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Proença AB, Alexandre‐Santos B, Giori IG, Alex‐Marques JSF, Machado‐Santos C, Machado M, Magliano DC, da Nobrega ACL, Frantz EDC. Obesity-induced skeletal muscle remodeling: A comparative analysis of exercise training and ACE-inhibitory drug in male mice. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16025. [PMID: 38684378 PMCID: PMC11058004 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity over-activates the classical arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), impairing skeletal muscle remodeling. We aimed to compare the effect of exercise training and enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on RAS modulation in the skeletal muscle of obese animals. Thus, we divided C57BL/6 mice into two groups: standard chow (SC) and high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. At the eighth week, the HF-fed animals were divided into four subgroups-sedentary (HF), treated with enalapril (HF-E), exercise training protocol (HF-T), and combined interventions (HF-ET). After 8 weeks of treatment, we evaluated body mass and index (BMI), body composition, exercise capacity, muscle morphology, and skeletal muscle molecular markers. All interventions resulted in lower BMI and attenuation of overactivation in the classical arm, while favoring the B2R in the bradykinin receptors profile. This was associated with reduced apoptosis markers in obese skeletal muscles. The HF-T group showed an increase in muscle mass and expression of biosynthesis markers and a reduction in expression of degradation markers and muscle fiber atrophy due to obesity. These findings suggest that the combination intervention did not have a synergistic effect against obesity-induced muscle remodeling. Additionally, the use of enalapril impaired muscle's physiological adaptations to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Proença
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre‐Santos
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Isabele Gomes Giori
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Jaime Silva Filho Alex‐Marques
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Clarice Machado‐Santos
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Histology and Compared EmbryologyFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Marcus Machado
- Biomedical Science DepartmentRoss University School of Veterinary MedicineBasseterreSt. Kitts & Nevis
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute for Science & Technology—INCT Physical (in)Activity & Exercise, CNPqNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute for Science & Technology—INCT Physical (in)Activity & Exercise, CNPqNiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Proença AB, Medeiros GR, Reis GDS, Losito LDF, Ferraz LM, Bargut TCL, Soares NP, Alexandre-Santos B, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Magliano DC, Nobrega ACLD, Santos RAS, Frantz EDC. Adipose tissue plasticity mediated by the counterregulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system: Role of Mas and MrgD receptors. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38577921 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an endocrine system composed of two main axes: the classical and the counterregulatory, very often displaying opposing effects. The classical axis, primarily mediated by angiotensin receptors type 1 (AT1R), is linked to obesity-associated metabolic effects. On the other hand, the counterregulatory axis appears to exert antiobesity effects through the activation of two receptors, the G protein-coupled receptor (MasR) and Mas-related receptor type D (MrgD). The local RAS in adipose organ has prompted extensive research into white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (BAT), with a key role in regulating the cellular and metabolic plasticity of these tissues. The MasR activation favors the brown plasticity signature in the adipose organ by improve the thermogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipolysis, decrease the inflammatory state, and overall energy homeostasis. The MrgD metabolic effects are related to the maintenance of BAT functionality, but the signaling remains unexplored. This review provides a summary of RAS counterregulatory actions triggered by Mas and MrgD receptors on adipose tissue plasticity. Focus on the effects related to the morphology and function of adipose tissue, especially from animal studies, will be given targeting new avenues for treatment of obesity-associated metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Proença
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues Medeiros
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dos Santos Reis
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza da França Losito
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza Mazzali Ferraz
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thereza Cristina Lonzetti Bargut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nícia Pedreira Soares
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Salles ACP, Alexandre-Santos B, de Souza Carvalho T, Proença AB, Sepúlveda-Fragoso V, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM, da Nóbrega ACL, Frantz EDC, Magliano DC. ER stress improvement by aerobic training or enalapril differently ameliorates pathological cardiac remodeling in obese mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04925-1. [PMID: 38308790 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Overactivation of the classic arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the main mechanisms involved in obesity-related cardiac remodeling, and a possible relationship between RAS and ER stress in the cardiovascular system have been described. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate if activating the protective arm of the RAS by ACE inhibition or aerobic exercise training could overturn diet-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy by attenuating ER stress. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control (SC) or a high-fat diet (HF) for 16 weeks. In the 8th week, HF-fed animals were randomly divided into HF, enalapril treatment (HF-En), and aerobic exercise training (HF-Ex) groups. Body mass (BM), food and energy intake, plasma analyzes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), physical conditioning, and plasma ACE and ACE2 activity were evaluated. Cardiac morphology, and protein expression of hypertrophy, cardiac metabolism, RAS, and ER stress markers were assessed. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post-hoc. HF group had increased BM and SBP, and developed pathological concentric cardiac hypertrophy, with overactivation of the classic arm of the RAS, and higher ER stress. Both interventions reverted the increase in BM, and SBP, and favored the protective arm of the RAS. Enalapril treatment improved pathological cardiac hypertrophy with partial reversal of the concentric pattern, and slightly attenuated cardiac ER stress. In contrast, aerobic exercise training induced physiological eccentric cardiac hypertrophy, and fully diminished ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Conceição Pimenta Salles
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre-Santos
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais de Souza Carvalho
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Proença
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Sepúlveda-Fragoso
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
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Mesquita CT, Lacerda AGD, Urel ICDAB, Frantz EDC, Alves VDPV, Amorim LEDO, Coutinho BDA, Dalben LR, Abrantes JCDS, Veloso VD, Mello LLCD, Oliveira GMMD, Fernandes FDA. Gender Disparity in First and Senior Authorship in Brazilian Cardiology Journals. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:960-967. [PMID: 36541991 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the importance of women in clinical research, no assessment has been made of the fraction of women in a leadership positions in the Cardiology journals of the SBC. OBJECTIVES To assess the fraction of female authors in the International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences (IJCS) and the Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (ABC Cardiol) over the last decades. METHODS We searched the original articles of the ABC Cardiol, from 2000 to 2019, and of the IJCS, from 2010 to 2019. We surveyed the number of first and senior female authors and the total number of original articles from 2010 to 2019. We calculated the total proportion of female authorship and compared the first quinquennium with the second. Only data from the ABC Cardiol were analyzed to assess the temporal evolution of the two decades. We used the chi-square test to assess the differences within each journal and between them. The IBM® SPSS® software was used in the analyses. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS From 2010 to 2019, 1,157 original articles were published in the ABC Cardiol and 398 in the IJCS. We observed that women are more prevalent as first authors in the IJCS compared to the ABC Cardiol, but men prevail as senior authors in both journals. From 2010 to 2019, there was no significant change in the proportion of female authorship. Throughout the decades analyzed for the ABC Cardiol, there was a projection of linear growth of female authorship, with the slope of the line being greater in the first authorship than in senior authorship. CONCLUSIONS There is gender disparity, with lower female representativeness in authorship in the articles from the Brazilian Cardiology journals analyzed: Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia and International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. We believe that based on these results, more efforts should be implemented in the search for gender equity in the cardiology scientific production published by these journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tinoco Mesquita
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro/EBSERH, Niterói, RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando de Amorim Fernandes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro/EBSERH, Niterói, RJ - Brasil.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ - Brasil
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de Oliveira Lopes R, Lima GF, Mendes ABA, Autran LJ, de Assis Pereira NC, Brazão SC, Alexandre-Santos B, Frantz EDC, Scaramello CBV, Brito FCF, Motta NAV. Cilostazol attenuates cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation in hypercholesterolemic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:789-801. [PMID: 35384464 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic disease associated with pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative cardiovascular states. Cilostazol, a selective phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor (PDE3), is clinically used in the treatment of intermittent claudication and secondary prevention of cerebral infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of cilostazol and the molecular mechanisms involved in hypercholesterolemic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group (C) and control + cilostazol group (C+CILO), that were fed a standard chow diet, and hypercholesterolemic diet group (HCD) and HCD + cilostazol (HCD+CILO) that were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Cilostazol treatment started after 30 days for C+CILO and HCD+CILO groups. Animals were administered cilostazol once a day for 15 days. Subsequently, serum and left ventricles were extracted for evaluation of lipid profile, inflammatory, and oxidative biomarkers. The HCD group displayed increased serum lipid levels, inflammatory cytokines production, and cardiac NF-kB protein expression and decreased cardiac Nrf2-mediated antioxidant activity. Conversely, the cilostazol treatment improved all these cardiac deleterious effects, inhibiting NF-kB activation and subsequently decreasing inflammatory mediators, reestablishing the antioxidant properties through Nrf2-mediated pathway, including increased SOD, GPx, and catalase expression. Taken together, our results indicated that cilostazol protects hypercholesterolemia-induced cardiac damage by molecular mechanisms targeting the crosstalk between Nrf2 induction and NF-kB inhibition in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ferreira Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Araújo Mendes
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil.,Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology Doris Rosenthal, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lis Jappour Autran
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Nikolas Cunha de Assis Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Stephani Correia Brazão
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre-Santos
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences (LACE), Department of Morphology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences (LACE), Department of Morphology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christianne Brêtas Vieira Scaramello
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carla Ferreira Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Alice Vieira Motta
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
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Alexandre-Santos B, Magliano DC, Giori IG, Medeiros GRDO, Vieira CP, Conte-Junior CA, Nobrega ACLD, Frantz EDC. Renin-angiotensin system modulation through enalapril and/or exercise training improves visceral adiposity in obese mice. Life Sci 2022; 291:120269. [PMID: 34974075 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity-related metabolic diseases occur as a result of disruptions in white adipose tissue (WAT) plasticity, especially through visceral fat accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and bradykinin receptors modulation by enalapril treatment and/or exercise training on WAT morphology and related deleterious outcomes. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard chow or a high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. At the 8th week, HF-fed animals were divided into sedentary (HF), enalapril treatment (HF-E), exercise training (HF-T), and enalapril treatment plus exercise training (HF-ET) groups. Following the experimental protocol, body mass gain, adiposity index, insulin resistance, visceral WAT morphometry, renin-angiotensin system, and bradykinin receptors were evaluated. RESULTS The HF group displayed increased adiposity, larger visceral fat mass, and adipocyte hypertrophy, which was accompanied by insulin resistance, overactivation of Ang II/AT1R arm, and favoring of B1R in bradykinin receptors profile. All interventions ameliorated visceral adiposity and related outcomes by favoring the Ang 1-7/MasR arm and the B2R expression in B1R/B2R ratio. However, combined therapy additively reduced Ang II/Ang 1-7 ratio. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Ang 1-7/MasR arm and B2R activation might be relevant targets in the treatment of visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Alexandre-Santos
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele Gomes Giori
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Carla P Vieira
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
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Sepúlveda-Fragoso V, Alexandre-Santos B, Salles ACP, Proença AB, de Paula Alves AP, Vázquez-Carrera M, Nóbrega ACL, Frantz EDC, Magliano DC. Crosstalk between the renin-angiotensin system and the endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cardiovascular system: Lessons learned so far. Life Sci 2021; 284:119919. [PMID: 34480931 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) is a complex hormonal system present locally in several tissues such as cardiovascular organs. RAS deregulation through overactivation of the classical arm [Ang-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang-II/Ang type 1 receptor (AT1R)] has been linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. The ER stress is a condition that, if unresolved, might lead to heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. Accumulated evidence has shown that the RAS modulates the UPR activation. Several studies reported increased ER stress markers in response to Ang-II treatment, in both in vivo and in vitro models. Evidence has also pointed that targeting the RAS classical arm through RAS blockers, gene silencing or genetic models leads to lower levels of ER stress markers. Few studies demonstrated protective effects of the counter-regulatory arm (ACE-2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor) over ER stress. However, the crosstalk mechanisms between the arms of the RAS and ER stress remain unclear. In this review, we sought to explore the classical arm of the RAS as a key mechanism in UPR activation and to suggest a possible protective role of the counter-regulatory arm in mitigating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Sepúlveda-Fragoso
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre-Santos
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Conceição Pimenta Salles
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Proença
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Paula Alves
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
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Alexandre-Santos B, Alves R, Matsuura C, Sepúlveda-Fragoso V, Velasco LL, Machado MV, Vieira AB, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM, Tibiriçá E, Nóbrega ACLD, Magliano DC, Frantz EDC. Modulation of cardiac renin-angiotensin system, redox status and inflammatory profile by different volumes of aerobic exercise training in obese rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:125-136. [PMID: 32580045 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overactivation of the classical arm of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) occurs during inflammation, oxidative stress and obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. The activation of the protective arm of RAS may act to counterbalance the deleterious effects of the classical RAS. Although aerobic exercise training (AET) shifts the balance of the RAS towards the protective arm, little is known about the molecular adaptations to different volumes of AET. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of AET volume on the modulation of RAS, as well as on cardiac biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, in a diet-induced obesity model. Male Wistar rats were fed either control (CON) or high fat (HF) diet for 32 weeks. At week 20, HF group was subdivided into sedentary, low (LEV, 150 min/week) or high (HEV, 300 min/week) exercise volume. After 12 weeks of exercise, body mass gain, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated, as well as RAS, oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart. Body mass gain, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were higher in HF group when compared with SC group. Both trained groups restored systolic blood pressure and heart rate, but only HEV reduced body mass gain. Regarding the cardiac RAS, the HF group exhibited favoring of the classical arm and both trained groups shifted the balance towards the counterregulatory protective arm. The HF group had higher B1R expression and lower B2R expression than the control group, and B2R expression was reverted in both trained groups. The HF group also presented oxidative stress. The LEV and HEV groups improved the cardiac redox status by reducing Nox 2 and nitrotyrosine expression, but only the LEV group was able to increase the antioxidant defense by increasing Nrf2 signaling. While the HF group presented higher TNF-α, IL-6 and NFκB expression, and lower IL-10 expression, than the SC group, both training protocols improved the inflammatory profile. Although both trained groups improved the deleterious changes related to obesity cardiomyopathy, it is clear that the molecular mechanisms differ between them. Our results suggest that different exercise volumes might reach different molecular targets, and this could be a relevant factor when using exercise to manage obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Alexandre-Santos
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Alves
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matsuura
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Sepúlveda-Fragoso
- Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Vinícius Machado
- Biomedical Science Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Bomfim Vieira
- Biomedical Science Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibiriçá
- National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
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9
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França GDO, Frantz EDC, Magliano DC, Bargut TCL, Sepúlveda-Fragoso V, Silvares RR, Daliry A, Nascimento ARD, Borges JP. Effects of short-term high-intensity interval and continuous exercise training on body composition and cardiac function in obese sarcopenic rats. Life Sci 2020; 256:117920. [PMID: 32522571 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval and continuous short-term exercise on body composition and cardiac function after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in obese rats. METHODS Rats fed with a standard chow diet (SC) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks underwent systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycemia and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analyses. Then, animals fed with HFD were subdivided into three groups: sedentary (HFD-SED); moderate-intensity continuous training (HFD-MICT); and high-intensity interval training (HFD-HIIT). Exercised groups underwent four isocaloric aerobic exercise sessions, in which HFD-MICT maintained the intensity continuously and HFD-HIIT alternated it. After exercise sessions, all groups underwent global IRI and myocardial infarct size (IS) was determined histologically. Fat and muscle mass were weighted, and protein levels involved in muscle metabolism were assessed in skeletal muscle. RESULTS HFD-fed versus SC-fed rats reduced lean body mass by 31% (P < 0.001), while SBP, glycemia and body fat percentage were increased by 10% (P = 0.04), 30% (P = 0.006) and 54% (P < 0.001); respectively. HFD-induced muscle atrophy was restored in exercised groups, as only HFD-SED presented lower gastrocnemius (32%; P = 0.001) and quadriceps mass (62%; P < 0.001) than SC. PGC1-α expression was 2.7-fold higher in HFD-HIIT versus HFD-SED (P = 0.04), whereas HFD-HIIT and HFD-MICT exhibited 1.7-fold increase in p-mTORSer2481 levels compared to HFD-SED (P = 0.04). Although no difference was detected among groups for IS (P = 0.30), only HFD-HIIT preserved left-ventricle developed pressure after IRI (+0.7 mmHg; P = 0.9). SIGNIFICANCE Short-term exercise, continuous or HIIT, restored HFD-induced muscle atrophy and increased mTOR expression, but only HIIT maintained myocardial contractility following IRI in obese animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme de Oliveira França
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Department of Morphology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology - INCT (In)activity and Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Department of Morphology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Sepúlveda-Fragoso
- Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Department of Morphology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raquel Rangel Silvares
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Pereira Borges
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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10
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Alves R, Suehiro CL, Oliveira FGD, Frantz EDC, Medeiros RFD, Vieira RDP, Martins MDA, Lin CJ, Nobrega ACLD, Toledo-Arruda ACD. Aerobic exercise modulates cardiac NAD(P)H oxidase and the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in a mouse model of chronic fructose consumption. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:59-69. [PMID: 31647720 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00201.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of exercise on the cardiac nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) factor 2 (NRF2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway in an experimental model of chronic fructose consumption. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to Control, Fructose (20% fructose in drinking water), Exercise (treadmill exercise at moderate intensity), and Fructose + Exercise groups ( n = 10). After 12 wk, the energy intake and body weight in the groups were similar. Maximum exercise testing, resting energy expenditure, resting oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production increased in the exercise groups (Exercise and Fructose + Exercise vs. Control and Fructose groups, P < 0.05). Chronic fructose intake induced circulating hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperleptinemia and increased white adipose tissue depots, with no changes in blood pressure. This metabolic environment increased circulating IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac NF-κB-p65 and TNF-α expression, which were reduced by exercise ( P < 0.05). Cardiac ANG II type 1 receptor and NAD(P)H oxidase 2 (NOX2) were increased by fructose intake and exercise decreased this response ( P < 0.05). Exercise increased the cardiac expression of the NRF2-to-KEAP1 ratio and phase II antioxidants in fructose-fed mice ( P < 0.05). NOX4, glutathione reductase, and catalase protein expression were similar between the groups. These findings suggest that exercise confers modulatory cardiac effects, improving antioxidant defenses through the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway and decreasing oxidative stress, representing a potential nonpharmacological approach to protect against fructose-induced cardiometabolic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to evaluate the cardiac modulation of NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX), the NRF2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 pathway (KEAP), and the thioredoxin (TRX1) system through exercise in the presence of moderate fructose intake. We demonstrated a novel mechanism by which exercise improves cardiac antioxidant defenses in an experimental model of chronic fructose intake, which involves NRF2-to-KEAP1 ratio modulation, enhancing the local phase II antioxidants hemoxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1), and peroxiredoxin1B (PDRX1), and inhibiting cardiac NOX2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Alves
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Liyoko Suehiro
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Garcia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Frauches de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, Campus Itaquera, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Chin Jia Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Choqueta de Toledo-Arruda
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Alves-Pereira JL, Frantz EDC, Pires LAS, Babinski MA, da Fonte Ramos C. Effects of a high energy density diet in the "corpus cavernosum" of mice. Int J Impot Res 2018; 31:126-131. [PMID: 30327570 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction is a common condition that affects men over age 40. It is highly related to obesity. The corpus cavernosum is the most important structure involved in erection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the structure of the corpus cavernosum of mice fed with a high energy density diet (HED). At 3 months of age, male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a HED diet (50% lipids) or standard chow (SC) diet (10% lipids) for 14 weeks. Afterwards, the animals were euthanized and the corpus cavernosum was analyzed through stereology. Statistical significance was calculated by the student's t-test (p < 0.05). The group fed with HED diet showed higher values of body weight, blood pressure and higher rates of cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose from the second week to the end of the experiment. The HED group showed a significant increase in the connective tissue (15%) and a decrease in smooth muscle fibers (41%). The testosterone concentration in the HED group was 63% lower than in SC animals. Animals fed with a HED presented reduced testosterone serum levels and morphological changes on the corpus cavernosum, which may be related to erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Alves-Pereira
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Escola de Ciências da Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Castelo Branco, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Antonio Babinski
- Medical Sciences Post Graduation Program, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane da Fonte Ramos
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Frantz EDC, Giori IG, Machado MV, Magliano DC, Freitas FM, Andrade MSB, Vieira AB, Nóbrega ACL, Tibiriçá E. High, but not low, exercise volume shifts the balance of renin-angiotensin system toward ACE2/Mas receptor axis in skeletal muscle in obese rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E473-E482. [PMID: 28679623 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00078.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors that is linked to central obesity, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia, where the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may provide a link among them. This study aimed to evaluate volume exercise effects comparing low vs. high volume of chronic aerobic exercise on RAS axes in skeletal muscle in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model. For this, male Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed a standard chow (SC) diet or a high-fat (HF) diet for 32 wk. Animals receiving the HF diet were randomly divided into low exercise volume (LEV, 150 min/wk) and high exercise volume (HEV, 300 min/wk) at the 20th week. After 12 wk of aerobic treadmill training, the body mass and composition, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, RAS axes, insulin signaling, and inflammatory pathway were performed. HEV slowed the body mass gain, reduced intra-abdominal fat pad and leptin levels, improved total and peripheral body composition and inflammatory cytokine, reduced angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression, and increased Mas receptor protein expression compared with the HF animals. Sedentary groups (SC and HF) presented lower time to exhaustion and maximal velocity compared with the LEV and HEV groups. Both exercise training groups showed reduced resting systolic blood pressure and heart rate, improved glucose tolerance, IR, insulin signaling, and lipid profile. We conclude that the HEV, but not LEV, shifted the balance of RAS toward the ACE2/Mas receptor axis in skeletal muscle, presenting protective effects against the DIO model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Isabele Gomes Giori
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Marcus Vinícius Machado
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Fernanda Marques Freitas
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Mariana Sodré Boêta Andrade
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Aline Bomfim Vieira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil; and
| | - Eduardo Tibiriçá
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Frantz EDC, Medeiros RF, Giori IG, Lima JBS, Bento-Bernardes T, Gaique TG, Fernandes-Santos C, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM, Vieira CP, Conte-Junior CA, Oliveira KJ, Nobrega ACL. Exercise training modulates the hepatic renin-angiotensin system in fructose-fed rats. Exp Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28626963 DOI: 10.1113/ep085924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of exercise training on the hepatic renin-angiotensin system and their contribution to damage resulting from fructose overload in rats? What is the main finding and its importance? Exercise training attenuated the deleterious actions of the angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis and increased expression of the counter-regulatory (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin (1-7)/Mas receptor) axis in the liver. Therefore, our study provides evidence that exercise training modulates the hepatic renin-angiotensin system, which contributes to reducing the progression of metabolic dysfunction and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in fructose-fed rats. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome. We investigated whether the hepatic RAS is modulated by exercise training and whether this modulation improves the deleterious effects of fructose overload in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into (n = 8 each) control (CT), exercise control (CT-Ex), high-fructose (HFr) and exercise high-fructose (HFr-Ex) groups. Fructose-drinking rats received d-fructose (100 g l-1 ). After 2 weeks, CT-Ex and HFr-Ex rats were assigned to a treadmill training protocol at moderate intensity for 8 weeks (60 min day-1 , 4 days per week). We assessed body mass, glucose and lipid metabolism, hepatic histopathology, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity, the angiotensin concentration and the expression profile of proteins affecting the hepatic RAS, gluconeogenesis and inflammation. Neither fructose overload nor exercise training influenced body mass gain and serum ACE and ACE2 activity. The HFr group showed hyperinsulinaemia, but exercise training normalized this parameter. Exercise training was effective in preventing hepatic steatosis and in preventing triacylglycerol and glycogen accumulation. Furthermore, exercise improved the response to the deleterious effects of HFr overload by normalizing the gluconeogenesis pathway and the protein levels of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α. The HFr rats displayed increased hepatic ACE activity and protein expression and angiotensin II concentration, which were attenuated by exercise training. Exercise training restored the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis. Exercise training may favour the counter-regulatory ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis over the classical RAS (ACE/angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis), which could be responsible for the reduction of metabolic dysfunction and the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Frauches Medeiros
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele Gomes Giori
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Bento-Bernardes
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Gadioli Gaique
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Paulo Vieira
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karen Jesus Oliveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
Background: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a set of peptides, enzymes, and receptors specially involved in the control of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure (BP); however, some of its components have already been identified in the testis, such as angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, and renin. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether renin-angiotensin system blockers have effects on the testicular morphology of animals fed a high energy density (HED) diet. Materials and Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed initially a standard chow (SC) or a HED diet. After 8 weeks, HED animals were randomized into 4 groups, each group receiving one of the following treatments for the next 6 weeks: HED-A: aliskiren (50 mg/kg/d); HED-E: enalapril (30 mg/kg/d); HED-L: losartan (10 mg/kg/d); and untreated HED group. The BP was measured biweekly. At the end of treatment, all animals were killed and the testes were processed for morphometric and stereological parameters including density of seminiferous tubules per area, density of length and the total length of the seminiferous tubules, height of the epithelium, and diameter of the seminiferous tubules. Samples were tested for their homoscedasticity and the differences between the groups were tested by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Holm-Sidak post-test. In all cases, the significance level adopted was P ≤ .05. Results: Compared to SC, HED groups presented an increase in BP, normalized by all RAS blockers. However, the HED diet caused testis alterations that were not affected by aliskiren or losartan. Only enalapril maleate was capable of reversing such alterations. Conclusions: Further studies are still needed to answer why only enalapril was able to reveal the morphological changes caused by the high energy diet; so enalapril could be suggested as the drug of choice for patients with previous reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luiz Alves-Pereira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane da Fonte Ramos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Graus-Nunes F, Dalla Corte Frantz E, Lannes WR, da Silva Menezes MC, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Souza-Mello V. Pregestational maternal obesity impairs endocrine pancreas in male F1 and F2 progeny. Nutrition 2014; 31:380-7. [PMID: 25441581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal obesity on pancreas structure and carbohydrate metabolism in early adult life, focusing on the F1 and F2 generations after F0 maternal pregestational, gestation, and lactation high-fat diet (HF). METHODS C57 BL/6 female mice (F0) were fed standard chow (SC) or an HF diet for 8 wk before mating and during the gestation and lactation periods to provide the F1 generation (F1-SC and F1-HF). At 3 mo old, F1 females were mated to produce the F2 generation (F2-SC and F2-HF). The male offspring from all groups were evaluated at 3 mo old. RESULTS F0-HF and F1-HF dams were overweight before gestation and had a higher body mass gain and energy intake during gestation, although only F0-HF dams presented pregestational hyperglycemia. The F1-HF offspring had higher body mass, energy intake, fasting glucose levels, and were glucose intolerant compared with F1-SC offspring. These parameters were not significantly altered in F2-HF offspring. Both F1-HF and F2-HF offspring showed hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, decreased adiponectin levels, increased pancreatic mass, and islet volume density with elevated α- and β-cell mass, hypertrophied islet characterized by an altered distribution of α- and β-cells and weak pancreatic-duodenal homeobox (Pdx)1 immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS Maternal HF diet consumed during the preconception period and throughout the gestation and lactation periods in mice promotes metabolism and pancreatic programming in F1 and F2 male offspring, implying intergenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Graus-Nunes
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilian Rodrigues Lannes
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariel Caroline da Silva Menezes
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Frantz EDC, Penna-de-Carvalho A, Batista TDM, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Comparative Effects of the Renin–Angiotensin System Blockers on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in C57Bl/6 Mice. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2014; 12:191-201. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2013.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Penna-de-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais de Medeiros Batista
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Frantz EDC, Crespo-Mascarenhas C, Barreto-Vianna ARC, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Renin-angiotensin system blockers protect pancreatic islets against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67192. [PMID: 23894285 PMCID: PMC3718820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The associations between obesity, hypertension and diabetes are well established, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may provide a link among them. The effect of RAS inhibition on type 2 diabetes is still unclear; however, RAS seems to play an important role in the regulation of the pancreas and glucose intolerance of mice fed high-fat (HF) diet. Methods C57BL/6 mice fed a HF diet (8 weeks) were treated with aliskiren (50 mg/kg/day), enalapril (30 mg/kg/day) or losartan (10 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks, and the protective effects were extensively compared among groups by morphometry, stereological tools, immunostaining, Western blotting and hormonal analysis. Results All RAS inhibitors significantly attenuated the increased blood pressure in mice fed a HF diet. Treatment with enalapril, but not aliskiren or losartan, significantly attenuated body mass (BM) gain, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, improved the alpha and beta cell mass and prevented the reduction of plasma adiponectin. Furthermore, enalapril treatment improved the protein expression of the pancreatic islet Pdx1, GLUT2, ACE2 and Mas receptors. Losartan treatment showed the greatest AT2R expression. Conclusion Our findings indicate that ACE inhibition with enalapril attenuated several of the deleterious effects of the HF diet. In summary, enalapril appears to be responsible for the normalization of islet morphology and function, of alpha and beta cell mass and of Pdx1 and GLUT2 expression. These protective effects of enalapril were attributed, primarily, to the reduction in body mass gain and food intake and the enhancement of the ACE2/Ang (1-7) /Mas receptor axis and adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Crespo-Mascarenhas
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues C. Barreto-Vianna
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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