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Lorente-Leal V, Liandris E, Bezos J, Pérez-Sancho M, Romero B, de Juan L. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry as a Rapid Screening Alternative for Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Species Identification in the Veterinary Laboratory. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:827702. [PMID: 35155660 PMCID: PMC8831857 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.827702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are difficult to identify by biochemical and genetic methods due to their microbiological properties and complex taxonomy. The development of more efficient and rapid methods for species identification in the veterinary microbiological laboratory is, therefore, of great importance. Although MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (MS) has become a promising tool for the identification of NTM species in human clinical practise, information regarding its performance on veterinary isolates is scarce. This study assesses the capacity of MALDI-TOF MS to identify NTM isolates (n = 75) obtained from different animal species. MALDI-TOF MS identified 76.0% (n = 57) and 4% (n = 3) of the isolates with high and low confidence, respectively, in agreement with the identification achieved by Sanger sequencing of housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, hsp65, and rpoB). Thirteen isolates (17.3%) were identified by Sanger sequencing to the complex level, indicating that these may belong to uncharacterised species. MALDI-TOF MS approximated low confidence identifications toward closely related mycobacterial groups, such as the M. avium or M. terrae complexes. Two isolates were misidentified due to a high similarity between species or due to the lack of spectra in the database. Our results suggest that MALDI-TOF MS can be used as an effective alternative for rapid screening of mycobacterial isolates in the veterinary laboratory and potentially for the detection of new NTM species. In turn, Sanger sequencing could be implemented as an additional method to improve identifications in species for which MALDI-TOF MS identification is limited or for further characterisation of NTM species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Lorente-Leal
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emmanouil Liandris
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Sancho
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Beatriz Romero
| | - Lucía de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Lorente-Leal V, Liandris E, Castellanos E, Bezos J, Domínguez L, de Juan L, Romero B. Validation of a Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Members in Bovine Tissue Samples. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:61. [PMID: 30886855 PMCID: PMC6409304 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the post-mortem diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis is mainly achieved through microbiological culture, the development of other techniques to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) members directly from tissue samples has been pursued. The present study describes the development, optimization and validation of a Real-Time PCR based on the mpb70 gene to detect MTBC members in clinical tissue samples from cattle. Specific primers and a hybridization probe were used to amplify MTBC-specific sequences in order to avoid cross-reaction with non-MTBC species. An Internal Amplification Control (IAC) was included in order to assess the presence of PCR inhibitors in the samples. The PCR was optimized to achieve maximum efficiency, and the limit of detection, limit of quantification and dynamic range of the reaction were determined. The specificity of the reaction was tested against 34 mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial species. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of the method were assessed on 200 bovine tissue samples in relation to bacteriological culture. The dynamic range of the reaction spanned from 5 ng/reaction (106 genome equivalents) to 50 fg/reaction (10 genome equivalents). The efficiency of the reaction was 102.6% and the achieved R2 was 0.999. The limit of detection with 95% confidence was 10 genome equivalents/reaction. No cross-reactions with non-MTBC species were observed. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values of the mpb70 specific Real-Time PCR respect to culture were 94.59% (95% CI: 86.73–98.51%) and 96.03% (95% CI: 90.98–98.70%), respectively, with a PPV of 93.33% (95% CI: 85.55–97.07%) and a NPV of 96.80% (95% CI: 92.10–98.74%). The concordance of the Real-Time PCR based on mpb70 is comparable to that of culture (K = 0.904) showing a great potential for the detection of members of the MTBC in animal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lorente-Leal
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emmanouil Liandris
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Chadio S, Kotsampasi B, Taka S, Liandris E, Papadopoulos N, Plakokefalos E. Epigenetic changes of hepatic glucocorticoid receptor in sheep male offspring undernourished in utero. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1995-2004. [PMID: 28076749 DOI: 10.1071/rd16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise the effects of maternal undernutrition during gestation on hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme gene expression and to determine whether such effects are mediated through epigenetic changes in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Pregnant ewes were fed a 50% nutrient-restricted diet from Day 0 to 30 (R1) or from Day 31 to 100 of gestation (R2) or a 100% diet throughout gestation (Control). After parturition lambs were fed to appetite. At 10 months of age offspring were euthanised and livers were removed. Maternal undernutrition did not affect offspring bodyweight at birth or at 10 months of age. However, liver weight of males of the R2 group was lower (P<0.05) in relation to other groups. A significant (P<0.05) hypomethylation of the hepatic GR promoter was revealed in males of the R2 group and a tendency towards the same in the R1 group, along with increased (P<0.001) GR gene expression in both restricted groups. A significant increase (P<0.05) in hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression was found in male lambs of both undernourished groups, accompanied by increased (P<0.01) protein levels, while no differences were detected for glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) mRNA abundance and protein levels. In female lambs, no differences between groups were observed for any parameter studied. These data represent potential mechanisms by which insults in early life may lead to persistent physiological changes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Chadio
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, PO Box 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Basiliki Kotsampasi
- Research Institute of Animal Science, Directorate General of Agricultural Research, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation 'DEMETER', Paralimni, PO Box 58100, Giannitsa, Greece
| | - Stylliani Taka
- Allergy Department, Second Paediatric Clinic, University of Athens, 41 Fidippidou, PO Box 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Liandris
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, PO Box 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, Second Paediatric Clinic, University of Athens, 41 Fidippidou, PO Box 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Plakokefalos
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, PO Box 11855, Athens, Greece
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Mataragka A, Leousi E, Liandris E, Ntafis V, Leontides L, Aggelidou E, Bossis I, Triantaphyllopoulos KA, Theodoropoulou I, Ikonomopoulos J. Faecal shedding of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis reduces before parturition in sheep? Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cimaglia F, Liandris E, Gazouli M, Sechi L, Chiesa M, De Lorenzis E, Andreadou M, Taka S, Mataragka A, Ikonomopoulos J. Detection of mycobacterial DNA by a specific and simple lateral flow assay incorporating cadmium selenide quantum dots. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:534-536. [PMID: 26070989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Casal C, Alvarez J, Bezos J, Quick H, Díez-Guerrier A, Romero B, Saez JL, Liandris E, Navarro A, Perez A, Domínguez L, de Juan L. Effect of the inoculation site of bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) on the skin fold thickness increase in cattle from officially tuberculosis free and tuberculosis-infected herds. Prev Vet Med 2015; 121:86-92. [PMID: 26189005 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The official technique for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) worldwide is the tuberculin skin test, based on the evaluation of the skin thickness increase after the intradermal inoculation of a purified protein derivative (PPD) in cattle. A number of studies performed on experimentally infected or sensitized cattle have suggested that the relative sensitivity of the cervical test (performed in the neck) may vary depending on the exact location in which the PPD is injected. However, quantitative evidence on the variation of the test accuracy associated to changes in the site of inoculation in naturally infected animals (the population in which performance of the test is most critical for disease eradication) is lacking. Here, the probability of obtaining a positive reaction (>2 or 4 millimeters and/or presence of local clinical signs) after multiple inoculations of bovine PPD in different cervical and scapular locations was assessed in animals from five bTB-infected herds (818 cattle receiving eight inoculations) using a hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression model and adjusting for the potential effect of age and sex. The effect of the inoculation site was also assessed qualitatively in animals from four officially tuberculosis free (OTF) herds (two inoculations in 210 animals and eight inoculations in 38 cattle). Although no differences in the qualitative outcome of the test were observed in cattle from OTF herds, a statistically important association between the test outcome and the inoculation site in animals from infected herds was observed, with higher probabilities of positive results when the test was performed in the neck anterior area. Our results suggest that test sensitivity may be maximized by considering the area of the neck in which the test is applied, although lack of effect of the inoculation site in the specificity of the test should be confirmed in a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Casal
- Mycobacteria Unit, VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 55108 St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Javier Bezos
- MAEVA SERVET S.L. C/ de la Fragua 3, 28749, Alameda del Valle, Madrid, Spain
| | - Harrison Quick
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE MS F-76, Atlanta 30341-3717, Georgia
| | - Alberto Díez-Guerrier
- MAEVA SERVET S.L. C/ de la Fragua 3, 28749, Alameda del Valle, Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Mycobacteria Unit, VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Saez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment, C/ Almagro 33, 28071 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emmanouil Liandris
- Mycobacteria Unit, VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Navarro
- Mycobacteria Unit, VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 55108 St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- Mycobacteria Unit, VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- Mycobacteria Unit, VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Bezos J, Casal C, Romero B, Liandris E, Sánchez N, Vigo V, Domínguez L, de Juan L. Lack of interference with diagnostic testing for tuberculosis in goats experimentally exposed to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Vet J 2015; 205:113-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Taka S, Gazouli M, Sotirakoglou K, Liandris E, Andreadou M, Triantaphyllopoulos K, Ikonomopoulos J. Functional analysis of 3'UTR polymorphisms in the caprine SLC11A1 gene and its association with the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 167:75-9. [PMID: 26117376 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms in the 3'UTR of the caprine SLC11A1 gene are functional, and to assess the role of MAP as a regulatory parameter in gene expression. To this goal we constructed plasmids expressing the Luciferase reporter gene in transient transfections of a mouse (Balb/c) macrophage cell line (RAW264.7), incorporating those polymorphisms that our previous work indicated as more prominent in terms of SLC11A1 expression and responsiveness to MAP infection. Gene expression variation was recorded on the average of the respective measurements after exposure to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) combined with microbial antigens and cytokines. In silico analysis of the region under study allowed identification of one cis-acting RNA element, five putative transcriptional regulatory elements and 85 3'end microRNA binding sites. The two polymorphic regions (regions A and B) of the 3'UTR of the caprine SLC11A1 gene were recognized as regulators of its activity, at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. The GT16 polymorphism at region A, combined with the GT8 polymorphism at region B, results in up-regulation of the SLC11A1 gene. The specific genotype was also found to be more responsive to MAP exposure at a statistically significant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Taka
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos st., 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - M Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 176 Michalakopoulou st., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - K Sotirakoglou
- Department of Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos st., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - E Liandris
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos st., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - M Andreadou
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos st., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - K Triantaphyllopoulos
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos st., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - J Ikonomopoulos
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos st., 11855 Athens, Greece
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Tasioudi KE, Iliadou P, Agianniotaki EI, Robardet E, Liandris E, Doudounakis S, Tzani M, Tsaroucha P, Picard-Meyer E, Cliquet F, Mangana-Vougiouka O. Recurrence of animal rabies, Greece, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:326-8. [PMID: 24447622 PMCID: PMC3901465 DOI: 10.3201/eid2002.130473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Liandris E, Gazouli M, Taka S, Andreadou M, Vaiopoulou A, Tzimotoudis N, Kasampalidis I, Mpaseas D, Fyliousis G, Poltrionieri P, Cook N, Ikonomopoulos J. Evaluation of the Microbial Safety of Child Food of Animal Origin in Greece. J Food Sci 2014; 79:M362-8. [PMID: 24506312 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Liandris
- Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture; Agricultural Univ. of Athens; 75 Iera Odos St. 11855 Athens Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology; School of Medicine; Dept. of Basic Medical Sciences; Univ. of Athens; 11527 Athens Greece
| | - Styliani Taka
- Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture; Agricultural Univ. of Athens; 75 Iera Odos St. 11855 Athens Greece
| | - Margarita Andreadou
- Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture; Agricultural Univ. of Athens; 75 Iera Odos St. 11855 Athens Greece
| | - Anna Vaiopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology; School of Medicine; Dept. of Basic Medical Sciences; Univ. of Athens; 11527 Athens Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tzimotoudis
- Hellenic Army Biological Research Center; 6-8 Tax Velliou 15236 P. Penteli Greece
| | - Ioannis Kasampalidis
- Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture; Agricultural Univ. of Athens; 75 Iera Odos St. 11855 Athens Greece
| | - Dionysis Mpaseas
- Hellenic Army Biological Research Center; 6-8 Tax Velliou 15236 P. Penteli Greece
| | - George Fyliousis
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki; 541 24 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Palmiro Poltrionieri
- Inst. of Sciences of Food Productions; Natl. Research Council of Italy; CNR-ISPA; Lecce Italy
| | - Nigel Cook
- Food and Environment Research Agency; Sand Hutton; York YO41 1LZ UK
| | - John Ikonomopoulos
- Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture; Agricultural Univ. of Athens; 75 Iera Odos St. 11855 Athens Greece
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Boutsini S, Papatsiros V, Stougiou D, Marucci G, Liandris E, Athanasiou L, Papadoudis A, Karagiozopoulos E, Bisias A, Pozio E. Emerging Trichinella britovi infections in free ranging pigs of Greece. Vet Parasitol 2014; 199:278-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Taka S, Liandris E, Gazouli M, Sotirakoglou K, Theodoropoulos G, Bountouri M, Andreadou M, Ikonomopoulos J. In vitro expression of the SLC11A1 gene in goat monocyte-derived macrophages challenged with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. Infect Genet Evol 2013; 17:8-15. [PMID: 23567820 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Johne's disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic, progressive intestinal disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). One of the genes that have been targeted with regard to resistance or sensitivity to paratuberculosis is the SLC11A1 (solute carrier family 11 member A1). Here we extend our previous work to the sequence and structure analysis of the caprine SLC11A1 gene and we assess the functional impact of the most frequent polymorphisms of the 3' UTR region of the SLC11A1 gene to its expression in goat macrophages exposed in vitro to MAP. The role of these polymorphisms in primary immune response is also investigated with connection to gene expression of two interleukins (IL), one of which pro (IL-1a), and the other anti-inflammatory (IL-10). In order to assess gene response, quantitative detection of the SLC11A1, IL-10 and IL1a mRNA was performed by real time PCR before, and at 1, 3 and 24h after exposure of primary cultures of peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages to MAP, collected from 54 goats of the Greek native goat breed. Sequence analysis of the 3' UTR end of the caprine SLC11A1 gene determined its full length to be 522 bases. Structure analysis confirmed the presence of two microsatellites consisted of a variable number of guanine-thymine repeats (regions A and B). The homozygous B7 genotype [B(GTn)7/7] was associated at a statistically significant level with increased expression of the SLC11A1 and IL-1α genes indicating increased in vitro responsiveness and therefore resistance of mononuclear derived macrophages to MAP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Taka
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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13
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Liandris E, Kominakis A, Andreadou M, Kapeoldassi K, Chadio S, Tsiligianni T, Gazouli M, Ikonomopoulos I. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms of GDF9 and BMP15 genes and litter size in two dairy sheep breeds of Greece. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Andreadou M, Liandris E, Kasampalidis IN, Taka S, Antoniou M, Ntais P, Vaiopoulou A, Theodoropoulos G, Gazouli M, Ikonomopoulos J. Evaluation of the performance of selected in-house and commercially available PCR and real-time PCR assays for the detection of Leishmania DNA in canine clinical samples. Exp Parasitol 2012; 131:419-24. [PMID: 22659229 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protozoa of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of leishmaniosis. Although the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proved very effective in the detection of Leishmania DNA, a standardized method does not exist. In this study we attempt a comparative evaluation between one real time PCR (Method D), two in-house (Methods A and C), and a commercially available PCR assay (Method B) for the detection of Leishmania DNA, in order to support reliable diagnostic investigation of leishmaniosis. This evaluation was performed in regard to relative specificity and sensitivity, minimum detection limit (MDL), repeatability and reproducibility using cultured isolates and clinical samples. All the methods under study produced the expected result with the positive and negative controls. However with regard to clinical samples, Method C showed a statistically significant higher level of positivity. Relative sensitivity and specificity of Methods A, B and D in comparison to C was calculated respectively at 50.7%, 43%, 40%, and 90.8%, 93.4% and 89.5%. The MDL for Methods A-D was defined respectively at 30.7, 5, 3.7, and 5 promastigotes/ml. Repeatability and reproducibility were excellent in all cases with only the exception of Method A regarding reproducibility with a different brand of PCR reagents. The results that were recorded indicate that evaluation of PCR assays before their application for research and clinical diagnosis can provide useful evidence for their reliable application. Within this context the use of internal amplification controls and the confirmation of the specificity of the amplification product is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Andreadou
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Liandris E, Gazouli M, Andreadou M, Sechi LA, Rosu V, Ikonomopoulos J. Detection of pathogenic mycobacteria based on functionalized quantum dots coupled with immunomagnetic separation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20026. [PMID: 21637746 PMCID: PMC3103498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria have always proven difficult to identify due to their low growth rate and fastidious nature. Therefore molecular biology and more recently nanotechnology, have been exploited from early on for the detection of these pathogens. Here we present the first stage of development of an assay incorporating cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs) for the detection of mycobacterial surface antigens. The principle of the assay is the separation of bacterial cells using magnetic beads coupled with genus-specific polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies for heparin-binding hemagglutinin. These complexes are then tagged with anti-mouse biotinylated antibody and finally streptavidin-conjugated QDs which leads to the detection of a fluorescent signal. For the evaluation of performance, the method under study was applied on Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (positive controls), as well as E. coli and Salmonella spp. that constituted the negative controls. The direct observation of the latter category of samples did not reveal fluorescence as opposed to the mycobacteria mentioned above. The minimum detection limit of the assay was defined to 104 bacteria/ml, which could be further decreased by a 1 log when fluorescence was measured with a spectrofluorometer. The method described here can be easily adjusted for any other protein target of either the pathogen or the host, and once fully developed it will be directly applicable on clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Liandris
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Andreadou
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Microbiology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Microbiology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - John Ikonomopoulos
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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16
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Mourelatou EA, Spyratou E, Georgopoulos A, Makropoulou M, Liandris E, Gazouli M, Ikonomopoulos J, Demetzos C. Development and characterization of oligonucleotide-tagged dye-encapsulating EPC/DPPG liposomes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:5548-5556. [PMID: 21133073 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes applications in health care include meanly their ability to carry drugs and genes inside the human body for therapeutic purposes. Nevertheless their applicability can extend far beyond and could be used as analytical tools in order to perform rapid, low-cost, sensitive and specific analyses. Their physical characteristics, such as large internal volume and extended surface area, render them ideal for these applications and specifically for improving the specificity and sensitivity of the analytical assay. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, stable and low-cost oligonucleotide-tagged liposomal formulation consisting of EggPC and DPPG with a simple to synthesize thiol-reactive conjugate (Mal-SA) incorporated into the lipid bilayer of liposomes. The prepared liposomes, having also the water soluble dye Sulforhodamine B encapsulated in their inner cavity, were characterized in terms of their physicochemical (size, size distribution, zeta-potential, lipid content) and mechanical (morphology, rigidity) properties. The results showed that the final liposomal formulation could be used in the future as analytical tool for detecting pathogen strains of microorganism in biological milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Mourelatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Greece
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17
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Manarolla G, Liandris E, Pisoni G, Moroni P, Piccinini R, Rampin T. Mycobacterium genavenseand avian polyomavirus co-infection in a European Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis). Avian Pathol 2010; 36:423-6. [PMID: 17899468 DOI: 10.1080/03079450701598390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic mycobacteriosis associated with avian polyomavirus infection was diagnosed histologically in an 8-year-old, captive European goldfinch with a history of nervous signs. Severe mycobacterial lesions were observed in the central nervous system, lungs, cervical air sacs and adrenal glands, without involvement of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to mycobacteriosis, intranuclear inclusions, typical of polyomavirus, were identified in the adrenal glands. Polymerase chain reaction assays were used to identify Mycobacterium genavense and finch polyomavirus as the causative agents. The absence of involvement of the gastrointestinal tract and the severity of the lesions in the respiratory tract suggested that inhalation may have been the primary route of infection with M. genavense.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manarolla
- Sezione di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria e Patologia Aviare, Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanitá Publica Veterninaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
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18
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Korou LM, Liandris E, Gazouli M, Ikonomopoulos J. Investigation of the association of the SLC11A1 gene with resistance/sensitivity of goats (Capra hircus) to paratuberculosis. Vet Microbiol 2010; 144:353-8. [PMID: 20188496 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
SLC11A1 (solute carrier family 11 member A1) protein is located on the phagolysosome membrane of macrophages and participates in bacterial killing. Here we have extended our previous work on the investigation of the potential association of polymorphisms of the 3'untranslated region (UTR) of SLC11A1 gene with test-positivity of goats to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Blood, serum and faeces were collected from 223 adult goats, from nine goat farms from Greece with a long-term record of paratuberculosis but no vaccination or tuberculin testing. The samples were subjected to sequence and structure analysis of the SLC11A1 gene and were evaluated by ELISA, culture and real time polymerase chain reaction. The 3'UTR region of the targeted gene revealed 2 microsatellites consisting of a variable number of guanine-thymine repeats named regions A and B. Statistically significant association was recorded between genotypes of region B and ELISA results, whereas the presence of B(7) allele was found to contribute to ELISA negativity. The comparison of the SLC11A1 mRNA level pre- and post-exposure to MAP shows elevated gene expression especially at the 3-h time point, in all macrophages tested regardless of their genotype. Unfortunately the latter could not be linked at a statistically significant level with any of the targeted genetic polymorphisms separately. In conclusion it can be stated that the evidence reported here provide the first indications on the association of B genotypes of the SLC11A1 gene and the detection of MAP-specific antibody by ELISA in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laskarina Maria Korou
- Agricultural University of Athens, Faculty of Animal Science, Laboratory of Anatomy-Physiology, 75 Iera Odos St., 118.55 Athens, Greece
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19
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Liandris E, Gazouli M, Andreadou M, Čomor M, Abazovic N, Sechi LA, Ikonomopoulos J. Direct detection of unamplified DNA from pathogenic mycobacteria using DNA-derivatized gold nanoparticles. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 78:260-4. [PMID: 19539667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Ikonomopoulos J, Liandris E, Andreadou M, Gazouli M. Associations Between Abortion-Records in Goats and Test-Positivity to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis~!2008-10-24~!2008-12-01~!2009-01-06~! ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2174/1874318800903010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Manarolla G, Liandris E, Pisoni G, Sassera D, Grilli G, Gallazzi D, Sironi G, Moroni P, Piccinini R, Rampin T. Avian mycobacteriosis in companion birds: 20-year survey. Vet Microbiol 2008; 133:323-7. [PMID: 18789612 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The causative agents of avian mycobacteriosis in pet birds are rarely identified. The aim of this study is to add information about the etiology of avian mycobacteriosis. The identification of mycobacterium species in 27 cases of avian mycobacteriosis in pet birds was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of a rRNA hypervariable region. Avian mycobacteriosis appeared to be an infrequent diagnosis. Interestingly, a few cases of avian mycobacteriosis were recorded in very young birds. The most commonly affected species were the canary (Serinus canarius), the Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) and the red siskin (Spinus cucullatus). All but one bird were infected with Mycobacterium genavense. Mycobacterium avium was identified only in one case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Manarolla
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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22
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Ikonomopoulos J, Fragkiadaki E, Liandris E, Sotirakoglou K, Xylouri E, Gazouli M. Estimation of the spread of pathogenic mycobacteria in organic broiler farms by the polymerase chain reaction. Vet Microbiol 2008; 133:278-82. [PMID: 18774661 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Organic poultry breeding allows for increased exposure of birds to soil, faeces, and wildlife, which have been associated with the transmission of mycobacterial infections. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the spread of the major pathogenic mycobacteria in organically reared broilers in Greece using a diagnostic algorithm that relied on a combination of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). Liver, spleen and gonads from 81 to 150 days old broilers were aseptically collected post-mortem. 500 broilers from a population of 35,370, reared in the 25 registered as organic farms in Greece for the 2005 were used. DNA was isolated and incorporated to PCR targeted to 16S-rRNA gene (for Mycobacterium spp.), IS6110 (for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-MTBc), IS1245 (for Mycobacterium avium complex-MAC), IS901 (for M. avium subsp. avium-MAA) and hsp65 (for Mycobacterium genavense, by PCR-RFLP). The mean prevalence of mycobacteria detected by PCR with a 95% confidence interval was estimated to 4.4-8.8%. The relevant percentage with regard to the mycobacterial species that were included in this study was 0.17-2.03% for MAC, 2.11-3.39% for MTBc and 0.66-3.08% for mycobacteria not belonging to any of the above groups. None of the mycobacteria detected were identified as MAA or M. genavense. Considering that avian tuberculosis has been eradicated from conventional farms, the level and the pattern of positivity recorded here, indicates that our results may be associated with the specific conditions that apply to organic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ikonomopoulos
- Agricultural University of Athens, Faculty of Animal Science, Athens, Greece.
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Zecconi A, Cesaris L, Liandris E, Daprà V, Piccinini R. Role of several Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors on the inflammatory response in bovine mammary gland. Microb Pathog 2006; 40:177-83. [PMID: 16517115 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes many serious diseases in humans and animals, and it is the most common aetiologic agent of contagious bovine mastitis. The bacteria produce several virulence factors and the importance of evaluating the combination of these virulence factors has been recently emphasized. In study, the combination of several virulence factors: coagulase gene (coa), protein A gene (spa), collagen-binding protein gene (cna), fibrinogen-binding protein gene (efb), Panton-Valentin leukocydin gene (pvl) and enterotoxins (sea,seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, sej) was considered. The analysis of the relationship between presence/absence of the different genes and the udder inflammatory response measured by milk somatic cell counts was performed by general linear models and logistic regression. The classification of isolates in clusters by virulence genes combinations showed that at least one cluster induced a higher inflammatory response. Moreover, the analysis of the association between virulence genes and the presence of a subclinical mastitis showed the role of spa and sej gene as risk factors. These results support that the development of subclinical mastitis could be related to strains characteristics and to the expression of specific combinations of the virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Zecconi
- Department Animal Pathology, Hygiene and Public Health. Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Piccinini R, Luzzago C, Frigerio M, Frigerio V, Daprà V, Liandris E, Zecconi A. Comparison of Blood Non-Specific Immune Parameters in Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Persistently Infected and in Immune Heifers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 53:62-7. [PMID: 16626401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several data from different authors show that Bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) could be a key component in multiple-etiology diseases, indeed a lower leukocytes number and their impaired functions decrease the resistance to infections. However, most of the information on the impairment of immune function during BVDV infections arise from circumstantial evidence and from experimental infection studies, and few from field data. To assess the effects of BVDV on blood cells parameters, cellular and humoral functions under field conditions, we designed a controlled study in commercial dairy herds, comparing persistent infected (PI) and healthy heifers. A total of 45 heifers were considered, the PI animals were nine, the control animals were 34, while two controls were considered as acute infected animals. The comparison of the mean values in PI calves showed a significant decrease for leukocytes and granulocytes, while platelets showed a significant increase, when compared with control animals. The total number of lymphocytes decreased not significantly in PI animals, while the proportion significantly increased. The number and proportion of monocytes was significantly reduced in PI animals, when compared with controls. The data collected on markers of cellular immunity during our study cannot be compared with the literature because there are no reference values. The presence of a persistent infection affected the cellular enzymes: NAGase, lysozyme and respiratory burst showed a large statistically significant decrease in PI animals when compared with controls. The presence of a persistent infection with BVD virus influenced blood cells number and impaired some blood cell functions. Such impairment confirms that PI animals represent a threat to the herd not only because they could spread BVDV, but also because they are more susceptible to other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Piccinini
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
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