1
|
Castle JT, Levy BE, Allison DB, Rodeberg DA, Rellinger EJ. Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcomas of the Genitourinary Tract. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2864. [PMID: 37345202 PMCID: PMC10216134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in the pediatric and adolescent population, with 350 new cases diagnosed each year. While they can develop anywhere in the body, the genitourinary tract is the second most common primary location for an RMS to develop. Overall survival has improved through the increased use of protocols and multidisciplinary approaches. However, the guidelines for management continue to change as systemic and radiation therapeutics advance. Given the relative rarity of this disease compared to other non-solid childhood malignancies, healthcare providers not directly managing RMS may not be familiar with their presentation and updated management. This review aims to provide foundational knowledge of the management of RMSs with an emphasis on specific management paradigms for those arising from the genitourinary tract. The genitourinary tract is the second most common location for an RMS to develop but varies greatly in symptomology and survival depending on the organ of origin. As the clinical understanding of these tumors advances, treatment paradigms have evolved. Herein, we describe the breadth of presentations for genitourinary RMSs with diagnostic and treatment management considerations, incorporating the most recently available guidelines and societal consensus recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Castle
- Department of Surgery, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Brittany E. Levy
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Derek B. Allison
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Urology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - David A. Rodeberg
- Department of Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Eric J. Rellinger
- Department of Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bryan AF, Wang J, Howard GC, Guarnaccia AD, Woodley CM, Aho ER, Rellinger EJ, Matlock BK, Flaherty DK, Lorey SL, Chung DH, Fesik SW, Liu Q, Weissmiller AM, Tansey WP. WDR5 is a conserved regulator of protein synthesis gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:2924-2941. [PMID: 31996893 PMCID: PMC7102967 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
WDR5 is a highly-conserved nuclear protein that performs multiple scaffolding functions in the context of chromatin. WDR5 is also a promising target for pharmacological inhibition in cancer, with small molecule inhibitors of an arginine-binding pocket of WDR5 (the 'WIN' site) showing efficacy against a range of cancer cell lines in vitro. Efforts to understand WDR5, or establish the mechanism of action of WIN site inhibitors, however, are stymied by its many functions in the nucleus, and a lack of knowledge of the conserved gene networks-if any-that are under its control. Here, we have performed comparative genomic analyses to identify the conserved sites of WDR5 binding to chromatin, and the conserved genes regulated by WDR5, across a diverse panel of cancer cell lines. We show that a specific cohort of protein synthesis genes (PSGs) are invariantly bound by WDR5, demonstrate that the WIN site anchors WDR5 to chromatin at these sites, and establish that PSGs are bona fide, acute, and persistent targets of WIN site blockade. Together, these data reveal that WDR5 plays a predominant transcriptional role in biomass accumulation and provide further evidence that WIN site inhibitors act to repress gene networks linked to protein synthesis homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audra F Bryan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Gregory C Howard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Alissa D Guarnaccia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Chase M Woodley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Erin R Aho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Eric J Rellinger
- Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Brittany K Matlock
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - David K Flaherty
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Shelly L Lorey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Stephen W Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - April M Weissmiller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - William P Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiao J, Rellinger EJ, Kim KW, Powers CM, Lee S, Correa H, Chung DH. Identification of α-N-catenin as a novel tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5028-5040. [PMID: 31489113 PMCID: PMC6707940 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lost expression of α-catenin has been found in cancers, and reinstalling α-catenin inhibits tumor growth. Here we hypothesized that the α-N-catenin, a homologous member of α-catenin and neural-specific expressed, functions as a novel tumor suppressor in neural crest-derived tumor, neuroblastoma. We correlated CTNNA2 (encodes α-N-catenin) expression to neuroblastoma disease relapse-free survival probability using publicly accessible human neuroblastoma datasets in R2 platform. The result showed that it negatively correlated to relapse-free survival probability significantly in patients with neuroblastoma with non-MYCN amplified tumor. Conversely, overexpressing CTNNA2 suppressed the neuroblastoma cell proliferation as measuring by the clonogenesis, inhibited anchorage-independent growth with soft agar colony formation assay. Forced expression of CTNNA2 decreased cell migration and invasion. Further, overexpression of CTNNA2 reduced the secretion of angiogenic factor IL-8 and HUVEC tubule formation. Our results show, for the first time, that α-N-catenin is a tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma cells. These findings were further corroborated with in vivo tumor xenograft study, in which α-N-catenin inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor blood vessel formation. Interestingly, this is only observed in SK-N-AS xenografts lacking MYCN expression, and not in BE(2)-C xenografts with MYCN amplification. Mechanistically, α-N-catenin attenuated NF-κB responsive genes by inhibiting NF-κB transcriptional activity. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that α-N-catenin is a tumor suppressor in non-MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas and it inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress tumor growth in human neuroblastomas. Therefore, restoring the expression of α-N-catenin can be a novel therapeutic approach for neuroblastoma patients who have the deletion of CTNNA2 and lack of MYCN amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric J Rellinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kwang Woon Kim
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Camille M Powers
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sora Lee
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hernan Correa
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song HY, Rellinger EJ, Park SH, Paul P, Qiao J, Vasilopoulos A, Ozden O, Gius D, Chung DH. Inhibition of Sirtuin 6 Induces Neuroblastoma Differentiation. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:647-654. [PMID: 29374686 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Sirtuins (SIRTs) play crucial roles in various signaling pathways that modulate differentiation and proliferation. We sought to elucidate the role of SIRTs in differentiation and proliferation of human neuroblastoma (NB). MATERIALS AND METHODS NB cells were treated with nicotinamide (NAM), a non-specific SIRT inhibitor, SIRT-targeted short hairpin RNAs, and retinoic acid to assess cell growth and differentiation. RESULTS SIRTs are involved in proliferation and differentiation using NAM in BE(2)-C cells. Specifically, SIRT6 knockdown in BE(2)-C cells reduced cell proliferation, induced neurite extension, corresponding with induction of p21CIP1 expression and G1 cell-cycle arrest. These effects were rescued by forced re-overexpression of SIRT6. SIRT6 expression was reduced in differentiated human NB sections, and RA-induced differentiation in BE(2)-C cells. CONCLUSION SIRTs have important oncogenic properties in NB beyond its established functions in aging and genome stability. SIRT6 may represent a novel target for developing future therapeutics for the treatment of aggressive NBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Yong Song
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Eric J Rellinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, U.S.A
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Pritha Paul
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, U.S.A
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, U.S.A
| | - Athanasios Vasilopoulos
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Ozkan Ozden
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - David Gius
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, U.S.A. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rellinger EJ, Padmanabhan C, Qiao J, Craig BT, An H, Zhu J, Correa H, Waterson AG, Lindsley CW, Beauchamp RD, Chung DH. Isoxazole compound ML327 blocks MYC expression and tumor formation in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91040-91051. [PMID: 29207623 PMCID: PMC5710904 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastomas are the most common extracranial solid tumors in children and arise from the embryonic neural crest. MYCN-amplification is a feature of ∼30% of neuroblastoma tumors and portends a poor prognosis. Neural crest precursors undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to gain migratory potential and populate the sympathoadrenal axis. Neuroblastomas are posited to arise due to a blockade of neural crest differentiation. We have recently reported effects of a novel MET inducing compound ML327 (N-(3-(2-hydroxynicotinamido) propyl)-5-phenylisoxazole-3-carboxamide) in colon cancer cells. Herein, we hypothesized that forced epithelial differentiation using ML327 would promote neuroblastoma differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate that ML327 in neuroblastoma cells induces a gene signature consistent with both epithelial and neuronal differentiation features with adaptation of an elongated phenotype. These features accompany induction of cell death and G1 cell cycle arrest with blockage of anchorage-independent growth and neurosphere formation. Furthermore, pretreatment with ML327 results in persistent defects in proliferative potential and tumor-initiating capacity, validating the pro-differentiating effects of our compound. Intriguingly, we have identified destabilization of MYC signaling as an early and consistent feature of ML327 treatment that is observed in both MYCN-amplified and MYCN-single copy neuroblastoma cell lines. Moreover, ML327 blocked MYCN mRNA levels and tumor progression in established MYCN-amplified xenografts. As such, ML327 may have potential efficacy, alone or in conjunction with existing therapeutic strategies against neuroblastoma. Future identification of the specific intracellular target of ML327 may inform future drug discovery efforts and enhance our understanding of MYC regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Rellinger
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Padmanabhan
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - Brian T. Craig
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - Hanbing An
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - Jing Zhu
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - Hernán Correa
- Department of Pathology, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - Alex G. Waterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - R. Daniel Beauchamp
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - Dai H. Chung
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37232, Nashville, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rellinger EJ, Padmanabhan C, Qiao J, An H, Waterson AG, Lindsley CW, Beauchamp DR, Chung DH. Isoxazole-Based Small Molecule Induces Apoptosis and Sensitizes Ewing Sarcoma Cells to Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand. J Am Coll Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.07.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Rellinger EJ, Speck KE. Acute Right Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain. JAMA Surg 2017; 152:974-975. [PMID: 28793139 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Rellinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - K Elizabeth Speck
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paul P, Rellinger EJ, Qiao J, Lee S, Volny N, Padmanabhan C, Romain CV, Mobley B, Correa H, Chung DH. Elevated TIMP-1 expression is associated with a prometastatic phenotype, disease relapse, and poor survival in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82609-82620. [PMID: 29137288 PMCID: PMC5669914 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately two-thirds of patients with neuroblastoma are found to have metastatic disease at time of diagnosis with frequent skeletal, lymph node, central nervous system, and liver involvement. Using a serial in vivo splenic injection model, we have isolated an aggressive subclone (BE(2)-C/LM2) from MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas that demonstrate an enhanced propensity to develop metastatic liver lesions. BE(2)-C/LM2 subclone cells demonstrate increased adherent, soft agar colony and tumorsphere growth in vitro. Components of the tumor microenvironment regulate cancer progression, via networks of cytokines and growth factors. Cytokine array analysis identified increased TIMP-1 in the plasma of mice injected with BE(2)-C/LM2 subclone cells, leading us to hypothesize that TIMP-1 may play a role in our observed prometastatic phenotype. Immunoblotting and ELISA demonstrated enhanced endogenous TIMP-1 expression in our isolated neuroblastoma subclone. Silencing endogenous TIMP-1 successfully blocked in vitro proliferation, soft agar colony formation and tumorsphere formation by BE(2)-C/LM2 cells. Stable RNA interference of endogenous TIMP-1 failed to reverse the prometastatic phenotype of our BE(2)-C/LM2 subclone in our liver metastasis model, suggesting that endogenous TIMP-1 levels may not be an essential component of this in vivo behavior. Notably, tissue microarray analysis and Kaplan-Meier by gene expression demonstrates that elevated TIMP-1 expression is correlated with increased disease relapse and mortality in patients with neuroblastoma. Taken together, our study identifies TIMP-1 as a novel soluble factor that is associated with a prometastatic phenotype in our in vivo model and adverse outcomes in patients with neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Paul
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eric J Rellinger
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sora Lee
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Natasha Volny
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Padmanabhan
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carmelle V Romain
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bret Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hernan Correa
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dai H Chung
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Padmanabhan C, Rellinger EJ, Zhu J, An H, Woodbury LG, Chung DH, Waterson AG, Lindsley CW, Means AL, Beauchamp RD. cFLIP critically modulates apoptotic resistance in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101072-101086. [PMID: 29254146 PMCID: PMC5731856 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cancers (carcinomas) comprise the top four causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States. While overall survival has been steadily improving, therapy-resistant disease continues to present a major therapeutic challenge. Carcinomas often exploit the normal developmental program, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), to gain a mesenchymal phenotype associated with increased invasiveness and resistance to apoptosis. We have previously shown that an isoxazole-based small molecule, ML327, partially reverses TGF-β-induced EMT in an immortalized mouse mammary epithelial cell line. Herein, we demonstrate that ML327 reverses much of the EMT gene expression program in cultured carcinoma cell lines. The reversal of EMT sensitizes these cancer cells to the apoptosis-inducing ligand TRAIL. This sensitization is independent of E-cadherin expression and rather relies on the downregulation of a major anti-apoptotic protein, cFLIPS. Loss of cFLIPS is sufficient to overcome resistance to TRAIL and exogenous overexpression of cFLIPS restores resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis despite EMT reversal with ML327. In summary, we have utilized an isoxazole-based small molecule that partially reverses EMT in carcinoma cells to demonstrate that cFLIPS critically regulates the apoptosis resistance phenotype associated with EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekhar Padmanabhan
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eric J Rellinger
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jing Zhu
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA
| | - Hanbing An
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA
| | - Luke G Woodbury
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dai H Chung
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN 37232, USA
| | - Alex G Waterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, 37232, USA
| | - Anna L Means
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA
| | - R Daniel Beauchamp
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, 37232, USA.,The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rellinger EJ, Padmanabhan C, Qiao J, Appert A, Waterson AG, Lindsley CW, Beauchamp RD, Chung DH. ML327 induces apoptosis and sensitizes Ewing sarcoma cells to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:463-468. [PMID: 28716733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcomas are rare mesenchymal-derived bone and soft tissue tumors in children. Afflicted children with distant metastases have poor survival despite aggressive therapeutics. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in epithelial carcinomas is associated with loss of E-cadherin and resistance to apoptosis. ML327 is a novel small molecule that we have previously shown to reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition features in both epithelial and neural crest-derived cancers. Herein, we sought to evaluate the effects of ML327 on mesenchymal-derived Ewing sarcoma cells, hypothesizing that ML327 initiates growth arrest and sensitizes to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. ML327 induced protein expression changes, increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin, consistent with partial induction of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in multiple Ewing Sarcoma cell lines (SK-N-MC, TC71, and ES-5838). Induction of epithelial features was associated with apoptosis, as demonstrated by PARP and Caspase 3 cleavage by immunoblotting. Cell cycle analysis validated these findings by marked induction of the subG0 cell population. In vitro combination treatment with TRAIL demonstrated additive induction of apoptotic markers. Taken together, these findings establish a rationale for further in vivo trials of ML327 in cells of mesenchymal origin both alone and in combination with TRAIL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Rellinger
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, United States; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | | | - Jingbo Qiao
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, United States; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Andrew Appert
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Alex G Waterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, United States
| | - R Daniel Beauchamp
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, United States; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, United States
| | - Dai H Chung
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, United States; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Although currently available data are variable, it appears that the incidence of surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has not decreased significantly over the past decade. Pneumoperitoneum and clinical deterioration despite maximal medical therapy remain the most common indications for operative treatment. Robust studies linking outcomes with specific indications for operation are lacking. Promising biomarkers for severe NEC include fecal calprotectin and S100A12; serum fatty acid-binding protein; and urine biomarkers. Recent advances in ultrasonography make this imaging modality more useful in identifying surgical NEC and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is being actively studied. Another fairly recent finding is that regionalization of care for infants with NEC likely improves outcomes. The neurodevelopmental outcomes after surgical treatment are known to be poor. A randomized trial near completion will provide robust data regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes after laparotomy versus drainage as the initial operative treatment for severe NEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R. Robinson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Eric J. Rellinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - L. Dupree Hatch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Joern-Hendrik Weitkamp
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - K. Elizabeth Speck
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Melissa Danko
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Martin L. Blakely
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Correspondence to: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children’s Way, Suite 7100, Nashville, TN 37232-2730. (M.L. Blakely)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Corbitt N, Rellinger EJ, Hernanz-Schulman M, Chung DH. Accessory hepatic lobes in the pediatric population: A report of three cases of torsion and literature review. Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
13
|
Rellinger EJ, Padmanabhan C, Craig BT, An H, Qiao J, Waterson AG, Lindsley CW, Beauchamp DR, Chung DH. ML327 Blocks N-MYC Expression and Tumor Formation in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastomas. J Am Coll Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
Craig BT, Rellinger EJ, Guo Y, Qiao J, Chung DH. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 is a Novel Regulator of the Stem Cell-Like Phenotype in Neuroblastoma. J Am Coll Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.06.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Rellinger EJ, Craig BT, Craig-Owens LD, Pacheco MC, Chung DH, Danko ME. Clostridium sordellii necrotizing omphalitis: A case report and literature review. Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
16
|
Craig BT, Rellinger EJ, Alvarez AL, Dusek HL, Qiao J, Chung DH. Induced differentiation inhibits sphere formation in neuroblastoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:255-9. [PMID: 27297102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma arises from the neural crest, the precursor cells of the sympathoadrenal axis, and differentiation status is a key prognostic factor used for clinical risk group stratification and treatment strategies. Neuroblastoma tumor-initiating cells have been successfully isolated from patient tumor samples and bone marrow using sphere culture, which is well established to promote growth of neural crest stem cells. However, accurate quantification of sphere-forming frequency of commonly used neuroblastoma cell lines has not been reported. Here, we show that MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines form spheres more frequently than non-MYCN-amplified cell lines. We also show that sphere formation is directly sensitive to cellular differentiation status. 13-cis-retinoic acid is a clinically used differentiating agent that induces a neuronal phenotype in neuroblastoma cells. Induced differentiation nearly completely blocked sphere formation. Furthermore, sphere formation was specifically FGF-responsive and did not respond to increasing doses of EGF. Taken together, these data suggest that sphere formation is an accurate method of quantifying the stemness phenotype in neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Craig
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric J Rellinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexandra L Alvarez
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Haley L Dusek
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Craig BT, Rellinger EJ, Mettler BA, Watkins S, Donahue BS, Chung DH. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51:76-80. [PMID: 26572850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) experience a higher risk for complications from gastroesophageal reflux, prompting frequent need for fundoplication. Patients between stage I and II palliation ("interstage") are at particularly high operative risk because of the parallel nature of their pulmonary and systemic blood flow. Laparoscopic approach for fundoplication is common for pediatric patients. However, its safety in interstage HLHS is relatively unknown. We examined the perioperative physiologic burden of a laparoscopic fundoplication in HLHS patients. METHODS All patients who underwent open or laparoscopic fundoplication during the interstage period at our institution since 2006 were reviewed. Perioperative physiologic data, echocardiographic findings, survival, and complications were collected from the anesthetic record and patient chart. RESULTS Nineteen patients with HLHS had laparoscopic fundoplication, 13 (68%) during the interstage period, compared to 64 performed by the open approach. Ten (77%) of 13 interstage patients had perioperative hemodynamic instability. Incidence of instability between open and laparoscopic groups was not different. One laparoscopic patient required ECMO support for shunt thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS Despite a high incidence of hemodynamic instability, overall outcomes are consistent with those reported in the literature for this high-risk patient population. Laparoscopic approach for fundoplication during the interstage period appears to be a relatively safe option for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Craig
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric J Rellinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bret A Mettler
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott Watkins
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brian S Donahue
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rellinger EJ, Craig BT, Qiao J, Kim KW, Chung DH. NADPH oxidases modulate redox-sensitive signaling pathways in neuroblastoma. J Am Coll Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.08.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Lee S, Rellinger EJ, Kim KW, Craig BT, Romain CV, Qiao J, Chung DH. Bromodomain and extraterminal inhibition blocks tumor progression and promotes differentiation in neuroblastoma. Surgery 2015; 158:819-26. [PMID: 26067464 PMCID: PMC4536146 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYCN amplification is a key molecular hallmark of high-risk neuroblastoma. Previously considered an "undruggable" target, MYCN transcription can be disrupted by inhibiting the bromodomain and the extraterminal (BET) domain family of proteins that regulates MYCN transcription epigenetically. JQ1 is a potent, small-molecule BET inhibitor that induces cell-cycle arrest and initiates apoptosis in neuroblastoma. Here, we sought to validate the antitumorigenic effects of JQ1 in neuroblastoma and to evaluate whether blocking N-myc expression with JQ1 promotes neural differentiation. METHODS We determined the effects in vitro of JQ1 treatment on human neuroblastoma cell growth in both monolayer and sphere-forming conditions. Subcutaneous neuroblastoma xenografts were used for an in vivo study. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the effects on neural differentiation and stem cell markers. RESULTS JQ1 treatment blocked neuroblastoma cell growth in both monolayer and sphere-forming conditions; JQ1 also attenuated the growth of neuroblastoma xenograft in athymic nude mice. Neurofilament expression was enhanced with JQ1 treatment, indicating that JQ1 induces neuronal differentiation. Sphere forming conditions resulted in increased expression of multiple stem cell markers; these effects were reversed with JQ1 treatment. CONCLUSION BET inhibition attenuates progression and promotes neural differentiation of neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo in mice, providing insight into potential clinical applications of BET inhibitors in the treatment of patients with neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sora Lee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Eric J Rellinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kwang Woon Kim
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Brian T Craig
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Carmelle V Romain
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu Y, Paul P, Lee S, Craig BT, Rellinger EJ, Qiao J, Gius DR, Chung DH. Antioxidant inhibition of steady-state reactive oxygen species and cell growth in neuroblastoma. Surgery 2015; 158:827-36. [PMID: 26088922 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to adult tumorigenesis; however, their roles in pediatric solid tumors are unknown. Here, we sought to define the steady-state ROS levels in neuroblastoma and to examine whether aggressive cellular behavior, which may predict treatment failure, is regulated by ROS. METHODS Neuroblastoma sections were assessed for 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of intracellular lipid peroxidation and a byproduct of increased levels of ROS. Human neuroblastoma cell lines, MYCN-amplified BE(2)-C and MYCN-nonamplified SK-N-SH, were examined in our study. Superoxide and hydroperoxide oxidation products were detected by staining for dihydroethidium (DHE) and 5, 6-carboxy-2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CDCFH2), using the oxidation-insensitive analog CDCF as a negative control. Cells were treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 10 mmol/L) daily for 5 days and analyzed. RESULTS Greater expression of 4-HNE was observed in undifferentiated tumor sections as compared with the more differentiated tumors. Interestingly, increased levels of ROS were detected in MYCN-amplified BE(2)-C cells. Moreover, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-induced ROS production stimulated upregulation of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway and an increase in cell growth. Antioxidant NAC decreased HIF-1α/VEGF expression and inhibited BE(2)-C cell growth. CONCLUSION We report a novel observation that shifting the redox balance toward greater ROS levels results in a more aggressive neuroblastoma phenotype. Our data suggest that ROS play a critical role in refractory neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Pritha Paul
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sora Lee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Brian T Craig
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Eric J Rellinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David R Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Osgood MJ, Heck JM, Rellinger EJ, Garrard CL, Naslund TC. PC10. Selective Nonoperative and Delayed Operative Approaches for the Management of Grade III Blunt Traumatic Aortic Injury. J Vasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.04.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Rellinger EJ, Romain C, Choi S, Qiao J, Chung DH. Silencing gastrin-releasing peptide receptor suppresses key regulators of aerobic glycolysis in neuroblastoma cells. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:581-6. [PMID: 25630799 PMCID: PMC4339541 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under normoxic conditions, cancer cells use aerobic glycolysis as opposed to glucose oxidation for energy production; this altered metabolism correlates with poor outcomes in neuroblastoma. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) regulate aerobic glycolysis, while pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 2 (PDP2) promotes glucose oxidation. Here, we sought to determine whether gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) signaling regulates glucose metabolism. PROCEDURE Neuroblastoma cell lines, BE(2)-C and SK-N-AS, were used. PCR microararay for glucose metabolism was performed on GRP-R silenced cells. Target protein expression was validated using Western blotting and VEGF ELISA. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ) was used to induce chemical hypoxia. Efficacy of targeting PDK regulation in neuroblastoma was assessed using dichloroacetate (DCA) by conducting cell viability assays and Western blotting for apoptotic markers. RESULTS Silencing GRP-R decreased HIF-1α expression and blocked VEGF expression and secretion in both normoxic and CoCl2 induced hypoxia. PCR array analysis identified that GRP-R silencing reduced PDK4 and increased PDP2 mRNA expression. These findings were validated by Western blotting. CoCl2 induced hypoxia increased VEGF secretion, HIF-1α, and PDK4 expression. PDK4 silencing decreased HIF-1α expression and VEGF expression and secretion. DCA treatment decreased BE(2)-C and SK-N-AS proliferation while promoting cell death. GRP-R silencing and DCA treatment synergistically halted BE(2)-C proliferation. CONCLUSIONS We report that GRP-R regulates glucose metabolism in neuroblastoma by modulating HIF-1α, PDK4 and PDP2. PDK4 regulates glucose metabolism, in part, via regulation of HIF-1α. Synergistic consequences of GRP-R inhibition and DCA treatment may suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of aggressive neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Rellinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Carmelle Romain
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - SunPhil Choi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dai H. Chung
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Osgood MJ, Heck JM, Rellinger EJ, Doran SL, Garrard CL, Guzman RJ, Naslund TC, Dattilo JB. Natural history of grade I-II blunt traumatic aortic injury. J Vasc Surg 2013; 59:334-41. [PMID: 24342065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endovascular aortic repair has revolutionized the management of traumatic blunt aortic injury (BAI). However, debate continues about the extent of injury requiring endovascular repair, particularly with regard to minimal aortic injury. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective observational analysis of our experience with these patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all BAI presenting to an academic level I trauma center over a 10-year period (2000-2010). Images were reviewed by a radiologist and graded according to Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines (grade I-IV). Demographics, injury severity, and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS We identified 204 patients with BAI of the thoracic or abdominal aorta. Of these, 155 were deemed operative injuries at presentation, had grade III-IV injuries or aortic dissection, and were excluded from this analysis. The remaining 49 patients had 50 grade I-II injuries. We managed 46 grade I injuries (intimal tear or flap, 95%), and four grade II injuries (intramural hematoma, 5%) nonoperatively. Of these, 41 patients had follow-up imaging at a mean of 86 days postinjury and constitute our study cohort. Mean age was 41 years, and mean length of stay was 14 days. The majority (48 of 50, 96%) were thoracic aortic injuries and the remaining two (4%) were abdominal. On follow-up imaging, 23 of 43 (55%) had complete resolution of injury, 17 (40%) had no change in aortic injury, and two (5%) had progression of injury. Of the two patients with progression, one progressed from grade I to grade II and the other progressed from grade I to grade III (pseudoaneurysm). Mean time to progression was 16 days. Neither of the patients with injury progression required operative intervention or died during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Injury progression in grade I-II BAI is rare (~5%) and did not cause death in our study cohort. Given that progression to grade III injury is possible, follow-up with repeat aortic imaging is reasonable.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aneurysm, False/etiology
- Aneurysm, False/therapy
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/injuries
- Aorta, Abdominal/surgery
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/injuries
- Aorta, Thoracic/surgery
- Aortic Aneurysm/etiology
- Aortic Aneurysm/therapy
- Aortography/methods
- Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use
- Disease Progression
- Endovascular Procedures
- Female
- Humans
- Injury Severity Score
- Length of Stay
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Tomography, Spiral Computed
- Trauma Centers
- Treatment Outcome
- Vascular System Injuries/diagnosis
- Vascular System Injuries/mortality
- Vascular System Injuries/therapy
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnosis
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating/mortality
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating/therapy
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Osgood
- Department of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn.
| | - Josh M Heck
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Eric J Rellinger
- Department of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Stacey L Doran
- Department of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - C Louis Garrard
- Department of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Raul J Guzman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass
| | - Thomas C Naslund
- Department of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Jeffery B Dattilo
- Department of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ni TT, Rellinger EJ, Mukherjee A, Stephens L, Thorne CA, Kim K, Hu J, Xie S, Lee E, Marnett L, Hatzopoulos AK, Zhong TP. Discovering small molecules that promote cardiomyocyte generation by modulating Wnt signaling. Chem Biol 2011; 18:1658-68. [PMID: 22195568 PMCID: PMC3645312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a robust in vivo small-molecule screen that modulates heart size and cardiomyocyte generation in zebrafish. Three structurally related compounds (Cardionogen-1 to Cardionogen-3) identified from our screen enlarge the size of the developing heart via myocardial hyperplasia. Increased cardiomyocyte number in Cardionogen-treated embryos is due to expansion of cardiac progenitor cells. In zebrafish embryos and murine embryonic stem (ES) cells, Cardionogen treatment promotes cardiogenesis during and after gastrulation, whereas it inhibits heart formation before gastrulation. Cardionogen-induced effects can be antagonized by increasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. We demonstrate that Cardionogen inhibits Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcription in murine ES cells and zebrafish embryos. Cardionogen can rescue Wnt8-induced cardiomyocyte deficiency and heart-specific phenotypes during development. These findings demonstrate that in vivo small-molecule screens targeting heart size can reveal compounds with cardiomyogenic effects and identify underlying target pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terri T. Ni
- State Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043, China
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Eric J. Rellinger
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Amrita Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Lauren Stephens
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Cutris A Thorne
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Kwangho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Jiangyong Hu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Shuying Xie
- State Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043, China
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Larry Marnett
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Antonis K. Hatzopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Tao P. Zhong
- State Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043, China
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yoder JA, Benoit JB, Rellinger EJ, Tank JL. Developmental profiles in tick water balance with a focus on the new Rocky Mountain spotted fever vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Med Vet Entomol 2006; 20:365-72. [PMID: 17199747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2006.00642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that the common brown dog tick, or kennel tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Acari: Ixodidae) is a competent vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the U.S.A. This tick is of concern to public health because of its high frequency of contact, as it has a unique ability to thrive within human homes. To assess the moisture requirements necessary for survival, water balance characteristics were determined for each developmental stage, from egg to adult. This is the first time that water relations in ticks have been assessed throughout the complete lifecycle. Notably, R. sanguineus is differentially adapted for life in a dry environment, as characterized by a suppressed water loss rate distinctive for each stage that distinguishes it from other ticks. Analysis of its dehydration tolerance limit and percentage body water content provides no evidence to suggest that the various stages of this tick can function more effectively containing less water, indicating that this species is modified for water conservation, not desiccation hardiness. All stages, eggs excepted, absorb water vapour from the air and can drink free water to replenish water stores. Developmentally, a shift in water balance strategies occurs in the transition from the larva, where the emphasis is on water gain (water vapour absorption from drier air), to the adult, where the emphasis is on water retention (low water loss rate). These results on the xerophilic-nature of R. sanguineus identify overhydration as the primary water stress, indicating that this tick is less dependent upon a moisture-rich habitat for survival, which matches its preference for a dry environment. We suggest that the controlled, host-confined conditions of homes and kennels have played a key role in promoting the ubiquitous distribution of R. sanguineus by creating isolated arid environments that enable this tick to establish within regions that are unfavourable for maintaining water balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Yoder
- Department of Biology, Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio 45501, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yoder JA, Tank JL, Rellinger EJ. Evidence of a maternal effect that protects against water stress in larvae of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). J Insect Physiol 2006; 52:1034-42. [PMID: 16956619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report that the ability to absorb water vapor from the air in larvae of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, changes depending upon moisture conditions where the eggs develop. When development occurs at lower relative humidities, resultant larvae can replenish water stores, maintain water balance, and survive at relative humidities as low as 75-85% RH, a range that agrees with previously published values for the critical equilibrium humidity or CEH. In contrast, exposure to high relative humidity conditions during development elevates the CEH to 93-97% RH. These larvae can survive only at relative humidities that are close to saturation, as 93% RH is a dehydrating atmosphere. For these larvae, absorption at 97% RH can be prevented by blocking the mouthparts with wax, indicating that an upward shift has occurred in the moisture threshold where the active mechanism for water vapor absorption operates. Based on transfer experiments between low and high relative humidities, the CEH of larvae is determined by the relative humidity experienced by the mother rather than the moisture conditions encountered by eggs after they are laid. The fact that no changes in body water content, dehydration tolerance limit and water loss rate were observed implies that adjustments to the CEH conferred by the mother have the adaptive significance of enabling larvae to maintain water balance by limiting the range of hydrating atmospheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Yoder
- Department of Biology, Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH 45501, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yoder JA, Benoit JB, Rellinger EJ, Ark JT. Critical transition temperature and activation energy with implications for arthropod cuticular permeability. J Insect Physiol 2005; 51:1063-5. [PMID: 16216261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
|
28
|
Yoder JA, Benoit JB, Rellinger EJ, Telford SR. Failure of ticks to transmit Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Deuteromycota), a common filamentous fungal commensal of ticks. J Med Entomol 2005; 42:383-7. [PMID: 15962791 DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/42.3.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of ticks to transmit a fungus was examined by analyzing tick saliva, host tissue from feeding sites, and host blood for presence of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.) Bainier, an internal mycosymbiont of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and lone star tick, Amnblyomma americanum (L.). Although >85% of ticks were infected with S. brevicaulis, conidia presence was low (0-5% of samples) in microscopic observations and mycological culturing of saliva expressed from larvae, nymphs, and adults. Additionally, the recovery of S. brevicaulis from blood and tissue feeding sites from a rabbit where S. brevicaulis-positive adult ticks had attached and fed was not increased compared with control tissue where no feeding occurred, indicating that transmission does not occur by the blood-feeding route. Tick mouthparts were found to contain S. brevicaulis in addition to Penicillium glabrum (Wehmer) Westling, but these agents were sparse in isolations from the feeding sites, which makes it unlikely that ticks act frequently as a mechanical fungal vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Yoder
- Department of Biology, Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH 45501, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Benoit JB, Yoder JA, Rellinger EJ, Ark JT, Keeney GD. Prolonged maintenance of water balance by adult females of the American spider beetle, Mezium affine Boieldieu, in the absence of food and water resources. J Insect Physiol 2005; 51:565-73. [PMID: 15894003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Moisture requirements were evaluated for female adults of spider beetles Mezium affine Boieldieu and Gibbium aequinoctiale Boieldieu to determine how they are differentially adapted for life in a dry environment. Features showing extreme desiccation resistance of M. affine were an impermeable cuticle wherein activation energies (43kJ/mol) were suppressed, daily water losses as little as 0.3%/day with an associated group effect, a low 64% water content and an impressive ability to survive nearly 3 months with no food and water. Behaviorally, the extended period of water stress and fasting was marked by long intervals of physical inactivity (quiescence), as though dead. These characteristics emphasizing water retention rather than gain are shared by G. aequinoctiale and reflect a typical xerophilic water balance profile. Water uptake was restricted to imbibing liquid, as evidenced by uptake of dye-stained droplets of free water and a critical equilibrium activity of 1.00a(v), where the inability to absorb water vapor from the air fails to equilibrate declining water levels (gain not equal to loss) except at saturation. Four-fold reduction in survival time within dry air and accelerated water loss rates with high activation energies for female adults of the closely related winged Prostephanus truncatus (Say) suggest that the enhanced water conservation of spider beetles is due, in part, to fusion of their elytra supplemented by entering into quiescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biology, Wittenberg University, Ward Street at North Wittenberg Avenue, Springfield, OH 45501, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|