC) casts. We named this condition warfarin-related nephropathy (WRN). We also previously reported that acute excessive anticoagulation with brodifacoum (superwarfarin) induces AKI in 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NE) rats. Limitations of the brodifacoum model precluded a careful assessment of dose-response relationships. METHODS Warfarin treatment was used in 5/6NE. RESULTS Herein we report that warfarin treatment of 5/6NE rats resulted in a dose-dependent increase in serum creatinine (SC). The increase in SC following warfarin treatment was greater at 3 and 19 weeks after the ablative surgery, than that observed 8 weeks after the ablative surgery. The SC increase was correlated with the prothrombin time increase. Morphologically, 5/6NE, but not control rats, had acute tubular injury with RBC and RBC casts in the tubules. Treatment with vitamin K prevented SC increase and morphologic changes in the kidney associated with warfarin treatment. A single episode of WRN did not affect the progression of CKD in 5/6NE. CONCLUSION (1) The 5/6NE model of CKD is an appropriate animal model to study the pathogenesis of WRN. (2) The pharmacokinetics of warfarin is better suited to the study of WRN than that of brodifacoum. (3) The more advanced stages of 5/6NE are more susceptible to WRN than the earlier stages. (4) Vitamin K treatment prevents WRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozcan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Satoskar AA, Calomeni E, Nadasdy G, Tozbikan G, Hitchcock C, Hebert L, Nadasdy T. Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis with Splenic Involvement: A Detailed Autopsy Study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2009; 32:113-21. [DOI: 10.1080/01913120801937723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Brodsky SV, Satoskar A, Chen J, Nadasdy G, Eagen JW, Hamirani M, Hebert L, Calomeni E, Nadasdy T. Acute kidney injury during warfarin therapy associated with obstructive tubular red blood cell casts: a report of 9 cases. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 54:1121-6. [PMID: 19577348 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) during warfarin therapy usually is hemodynamic secondary to massive blood loss. Here, we report pathological findings in kidney biopsy specimens from 9 patients with warfarin overdose, hematuria, and AKI. Kidney biopsy specimens from patients on warfarin therapy with AKI were identified in our database within a 5-year period. Each kidney biopsy specimen was evaluated by using semiquantitative morphometric techniques, and medical history was reviewed for conditions explaining AKI. Biopsy specimens with morphological findings of active glomerulonephritis and active inflammatory lesions were excluded from the study. Biopsy specimens from 9 patients were selected. At presentation with AKI, each patient had an abnormal international normalized ratio (mean 4.4 +/- 0.7 IU) and increased serum creatinine level (mean, 4.3 +/- 0.8 mg/dL). Morphologically, each biopsy specimen showed evidence of acute tubular injury and glomerular hemorrhage: red blood cells (RBCs) in Bowman space and numerous occlusive RBC casts in tubules. Each biopsy specimen showed chronic kidney injury. Six of 9 patients did not recover from AKI. These data suggest that warfarin therapy can result in AKI by causing glomerular hemorrhage and renal tubular obstruction by RBC casts. Our experience suggests that this may be a potentially serious complication of warfarin therapy, especially in older patients with underlying chronic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Brodsky
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Satoskar AA, Calomeni E, Bott C, Nadasdy GM, Nadasdy T. Focal Glomerular Immune Complex Deposition: Possible Role of Periglomerular Fibrosis/Atubular Glomeruli. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2009; 133:283-8. [DOI: 10.5858/133.2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context.—Consensus exists among renal pathologists that, in biopsies with immune complex glomerulonephritis, even a single glomerulus with open capillary loops may be sufficient for immunofluorescence and/or electron microscopy evaluation because immune complex deposition is a diffuse phenomenon. However, we have encountered renal biopsies with focal absence of immune complexes in glomeruli on either immunofluorescence or electron microscopy examination despite presence of open glomerular capillary loops.
Objective.—To evaluate renal biopsies with focal immune complex deposition and look for any subtle or unusual morphologic changes in the glomeruli (and in the biopsy in general).
Design.—Native and transplant renal biopsies were reviewed. All biopsies had been triaged and processed according to our routine protocol for light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy examination.
Results.—Of 2018 renal biopsies from December 2005 to December 2007, we found 10 such biopsies; 5 native and 5 transplant kidney biopsies. We found that the glomeruli with absent immune complex deposits had periglomerular fibrosis with open, albeit, wrinkled appearing capillary loops but no glomerular sclerosis.
Conclusions.—We hypothesize that these histologic features are indicative of nonfunctional glomeruli and may be associated with disconnection between the Bowman capsule and proximal tubule (atubular glomeruli). These glomeruli may not have effective filtration, despite some degree of circulation through the open capillary loops, and therefore are unable to accumulate immune complex deposits. If biopsies are small and only such glomeruli are available for immunofluorescence or electron microscopy examination, the absence of immune complex deposition in them should be evaluated carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali A. Satoskar
- From the Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Edward Calomeni
- From the Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Cherri Bott
- From the Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Gyongyi M. Nadasdy
- From the Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Tibor Nadasdy
- From the Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus
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Gao JX, Chen L, Calomeni E, Wen J, Shen R. Natural killer dendritic cells are an intermediate of developing dendritic cells (82.6). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.82.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural killer dendritic cells (NKDCs) appear to emerge as a distinct dendritic cell (DC) subset in human and rodents, which have the functions of both natural killer (NK) cells and DCs. However, the developmental relationship of NKDCs (CD11c+K1.1+) to CD11c+NK1.1− DCs has not been addressed. Herein, we show that NKDCs exclusively exist in the compartment of CD11c+MHC II− cells in the steady state, and express variable levels of DC subset markers, such as Interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDC) marker B220, in a tissue-dependent manner. They can differentiate into NK1.1− DCs accompanied by the up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and down-regulation of NK1.1 upon adoptive transfer. However, NK cells (NK1.1+CD11c−) did not differentiate into NK1.1+CD11c+ cells upon adoptive transfer. Bone marrow (BM)-derived Ly6C+ monocytes can be a potential progenitor of NKDCs, as some of them can differentiate into CD11c+NK1.1+ as well as CD11c+NK1.1− cells in vivo. The steady NKDCs have great capacity for lysis of tumor cells, but little capability to present antigens. Our studies suggest that NKDCs are an intermediate of developing DCs with the unique surface phenotype of CD11c+NK1.1+MHC-II−, strong cytotoxic function, and poor capability of antigen presentation in the steady state, and they probably play a critical role in linking innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Gao
- Pathology, The Ohio State University, 129 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Li Chen
- Pathology, The Ohio State University, 129 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Edward Calomeni
- Pathology, The Ohio State University, 129 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Jing Wen
- Pathology, The Ohio State University, 129 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Rulong Shen
- Pathology, The Ohio State University, 129 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
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Chen L, Calomeni E, Wen J, Ozato K, Shen R, Gao JX. Natural killer dendritic cells are an intermediate of developing dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81:1422-33. [PMID: 17332372 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NK dendritic cells (DCs; NKDCs) appear to emerge as a distinct DC subset in humans and rodents, which have the functions of NK cells and DCs. However, the developmental relationship of NKDCs (CD11c(+)NK1.1(+)) to CD11c(+)NK1.1(-) DCs has not been addressed. Herein, we show that NKDCs exist exclusively in the compartment of CD11c(+)MHC II(-) cells in the steady state and express variable levels of DC subset markers, such as the IFN-producing killer DC marker B220, in a tissue-dependent manner. They can differentiate into NK1.1(-) DCs, which is accompanied by the up-regulation of MHC Class II molecules and down-regulation of NK1.1 upon adoptive transfer. However, NK cells (NK(+)CD11c(-)) did not differentiate into NK1.1(+)CD11c(+) cells upon adoptive transfer. Bone marrow-derived Ly6C(+) monocytes can be a potential progenitor of NKDCs, as some of them can differentiate into CD11c(+)NK1.1(+) as well as CD11c(+)NK1.1(-) cells in vivo. The steady-state NKDCs have a great capacity to lyse tumor cells but little capability to present antigens. Our studies suggest that NKDCs are an intermediate of developing DCs. These cells appear to bear the unique surface phenotype of CD11c(+)NK1.1(+)MHC II(-) and possess strong cytotoxic function yet show a poor ability to present antigen in the steady state. These findings suggest that NKDCs may play a critical role in linking innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, 129 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the Rab GTPase family regulate intracellular protein trafficking, but the specific function of Rab24 remains unknown. Several attributes distinguish this protein from other members of the Rab family, including a low intrinsic GTPase activity. RESULTS The functions of other Rab proteins have been defined through the use of dominant-negative mutants with amino acid substitutions in the conserved N(T)KxD nucleotide binding motif. Surprisingly, when such Rab24 constructs were expressed in cultured cells, they accumulated in nuclear inclusions which disrupted the integrity of the nuclear envelope. The inclusions reacted positively with antibodies against ubiquitin and Hsp70, similar to protein aggregates observed in polyglutamine disorders. They also appeared to sequester importin-beta and GFP-coupled glucocorticoid receptor. Other Rab GTPases with similar mutations in the N(T)KxD motif were never found in inclusions, suggesting that the unusual localization of Rab24 is not related solely to misfolding of its nucleotide-free form. Studies with Rab24/Rab1B chimeras indicated that targeting of the mutant protein to inclusions requires the unique C-terminal domain of Rab24. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that mutations in Rab24 can trigger a cytopathic cellular response involving accumulation of nuclear inclusions. If the N(T)KxD mutants of Rab24 function as dominant suppressors, these studies may point to a unique role for Rab24 in degradation of misfolded cellular proteins or trafficking of proteins to the nuclear envelope. However, we cannot yet eliminate the possibility that these phenomena are related to unusual non-physiological protein interactions with the mutant form of Rab24.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Maltese
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Soule
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - William Gunning
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Edward Calomeni
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Matson DO, Estes MK, Glass RI, Bartlett AV, Penaranda M, Calomeni E, Tanaka T, Nakata S, Chiba S. Human calicivirus-associated diarrhea in children attending day care centers. J Infect Dis 1989; 159:71-8. [PMID: 2535867 PMCID: PMC7110199 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/159.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated human calicivirus (HCV)-associated diarrhea in children attending day care centers by using stool specimens collected in 1981-1983. We used a screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) derived from reagents prepared against the Sapporo strain of HCV and confirmed positive results with a blocking ELISA and immunosorbent electron microscopy. HCV was detected in 11 (2.9%) of 375 diarrheal stools and in none of 86 stools from asymptomatic contacts. This incidence rate was half that noted for rotaviruses and higher than that noted for Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella in the original study. HCV was found in stool specimens from children in nine day care centers; HCV-associated diarrhea was sporadic, occurred with greater frequency in young children, and had a summer-fall predominance. Our results indicate that HCV is an important cause of diarrhea in day care centers and that frozen stool samples can yield epidemiological data on HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Matson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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