1
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Papaioannou N, Distel E, de Oliveira E, Gabriel C, Frydas IS, Anesti O, Attignon EA, Odena A, Díaz R, Aggerbeck Μ, Horvat M, Barouki R, Karakitsios S, Sarigiannis DA. Multi-omics analysis reveals that co-exposure to phthalates and metals disturbs urea cycle and choline metabolism. Environ Res 2021; 192:110041. [PMID: 32949613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the response of HepaRG cells after co-exposure to phthalates and heavy metals, using a high-dimensional biology paradigm (HDB). Liver is the main metabolism site for the majority of xenobiotics. For this reason, the HepaRG cell line was used as an in vitro model, and cells were exposed to two characteristic mixtures of phthalates and heavy metals containing phthalates (DEHP, DiNP, BBzP) and metals (lead, methylmercury, total mercury) in a concentration-dependent manner. The applied chemical mixtures were selected as the most abundant pollutants in the REPRO_PL and PHIME cohorts, which were studied using the exposome-wide approach in the frame of the EU project HEALS. These studies investigated the environmental causation of neurodevelopmental disorders in neonates and across Europe. The INTEGRA computational platform was used for the calculation of the effective concentrations of the chemicals in the liver through extrapolation from human biomonitoring data and this dose (and a ten-times higher one) was applied to the hepatocyte model. Multi-omics analysis was performed to reveal the genes, proteins, and metabolites affected by the exposure to these chemical mixtures. By extension, we could detect the perturbed metabolic pathways. The generated data were analyzed using advanced bioinformatic tools following the HEALS connectivity paradigm for multi-omics pathway analysis. Co-mapped transcriptomics and proteomics data showed that co-exposure to phthalates and heavy metals leads to perturbations of the urea cycle due to differential expression levels of arginase-1 and -2, argininosuccinate synthase, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase, and argininosuccinate lyase. Joint pathway analysis of proteomics and metabolomics data revealed that the detected proteins and metabolites, choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase A, phospholipase D3, group XIIA secretory phospholipase A2, α-phosphatidylcholine, and the a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, are responsible for the homeostasis of the metabolic pathways phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis I, and phospholipases metabolism. The urea, phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis I and phospholipase metabolic pathways are of particular interest since they have been identified also in human samples from the REPRO_PL and PHIME cohorts using untargeted metabolomics analysis and have been associated with impaired psychomotor development in children at the age of two. In conclusion, this study provides the mechanistic evidence that co-exposure to phthalates and metals disturb biochemical processes related to mitochondrial respiration during critical developmental stages, which are clinically linked to neurodevelopmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafsika Papaioannou
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece
| | - Emilie Distel
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Eliandre de Oliveira
- Barcelona Science Park, Proteomics Platform, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine Gabriel
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece
| | - Ilias S Frydas
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece
| | - Ourania Anesti
- HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece; Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Eléonore A Attignon
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Antonia Odena
- Barcelona Science Park, Proteomics Platform, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Díaz
- Barcelona Science Park, Proteomics Platform, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain; Proteomics Facility, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Μartine Aggerbeck
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Service de Biochimie Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Spyros Karakitsios
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece
| | - Denis A Sarigiannis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece; School for Advanced Study (IUSS), Science, Technology and Society Department, Environmental Health Engineering, Piazza Della Vittoria 15, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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2
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Leblanc AF, Attignon EA, Distel E, Karakitsios SP, Sarigiannis DA, Bortoli S, Barouki R, Coumoul X, Aggerbeck M, Blanc EB. A dual mixture of persistent organic pollutants modifies carbohydrate metabolism in the human hepatic cell line HepaRG. Environ Res 2019; 178:108628. [PMID: 31520823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Individuals as well as entire ecosystems are exposed to mixtures of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Previously, we showed, by a non-targeted approach, that the expression of several genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism was almost completely inhibited in the human hepatic cell line HepaRG following exposure to a mixture of the organochlorine insecticide alpha-endosulfan and 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. In this European HEALS project, which studies the effects of the exposome on human health, we used a Physiologically Based BioKinetic model to compare the concentrations previously used in vitro with in vivo exposures for humans. We investigated the effects of these POPs on the levels of proteins, on glycogen content, glucose production and the oxidation of glucose into CO2 and correlated them to the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism as measured by RT-qPCR. Exposure to individual POPs and the mixture decreased the expression of the proteins investigated as well as glucose output (up to 82%), glucose oxidation (up to 29%) and glycogen content (up to 48%). siRNAs that specifically inhibit the expression of several xenobiotic receptors were used to assess receptor involvement in the effects of the POPs. In the HepaRG model, we demonstrate that the effects are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the estrogen receptor alpha, but not the pregnane X receptor or the constitutive androstane receptor. These results provide evidence that exposure to combinations of POPs, acting through different signaling pathways, may affect, more profoundly than single pollutants alone, metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate/energy metabolism and play a potential role in pollutant associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix F Leblanc
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Eléonore A Attignon
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Emilie Distel
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Spyros P Karakitsios
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimosthenis A Sarigiannis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Environmental Health Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sylvie Bortoli
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743, Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Martine Aggerbeck
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Etienne B Blanc
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
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3
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Barrett TJ, Distel E, Murphy AJ, Hu J, Garshick MS, Ogando Y, Liu J, Vaisar T, Heinecke JW, Berger JS, Goldberg IJ, Fisher EA. Apolipoprotein AI) Promotes Atherosclerosis Regression in Diabetic Mice by Suppressing Myelopoiesis and Plaque Inflammation. Circulation 2019; 140:1170-1184. [PMID: 31567014 PMCID: PMC6777860 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.039476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite robust cholesterol lowering, cardiovascular disease risk remains increased in patients with diabetes mellitus. Consistent with this, diabetes mellitus impairs atherosclerosis regression after cholesterol lowering in humans and mice. In mice, this is attributed in part to hyperglycemia-induced monocytosis, which increases monocyte entry into plaques despite cholesterol lowering. In addition, diabetes mellitus skews plaque macrophages toward an atherogenic inflammatory M1 phenotype instead of toward the atherosclerosis-resolving M2 state typical with cholesterol lowering. Functional high-density lipoprotein (HDL), typically low in patients with diabetes mellitus, reduces monocyte precursor proliferation in murine bone marrow and has anti-inflammatory effects on human and murine macrophages. Our study aimed to test whether raising functional HDL levels in diabetic mice prevents monocytosis, reduces the quantity and inflammation of plaque macrophages, and enhances atherosclerosis regression after cholesterol lowering. METHODS Aortic arches containing plaques developed in Ldlr-/- mice were transplanted into either wild-type, diabetic wild-type, or diabetic mice transgenic for human apolipoprotein AI, which have elevated functional HDL. Recipient mice all had low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to promote plaque regression. After 2 weeks, plaques in recipient mouse aortic grafts were examined. RESULTS Diabetic wild-type mice had impaired atherosclerosis regression, which was normalized by raising HDL levels. This benefit was linked to suppressed hyperglycemia-driven myelopoiesis, monocytosis, and neutrophilia. Increased HDL improved cholesterol efflux from bone marrow progenitors, suppressing their proliferation and monocyte and neutrophil production capacity. In addition to reducing circulating monocytes available for recruitment into plaques, in the diabetic milieu, HDL suppressed the general recruitability of monocytes to inflammatory sites and promoted plaque macrophage polarization to the M2, atherosclerosis-resolving state. There was also a decrease in plaque neutrophil extracellular traps, which are atherogenic and increased by diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Raising apolipoprotein AI and functional levels of HDL promotes multiple favorable changes in the production of monocytes and neutrophils and in the inflammatory environment of atherosclerotic plaques of diabetic mice after cholesterol lowering and may represent a novel approach to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in people with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J. Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Emilie Distel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jiyuan Hu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael S. Garshick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yoscar Ogando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jeffrey S. Berger
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Hematology, Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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4
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Sarigiannis D, Papaioannou N, Kapretsos N, Gabriel C, Distel E, de Oliveira E, Karakitsios S, Aggerbeck M, Barouki R. Multi-omics Analysis reveals that co-exposure to phthalates and metals disturbs urea cycle and choline metabolism. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Attignon EA, Distel E, Le-Grand B, Leblanc AF, Barouki R, de Oliveira E, Aggerbeck M, Blanc EB. Down-regulation of the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase 4 and CYP2E1 by the combination of α-endosulfan and dioxin in HepaRG human cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:309-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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6
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Distel E, Cadoudal T, Collinet M, Park EA, Benelli C, Bortoli S. Early induction of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 by retinoic acids in adipocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27981737 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Vitamin A and its metabolites, such as retinoic acids (RA), are related to metabolic diseases, in particular insulin resistance and obesity. Here, we studied the roles of 9-cis RA and all-trans RA on the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), an enzyme involved in fatty acid reesterification, which is a crucial metabolic pathway in adipose tissue (AT) lipid homeostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS 9-cis RA and all-trans RA treatment of human and murine AT explants, as well as adipocytes (3T3-F442A cell line) induces PDK4 expression both at the mRNA and the protein level, via a transcriptional mechanism. Using site-directed mutagenesis and chomatin immuno-precipitation, we showed that this activation involves two new RA responsive elements in the Pdk4 promoter, RAREa (DR1: -125/-112) and RAREb (DR1: -86/-73), specific to AT. Furthermore, even though endogeneous Pdk4 gene was upregulated by RA in Fao cells, a rat hepatoma cell line, the induction did not occur through the newly found RAREs. CONCLUSION In this study, we showed that adipocyte PDK4 gene is a new target of the vitamin A derived RA and might participate to the reduced fatty acid efflux from the adipocyte, a step that plays an important role in the developement of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Distel
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cadoudal
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, Paris, France
| | - Martine Collinet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, Paris, France
| | - Edwards A Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, USA
| | - Chantal Benelli
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Bortoli
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, Paris, France
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7
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Barrett TJ, Distel E, Ogando Y, Astudillo YM, Liu J, Goldberg IJ, Murphy AJ, Fisher EA. Abstract 49: Elevating Apolipoprotein A-I Levels Promotes Atherosclerosis Regression in Diabetic Mice by Inhibiting Proliferation of Bone Marrow Monocyte Precursors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and in clinical imaging studies is shown to impair the resolution of CVD, a process termed regression. We have also reported this failure of lesion regression in mouse models of diabetes, despite effective lipid lowering. This, in part, can be attributed to diabetes-driven monocytosis promoting continued monocyte infiltration into plaques. In non-diabetic settings apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) suppress leukocytosis and promote lesion regression. As low apoA-I/HDL is a typical feature of diabetic dyslipidemia this study aimed to establish whether raising apoA-I/HDL levels
in vivo
is an effective approach to reduce diabetes-driven leukocytosis and promote lesion regression.
Aortic arches from hyperlipidemic Ldlr
-/-
mice were transplanted into WT, diabetic WT, and diabetic human apoA-I-overexpressing transgenic mice (transgenic mice have a 3-fold increase in HDL-cholesterol), and lesion composition assessed 2 weeks post-surgery. Following aortic transplantation into WT mice (i.e. normal lipid levels) we found regression, as assessed by change in plaque macrophage (mΦ) content relative to baseline control mice was achieved (68% mΦ reduction, P<0.001). Regression was impaired when aortas were transplanted into diabetic WT recipients (50% mΦ reduction, P<0.01). However, raising apoA-I/HDL levels in the setting of diabetes restored regression in diabetic mice (62% mΦ reduction, P<0.001).
In vivo
monocyte/mΦ trafficking analyses revealed that elevating apoA-I/HDL levels in diabetes improves atherosclerosis regression by reducing monocyte entry by 60% (P<0.01), and promoting mΦ egress from lesions (30% increase). We also found that greater apoA-I/HDL reduced blood monocytes by decreasing the proliferation of monocyte progenitors in the bone marrow (15-20% reduction, P<0.05), explaining, in part, how apoA-I/HDL promotes regression.
Raising apoA-I/HDL levels promotes atherosclerotic lesion regression in diabetic mice. This may serve as a therapeutic strategy for patients with diabetes, who unlike WT mice, have reduced HDL levels and remain at an elevated risk for CVD despite effective plasma cholesterol lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianhua Liu
- Surgery, Mount Sinai Sch of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Andrew J Murphy
- Cardiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Senatus LM, Li Q, Rosario R, Liu J, Li H, Vengrenyuk Y, Distel E, Barrett T, Daffu G, Shen X, Ramasamy R, Fisher E, Schmidt AM. Abstract 583: Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (
Ager
) and Diaphanous-1 (
Drf1)
Suppress Macrophage Reverse Transendothelial Migration and Regression of Diabetic Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages display complex trafficking properties
in vivo
, involving interaction with vascular endothelial cells. Macrophage migration is an important mechanism linked to the progression and regression of atherosclerosis. The underlying mechanisms involved in these processes are not fully defined. RAGE is a multiligand cell surface macromolecule, which binds distinct ligands. The RAGE cytoplasmic domain interacts with Diaphanous-1 (
Drf1
), both
in vitro
and
in vivo
and this interaction is essential for RAGE ligand-mediated signaling in macrophages. We tested the hypothesis that RAGE and Diaphanous-1 suppress regression of diabetic atherosclerosis; at least in part by impaired reduction of plaque macrophage content in an AGE-enriched diabetic environment. In a aorta transplantation model, we examined the morphologic changes in LDLr-/- donor plaques found in
Ager
-/-,
Drf1
-/- or WT recipient diabetic mice. After lipid normalization into
Ager
-/- recipient diabetic mice, we observed reduced plaque macrophage density (CD68 -46%;p<0.05), but increased plaque collagen (PSR+43%;p<0.06), compared to WT diabetic recipients. Oil Red O staining for fatty deposit suggests a decrease (-51%;p<0.05) in plaque area stained and lower AGE staining (-32%;p<0.05) in diabetic
Drf1
-/- recipient mice compared to WT diabetic recipients. We employed a monocyte bead-tracking model in this
in vivo
aorta transplantation study. In WT recipient mice, when the donors were LDLr-/- mice fed a western diet, bead frequency per plaque section was reduced (22%;p< 0.05) on day 5 post-transplant compared with baseline. In contrast, bead frequency per plaque section was significantly reduced by (41%;p< 0.05) compared with baseline in the absence of
Ager
(gene encoding RAGE).
In vitro,
in a reverse transendothelial migration assay using primary aortic endothelial cells and
Ager or Drf1
deficient bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs), revealed in the setting of treatment with RAGE ligand AGEs, deletion of
Ager
or
Drf1
in BMDMs facilitated macrophage reverse migration vs. that observed in WT BMDMs. Therefore, we propose that deletion of
Ager
or
Drf1
in recipient diabetic mice accelerates atherosclerotic plaque regression, via reduction in lesional macrophage content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Li
- pathology/medicine, NYUMC, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Huilin Li
- Population Health (Biostatistic), NYUMC, New York, NY
| | | | - Emilie Distel
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, Dept of Medicine, NYUMC, New York, NY
| | - Tessa Barrett
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, Dept of Medicine, NYUMC, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Edward Fisher
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, Dept of Medicine, NYUMC, New York, NY
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9
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Distel E, Barrett TJ, Chung K, Girgis NM, Parathath S, Essau CC, Murphy AJ, Moore KJ, Fisher EA. miR33 inhibition overcomes deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus on atherosclerosis plaque regression in mice. Circ Res 2014; 115:759-69. [PMID: 25201910 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diabetes mellitus increases cardiovascular disease risk in humans and remains elevated despite cholesterol-lowering therapy with statins. Consistent with this, in mouse models, diabetes mellitus impairs atherosclerosis plaque regression after aggressive cholesterol lowering. MicroRNA 33 (miR33) is a key negative regulator of the reverse cholesterol transport factors, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and high-density lipoprotein, which suggested that its inhibition may overcome this impairment. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of miR33 inhibition on atherosclerosis regression in diabetic mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Reversa mice, which are deficient in the low-density lipoprotein receptor and in which hypercholesterolemia is reversed by conditional inactivation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene, were placed on an atherogenic diet for 16 weeks, then either made diabetic by streptozotocin injection or kept normoglycemic. Lipid-lowering was induced by microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene inactivation, and mice were treated with anti-miR33 or control oligonucleotides. Although regression was impaired in diabetic mice treated with control oligonucleotides, anti-miR33 treatment decreased plaque macrophage content and inflammatory gene expression in these mice. The decreased macrophage content in anti-miR33 treated diabetic mice was associated with a blunting of hyperglycemia-induced monocytosis and reduced monocyte recruitment to the plaque, which was traced to an inhibition of the proliferation of bone marrow monocyte precursors associated with the upregulation of their Abca1. CONCLUSIONS miR33 inhibition overcomes deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus in atherosclerosis regression in mice, which suggests a therapeutic strategy in diabetic patients, who remain at elevated cardiovascular disease risk, despite plasma cholesterol lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Distel
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine (E.D., T.J.B., K.C., S.P., K.J.M., E.A.F.) and Department of Microbiology (N.M.G.), New York University School of Medicine, NY; Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, CA (C.C.E.); Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.J.M.); and Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine (E.D., T.J.B., K.C., S.P., K.J.M., E.A.F.) and Department of Microbiology (N.M.G.), New York University School of Medicine, NY; Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, CA (C.C.E.); Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.J.M.); and Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Kellie Chung
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine (E.D., T.J.B., K.C., S.P., K.J.M., E.A.F.) and Department of Microbiology (N.M.G.), New York University School of Medicine, NY; Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, CA (C.C.E.); Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.J.M.); and Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Natasha M Girgis
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine (E.D., T.J.B., K.C., S.P., K.J.M., E.A.F.) and Department of Microbiology (N.M.G.), New York University School of Medicine, NY; Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, CA (C.C.E.); Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.J.M.); and Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Saj Parathath
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine (E.D., T.J.B., K.C., S.P., K.J.M., E.A.F.) and Department of Microbiology (N.M.G.), New York University School of Medicine, NY; Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, CA (C.C.E.); Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.J.M.); and Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Christine C Essau
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine (E.D., T.J.B., K.C., S.P., K.J.M., E.A.F.) and Department of Microbiology (N.M.G.), New York University School of Medicine, NY; Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, CA (C.C.E.); Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.J.M.); and Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine (E.D., T.J.B., K.C., S.P., K.J.M., E.A.F.) and Department of Microbiology (N.M.G.), New York University School of Medicine, NY; Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, CA (C.C.E.); Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.J.M.); and Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine (E.D., T.J.B., K.C., S.P., K.J.M., E.A.F.) and Department of Microbiology (N.M.G.), New York University School of Medicine, NY; Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, CA (C.C.E.); Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.J.M.); and Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Edward A Fisher
- From the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine (E.D., T.J.B., K.C., S.P., K.J.M., E.A.F.) and Department of Microbiology (N.M.G.), New York University School of Medicine, NY; Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, CA (C.C.E.); Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.J.M.); and Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.J.M.).
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Barrett TJ, Distel E, Murphy AJ, Hazen SL, Fisher EA. Abstract 399: Apolipoprotein AI Suppresses Diabetes-Associated Leukocytosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.34.suppl_1.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Diabetes-associated hyperglycemia increases circulating neutrophil and monocyte counts in mice via the proliferation and expansion of bone marrow myeloid progenitors. Clinically, diabetic patients also have elevated leukocyte counts, with the differing subsets (inc. neutrophils and monocytes) phenotypically more inflammatory when compared to leukocytes from non-diabetics. An emerging concept is that there is a positive association of leukocyte counts with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetics. Various reports have shown that apolipoprotein AI (apoA1) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) can suppress both myeloproliferation and reduce the inflammatory state of neutrophils and monocytes. Given that low apoA1/HDL is a typical feature of diabetic dyslipidemia this study aimed to establish whether raising apoA1/HDL levels could reduce hyperglycemia-driven leukocytosis in a model of diabetes.
Methods and Results:
C57Bl6 (WT) and hApoA1 (overexpressing) transgenic (TG) mice were given daily i.p. injections of STZ for 5 d to induce diabetes. The TG mice had circulating [hApoa1] of 400 mg/dL (vs. 120 mg/dL mApoA1 in WT) and [HDL-C] levels of 150mg/dL (vs 50 mg/dL in WT). Hyperglycemia induced leukocytosis in WT mice (total WBC 18.6 k/uL), however elevated hApoA1 attenuated this to 13.8 k/uL. This decrease included a significant reduction in the circulating neutrophil (3.5 vs 2.5 k/uL) and monocyte counts (1.3 vs 0.9 k/uL) in the diabetic hApoA1 TG mice. Attenuation of leukocytosis was explained by a reduction in the proliferation and expansion of the neutrophil and monocyte myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow of the diabetic hApoA1 TG mice. Furthermore, s.c. injections of hApoA1 into diabetic WT mice attenuated hyperglycemia-driven myeloid proliferation.
Conclusion:
This study provides the first evidence that apoA1, the major protein component of HDL, can potently suppress diabetes-associated leukocytosis by overcoming the myeloid proliferation observed in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J Barrett
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, NYU Sch of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Emilie Distel
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, NYU Sch of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Edward A Fisher
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, NYU Sch of Medicine, New York, NY
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11
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Sanson M, Distel E, Fisher EA. HDL induces the expression of the M2 macrophage markers arginase 1 and Fizz-1 in a STAT6-dependent process. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74676. [PMID: 23991225 PMCID: PMC3749183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our lab has previously shown in a mouse model that normalization of a low HDL level achieves atherosclerotic plaque regression. This included the shift from a pro ("M1") to an anti-inflammatory ("M2") phenotypic state of plaque macrophages. Whether HDL can directly cause this phenotypic change and, if so, what the signaling mechanism is, were explored in the present studies. Murine primary macrophages treated with HDL showed increased gene expression for the M2 markers Arginase-1 (Arg-1) and Fizz-1, which are classically induced by IL-4. HDL was able to potentiate the IL-4-induced changes in Arg-1, and tended to do the same for Fizz-1, while suppressing the expression of inflammatory genes in response to IFNγ. The effects of either IL-4 or HDL were suppressed when macrophages were from STAT6(-/-) mice, but inhibitor studies suggested differential utilization of JAK isoforms by IL-4 and HDL to activate STAT6 by phosphorylation. Overall, our results describe a new function of HDL, namely its ability to directly enrich macrophages in markers of the M2, anti-inflammatory, state in a process requiring STAT6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sanson
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emilie Distel
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Nagareddy PR, Murphy AJ, Stirzaker RA, Hu Y, Yu S, Miller RG, Ramkhelawon B, Distel E, Westerterp M, Huang LS, Schmidt AM, Orchard TJ, Fisher EA, Tall AR, Goldberg IJ. Hyperglycemia promotes myelopoiesis and impairs the resolution of atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2013; 17:695-708. [PMID: 23663738 PMCID: PMC3992275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Although atherosclerosis is initiated by deposition of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in the artery wall, the entry of inflammatory leukocytes into lesions fuels disease progression and impairs resolution. We show that diabetic mice have increased numbers of circulating neutrophils and Ly6-C(hi) monocytes, reflecting hyperglycemia-induced proliferation and expansion of bone marrow myeloid progenitors and release of monocytes into the circulation. Increased neutrophil production of S100A8/S100A9, and its subsequent interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation end products on common myeloid progenitor cells, leads to enhanced myelopoiesis. Treatment of hyperglycemia reduces monocytosis, entry of monocytes into atherosclerotic lesions, and promotes regression. In patients with type 1 diabetes, plasma S100A8/S100A9 levels correlate with leukocyte counts and coronary artery disease. Thus, hyperglycemia drives myelopoiesis and promotes atherogenesis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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13
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Distel E, Chung K, Murphy AJ, Barrett T, Parathath S, Essau CC, Moore KJ, Fisher EA. Abstract 78: Inhibition of Mir-33 Overcomes the Deleterious Effects of Diabetes on Atherosclerosis Regression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.33.suppl_1.a78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective
Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality which remains elevated with conventional therapies, such as statins. We have shown that diabetes also impairs plaque regression following LDL reduction in mice, as evidenced by a higher macrophage (CD68+ cells) plaque content and a higher inflammatory state of these cells compared to non-diabetic mice. Type-2 diabetics have dyslipidemia characterized by elevated triglyceride levels and low HDL, the latter is thought to contribute to their risk, based on epidemiologic studies. In non-diabetic atherosclerotic mice, inhibition of miR-33, an intronic micro-RNA located within the SREBF2 gene, increases the plasma level of apoAI and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and promotes plaque regression. We hypothesize that elevation of HDL through the inhibition of miR-33 will overcome the deleterious effect of diabetes on macrophage content and inflammatory phenotype in plaques in a regression evironment.
Methods and Results
Diabetic (STZ-injected) and non-diabetic Reversa (LdLr-/-Apob100/100Mttpfl/flMx1-Cre+/+) mice, a model in which diet-induced hypercholesterolemia can be quickly and efficiently reversed, were fed a western diet for 16 weeks and then treated with anti-miR-33 oligonucleotide or control anti-miR for 4 weeks. Treatment with anti-miR-33 increased HDL-cholesterol in both diabetic (17%) and non-diabetic mice (30%). Anti-miR-33 treated diabetic mice showed an improvement in plaque regression as evidenced by a 26% reduction in CD68 content compared to diabetic mice receiving control anti-miR, and an enrichment in anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (assessed by MR 1 and YM1). Monocyte tracking with latex beads suggests that the reduction of macrophage content is due to a decrease in monocyte recruitment to the plaque, rather than an increase in macrophage egress. This reduction in recruitment correlated with a decrease in the monocytosis associated with diabetes in the anti-miR-33 treated diabetic mice.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that miR-33 inhibition is able to overcome the deleterious effects of diabetes on atherosclerosis regression, by decreasing monocytosis, monocyte recruitment and improving the inflammatory status of plaque macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Distel
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, NYU Sch of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kellie Chung
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, NYU Sch of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Molecular Medicine/Dept of Medicine, Columbia Univ, New York, NY
| | - Tessa Barrett
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, NYU Sch of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Sajesh Parathath
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, NYU Sch of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Kathryn J Moore
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, NYU Sch of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Edward A Fisher
- The Leon H. Charney Div of Cardiology, NYU Sch of Medicine, New York, NY
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14
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Distel E, Penot G, Cadoudal T, Balguy I, Durant S, Benelli C. Early induction of a brown-like phenotype by rosiglitazone in the epicardial adipose tissue of fatty Zucker rats. Biochimie 2012; 94:1660-7. [PMID: 22575275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is "hypertrophied" in the obese. Thiazolidinediones are anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic drugs and are selective agonists for the gamma isoform of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ). We evaluated the short-term effects of the prototype rosiglitazone (RSG, 5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 4 days) on the expression of the genes and proteins (by real-time PCR and Western blot) involved in fatty acid (FA) metabolism in EAT of the obese fatty Zucker rat and compared the levels of expression with those in retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RAT). The glyceroneogenic flux leading to fatty acid re-esterification was assessed by the incorporation of 14C from [1-14C]-pyruvate into neutral lipids. RSG upregulated the mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, glycerol kinase, adipocyte lipid binding protein, adipose tissue triglyceride lipase and lipoprotein lipase in both RAT and EAT with a resulting increase in glyceroneogenesis that, however, was more pronounced in EAT than in RAT. Under RSG, fatty acid output was decreased in both tissues but unexpectedly less so in EAT than in RAT. RSG also induced the expression of the key genes for fatty acid oxidation [carnitinepalmitoyl transferase-1, medium chain acyl dehydrogenase and very long chain acyl dehydrogenase (VLCAD)]in EAT and RAT with a resulting significant rise of the expression of VLCAD protein. In addition, the expression of the genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial processing and density PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), NADH dehydrogenase 1 and cytochrome oxidase (COX4) were increased by RSG treatment only in EAT, with a resulting significant up-regulation of PGC1-α and COX4 protein. This was accompanied by a rise in the expression of PR domain containing 16 and uncoupling protein 1, two brown adipose tissue-specific proteins. In conclusion, this study reveals that PPAR-γ agonist could induce a rapid browning of the EAT that probably contributes to the increase in lipid turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Distel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S 747, Université Paris Descartes Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, Pharmacologie Toxicologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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15
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with diabetes have increased cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis in these patients is often associated with increased plaque macrophages and dyslipidemia. We hypothesized that diabetic atherosclerosis involves processes that impair favorable effects of lipid reduction on plaque macrophages. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Reversa mice are LDL receptor-deficient mice that develop atherosclerosis. Their elevated plasma LDL levels are lowered after conditional knockout of the gene encoding microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. We examined the morphologic and molecular changes in atherosclerotic plaques in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Reversa mice after LDL lowering. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were also used to study changes mediated by hyperglycemia. RESULTS Reversa mice were fed a western diet for 16 weeks to develop plaques (baseline). Four weeks after lipid normalization, control (nondiabetic) mice had reduced plasma cholesterol (-77%), plaque cholesterol (-53%), and plaque cells positive for macrophage marker CD68+ (-73%), but increased plaque collagen (+116%) compared with baseline mice. Diabetic mice had similarly reduced plasma cholesterol, but collagen content increased by only 34% compared with baseline; compared with control mice, there were lower reductions in plaque cholesterol (-30%) and CD68+ cells (-41%). Diabetic (vs. control) plaque CD68+ cells also exhibited more oxidant stress and inflammatory gene expression and less polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage state. Many of the findings in vivo were recapitulated by hyperglycemia in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes hindered plaque regression in atherosclerotic mice (based on CD68+ plaque content) and favorable changes in plaque macrophage characteristics after the reduction of elevated plasma LDL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol/blood
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Collagen/blood
- Collagen/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diet, Atherogenic
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Saj Parathath
- Department of Medicine and the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology/Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Grauer
- Department of Medicine and the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology/Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Li-Shin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Marie Sanson
- Department of Medicine and the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology/Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Emilie Distel
- Department of Medicine and the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology/Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine and the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology/Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Corresponding author: Edward A. Fisher,
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16
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Distel E, Cadoudal T, Durant S, Poignard A, Chevalier X, Benelli C. The infrapatellar fat pad in knee osteoarthritis: an important source of interleukin-6 and its soluble receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:3374-7. [PMID: 19877065 DOI: 10.1002/art.24881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a potent risk factor in knee osteoarthritis (OA). It has been suggested that adipokines, secreted by adipose tissue (AT) and largely found in the synovial fluid of OA patients, derive in part from the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), also known as Hoffa's fat pad. The goal of this study was to characterize IFP tissue in obese OA patients and to compare its features with thigh subcutaneous AT to determine whether the IFP contributes to local inflammation in knee OA via production of specific cytokines. METHODS IFP and subcutaneous AT samples were obtained from 11 obese women (body mass index > or =30 kg/m2) with knee femorotibial OA. Gene expression was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cytokine concentrations in plasma and in conditioned media of cultured AT explants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or by Luminex xMAP technology. RESULTS In IFP tissue versus subcutaneous AT, there was a decrease in the expression of genes for key enzymes implicated in adipocyte lipid metabolism, whereas the expression levels of genes for AT markers remained similar. A 2-fold increase in the expression of the gene for interleukin-6 (IL-6), a 2-fold increase in the release of IL-6, and a 3.6-fold increase in the release of soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) were observed in IFP samples, compared with subcutaneous AT, but the rates of secretion of other cytokines in IFP samples were similar to the rates in subcutaneous AT. In addition, leptin secretion was decreased by 40%, whereas adiponectin secretion was increased by 70%, in IFP samples versus subcutaneous AT. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the IFP cytokine profile typically found in OA patients could play a role in paracrine inflammation via the local production of IL-6/sIL-6R and that such a profile might contribute to damage in adjacent cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Distel
- INSERM UMR-S 747, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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17
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Cadoudal T, Distel E, Durant S, Fouque F, Blouin JM, Collinet M, Bortoli S, Forest C, Benelli C. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4: regulation by thiazolidinediones and implication in glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue. Diabetes 2008; 57:2272-9. [PMID: 18519799 PMCID: PMC2518477 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) serves as the metabolic switch between glucose and fatty acid utilization. PDC activity is inhibited by PDC kinase (PDK). PDC shares the same substrate, i.e., pyruvate, as glyceroneogenesis, a pathway controlling fatty acid release from white adipose tissue (WAT). Thiazolidinediones activate glyceroneogenesis. We studied the regulation by rosiglitazone of PDK2 and PDK4 isoforms and tested the hypothesis that glyceroneogenesis could be controlled by PDK. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Rosiglitazone was administered to Zucker fa/fa rats, and then PDK4 and PDK2 mRNAs were examined in subcutaneous, periepididymal, and retroperitoneal WAT, liver, and muscle by real-time RT-PCR. Cultured WAT explants from humans and rats and 3T3-F442A adipocytes were rosiglitazone-treated before analyses of PDK2 and PDK4 mRNA and protein. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected by electroporation. Glyceroneogenesis was determined using [1-(14)C]pyruvate incorporation into lipids. RESULTS Rosiglitazone increased PDK4 mRNA in all WAT depots but not in liver and muscle. PDK2 transcript was not affected. This isoform selectivity was also found in ex vivo-treated explants. In 3T3-F442A adipocytes, Pdk4 expression was strongly and selectively induced by rosiglitazone in a direct and transcriptional manner, with a concentration required for half-maximal effect at 1 nmol/l. The use of dichloroacetic acid or leelamine, two PDK inhibitors, or a specific PDK4 siRNA demonstrated that PDK4 participated in glyceroneogenesis, therefore altering nonesterified fatty acid release in both basal and rosiglitazone-activated conditions. CONCLUSIONS These data show that PDK4 upregulation in adipocytes participates in the hypolipidemic effect of thiazolidinediones through modulation of glyceroneogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cadoudal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 747, Université Paris Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
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18
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Khazen W, Distel E, Collinet M, Chaves VE, M'Bika JP, Chany C, Achour A, Benelli C, Forest C. Acute and selective inhibition of adipocyte glyceroneogenesis and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by interferon gamma. Endocrinology 2007; 148:4007-14. [PMID: 17495004 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was previously shown to promote fatty acid (FA) release from adipose tissue (AT). Net lipolysis is an equilibrium between triglyceride breakdown and FA re-esterification. The latter requires activated glyceroneogenesis for glycerol-3-phosphate synthesis and increased cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C), the key enzyme in this pathway. We wondered whether glyceroneogenesis and PEPCK-C would be IFN-gamma targets. We injected mice with IFN-gamma, and exposed either AT explants and isolated adipocytes from humans and mice or 3T3-F442A adipocytes to IFN-gamma before monitoring expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and the metabolic consequences. We show that IFN-gamma induces a large increase in FA release without affecting glycerol output and decreases [1-(14)C]-pyruvate incorporation into lipids, thus demonstrating that FA re-esterification is reduced due to diminished glyceroneogenesis. A series of mRNA encoding proteins involved in FA metabolism remained unaffected by IFN-gamma, while that of PEPCK-C was rapidly and drastically lowered. IFN-gamma effect opposed that of the beta-agonist isoproterenol and of 8-Br-cAMP. In IFN-gamma-treated mice, PEPCK-C gene expression was decreased in AT, but not in liver or kidney. Thus, IFN-gamma exerts a tissue-specific action in rodents and humans, having glyceroneogenesis and the PEPCK-C gene as selective targets to intensify FA release from adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Khazen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche S747, Université Paris Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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