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Siniavin AE, Gushchin VA, Shastina NS, Darnotuk ES, Luyksaar SI, Russu LI, Inshakova AM, Shidlovskaya EV, Vasina DV, Kuznetsova NA, Savina DM, Zorkov ID, Dolzhikova IV, Sheremet AB, Logunov DY, Zigangirova NA, Gintsburg AL. New conjugates based on N4-hydroxycytidine with more potent antiviral efficacy in vitro than EIDD-2801 against SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105871. [PMID: 38555022 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 continues due to genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2. Highly mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2 have an increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Due to the emergence of various new variants of the virus, there is an urgent need to develop broadly effective specific drugs for therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801, MK-4482), is an orally bioavailable ribonucleoside analogue of β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), has demonstrated efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and was recently approved for COVID-19 treatment. To improve antiviral potency of NHC, we developed a panel of NHC conjugates with lipophilic vectors and ester derivatives with amino- and carboxylic-acids. Most of the synthesized compounds had comparable or higher (2-20 times) antiviral activity than EIDD-2801, against different lineages of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, seasonal coronaviruses OC43 and 229E, as well as bovine coronavirus. For further studies, we assessed the most promising compound in terms of activity, simplicity and cost of synthesis - NHC conjugate with phenylpropionic acid (SN_9). SN_9 has shown high efficacy in prophylactic, therapeutic and transmission models of COVID-19 infection in hamsters. Importantly, SN_9 profoundly inhibited virus replication in the lower respiratory tract of hamsters and transgenic mice infected with the Omicron sublineages XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1.1. These data indicate that SN_9 represents a promising antiviral drug candidate for COVID-19 treatment, and NHC modification strategies deserve further investigation as an approach to develop prodrugs against various coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei E Siniavin
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir A Gushchin
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia; Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natal'ya S Shastina
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119571, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S Darnotuk
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119571, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey I Luyksaar
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid I Russu
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna M Inshakova
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119571, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Shidlovskaya
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Vasina
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Kuznetsova
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria M Savina
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya D Zorkov
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V Dolzhikova
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna B Sheremet
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y Logunov
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nailya A Zigangirova
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Gintsburg
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Department of Infectology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
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Mazunina EP, Gushchin VA, Kleymenov DA, Siniavin AE, Burtseva EI, Shmarov MM, Mukasheva EA, Bykonia EN, Kozlova SR, Evgrafova EA, Zolotar AN, Shidlovskaya EV, Kirillova ES, Krepkaia AS, Usachev EV, Kuznetsova NA, Ivanov IA, Dmitriev SE, Ivanov RA, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Trivalent mRNA vaccine-candidate against seasonal flu with cross-specific humoral immune response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381508. [PMID: 38690272 PMCID: PMC11058219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza remains a serious global health problem, leading to high mortality rates among the elderly and individuals with comorbidities. Vaccination is generally accepted as the most effective strategy for influenza prevention. While current influenza vaccines are effective, they still have limitations, including narrow specificity for certain serological variants, which may result in a mismatch between vaccine antigens and circulating strains. Additionally, the rapid variability of the virus poses challenges in providing extended protection beyond a single season. Therefore, mRNA technology is particularly promising for influenza prevention, as it enables the rapid development of multivalent vaccines and allows for quick updates of their antigenic composition. mRNA vaccines have already proven successful in preventing COVID-19 by eliciting rapid cellular and humoral immune responses. In this study, we present the development of a trivalent mRNA vaccine candidate, evaluate its immunogenicity using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, ELISA, and assess its efficacy in animals. We demonstrate the higher immunogenicity of the mRNA vaccine candidate compared to the inactivated split influenza vaccine and its enhanced ability to generate a cross-specific humoral immune response. These findings highlight the potential mRNA technology in overcoming current limitations of influenza vaccines and hold promise for ensuring greater efficacy in preventing seasonal influenza outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P. Mazunina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis A. Kleymenov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei E. Siniavin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Burtseva
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim M. Shmarov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenya A. Mukasheva
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniia N. Bykonia
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia R. Kozlova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elina A. Evgrafova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Zolotar
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Kirillova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S. Krepkaia
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Usachev
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Ivanov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey E. Dmitriev
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A. Ivanov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Infectiology Department, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Bykonia EN, Kleymenov DA, Gushchin VA, Siniavin AE, Mazunina EP, Kozlova SR, Zolotar AN, Usachev EV, Kuznetsova NA, Shidlovskaya EV, Pochtovyi AA, Kustova DD, Ivanov IA, Dmitriev SE, Ivanov RA, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Major Role of S-Glycoprotein in Providing Immunogenicity and Protective Immunity in mRNA Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccines Based on SARS-CoV-2 Structural Proteins. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:379. [PMID: 38675761 PMCID: PMC11053793 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants have evolved over time in recent years, demonstrating immune evasion of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies directed against the original S protein. Updated S-targeted vaccines provide a high level of protection against circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2, but this protection declines over time due to ongoing virus evolution. To achieve a broader protection, novel vaccine candidates involving additional antigens with low mutation rates are currently needed. Based on our recently studied mRNA lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) platform, we have generated mRNA-LNP encoding SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins M, N, S from different virus variants and studied their immunogenicity separately or in combination in vivo. As a result, all mRNA-LNP vaccine compositions encoding the S and N proteins induced excellent titers of RBD- and N-specific binding antibodies. The T cell responses were mainly specific CD4+ T cell lymphocytes producing IL-2 and TNF-alpha. mRNA-LNP encoding the M protein did not show a high immunogenicity. High neutralizing activity was detected in the sera of mice vaccinated with mRNA-LNP encoding S protein (alone or in combinations) against closely related strains, but was undetectable or significantly lower against an evolutionarily distant variant. Our data showed that the addition of mRNAs encoding S and M antigens to mRNA-N in the vaccine composition enhanced the immunogenicity of mRNA-N and induced a more robust immune response to the N protein. Based on our results, we suggested that the S protein plays a key role in enhancing the immune response to the N protein when they are both encoded in the mRNA-LNP vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia N. Bykonia
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Denis A. Kleymenov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei E. Siniavin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elena P. Mazunina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Sofia R. Kozlova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Anastasia N. Zolotar
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Evgeny V. Usachev
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Elena V. Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Andrei A. Pochtovyi
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daria D. Kustova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Igor A. Ivanov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey E. Dmitriev
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Roman A. Ivanov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia;
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Infectiology Department, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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4
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Vasina DV, Antonova NP, Shidlovskaya EV, Kuznetsova NA, Grishin AV, Akoulina EA, Trusova EA, Lendel AM, Mazunina EP, Kozlova SR, Dudun AA, Bonartsev AP, Lunin VG, Gushchin VA. Alginate Gel Encapsulated with Enzybiotics Cocktail Is Effective against Multispecies Biofilms. Gels 2024; 10:60. [PMID: 38247783 PMCID: PMC10815372 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new and effective antibacterials for pharmaceutical or cosmetic skin care that have a low potential for the emergence and expansion of bacterial resistance is of high demand in scientific and applied research. Great hopes are placed on alternative agents such as bactericidal peptidoglycan hydrolases, depolymerases, etc. Enzybiotic-based preparations are being studied for the treatment of various infections and, among others, can be used as topical formulations and dressings with protein-polysaccharide complexes. Here, we investigate the antibiofilm properties of a novel enzybiotic cocktail of phage endolysin LysSi3 and bacteriocin lysostaphin, formulated in the alginate gel matrix and its ability to control the opportunistic skin-colonizing bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as mixed-species biofilms. Our results propose that the application of SiL-gel affects different components of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances, disrupts the matrix, and eliminates the bacteria embedded in it. This composition is highly effective against biofilms composed of Gram-negative and Gram-positive species and does not possess significant cytotoxic effects. Our data form the basis for the development of antibacterial skin care products with a gentle but effective mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Vasina
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.A.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.V.G.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (V.G.L.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Nataliia P. Antonova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.A.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.V.G.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (V.G.L.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Elena V. Shidlovskaya
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.A.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.V.G.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (V.G.L.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.A.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.V.G.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (V.G.L.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Alexander V. Grishin
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.A.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.V.G.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (V.G.L.); (V.A.G.)
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A. Akoulina
- Faculty of Biology, MSU-BIT Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518115, China;
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Anastasiya M. Lendel
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.A.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.V.G.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (V.G.L.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Elena P. Mazunina
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.A.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.V.G.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (V.G.L.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Sofia R. Kozlova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.A.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.V.G.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (V.G.L.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Andrei A. Dudun
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Ave, 33, Bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anton P. Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir G. Lunin
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.A.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.V.G.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (V.G.L.); (V.A.G.)
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.A.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (A.V.G.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (V.G.L.); (V.A.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
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5
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Pochtovyi AA, Kustova DD, Siniavin AE, Dolzhikova IV, Shidlovskaya EV, Shpakova OG, Vasilchenko LA, Glavatskaya AA, Kuznetsova NA, Iliukhina AA, Shelkov AY, Grinkevich OM, Komarov AG, Logunov DY, Gushchin VA, Gintsburg AL. In Vitro Efficacy of Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Lineages XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.4, BQ.1.1.45, CH.1.1, and CL.1. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1533. [PMID: 37896937 PMCID: PMC10611309 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 continues, expressed by periodic wave-like increases in morbidity and mortality. The reason for the periodic increases in morbidity is the emergence and spread of novel genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2. A decrease in the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been reported, especially against Omicron subvariants. There have been reports of a decrease in the efficacy of specific antiviral drugs as a result of mutations in the genes of non-structural proteins. This indicates the urgent need for practical healthcare to constantly monitor pathogen variability and its effect on the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic drugs. As part of this study, we report the results of the continuous monitoring of COVID-19 in Moscow using genetic and virological methods. As a result of this monitoring, we determined the dominant genetic variants and identified the variants that are most widespread, not only in Moscow, but also in other countries. A collection of viruses from more than 500 SARS-CoV-2 isolates has been obtained and characterized. The genetic lines XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.4, BQ.1.1.45, CH.1.1, and CL.1, representing the greatest concern, were identified among the dominant variants. We studied the in vitro efficacy of mAbs Tixagevimab + Cilgavimab (Evusheld), Sotrovimab, Regdanvimab, Casirivimab + Imdevimab (Ronapreve), and Bebtelovimab, as well as the specific antiviral drugs Remdesivir, Molnupiravir, and Nirmatrelvir, against these genetic lines. At the current stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of mAbs developed against early SARS-CoV-2 variants has little prospect. Specific antiviral drugs retain their activity, but further monitoring is needed to assess the risk of their efficacy being reduced and adjust recommendations for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A. Pochtovyi
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria D. Kustova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei E. Siniavin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V. Dolzhikova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Elena V. Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | | | - Lyudmila A. Vasilchenko
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Arina A. Glavatskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Anna A. Iliukhina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Artem Y. Shelkov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Olesia M. Grinkevich
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | | | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
- Department of Infectiology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Kuznetsova NA, Ogarkova DA, Gushchin VA, Antipyat NА, Bacalin VV, Burgasova OA, Vasilchenko LA, Samkov AA, Simakova YV, Divisenko EV, Siniavin AE, Tkachuk AP, Kolobukhina LV, Shidlovskaya EV, Tyurin IN, Kruzhkova IS, Zlobin VI, Nikiforova MA, Odnoralov MA, Gintsburg AL. [Evaluation of the dynamics of detection of viable SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: Betacoronavirus: Sarbecovirus) in biological samples obtained from patients with COVID-19 in a health care setting, as one of the indicators of the infectivity of the virus]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:105-116. [PMID: 37264845 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study of the mechanisms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the basis for building a strategy for anti-epidemic measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding in what time frame a patient can spread SARS-CoV-2 is just as important as knowing the transmission mechanisms themselves. This information is necessary to develop effective measures to prevent infection by breaking the chains of transmission of the virus. The aim of the work is to identify the infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus in patient samples in the course of the disease and to determine the duration of virus shedding in patients with varying severity of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS In patients included in the study, biomaterial (nasopharyngeal swabs) was subjected to analysis by quantitative RT-PCR and virological determination of infectivity of the virus. RESULTS We have determined the timeframe of maintaining the infectivity of the virus in patients hospitalized with severe and moderate COVID-19. Based on the results of the study, we made an analysis of the relationship between the amount of detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA and the infectivity of the virus in vitro in patients with COVID-19. The median time of the infectious virus shedding was 8 days. In addition, a comparative analysis of different protocols for the detection of the viral RNA in relation to the identification of the infectious virus was carried out. CONCLUSION The obtained data make it possible to assess the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 detection and viral load in patients with COVID-19 and indicate the significance of these parameters for the subsequent spread of the virus and the organization of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Kuznetsova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - D A Ogarkova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - V A Gushchin
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - N А Antipyat
- Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Department of Health of the Moscow
| | | | | | - L A Vasilchenko
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A A Samkov
- Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Department of Health of the Moscow
| | - Y V Simakova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E V Divisenko
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A E Siniavin
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A P Tkachuk
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - L V Kolobukhina
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E V Shidlovskaya
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - I N Tyurin
- Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Department of Health of the Moscow
| | - I S Kruzhkova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - V I Zlobin
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - M A Nikiforova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - M A Odnoralov
- Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Department of Health of the Moscow
| | - A L Gintsburg
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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7
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Siniavin AE, Russu LI, Vasina DV, Shidlovskaya EV, Kuznetsova NA, Guschin VA, Gintsburg AL. Efficacy of favipiravir and molnupiravir against novel SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro and in vivo. BRSMU 2022. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2022.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease pandemic remains a significant global problem, resulting in hundreds of millions of cases and millions of deaths. The search for specific inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 for the treatment of this infection remains relevant. Drugs such as Favipiravir and Molnupiravir, which exhibit specific antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, are already being used to treat patients. However, there is limited evidence of their effectiveness, especially against novel genetic variants of the COVID-19 pathogen. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral effect of these drugs using an in vitro experimental model of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cell culture and an animal model of infection using Syrian hamsters. It has been established that Molnupiravir has an inhibitory effect against variants of the SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 values from 16.51 to 7.88 μM in vitro, and reduces the infectious titer of the virus in the lungs of animals by ~1.5 Log10 in vivo, in while Favipiravir shows lower activity and severe toxicity. Dose selection and frequency of use remain unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- AE Siniavin
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - LI Russu
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - DV Vasina
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - EV Shidlovskaya
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - NA Kuznetsova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - VA Guschin
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - AL Gintsburg
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Gushchin VA, Pochtovyi AA, Kustova DD, Ogarkova DA, Tarnovetskii IY, Belyaeva ED, Divisenko EV, Vasilchenko LA, Shidlovskaya EV, Kuznetsova NA, Tkachuk AP, Slutskiy EA, Speshilov GI, Komarov AG, Tsibin AN, Zlobin VI, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Major Genetic Lineages in Moscow in the Context of Vaccine Prophylaxis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314670. [PMID: 36498998 PMCID: PMC9736394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings collected over two and a half years of the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that the level immunity resulting from vaccination and infection is insufficient to stop the circulation of new genetic variants. The short-term decline in morbidity was followed by a steady increase. The early identification of new genetic lineages that will require vaccine adaptation in the future is an important research target. In this study, we summarised data on the variability of genetic line composition throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in Moscow, Russia, and evaluated the virological and epidemiological features of dominant variants in the context of selected vaccine prophylaxes. The prevalence of the Omicron variant highlighted the low effectiveness of the existing immune layer in preventing infection, which points to the necessity of optimising the antigens used in vaccines in Moscow. Logistic growth curves showing the rate at which the new variant displaces the previously dominant variants may serve as early indicators for selecting candidates for updated vaccines, along with estimates of efficacy, reduced viral neutralising activity against the new strains, and viral load in previously vaccinated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.A.G.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Andrei A. Pochtovyi
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.A.G.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Daria D. Kustova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya A. Ogarkova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elizaveta D. Belyaeva
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V. Divisenko
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A. Vasilchenko
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem P. Tkachuk
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Vladimir I. Zlobin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectiology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Siniavin AE, Novikov MS, Gushchin VA, Terechov AA, Ivanov IA, Paramonova MP, Gureeva ES, Russu LI, Kuznetsova NA, Shidlovskaya EV, Luyksaar SI, Vasina DV, Zolotov SA, Zigangirova NA, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Antiviral Activity of N 1,N 3-Disubstituted Uracil Derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710171. [PMID: 36077564 PMCID: PMC9456261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of the COVID-19 vaccines, the search for effective antiviral drugs for the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is still relevant. Genetic variability leads to the continued circulation of new variants of concern (VOC). There is a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antibody-based therapy, which raises concerns about the development of new antiviral drugs with a high spectrum of activity against VOCs. We synthesized new analogs of uracil derivatives where uracil was substituted at the N1 and N3 positions. Antiviral activity was studied in Vero E6 cells against VOC, including currently widely circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. All synthesized compounds of the panel showed a wide antiviral effect. In addition, we determined that these compounds inhibit the activity of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Our study suggests that these non-nucleoside uracil-based analogs may be of future use as a treatment for patients infected with circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei E. Siniavin
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signalling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.E.S.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, 400131 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.E.S.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Alexander A. Terechov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Ivanov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signalling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria P. Paramonova
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, 400131 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Elena S. Gureeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, 400131 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Leonid I. Russu
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Shidlovskaya
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei I. Luyksaar
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V. Vasina
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Zolotov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nailya A. Zigangirova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectiology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Klink GV, Safina KR, Nabieva E, Shvyrev N, Garushyants S, Alekseeva E, Komissarov AB, Danilenko DM, Pochtovyi AA, Divisenko EV, Vasilchenko LA, Shidlovskaya EV, Kuznetsova NA, Speranskaya AS, Samoilov AE, Neverov AD, Popova AV, Fedonin GG, Akimkin VG, Lioznov D, Gushchin VA, Shchur V, Bazykin GA. The Rise and Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 AY.122 Lineage in Russia. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac017. [PMID: 35371558 PMCID: PMC8966696 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Delta has outcompeted most preexisting variants of SARS-CoV-2, becoming the globally predominant lineage by mid-2021. Its subsequent evolution has led to the emergence of multiple sublineages, most of which are well-mixed between countries. By contrast, here we show that nearly the entire Delta epidemic in Russia has probably descended from a single import event, or from multiple closely timed imports from a single poorly sampled geographic location. Indeed, over 90 per cent of Delta samples in Russia are characterized by the nsp2:K81N + ORF7a:P45L pair of mutations which is rare outside Russia, putting them in the AY.122 sublineage. The AY.122 lineage was frequent in Russia among Delta samples from the start, and has not increased in frequency in other countries where it has been observed, suggesting that its high prevalence in Russia has probably resulted from a random founder effect rather than a transmission advantage. The apartness of the genetic composition of the Delta epidemic in Russia makes Russia somewhat unusual, although not exceptional, among other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galya V Klink
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia R Safina
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Nabieva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Shvyrev
- International Laboratory of Statistical and Computational Genomics, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya Garushyants
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Daria M Danilenko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrei A Pochtovyi
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Divisenko
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Vasilchenko
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrei E Samoilov
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Gennady G Fedonin
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry Lioznov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- First Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Shchur
- International Laboratory of Statistical and Computational Genomics, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgii A Bazykin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Klink GV, Safina K, Nabieva E, Shvyrev N, Garushyants S, Alekseeva E, Komissarov AB, Danilenko DM, Pochtovyi AA, Divisenko EV, Vasilchenko LA, Shidlovskaya EV, Kuznetsova NA, Samoilov AE, Neverov AD, Popova AV, Fedonin GG, Akimkin VG, Lioznov D, Gushchin VA, Shchur V, Bazykin GA. The rise and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 AY.122 lineage in Russia. medRxiv 2021:2021.12.02.21267168. [PMID: 34909799 PMCID: PMC8669866 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.02.21267168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delta has outcompeted most preexisting variants of SARS-CoV-2, becoming the globally predominant lineage by mid-2021. Its subsequent evolution has led to emergence of multiple sublineages, many of which are well-mixed between countries. AIM Here, we aim to study the emergence and spread of the Delta lineage in Russia. METHODS We use a phylogeographic approach to infer imports of Delta sublineages into Russia, and phylodynamic models to assess the rate of their spread. RESULTS We show that nearly the entire Delta epidemic in Russia has probably descended from a single import event despite genetic evidence of multiple Delta imports. Indeed, over 90% of Delta samples in Russia are characterized by the nsp2:K81N+ORF7a:P45L pair of mutations which is rare outside Russia, putting them in the AY.122 sublineage. The AY.122 lineage was frequent in Russia among Delta samples from the start, and has not increased in frequency in other countries where it has been observed, suggesting that its high prevalence in Russia has probably resulted from a random founder effect. CONCLUSION The apartness of the genetic composition of the Delta epidemic in Russia makes Russia somewhat unusual, although not exceptional, among other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galya V. Klink
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia Safina
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Nabieva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Shvyrev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya Garushyants
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Present address: National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrei A. Pochtovyi
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V. Divisenko
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A. Vasilchenko
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrei E. Samoilov
- Federal Budget Institution of Science “Central Research Institute for Epidemiology” of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey D. Neverov
- Federal Budget Institution of Science “Central Research Institute for Epidemiology” of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anfisa V. Popova
- Federal Budget Institution of Science “Central Research Institute for Epidemiology” of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady G. Fedonin
- Federal Budget Institution of Science “Central Research Institute for Epidemiology” of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vasiliy G. Akimkin
- Federal Budget Institution of Science “Central Research Institute for Epidemiology” of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Lioznov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- First Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- https://corgi.center/en/ (see the list of consortium members in Supplementary File 1)
| | - Vladimir Shchur
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgii A. Bazykin
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia
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12
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Kleymenov DA, Bykonia EN, Popova LI, Mazunina EP, Gushchin VA, Kolobukhina LV, Burgasova OA, Kruzhkova IS, Kuznetsova NA, Shidlovskaya EV, Divisenko EV, Pochtovyi AA, Bacalin VV, Smetanina SV, Tkachuk AP, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. A Deep Look Into COVID-19 Severity Through Dynamic Changes in Blood Cytokine Levels. Front Immunol 2021; 12:771609. [PMID: 34858428 PMCID: PMC8630739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.771609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An excessive inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be a major cause of disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Longitudinal analysis of cytokine release can expand our understanding of the initial stages of disease development and help to identify early markers serving as predictors of disease severity. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 46 cytokines (including chemokines and growth factors) in the peripheral blood of a large cohort of COVID-19 patients (n=444). The patients were classified into five severity groups. Longitudinal analysis of all patients revealed two groups of cytokines, characterizing the "early" and "late" stages of the disease course and the switch between type 1 and type 2 immunity. We found significantly increased levels of cytokines associated with different severities of COVID-19, and levels of some cytokines were significantly higher during the first three days from symptom onset (DfSO) in patients who eventually required intensive care unit (ICU) therapy. Additionally, we identified nine cytokines, TNF-α, IL-10, MIG, IL-6, IP-10, M-CSF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and IFN-α2, that can be used as good predictors of ICU requirement at 4-6 DfSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Kleymenov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniia N Bykonia
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov I Popova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena P Mazunina
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila V Kolobukhina
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Burgasova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nadezhda A Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Divisenko
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei A Pochtovyi
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria V Bacalin
- Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Artem P Tkachuk
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Infectiology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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13
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Nikiforova MA, Siniavin AE, Shidlovskaya EV, Kuznetsova NA, Guschin VA. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 viability on experimental surfaces over time. BRSMU 2021. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2021.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infected SARS-CoV-2 virus occurs not only through contact with an infected person, but also through surfaces with wich the illnes has contacted. The problem of preserving an infectious virus over time capable of infecting remains actual. We evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 viability preservation on different model surfaces over time. Ceramic tiles, metal (aluminum foil), wood (chipboard), plastic and cloth (towel) were used as model materials. Assessment of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was carried out by quantitative RT-PCR. Viable virus was determined by tissue culture assay on 293T/ACE2 cells. It was found that the SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on all studied surfaces for 360 minutes, but a significant decrease RNA by 1 log10 copies/ml was detected after contact of the virus with cloth (towel). While the viability of the virus was completely lost after 120 minutes. Type of experimental surface significantly affects viability preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Nikiforova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - AE Siniavin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - EV Shidlovskaya
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - NA Kuznetsova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - VA Guschin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Gushchin VA, Dolzhikova IV, Shchetinin AM, Odintsova AS, Siniavin AE, Nikiforova MA, Pochtovyi AA, Shidlovskaya EV, Kuznetsova NA, Burgasova OA, Kolobukhina LV, Iliukhina AA, Kovyrshina AV, Botikov AG, Kuzina AV, Grousova DM, Tukhvatulin AI, Shcheblyakov DV, Zubkova OV, Karpova OV, Voronina OL, Ryzhova NN, Aksenova EI, Kunda MS, Lioznov DA, Danilenko DM, Komissarov AB, Tkachuck AP, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Neutralizing Activity of Sera from Sputnik V-Vaccinated People against Variants of Concern (VOC: B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.617.3) and Moscow Endemic SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:779. [PMID: 34358195 PMCID: PMC8310330 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 2021 year, all the main six vaccines against COVID-19 have been used in mass vaccination companies around the world. Virus neutralization and epidemiological efficacy drop obtained for several vaccines against the B.1.1.7, B.1.351 P.1, and B.1.617 genotypes are of concern. There is a growing number of reports on mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD) increasing the transmissibility of the virus and escaping the neutralizing effect of antibodies. The Sputnik V vaccine is currently approved for use in more than 66 countries but its activity against variants of concern (VOC) is not extensively studied yet. Virus-neutralizing activity (VNA) of sera obtained from people vaccinated with Sputnik V in relation to internationally relevant genetic lineages B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.617.3 and Moscow endemic variants B.1.1.141 (T385I) and B.1.1.317 (S477N, A522S) with mutations in the RBD domain has been assessed. The data obtained indicate no significant differences in VNA against B.1.1.7, B.1.617.3 and local genetic lineages B.1.1.141 (T385I), B.1.1.317 (S477N, A522S) with RBD mutations. For the B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2 statistically significant 3.1-, 2.8-, and 2.5-fold, respectively, VNA reduction was observed. Notably, this decrease is lower than that reported in publications for other vaccines. However, a direct comparative study is necessary for a conclusion. Thus, sera from "Sputnik V"-vaccinated retain neutralizing activity against VOC B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.617.3 as well as local genetic lineages B.1.1.141 and B.1.1.317 circulating in Moscow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V. Dolzhikova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alexey M. Shchetinin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alina S. Odintsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Andrei E. Siniavin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signalling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Nikiforova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Andrei A. Pochtovyi
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Olga A. Burgasova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
- Moscow Healthcare Department, 127006 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila V. Kolobukhina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
- Moscow Healthcare Department, 127006 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anna A. Iliukhina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Anna V. Kovyrshina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Andrey G. Botikov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Aleksandra V. Kuzina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Daria M. Grousova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Amir I. Tukhvatulin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Olga V. Zubkova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | | | - Olga L. Voronina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Natalia N. Ryzhova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Ekaterina I. Aksenova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Marina S. Kunda
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Dmitry A. Lioznov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.L.); (D.M.D.); (A.B.K.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, First Pavlov State Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria M. Danilenko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.L.); (D.M.D.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Andrey B. Komissarov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.L.); (D.M.D.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Artem P. Tkachuck
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (A.S.O.); (A.E.S.); (M.A.N.); (A.A.P.); (E.V.S.); (N.A.K.); (O.A.B.); (L.V.K.); (A.A.I.); (A.V.K.); (A.G.B.); (A.V.K.); (D.M.G.); (A.I.T.); (D.V.S.); (O.V.Z.); (O.L.V.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.S.K.); (A.P.T.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Infectiology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
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