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He KJ, Gong G, Liang E, Lv Y, Lin S, Xu J. Pan-cancer analysis of 60S Ribosomal Protein L7-Like 1 (RPL7L1) and validation in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101844. [PMID: 38042135 PMCID: PMC10701367 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is an association between cancer and increased ribosome biogenesis. At present, the RPL7L1 (60S Ribosomal Protein L7-Like 1) were less reported by literature search. Study reports that RPL7L1 is associated with mouse embryonic and skeletal muscle. The study of RPL7L1 on tumors has not been reported. METHODS Our team downloaded the pan-cancer dataset that is uniformly normalized from the UCSC database (N=19131). Our study examined the relationship between RPL7L1 expression level and clinical prognosis with methylation, anti-tumour immunity, functional states, MSI, TMB, DNSss, LOH and chemotherapeutic responses in 43 cancer types and subtypes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS RPL7L1 was overexpressed in nine tumor types. Gene mutation, tumor microenvironment and methylation modification of RPL7L1 plays a key role in patient prognosis. And the high expression of RPL7L1 was associated with TMB, MSI, LOH especially LIHC and HNSC. We experimentally verified that genes can promote the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Our study suggested that RPL7L1 biomarker can be used for treating cancer, detecting it, and predicting its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jie He
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou city, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Guoyu Gong
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen China
| | - E Liang
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen China
| | - Yangbo Lv
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou city, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuiquan Lin
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou city, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou city, Zhejiang Province, China.
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2
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Sorensen SA, Gouwens NW, Wang Y, Mallory M, Budzillo A, Dalley R, Lee B, Gliko O, Kuo HC, Kuang X, Mann R, Ahmadinia L, Alfiler L, Baftizadeh F, Baker K, Bannick S, Bertagnolli D, Bickley K, Bohn P, Brown D, Bomben J, Brouner K, Chen C, Chen K, Chvilicek M, Collman F, Daigle T, Dawes T, de Frates R, Dee N, DePartee M, Egdorf T, El-Hifnawi L, Enstrom R, Esposito L, Farrell C, Gala R, Glomb A, Gamlin C, Gary A, Goldy J, Gu H, Hadley K, Hawrylycz M, Henry A, Hill D, Hirokawa KE, Huang Z, Johnson K, Juneau Z, Kebede S, Kim L, Lee C, Lesnar P, Li A, Glomb A, Li Y, Liang E, Link K, Maxwell M, McGraw M, McMillen DA, Mukora A, Ng L, Ochoa T, Oldre A, Park D, Pom CA, Popovich Z, Potekhina L, Rajanbabu R, Ransford S, Reding M, Ruiz A, Sandman D, Siverts L, Smith KA, Stoecklin M, Sulc J, Tieu M, Ting J, Trinh J, Vargas S, Vumbaco D, Walker M, Wang M, Wanner A, Waters J, Williams G, Wilson J, Xiong W, Lein E, Berg J, Kalmbach B, Yao S, Gong H, Luo Q, Ng L, Sümbül U, Jarsky T, Yao Z, Tasic B, Zeng H. Connecting single-cell transcriptomes to projectomes in mouse visual cortex. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.25.568393. [PMID: 38168270 PMCID: PMC10760188 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.25.568393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian brain is composed of diverse neuron types that play different functional roles. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing approaches have led to a whole brain taxonomy of transcriptomically-defined cell types, yet cell type definitions that include multiple cellular properties can offer additional insights into a neuron's role in brain circuits. While the Patch-seq method can investigate how transcriptomic properties relate to the local morphological and electrophysiological properties of cell types, linking transcriptomic identities to long-range projections is a major unresolved challenge. To address this, we collected coordinated Patch-seq and whole brain morphology data sets of excitatory neurons in mouse visual cortex. From the Patch-seq data, we defined 16 integrated morpho-electric-transcriptomic (MET)-types; in parallel, we reconstructed the complete morphologies of 300 neurons. We unified the two data sets with a multi-step classifier, to integrate cell type assignments and interrogate cross-modality relationships. We find that transcriptomic variations within and across MET-types correspond with morphological and electrophysiological phenotypes. In addition, this variation, along with the anatomical location of the cell, can be used to predict the projection targets of individual neurons. We also shed new light on infragranular cell types and circuits, including cell-type-specific, interhemispheric projections. With this approach, we establish a comprehensive, integrated taxonomy of excitatory neuron types in mouse visual cortex and create a system for integrated, high-dimensional cell type classification that can be extended to the whole brain and potentially across species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yun Wang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiuli Kuang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Chen
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Gu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zili Huang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Kim
- Allen Institute for Brain Science
| | | | | | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Yaoyao Li
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoran Popovich
- University of Washington, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Xiong
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science
| | - Jim Berg
- Allen Institute for Brain Science
| | | | | | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science
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Huang Y, Zhang L, Liu T, Liang E. LMNB1 targets FOXD1 to promote progression of prostate cancer. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:513. [PMID: 37840569 PMCID: PMC10570766 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box D1 (FOXD1) expression is upregulated in various types of human cancer. To the best of our knowledge, the roles of FOXD1 in prostate cancer (PC) remain largely unknown. The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset was used for the bioinformatics analysis of FOXD1 in PC. FOXD1 expression levels in normal immortalized human prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1) and prostate cancer cells were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. PC cell viability was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Transwell assays were performed to assess the migration and invasion of PC cells. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to validate the association between FOXD1 and lamin (LMN)B1. LMNB1 is an important part of the cytoskeleton, which serves an important role in the process of tumor occurrence and development, regulating apoptosis and DNA repair. FOXD1 expression was upregulated in PC tissues, with its high expression being associated with clinical stage and survival in PC. Knockdown of FOXD1 inhibited viability, migration and invasion of PC cells. FOXD1 positively regulated LMNB1 expression. The effect of FOXD1 knockdown on PC cells was reversed by LMNB1 overexpression. In conclusion, FOXD1, positively regulated by LMNB1, served as an oncogene in PC and may be a potential biomarker and treatment target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshe Huang
- Agriculture College, Innovation Center for Efficient Agricultural of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - Lai Zhang
- Agriculture College, Innovation Center for Efficient Agricultural of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - Tianlei Liu
- Agriculture College, Innovation Center for Efficient Agricultural of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - E Liang
- Agriculture College, Innovation Center for Efficient Agricultural of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
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Jin K, Yao Z, van Velthoven CTJ, Kaplan ES, Glattfelder K, Barlow ST, Boyer G, Carey D, Casper T, Chakka AB, Chakrabarty R, Clark M, Departee M, Desierto M, Gary A, Gloe J, Goldy J, Guilford N, Guzman J, Hirschstein D, Lee C, Liang E, Pham T, Reding M, Ronellenfitch K, Ruiz A, Sevigny J, Shapovalova N, Shulga L, Sulc J, Torkelson A, Tung H, Levi B, Sunkin SM, Dee N, Esposito L, Smith K, Tasic B, Zeng H. Cell-type specific molecular signatures of aging revealed in a brain-wide transcriptomic cell-type atlas. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.26.550355. [PMID: 38168182 PMCID: PMC10760145 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.550355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Biological aging can be defined as a gradual loss of homeostasis across various aspects of molecular and cellular function. Aging is a complex and dynamic process which influences distinct cell types in a myriad of ways. The cellular architecture of the mammalian brain is heterogeneous and diverse, making it challenging to identify precise areas and cell types of the brain that are more susceptible to aging than others. Here, we present a high-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing dataset containing ~1.2 million high-quality single-cell transcriptomic profiles of brain cells from young adult and aged mice across both sexes, including areas spanning the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. We find age-associated gene expression signatures across nearly all 130+ neuronal and non-neuronal cell subclasses we identified. We detect the greatest gene expression changes in non-neuronal cell types, suggesting that different cell types in the brain vary in their susceptibility to aging. We identify specific, age-enriched clusters within specific glial, vascular, and immune cell types from both cortical and subcortical regions of the brain, and specific gene expression changes associated with cell senescence, inflammation, decrease in new myelination, and decreased vasculature integrity. We also identify genes with expression changes across multiple cell subclasses, pointing to certain mechanisms of aging that may occur across wide regions or broad cell types of the brain. Finally, we discover the greatest gene expression changes in cell types localized to the third ventricle of the hypothalamus, including tanycytes, ependymal cells, and Tbx3+ neurons found in the arcuate nucleus that are part of the neuronal circuits regulating food intake and energy homeostasis. These findings suggest that the area surrounding the third ventricle in the hypothalamus may be a hub for aging in the mouse brain. Overall, we reveal a dynamic landscape of cell-type-specific transcriptomic changes in the brain associated with normal aging that will serve as a foundation for the investigation of functional changes in the aging process and the interaction of aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Carey
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Max Departee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Gary
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica Gloe
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josh Sevigny
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Josef Sulc
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Herman Tung
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Boaz Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Wyrick DG, Cain N, Larsen RS, Lecoq J, Valley M, Ahmed R, Bowlus J, Boyer G, Caldejon S, Casal L, Chvilicek M, DePartee M, Groblewski PA, Huang C, Johnson K, Kato I, Larkin J, Lee E, Liang E, Luviano J, Mace K, Nayan C, Nguyen T, Reding M, Seid S, Sevigny J, Stoecklin M, Williford A, Choi H, Garrett M, Mazzucato L. Differential encoding of temporal context and expectation under representational drift across hierarchically connected areas. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.02.543483. [PMID: 37333203 PMCID: PMC10274646 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The classic view that neural populations in sensory cortices preferentially encode responses to incoming stimuli has been strongly challenged by recent experimental studies. Despite the fact that a large fraction of variance of visual responses in rodents can be attributed to behavioral state and movements, trial-history, and salience, the effects of contextual modulations and expectations on sensory-evoked responses in visual and association areas remain elusive. Here, we present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study showing that hierarchically connected visual and association areas differentially encode the temporal context and expectation of naturalistic visual stimuli, consistent with the theory of hierarchical predictive coding. We measured neural responses to expected and unexpected sequences of natural scenes in the primary visual cortex (V1), the posterior medial higher order visual area (PM), and retrosplenial cortex (RSP) using 2-photon imaging in behaving mice collected through the Allen Institute Mindscope's OpenScope program. We found that information about image identity in neural population activity depended on the temporal context of transitions preceding each scene, and decreased along the hierarchy. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that the conjunctive encoding of temporal context and image identity was modulated by expectations of sequential events. In V1 and PM, we found enhanced and specific responses to unexpected oddball images, signaling stimulus-specific expectation violation. In contrast, in RSP the population response to oddball presentation recapitulated the missing expected image rather than the oddball image. These differential responses along the hierarchy are consistent with classic theories of hierarchical predictive coding whereby higher areas encode predictions and lower areas encode deviations from expectation. We further found evidence for drift in visual responses on the timescale of minutes. Although activity drift was present in all areas, population responses in V1 and PM, but not in RSP, maintained stable encoding of visual information and representational geometry. Instead we found that RSP drift was independent of stimulus information, suggesting a role in generating an internal model of the environment in the temporal domain. Overall, our results establish temporal context and expectation as substantial encoding dimensions in the visual cortex subject to fast representational drift and suggest that hierarchically connected areas instantiate a predictive coding mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Wyrick
- Department of Biology and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | - Nicholas Cain
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | | | - Jérôme Lecoq
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | - Matthew Valley
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | - Ruweida Ahmed
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | - Jessica Bowlus
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | | | | | - Linzy Casal
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | | | | | | | - Cindy Huang
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | | | - India Kato
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | - Josh Larkin
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | - Eric Lee
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | | | | | - Kyla Mace
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | - Chelsea Nayan
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | | | - Melissa Reding
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | - Sam Seid
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | - Joshua Sevigny
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | | | - Ali Williford
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | - Hannah Choi
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
- School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Oregon
| | - Marina Garrett
- Allen Institute, Mindscope program, University of Oregon
| | - Luca Mazzucato
- Department of Biology and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Oregon
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6
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Smith E, Naik A, Krist D, Shaffer A, Liang E, Goel M, Smith R. A Comparison of Modalities to Differentiate Radiation Necrosis from Tumor Progression: A Diagnostic Meta-Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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7
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether metformin is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between metformin and NAFLD that may predict the metformin potential of these lesions and new prevention strategies in NAFLD patients. METHODS The meta-analysis was analyzed by Revman 5.3 softwares systematically searched for works published through July 29, 2022. Network pharmacology research based on databases, Cytoscape 3.7.1 software and R software respectively. RESULTS The following variables were associated with metformin in NAFLD patients: decreased of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (mean difference [MD] = -10.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -21.85 to 0.16, P = .05); decreased of aspartate amino transferase (AST) level (MD = -4.82, 95% CI = -9.33 to -0.30, P = .04); decreased of triglyceride (TG) level (MD = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.26 to -0.08, P = .0002); decreased of total cholesterol (TC) level (MD = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.47 to -0.10, P = .003); decreased of insulin resistance (IR) level (MD = -0.42, 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.02, P = .04). In addition, body mass index (BMI) (MD = -0.65, 95% CI = -1.46 to 0.16, P = .12) had no association with metformin in NAFLD patients. 181 metformin targets and 868 NAFLD disease targets were interaction analyzed, 15 core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD were obtained. The effect of metformin on NAFLD mainly related to cytoplasm and protein binding, NAFLD, hepatitis B, pathway in cancer, toll like receptor signaling pathway and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The proteins of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF1A), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NFE2L2), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), PI3K catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) may the core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Metformin might be a candidate drug for the treatment of NAFLD which exhibits therapeutic effect on NAFLD patients associated with ALT, AST, TG, TC and IR while was not correlated with BMI. HIF1A, NFE2L2, NOS3, NR3C1, PIK3CA, and SIRT1 might be core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshe Huang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Yan
- An Shun City People’s Hospital, Anshun, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | - E Liang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | | | - Jingxin Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingxin Mao, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China (e-mail: )
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Higgins V, Nichols M, Gao H, Maravilla N, Liang E, Su J, Xu M, Rokhforooz F, Leung F. Defining blood gas analysis stability limits across five sample types. Clin Biochem 2022; 115:107-111. [PMID: 36126745 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Accurate reporting of blood gas samples is dependent upon following proper preanalytical sample handling requirements though there is variation for sample acceptability criteria across institutions. We examined five common sample types (arterial, venous, umbilical arterial, umbilical venous and capillary) stored at either room temperature or on crushed ice in a time series (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 180, 240 min) and applied local regulatory and/or institutional allowable performance limits to determine the need for cold preservation and/or maximum stability time for pH, pO2, pCO2, glucose, lactate, sodium, potassium, chloride, and ionized calcium where applicable in each sample type. Although changes in sample pO2 and/or lactate values were responsible, in part or in whole, for surpassing the allowable limits in nearly all sample types analyzed, this was not uniformly observed across sample types within the typical time limits that are referenced in literature. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cold preservation may not ubiquitously provide longer stability for blood gas specimens and this is dependent on the sample type and analyte in question. Nevertheless, these results demonstrate the known instability of pO2 and lactate and suggest that it may be possible to simplify the monitoring of preanalytical conditions by first evaluating pO2 and lactate in patient blood gas samples if applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Higgins
- DynaLIFE Medical Labs, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Nichols
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - H Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Maravilla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Su
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F Rokhforooz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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9
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Liang E, Zheng KQ, Yao K, Lo W, Hasson H, Zhang A, Burns M, Wong WH, Zhang Y, Dashko A, Quevedo H, Ditmire T, Dyer G. A scintillator attenuation spectrometer for intense gamma-rays. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:063103. [PMID: 35777994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new type of compact high-resolution high-sensitivity gamma-ray spectrometer for short-pulse intense gamma-rays (250 keV to 50 MeV) has been developed by combining the principles of scintillators and attenuation spectrometers. The first prototype of this scintillator attenuation spectrometer (SAS) was tested successfully in Trident laser experiments at LANL. Later versions have been used extensively in the Texas Petawatt laser experiments in Austin, TX, and more recently in OMEGA-EP laser experiments at LLE, Rochester, NY. The SAS is particularly useful for high-repetition-rate laser applications. Here, we give a concise description of the design principles, capabilities, and sample preliminary results of the SAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - K Q Zheng
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - K Yao
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Lo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - H Hasson
- Physics Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A Zhang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Burns
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - W H Wong
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Diagnostic Imaging Division, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Diagnostic Imaging Division, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - A Dashko
- High Energy Density Science Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H Quevedo
- High Energy Density Science Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T Ditmire
- High Energy Density Science Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Dyer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Huang Y, Liang E, Schaff E, Zhao B, Snyder K, Wen N, Chetty I, Shah M, Siddiqui S. Impact of MRI Sequence Resolution for Target Volume Definition in Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Zhang L, Zhao H, Ma Y, Cheng Y, Zhao Y, Cui J, Yang C, Zhang J, Wang P, Xu L, Yu J, Men L, Liang E, Yang D, Zhai Y. MA02.06 Phase 1b Study of Pelcitoclax (APG-1252) in Combination With Osimertinib in Patients With EGFR TKI-Resistant NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Zhao HC, Xia H, Hu S, Lv YY, Zhao ZR, He J, Liang E, Ni G, Chen LY, Qiu XP, Zhou SM, Zhao HB. Large ultrafast-modulated Voigt effect in noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn 3Sn. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5266. [PMID: 34489461 PMCID: PMC8421456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The time-resolved magneto-optical (MO) Voigt effect can be utilized to study the Néel order dynamics in antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials, but it has been limited for collinear AFM spin configuration. Here, we have demonstrated that in Mn3Sn with an inverse triangular spin structure, the quench of AFM order by ultrafast laser pulses can result in a large Voigt effect modulation. The modulated Voigt angle is significantly larger than the polarization rotation due to the crystal-structure related linear dichroism effect and the modulated MO Kerr angle arising from the ferroic ordering of cluster magnetic octupole. The AFM order quench time shows negligible change with increasing temperature approaching the Néel temperature (TN), in markedly contrast with the pronounced slowing-down demagnetization typically observed in conventional magnetic materials. This atypical behavior can be explained by the influence of weakened Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction rather than the smaller exchange splitting on the diminished AFM order near TN. The temperature-insensitive ultrafast spin manipulation can pave the way for high-speed spintronic devices either working at a wide range of temperature or demanding spin switching near TN. Mn3Sn is an anti-ferromagnetic material which displays a large magneto-optical Kerr effect, despite lacking a ferromagnetic moment. Here, the authors show that likewise, Mn3Sn, also presents a particularly large magneto-optical Voigt signal, with a negligible change in the quench time over a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Xia
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology and Pohl Institute of Solid State Physics and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Y Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology and Pohl Institute of Solid State Physics and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z R Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J He
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - E Liang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - G Ni
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - L Y Chen
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X P Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology and Pohl Institute of Solid State Physics and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - S M Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology and Pohl Institute of Solid State Physics and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - H B Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Dai W, Zeng Y, Liang E, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Peng J. The actuality of resilience, social support and quality of life among patients with inflammatory bowel disease in China. Nurs Open 2021; 9:2190-2198. [PMID: 34037332 PMCID: PMC9190699 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was conducted to increase knowledge on the actuality of resilience, social support and quality of life among inflammatory bowel disease patients in China to provide evidence for psychological support. Design Using convenience sampling, 249 outpatients and inpatients with inflammatory bowel disease from a hospital who completed the questionnaires were enrolled in the analytic questionnaire‐based study. Methods Demographic information forms, Resilience Scale for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Social Support Rating Scale and Short Health Scale were administered. Results It was found that the resilience of patients with inflammatory bowel disease should be enhanced. When considering factors that influence resilience, the place of residence (living in rural areas) and utilization of social support should be considered. Resilience demonstrated a positive correlation with utilization of social support, and different place of residence was related to resilience. Targeted interventions should be implemented to increase patients’ resilience and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dai
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yufeng Zeng
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - E Liang
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuhong Zhou
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Wells HL, Letko M, Lasso G, Ssebide B, Nziza J, Byarugaba DK, Navarrete-Macias I, Liang E, Cranfield M, Han BA, Tingley MW, Diuk-Wasser M, Goldstein T, Johnson CK, Mazet JAK, Chandran K, Munster VJ, Gilardi K, Anthony SJ. The evolutionary history of ACE2 usage within the coronavirus subgenus Sarbecovirus. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab007. [PMID: 33754082 PMCID: PMC7928622 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and SARS-CoV-2 are not phylogenetically closely related; however, both use the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in humans for cell entry. This is not a universal sarbecovirus trait; for example, many known sarbecoviruses related to SARS-CoV-1 have two deletions in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein that render them incapable of using human ACE2. Here, we report three sequences of a novel sarbecovirus from Rwanda and Uganda that are phylogenetically intermediate to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate via in vitro studies that they are also unable to utilize human ACE2. Furthermore, we show that the observed pattern of ACE2 usage among sarbecoviruses is best explained by recombination not of SARS-CoV-2, but of SARS-CoV-1 and its relatives. We show that the lineage that includes SARS-CoV-2 is most likely the ancestral ACE2-using lineage, and that recombination with at least one virus from this group conferred ACE2 usage to the lineage including SARS-CoV-1 at some time in the past. We argue that alternative scenarios such as convergent evolution are much less parsimonious; we show that biogeography and patterns of host tropism support the plausibility of a recombination scenario, and we propose a competitive release hypothesis to explain how this recombination event could have occurred and why it is evolutionarily advantageous. The findings provide important insights into the natural history of ACE2 usage for both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 and a greater understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms that shape zoonotic potential of coronaviruses. This study also underscores the need for increased surveillance for sarbecoviruses in southwestern China, where most ACE2-using viruses have been found to date, as well as other regions such as Africa, where these viruses have only recently been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Wells
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - M Letko
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 S. 4th St, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, 1155 College Ave, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - G Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10462, USA
| | - B Ssebide
- Gorilla Doctors, c/o MGVP, Inc., 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J Nziza
- Gorilla Doctors, c/o MGVP, Inc., 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - D K Byarugaba
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Plot 42, Nakasero Road, Kampala, Uganda.,Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Living Stone Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - I Navarrete-Macias
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E Liang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - M Cranfield
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - B A Han
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
| | - M W Tingley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 612 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - M Diuk-Wasser
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - T Goldstein
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - C K Johnson
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J A K Mazet
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10462, USA
| | - V J Munster
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, 1155 College Ave, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - K Gilardi
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Plot 42, Nakasero Road, Kampala, Uganda.,One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S J Anthony
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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15
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Wells H, Letko M, Lasso G, Ssebide B, Nziza J, Byarugaba D, Navarrete-Macias I, Liang E, Cranfield M, Han B, Tingley M, Diuk-Wasser M, Goldstein T, Johnson C, Mazet J, Chandran K, Munster V, Gilardi K, Anthony S. The evolutionary history of ACE2 usage within the coronavirus subgenus Sarbecovirus. bioRxiv 2021:2020.07.07.190546. [PMID: 32676605 PMCID: PMC7359528 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.07.190546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are not phylogenetically closely related; however, both use the ACE2 receptor in humans for cell entry. This is not a universal sarbecovirus trait; for example, many known sarbecoviruses related to SARS-CoV-1 have two deletions in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein that render them incapable of using human ACE2. Here, we report three sequences of a novel sarbecovirus from Rwanda and Uganda which are phylogenetically intermediate to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate via in vitro studies that they are also unable to utilize human ACE2. Furthermore, we show that the observed pattern of ACE2 usage among sarbecoviruses is best explained by recombination not of SARS-CoV-2, but of SARS-CoV-1 and its relatives. We show that the lineage that includes SARS-CoV-2 is most likely the ancestral ACE2-using lineage, and that recombination with at least one virus from this group conferred ACE2 usage to the lineage including SARS-CoV-1 at some time in the past. We argue that alternative scenarios such as convergent evolution are much less parsimonious; we show that biogeography and patterns of host tropism support the plausibility of a recombination scenario; and we propose a competitive release hypothesis to explain how this recombination event could have occurred and why it is evolutionarily advantageous. The findings provide important insights into the natural history of ACE2 usage for both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, and a greater understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms that shape zoonotic potential of coronaviruses. This study also underscores the need for increased surveillance for sarbecoviruses in southwestern China, where most ACE2-using viruses have been found to date, as well as other regions such as Africa, where these viruses have only recently been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.L Wells
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Letko
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - G Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - B Ssebide
- Gorilla Doctors, c/o MGVP, Inc., Davis, California, USA
| | - J Nziza
- Gorilla Doctors, c/o MGVP, Inc., Davis, California, USA
| | - D.K Byarugaba
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
| | - I Navarrete-Macias
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Liang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Cranfield
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - B.A Han
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA
| | - M.W Tingley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Diuk-Wasser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - T Goldstein
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
| | - C.K Johnson
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
| | - J Mazet
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
| | - K Chandran
- Gorilla Doctors, c/o MGVP, Inc., Davis, California, USA
| | - V.J Munster
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - K Gilardi
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
| | - S.J Anthony
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
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16
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Siegle JH, Jia X, Durand S, Gale S, Bennett C, Graddis N, Heller G, Ramirez TK, Choi H, Luviano JA, Groblewski PA, Ahmed R, Arkhipov A, Bernard A, Billeh YN, Brown D, Buice MA, Cain N, Caldejon S, Casal L, Cho A, Chvilicek M, Cox TC, Dai K, Denman DJ, de Vries SEJ, Dietzman R, Esposito L, Farrell C, Feng D, Galbraith J, Garrett M, Gelfand EC, Hancock N, Harris JA, Howard R, Hu B, Hytnen R, Iyer R, Jessett E, Johnson K, Kato I, Kiggins J, Lambert S, Lecoq J, Ledochowitsch P, Lee JH, Leon A, Li Y, Liang E, Long F, Mace K, Melchior J, Millman D, Mollenkopf T, Nayan C, Ng L, Ngo K, Nguyen T, Nicovich PR, North K, Ocker GK, Ollerenshaw D, Oliver M, Pachitariu M, Perkins J, Reding M, Reid D, Robertson M, Ronellenfitch K, Seid S, Slaughterbeck C, Stoecklin M, Sullivan D, Sutton B, Swapp J, Thompson C, Turner K, Wakeman W, Whitesell JD, Williams D, Williford A, Young R, Zeng H, Naylor S, Phillips JW, Reid RC, Mihalas S, Olsen SR, Koch C. Survey of spiking in the mouse visual system reveals functional hierarchy. Nature 2021; 592:86-92. [PMID: 33473216 PMCID: PMC10399640 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The anatomy of the mammalian visual system, from the retina to the neocortex, is organized hierarchically1. However, direct observation of cellular-level functional interactions across this hierarchy is lacking due to the challenge of simultaneously recording activity across numerous regions. Here we describe a large, open dataset-part of the Allen Brain Observatory2-that surveys spiking from tens of thousands of units in six cortical and two thalamic regions in the brains of mice responding to a battery of visual stimuli. Using cross-correlation analysis, we reveal that the organization of inter-area functional connectivity during visual stimulation mirrors the anatomical hierarchy from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas3. We find that four classical hierarchical measures-response latency, receptive-field size, phase-locking to drifting gratings and response decay timescale-are all correlated with the hierarchy. Moreover, recordings obtained during a visual task reveal that the correlation between neural activity and behavioural choice also increases along the hierarchy. Our study provides a foundation for understanding coding and signal propagation across hierarchically organized cortical and thalamic visual areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoxuan Jia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Sam Gale
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nile Graddis
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Hannah Choi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy Bernard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Dillan Brown
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Cain
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Linzy Casal
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Cho
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Timothy C Cox
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kael Dai
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel J Denman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.,The University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Feng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian Hu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ross Hytnen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - India Kato
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Jerome Lecoq
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Arielle Leon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Fuhui Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyla Mace
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiet Ngo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Kat North
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jed Perkins
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Sam Seid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ben Sutton
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jackie Swapp
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rob Young
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Naylor
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - R Clay Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Shawn R Olsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
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17
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Liang E, Morris E, Vono J, Bazan L, Lu M, Modh A, Glide-Hurst C. Coupling Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and MR-guided Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Goldstein T, Anthony S, Gbakima A, Bird B, Bangura J, Tremeau-Bravard A, Belaganahalli M, Wells H, Dhanota J, Liang E, Grodus M, Jangra R, Dejesus V, Lasso G, Smith B, Jambai A, Kamara B, Kamara S, Bangura W, Monagin C, Shapira S, Johnson CK, Saylors K, Rubin E, Chandran K, Lipkin W, Mazet J. The discovery of a new Ebolavirus, Bombali virus, adds further support for bats as hosts of Ebolaviruses. Int J Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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19
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Br A, Dovih P, Ramakrishnan U, Liang E, Mendenhall I, Hong DW, Smith G. Evidence of filovirus and henipavirus in bats and bat harvesters, India. Int J Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Schaenman J, Rossetti M, Sidwell T, Groysberg V, Sunga G, Liang E, Vangala S, Chang E, Bakir M, Bondar G, Cadeiras M, Kwon M, Reed E, Deng M. Frequency of Monocyte Subtypes and TLR4 Expression Correlate with Clinical Outcomes After Mechanical Circulatory Device Implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
Objective 1) To study the current use of abdominal X-rays (AXR) in our emergency department (ED). 2) To evaluate the clinical predictors for positive AXR findings. Methods During the 40 days study period, all patients who had taken abdominal X-rays were included. The attending doctor filled in a questionnaire on demographic data, clinical features and outcome. The three radiologists who participated in this study reported the films and consultant emergency physicians then commented on the appropriateness of the request. The clinical features, which were predictive of positive radiological findings, were sorted out using univariate analysis. Results 64 patients were included in the 40 days study period. The rate for AXR request was 3.4 per 1000 patients. The most common presenting complaints were abdominal pain (85.9%) and constipation (45.3%). The most frequent clinical findings were abdominal distension (35.9%) and hyperactive bowel sound (31.3%). Only two of the clinical features, including vomiting and rebound tenderness, were found to have significant correlation with positive X-ray findings. Most of the AXR requests and interpretations by ED doctors were considered to be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tw Wong
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Accident & Emergency Department, 3 Lok Man Road, Chaiwan, Hong Kong
| | | | - E Liang
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3 Lok Man Road, Chaiwan, Hong Kong
| | - Yk Fu
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3 Lok Man Road, Chaiwan, Hong Kong
| | - J Khoo
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3 Lok Man Road, Chaiwan, Hong Kong
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22
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Gao J, Liang E, Ma R, Li F, Liu Y, Liu J, Jiang L, Li C, Dai H, Wu J, Su X, He W, Ruan K. Fluorine Pseudocontact Shifts Used for Characterizing the Protein-Ligand Interaction Mode in the Limit of NMR Intermediate Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology; Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Science; Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China
| | - E Liang
- Department of pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint centers for Lifer Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Rongsheng Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Fudong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Haiming Dai
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology; Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Science; Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China
| | - Jihui Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Xuncheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collatorative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint centers for Lifer Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ke Ruan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
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Gao J, Liang E, Ma R, Li F, Liu Y, Liu J, Jiang L, Li C, Dai H, Wu J, Su X, He W, Ruan K. Fluorine Pseudocontact Shifts Used for Characterizing the Protein-Ligand Interaction Mode in the Limit of NMR Intermediate Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12982-12986. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology; Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Science; Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China
| | - E Liang
- Department of pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint centers for Lifer Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Rongsheng Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Fudong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance in Biological Systems; State Key Laboratory of Magnet Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Center for Magnet Resonance Department; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Science; Wuhan Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Haiming Dai
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology; Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Science; Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China
| | - Jihui Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Xuncheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collatorative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint centers for Lifer Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ke Ruan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale; School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Huangshan Road Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
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Reich K, Blauvelt A, Armstrong A, Langley RG, Fox T, Huang J, Papavassilis C, Liang E, Lloyd P, Bruin G. Secukinumab, a fully human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, exhibits minimal immunogenicity in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:752-758. [PMID: 27518376 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A plays a pivotal role in psoriasis pathogenesis. Secukinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that selectively targets IL-17A, has been demonstrated to be highly efficacious for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis, starting at early time points, with a sustained effect and a favourable safety profile. mAb therapies may be associated with production of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) that can affect drug pharmacokinetics, diminish response or cause hypersensitivity reactions. OBJECTIVES To investigate the immunogenicity of secukinumab across six phase III clinical trials in which patients with plaque psoriasis were treated with secukinumab for up to 52 weeks and additionally followed up at week 60. METHODS Immunogenicity in patients with plaque psoriasis exposed to secukinumab was evaluated at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, 52 and 60. Treatment-emergent (TE)-ADAs were defined as a positive ADA signal detected in post-treatment samples from patients with a negative baseline signal. Confirmed positive samples were further analysed for their drug-neutralizing potential. RESULTS Among 2842 patients receiving secukinumab and evaluated for ADAs, 11 (0·4%) developed TE-ADAs. Associations between TE-ADAs and secukinumab dose, frequency or mode of administration were not observed. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in three of nine evaluable patients with TE-ADAs. CONCLUSIONS Secukinumab immunogenicity was low, as shown by TE-ADA detection in only 11 of 2842 (0·4%) patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with secukinumab. All but one of the patients with TE-ADAs were biologic naive. Neither TE-ADAs nor neutralizing antibodies were associated with loss of secukinumab efficacy or issues of clinical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Reich
- Dermatologikum Hamburg and SCIderm Research Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Blauvelt
- Oregon Medical Research Center, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | - A Armstrong
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | | | - T Fox
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Huang
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, U.S.A
| | | | - E Liang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Lloyd
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Bruin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Liu B, Wang Y, Zhu H, Liang E, Camarero JJ. Topography and age mediate the growth responses of Smith fir to climate warming in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:1577-1587. [PMID: 26939794 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau holds some of the world's highest undisturbed natural treelines and timberlines. Such extreme environments constitute potentially valuable monitoring sites of the effects of climate warming on high-elevation forests. Here, we analyze a network of 21 Smith fir forests situated in the Sygera Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, using tree-ring width (TRW) and basal area increment (BAI) chronologies. Sampled sites encompassed a wide elevation gradient, from 3600 to 4400 m, including some treeline sites and diverse aspects and tree ages. In comparison with TRW series, BAI series better capture the long-term warming signal. Previous November and current April and summer temperatures are the dominant climatic factors controlling Smith fir radial growth. The mean inter-series correlations of TRW increased upwards, but the forest limit presented the highest potential to reconstruct past temperature variability. Moreover, the growth responses of young trees were less stable than those of trees older than 100 years. Climate warming is accelerating radial growth of Smith fir forest subjected to mesic conditions. Collectively, these findings confirm that the effects of site elevation and tree age should be considered when quantifying climate-growth relationships. The type of tree-ring data (BAI vs. TRW) is also relevant since BAI indices seem to be a better climatic proxy of low-frequency temperature signals than TRW indices. Therefore, site (e.g., elevation) and tree (e.g., age) features should be considered to properly evaluate the effects of climate warming on growth of high-elevation forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - H Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - E Liang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - J J Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana, 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
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Liang E, Brown B, Rachinsky M. Clinical efficacy of uterine artery embolization using PVA form particles to treat symptomatic adenomyosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Rice S, Liang E, Geye H, Kimple R. Skin Cancers of the Head and Neck: A 21-Year Single-Institution Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Klein U, Liang E, Vogel B, Kolbinger F, Bruin G, Lloyd P. SAT0142 Immunogenicity of the Novel Anti-Il-17A Antibody, Secukinumab, with Intravenous and Subcutaneous Dosing Regimens in Healthy Subjects and Patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Anthony SJ, Ojeda-Flores R, Rico-Chávez O, Navarrete-Macias I, Zambrana-Torrelio CM, Rostal MK, Epstein JH, Tipps T, Liang E, Sanchez-Leon M, Sotomayor-Bonilla J, Aguirre AA, Ávila-Flores R, Medellín RA, Goldstein T, Suzán G, Daszak P, Lipkin WI. Coronaviruses in bats from Mexico. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1028-1038. [PMID: 23364191 PMCID: PMC3709589 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.049759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are reservoirs for a wide range of human pathogens including Nipah, Hendra, rabies, Ebola, Marburg and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV). The recent implication of a novel beta (β)-CoV as the cause of fatal respiratory disease in the Middle East emphasizes the importance of surveillance for CoVs that have potential to move from bats into the human population. In a screen of 606 bats from 42 different species in Campeche, Chiapas and Mexico City we identified 13 distinct CoVs. Nine were alpha (α)-CoVs; four were β-CoVs. Twelve were novel. Analyses of these viruses in the context of their hosts and ecological habitat indicated that host species is a strong selective driver in CoV evolution, even in allopatric populations separated by significant geographical distance; and that a single species/genus of bat can contain multiple CoVs. A β-CoV with 96.5 % amino acid identity to the β-CoV associated with human disease in the Middle East was found in a Nyctinomops laticaudatus bat, suggesting that efforts to identify the viral reservoir should include surveillance of the bat families Molossidae/Vespertilionidae, or the closely related Nycteridae/Emballonuridae. While it is important to investigate unknown viral diversity in bats, it is also important to remember that the majority of viruses they carry will not pose any clinical risk, and bats should not be stigmatized ubiquitously as significant threats to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Anthony
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, NY, USA
| | - R Ojeda-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - O Rico-Chávez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - I Navarrete-Macias
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, NY, USA
| | | | - M K Rostal
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
| | - J H Epstein
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
| | - T Tipps
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
| | - E Liang
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, NY, USA
| | - M Sanchez-Leon
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, NY, USA
| | - J Sotomayor-Bonilla
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - A A Aguirre
- George Mason University, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - R Ávila-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - R A Medellín
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-275, 04510, México, D.F. Mexico
| | - T Goldstein
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Shields Ave, University of California Davis, California USA
| | - G Suzán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - P Daszak
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, NY, USA
| | - W I Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, NY, USA
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Hogstrom K, McLaughlin D, Gibbons J, Shikhaliev P, Clarke T, Henderson A, Taylor D, Shagin P, Liang E. SU-D-BRCD-06: Measurement of Elekta Electron Energy Spectra Using a Small Magnetic Spectrometer. Med Phys 2012; 39:3614. [PMID: 28517408 DOI: 10.1118/1.4734672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate how a small magnetic spectrometer can measure the energy spectra of seven electron beams on an Elekta Infinity tuned to match beams on a previously commissioned machine. METHODS Energyspectra were determined from measurements of intensity profiles on 6″-long computed radiographic (CR) strips after deflecting a narrow incident beam using a small (28 lbs.), permanent magnetic spectrometer. CR plateexposures (<1cGy) required special beam reduction techniques and bremsstrahlung shielding. Curves of CR intensity (corrected for non- linearity and background) versus position were transformed into energy spectra using the transformation from position (x) on the CR plate to energy (E) based on the Lorentz force law. The effective magnetic field and its effective edge, parameters in the transformation, were obtained by fitting a plot of most probable incident energy (determined from practical range) to the peak position. RESULTS The calibration curve (E vs. x) fit gave 0.423 Tesla for the effective magnetic field. Most resulting energy spectra were characterized by a single, asymmetric peak with peak position and FWHM increasing monotonically with beam energy. Only the 9-MeV spectrum was atypical, possibly indicating suboptimal beam tuning. These results compared well with energy spectra independently determined by adjusting each spectrum until the EGSnrc Monte Carlo calculated percent depth-dose curve agreed well with the corresponding measured curve. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that this spectrometer and methodology could be useful for measuring energy spectra of clinical electron beams at isocenter. Future work will (1) remove the small effect of the detector response function (due to pinhole size and incident angular spread) from the energy spectra, (2) extract the energy spectra exiting the accelerator from current results, (3) use the spectrometer to compare energy spectra of matched beams among our clinical sites, and (4) modify the spectrometer to utilize radiochromic film.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hogstrom
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - D McLaughlin
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - J Gibbons
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - P Shikhaliev
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - T Clarke
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - A Henderson
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - D Taylor
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - P Shagin
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - E Liang
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA.,Louisiana State University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, LA.,Rice University, Houston, TX
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Salloway S, Sperling R, Keren R, Porsteinsson AP, van Dyck CH, Tariot PN, Gilman S, Arnold D, Abushakra S, Hernandez C, Crans G, Liang E, Quinn G, Bairu M, Pastrak A, Cedarbaum JM. A phase 2 randomized trial of ELND005, scyllo-inositol, in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011; 77:1253-62. [PMID: 21917766 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182309fa5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2 study explored safety, efficacy, and biomarker effects of ELND005 (an oral amyloid anti-aggregation agent) in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS A total of 353 patients were randomized to ELND005 (250, 1,000, or 2,000 mg) or placebo twice daily for 78 weeks. Coprimary endpoints were the Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale. The primary analysis compared 250 mg (n =84) to placebo (n =82) after an imbalance of infections and deaths led to early discontinuation of the 2 higher dose groups. RESULTS The 250 mg dose demonstrated acceptable safety. The primary efficacy analysis at 78 weeks revealed no significant differences between the treatment groups on the NTB or ADCS-ADL. Brain ventricular volume showed a small but significant increase in the overall 250 mg group (p =0.049). At the 250 mg dose, scyllo-inositol concentrations increased in CSF and brain and CSF Aβx-42 was decreased significantly compared to placebo (p =0.009). CONCLUSIONS Primary clinical efficacy outcomes were not significant. The safety and CSF biomarker results will guide selection of the optimal dose for future studies, which will target earlier stages of AD. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE Due to the small sample sizes, this Class II trial provides insufficient evidence to support or refute a benefit of ELND005.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salloway
- Neurology and the Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
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Gong R, Ge Y, Chen S, Liang E, Esparza A, Sabo E, Yango A, Gohh R, Rifai A, Dworkin LD. Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta: a novel marker and modulator of inflammatory injury in chronic renal allograft disease. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1852-63. [PMID: 18786229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
One key cell-signaling event central to inflammation in kidney diseases, including chronic renal allograft dysfunction or disease (CRAD), is the activation of NF-kappaB, which controls transcription of numerous proinflammatory mediators. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3beta is an indispensable element of NF-kappaB activation, however, the exact role of GSK3beta in the pathogenesis of inflammatory kidney diseases like CRAD is uncertain and was examined. Immunohistochemistry staining of GSK3beta was weak in normal kidneys, but was markedly induced in inflamed allograft kidneys, with prominent cytoplasmic staining of tubular cells in areas of inflammation. Net GSK3beta activity is regulated by inhibitory phosphorylation of its serine 9 residue, and this occurred in CRAD. Thus, the magnitude of GSK3beta inactivation was inversely correlated with the degree of injury as assessed by Banff criteria. In vitro in cultured human tubular epithelial cells, GSK3beta overexpression augmented, while GSK3beta silencing diminished proinflammatory cellular responses to TNF-alpha stimulation, including NF-kappaB activation and expression of chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES. These inflammatory responses were obliterated by GSK3beta inhibitors. Collectively, GSK3beta plays an important role in mediating proinflammatory NF-kappaB activation and renal inflammation. Suppression of GSK3beta activity might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat CRAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA.
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Ditmire T, Bless S, Dyer G, Edens A, Grigsby W, Hays G, Madison K, Maltsev A, Colvin J, Edwards M, Lee R, Patel P, Price D, Remington B, Sheppherd R, Wootton A, Zweiback J, Liang E, Kielty K. Overview of future directions in high energy-density and high-field science using ultra-intense lasers. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2003.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liang E, Kabcenell AK, Coleman JR, Robson J, Ruffles R, Yazdanian M. Permeability measurement of macromolecules and assessment of mucosal antigen sampling using in vitro converted M cells. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2001; 46:93-101. [PMID: 12481846 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8719(02)00163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION M cells are located in the epithelial layer covering the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and are responsible for delivery of macromolecules and microorganisms to the underlying lymphoid cells. It has been shown that the human colonic cell line Caco-2 can be converted to M cells in vitro following coculture with isolated lymphocytes from murine Peyer's patches. Studies were undertaken to evaluate and characterize the transepithelial transport of select macromolecules across these in vitro derived M cells. METHODS Caco-2 cells were converted to M cells as reported previously. The morphology of Caco-2 cells and M cells was compared by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The transport properties of macromolecules such as horseradish peroxidase, FITC-conjugated polystyrene beads, and radiolabeled dextrans were examined. The activation of murine antigen-specific T cells following transport of the antigen ovalbumin across the M-cell barrier was assessed by measuring cytokine production. RESULTS M cells were shown to be irregular in shape and have fewer and shorter microvilli compared to the Caco-2 cell progenitors. These cells were still able to form tight junctions and monolayers on polycarbonate membranes. Time-course studies demonstrated that the transport of polystyrene beads and large-molecular-weight dextrans at physiological temperature across M-cell-containing monolayers was size dependent and more rapid than across Caco-2 cell monolayers. The transport of dextrans was also shown to be temperature and concentration dependent. Befitting the role of the M cell in mucosal defense, protein antigen could be delivered by these cells in order to be processed and presented to antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. DISCUSSION The M-cell permeability model is a functional and practical system for evaluating the transport properties of macromolecules and assessing the potential for intestinal mucosal antigen sampling to elicit immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Pharmaceutics Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., PO Box 368, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
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Edwards MJ, MacKinnon AJ, Zweiback J, Shigemori K, Ryutov D, Rubenchik AM, Keilty KA, Liang E, Remington BA, Ditmire T. Investigation of ultrafast laser-driven radiative blast waves. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:085004. [PMID: 11497951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.085004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the evolution of cylindrically symmetric blast waves produced by the deposition of femtosecond laser pulses in gas jets. In high- Z gases radiative effects become important. We observe the production of an ionization precursor ahead of the shock front and deceleration parameters below the adiabatic value of 1/2 (for a cylinder), an effect expected when the blast wave loses energy by radiative cooling. Despite significant radiative cooling, the blast waves do not appear to develop thin shell instabilities expected for strongly radiative waves. This is believed to be due to the stabilizing effect of a relatively thick blast wave shell resulting in part from electron thermal conduction effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Liang E, Proudfoot J, Yazdanian M. Mechanisms of transport and structure-permeability relationship of sulfasalazine and its analogs in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Pharm Res 2000; 17:1168-74. [PMID: 11145220 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026450326712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mechanisms involved in transport of sulfasalazine in Caco-2 cells. METHODS Permeability coefficients of sulfasalazine and its analogs across Caco-2 cell monolayers were measured as a function of direction of transport, energy and concentration dependence, and in the presence of inhibitors of various cellular efflux pumps and transporters. RESULTS Permeability coefficients of sulfasalazine across Caco-2 cell monolayers were approximately 342-, 261-, and 176-fold higher from basolateral to apical direction (BL-->AP) than from apical to basolateral direction (AP-->BL) at 100, 200, and 500 microM, respectively. Carrier permeability coefficient, non-saturable membrane permeability coefficient, and Michaelis constant were estimated to be 1.4x10(-5) cm/s, 1.9x10(-8) cm/s, and 369 microM, respectively. The efflux of sulfasalazine was completely blocked at 4 degrees C and in the presence of an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Using cellular efflux inhibitors, the permeability of sulfasalazine was shown to depend on multidrug resistance-associated protein and anion sensitive transport mechanisms. Structure-permeability studies showed that the affinity of sulfasalazine for the cellular efflux pumps and transporters in Caco-2 cells depended strongly on the carboxylic acid functional group. CONCLUSIONS The permeability of sulfasalazine across Caco-2 cell monolayer is very low due to its strong interaction with multiple cellular efflux pumps and transporters. This may partially explain its low absorption in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Pharmaceutics Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
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Liang E, Rosenblatt MN, Ajmani PS, Hughes JA. Biodegradable pH-sensitive surfactants (BPS) in liposome-mediated nucleic acid cellular uptake and distribution. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000; 11:199-205. [PMID: 11042225 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(00)00101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of biodegradable pH-sensitive surfactant (BPS)-liposomes on nucleic acid, i.e., oligonucleotide and plasmid DNA, cellular delivery was examined. Fluorescein-labeled nucleic acids complexed with 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane cationic liposomes and BPS at a charge ratio (+/-) of 10 were incubated in CV-1 cells and analyzed by flow cytometry. The fluorescence intensity of oligonucleotides but not plasmid DNA complexed with BPS-liposomes was higher than those complexed with BPS-free liposomes at early time points. However, when cells were fixed to equalize the intracellular pH since fluorescein, a pH-sensitive fluorophore, has higher fluorescence intensity in alkaline pH than acidic, no difference in intensity was observed. This indicated the incorporation of BPS in liposomes did not increase oligonucleotide cellular uptake over control liposomes, but redistributed oligonucleotides into a more basic environment, e.g., cytoplasm. An explanation consistent with the presented data is the formation of small transient membrane defects within the endosomal membrane as presented previously [Liang, E., Hughes, J.A., 1998a. Membrane fusion and rupture in liposomes: effect of biodegradable pH-sensitive surfactants. J. Membr. Biol. 166, 37-49.]. The above findings suggested that BPS may be effective agents of disrupting one of the major barriers, endosomal membrane, to enhance nucleic acid cellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100494, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Shigemori K, Ditmire T, Remington BA, Yanovsky V, Ryutov D, Estabrook KG, Edwards MJ, MacKinnon AJ, Rubenchik AM, Keilty KA, Liang E. Developing a Radiative Shock Experiment Relevant to Astrophysics. Astrophys J 2000; 533:L159-L162. [PMID: 10770714 DOI: 10.1086/312621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2000] [Accepted: 03/08/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the initial results of experiments being developed on the Falcon laser to simulate radiative astrophysical shocks. Cylindrically diverging blast waves were produced in low-density ( approximately 1018 cm-3), high-Z gas by laser-irradiating Xe gas jets containing atomic clusters. The blast-wave trajectory was measured by Michelson interferometry. The velocity for the blast wave is slightly less than the adiabatic Sedov-Taylor prediction, and an ionization precursor is observed ahead of the shock front. This suggests energy loss through radiative cooling and reduced compression due to preheat deposited ahead of the shock, both consistent with one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations.
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Abstract
An accelerated 3-7-day Caco-2 cell permeability model was examined and compared to the traditional 21-25-day model. Caco-2 cell permeability coefficients (P(Caco-2)) of 33 structurally diverse small molecular weight compounds from apical to basolateral (AP-->BL) direction in the accelerated model were approximately twice those in the traditional model. As observed with microscopy and transepithelial electrical resistance measurements, this difference was attributed to less confluent and differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers in the accelerated model. However, there were no significant differences in rank ordering of the compounds. The expression of P-glycoprotein in the accelerated model was shown to be significantly less than that in the traditional model. This resulted in lower permeability directional ratios defined as the ratio between permeability coefficients from BL-->AP and from AP-->BL for compounds that were cellular efflux pump substrates. The accelerated model may not be suitable for studying cellular efflux pumps such as P-glycoproteins. However, it is a feasible alternative to the traditional model for rank ordering of compounds in the process of drug discovery and development by significantly improving the turnover time and labor efficiency. This makes it an excellent Caco-2 cell permeability model for high throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Pharmaceutics Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA
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Abstract
A variety of techniques are currently available to enhance the cellular uptake and pharmacological effectiveness of antisense oligonucleotides in the in vitro setting. The choice of technique will depend on the context of investigation, the likelihood of cytotoxity due to the delivery agents, and the ease and convenience of the approach. The considerations for the delivery of antisense molecules in the in vivo setting are likely to be quite different from the cell culture situation emphasized in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hughes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Liang E, Ajmani PS, Hughes JA. Oligonucleotide delivery: a cellular prospective. Pharmazie 1999; 54:559-66. [PMID: 10483609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of oligonucleotides (ONs) for gene therapy of certain diseases has been discussed since the late 1970s. ONs are single stranded chains of nucleic acids that can hybridize with target nucleic acid sequences to inhibit specific proteins, and therefore allow selective treatment of various diseases. The use of ONs is limited due to their instability in biological tissues and difficulty in delivery to the intracellular compartments of the cell. Chemical analog approaches have been used to address the instability issue and delivery systems have been developed to increase cellular uptake of ONs. It is generally thought that ONs with or without a delivery system are transported into cells by endocytosis, and then accumulate within endosomes where they are significantly inactivated. The rate and extent of movement of ON from endosomes appears to be important in determining ON effects. Consequently, developing accessory compounds or delivery methods that enhance endosome to cytoplasm transfer may be vital to ON therapy. This review focuses on investigating mechanisms of various delivery approaches at the cellular/intracellular level that have demonstrated utility in increasing ON activity or cellular accumulation. The future prospects of ON delivery are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, USA
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Abstract
Biodegradable pH-sensitive surfactants (BPS) are a unique family of easily metabolized compounds that demonstrate pH-dependent surface activity. These agents, in combination with other delivery systems, have demonstrated effects in enhancing transnucleic acid activity. The increased activity has been hypothesized to occur from a release of endosomal contents. Simply, the BPS delivery system containing nucleic acids enters the cell through an endocytotoic process. It encounters an acidic pH and becomes surface active leading to defects in the endosomal membrane. In the current study, an in vitro model membrane was used to better understand the liposome defect mechanisms that BPS elicit. Using this system, it is shown that BPS can induce both liposome fusion and rupture depending upon the pH and mole ratio of BPS to membrane lipids. Futhermore, liposome fusion induced by BPS was dependent on the total numbers of liposome particles while rupture was independent of interacting liposome particles. The generated data indicate that BPS agents act differently from other typical surface active agents and fuosgenic compounds. Instead of facilitating membrane fusion through the hexagonal II phase, BPS appeared to contribute and participate in the membrane fusion at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- P.O. Box 100494, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Abstract
When a pharmacokinetic (PK) two-compartment body model with first-order absorption is fitted to blood levels of a drug, the estimates of the PK parameters may have considerable errors and can cause wrong predictions in other features of the system. The objectives of this report were to illustrate this problem, to provide an easy way to prevent wrong estimation, and to investigate the origin of the mistake. A simple way to prevent wrong interpretation of the calculated PK parameters is to inspect the PK profiles visually. Without observing a clear biphasic profile, one should not apply the two-compartment model if the resulting parameters are to be interpreted and used for further simulations. We investigated the origin of this ambiguity in terms of the relative order of magnitude of microconstants (ka, k12, k21, and k10) and of hybrid constants (A and B). The observed parameter errors will not be of any relevance if the calculated parameters are used only to predict future blood levels over the same time-span. However, if these parameters are used to predict any other characteristic of the system, erroneous predictions may result.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Liang E, Hughes J. Characterization of a pH-sensitive surfactant, dodecyl-2-(1'-imidazolyl) propionate (DIP), and preliminary studies in liposome mediated gene transfer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1369:39-50. [PMID: 9528672 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(97)00172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inefficiency of non-viral gene delivery systems, relative to viral systems, is likely due, in part, to the failure of endosomes to release DNA before reaching degradative lysosomes. A solution is to incorporate compounds in a delivery vector that will selectively increase the release of endosomally encapsulated DNA. To meet the above criteria, we designed, synthesized, and characterized the physicochemical and biological properties of such a compound, dodecyl-2-(1'-imidazolyl) propionate (DIP) to enhance cationic liposome mediated gene delivery. Several surface active techniques were used to characterize DIP lysing membranes. The critical micelle concentration of DIP was between 0.10-0.18 mM and the effective release and solubilization ratios were 1.0 and 4.0, respectively. DIP facilitated membrane disruption in both a pH and concentration dependent manner. In the presence of esterase at pH 7.0, the hydrolysis rate increased 32-fold indicating DIP can be degraded in the biological milieu. Toxicity of DIP by MTT assay in the SKnSH cell line demonstrated an ID50 of 1.2 mM, which is 30-fold higher than the concentration of DIP used to enhance gene transfection. When incorporated into cationic-liposomes, DIP enhanced transgene expression in vitro by 5-fold. The results of the study indicate that DIP may be a useful adjuvant to increase non-viral gene delivery to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Wong KS, Lam WW, Liang E, Huang YN, Chan YL, Kay R. Variability of magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography in grading middle cerebral artery stenosis. Stroke 1996; 27:1084-7. [PMID: 8650718 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.27.6.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography are new, noninvasive methods to provide images of the cerebral vasculature. The reliability of magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography when used to grade middle cerebral artery stenosis remains to be established. We sought to study the interobserver and intraobserver variabilities of magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography in grading middle cerebral artery stenosis. METHODS A total of 50 middle cerebral arteries in 25 patients were studied with magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography. All patients had a history of ischemic stroke. The films were read independently by two observers on separate occasions. Films were shown again to the same observer 4 weeks after the first reading. The degree of middle cerebral artery stenosis was categorized into four grades: normal/mild, moderate, severe, and occluded. The interobserver and intraobserver variabilities were calculated by the kappa statistic method. RESULTS Interobserver variability for grading middle cerebral artery stenosis was good (kappa = 0.78) for magnetic resonance angiography and moderate (kappa = 0.51) for computed tomography angiography. There was perfect agreement between two observers in 86% of the vessels shown in magnetic resonance angiography and in 76% of the vessels shown in computed tomography angiography. Intraobserver variability for both imaging methods was good, with the kappa value in the range of 0.70 to 0.76. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that according to our protocol, magnetic resonance angiography is more reliable than computed tomography angiography in grading middle cerebral artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Wong
- Department of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Pelletier D, Arimond M, Johnson FC, Liang E, Low J, Mvula P, Msukwa L, Ramakrishnan U, Ross J, Simler K. Annex: Maternal anthropometry predictors of intrauterine growth retardation and prematurity in the Malawi Maternal and Child Nutrition study. Bull World Health Organ 1995; 73 Suppl:80-81. [PMID: 20604496 PMCID: PMC2486641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
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