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Quarmby LM, Hotton M, Jenner S, Kalthoff J, Patterson E, Scholcz A, Springham E. Psychological support during a pandemic: an intervention for hospital teams. Occup Med (Lond) 2024; 74:208-210. [PMID: 37941463 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic placed unprecedented stress on healthcare professionals and resulted in teams being scattered by shielding, working from home and redeployment. The Recovery, Readjustment and Reintegration programme (R3P) was implemented and evaluated in an acute NHS hospital Trust with the aim of supporting those staff involved. AIMS To explore the impact of offering themed reflective sessions to staff in an acute hospital and to disseminate this learning for application in other settings and future pandemics. METHODS During the initial recovery phase of the pandemic, all Trust staff were invited to attend an R3P where themed discussions were facilitated by psychologists. Feedback was requested pre- and post-session, and a mixed-methods design was followed to gain quantitative and qualitative information. RESULTS A total of 430 staff members attended an R3P between April 2021 and January 2022. A significant majority found attendance helpful and agreed that it had provided them with the opportunity to reflect on their own and their teams' experience of pandemic working and led them to feel more supported by their organization. CONCLUSIONS Finding meaning in experiences through facilitated reflective discussion can help limit the negative psychological impact of working in an acute hospital during a pandemic. Staff are likely to benefit from such opportunities in any future pandemic recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Quarmby
- Psychological Medicine Centre, Staff Support Service, Russell Cairns Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - M Hotton
- Psychological Medicine Centre, Staff Support Service, Russell Cairns Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - S Jenner
- Psychological Medicine Centre, Staff Support Service, Russell Cairns Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - J Kalthoff
- Psychological Medicine Centre, Staff Support Service, Russell Cairns Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - E Patterson
- Psychological Medicine Centre, Staff Support Service, Russell Cairns Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - A Scholcz
- Psychological Medicine Centre, Staff Support Service, Russell Cairns Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - E Springham
- Psychological Medicine Centre, Staff Support Service, Russell Cairns Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Posos-Parra O, Mota-Sanchez D, Pittendrigh BR, Wise JC, DiFonzo CD, Patterson E. Characterization of the inheritance of field-evolved resistance to diamides in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) population from Puerto Rico. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295928. [PMID: 38394153 PMCID: PMC10889863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the most destructive pests of corn. New infestations have been reported in the East Hemisphere, reaching India, China, Malaysia, and Australia, causing severe destruction to corn and other crops. In Puerto Rico, practical resistance to different mode of action compounds has been reported in cornfields. In this study, we characterized the inheritance of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide and identified the possible cross-resistance to cyantraniliprole and cyclaniliprole. The Puerto Rican (PR) strain showed high levels of resistance to flubendiamide (RR50 = 2,762-fold) and chlorantraniliprole (RR50 = 96-fold). The inheritance of resistance showed an autosomal inheritance for chlorantraniliprole and an X-linked inheritance for flubendiamide. The trend of the dominance of resistance demonstrated an incompletely recessive trait for H1 (♂ SUS × ♀ PR) × and an incompletely dominant trait for H2 (♀ SUS × ♂ PR) × for flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole. The PR strain showed no significant presence of detoxification enzymes (using synergists: PBO, DEF, DEM, and VER) to chlorantraniliprole; however, for flubendiamide the SR = 2.7 (DEM), SR = 3.2 (DEF) and SR = 7.6 (VER) indicated the role of esterases, glutathione S- transferases and ABC transporters in the metabolism of flubendiamide. The PR strain showed high and low cross-resistance to cyantraniliprole (74-fold) and cyclaniliprole (11-fold), respectively. Incomplete recessiveness might lead to the survival of heterozygous individuals when the decay of diamide residue occurs in plant tissues. These results highlight the importance of adopting diverse pest management strategies, including insecticide rotating to manage FAW populations in Puerto Rico and other continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Posos-Parra
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David Mota-Sanchez
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Barry R. Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John C. Wise
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christina D. DiFonzo
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Eric Patterson
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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Patterson E, Stokes P, Cutajar D, Rosenfeld A, Baines J, Metcalfe P, Powers M. High-resolution entry and exit surface dosimetry in a 1.5 T MR-linac. Phys Eng Sci Med 2023; 46:787-800. [PMID: 36988905 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic field of a transverse MR-linac alters electron trajectories as the photon beam transits through materials, causing lower doses at flat entry surfaces and increased doses at flat beam-exiting surfaces. This study investigated the response of a MOSFET detector, known as the MOSkin™, for high-resolution surface and near-surface percentage depth dose measurements on an Elekta Unity. Simulations with Geant4 and the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS), and EBT-3 film measurements, were also performed for comparison. Measured MOSkin™ entry surface doses, relative to Dmax, were (9.9 ± 0.2)%, (10.1 ± 0.3)%, (11.3 ± 0.6)%, (12.9 ± 1.0)%, and (13.4 ± 1.0)% for 1 × 1 cm2, 3 × 3 cm2, 5 × 5 cm2, 10 × 10 cm2, and 22 × 22 cm2 fields, respectively. For the investigated fields, the maximum percent differences of Geant4, TPS, and film doses extrapolated and interpolated to a depth suitable for skin dose assessment at the beam entry, relative to MOSkin™ measurements at an equivalent depth were 1.0%, 2.8%, and 14.3%, respectively, and at a WED of 199.67 mm at the beam exit, 3.2%, 3.7% and 5.7%, respectively. The largest measured increase in exit dose, due to the electron return effect, was 15.4% for the 10 × 10 cm2 field size using the MOSkin™ and 17.9% for the 22 × 22 cm2 field size, using Geant4 calculations. The results presented in the study validate the suitability of the MOSkin™ detector for transverse MR-linac surface dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Patterson
- Centre of Medical and Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - P Stokes
- Townsville Cancer Centre, Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - D Cutajar
- Centre of Medical and Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - A Rosenfeld
- Centre of Medical and Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - J Baines
- Townsville Cancer Centre, Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - P Metcalfe
- Centre of Medical and Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - M Powers
- Townsville Cancer Centre, Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Zhang C, Johnson NA, Hall N, Tian X, Yu Q, Patterson E. Subtelomeric 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) copy number variation confers glyphosate resistance in Eleusine indica. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2587355. [PMID: 36865158 PMCID: PMC9980225 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2587355/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Genomic structural variation (SV) can have profound effects on an organism’s evolution, often serving as a novel source of genetic variation. Gene copy number variation (CNV), a specific form of SV, has repeatedly been associated with adaptive evolution in eukaryotes, especially to biotic and abiotic stresses. Resistance to the most widely used herbicide, glyphosate, has evolved through target-site CNV in many weedy plant species, including the economically important cosmopolitan grass, Eleusine indica (goosegrass); however, the origin and mechanisms of these resistance CNVs remain elusive in many weed species due to limited genetic and genomics resources. In order to study the target site CNV in goosegrass, we generated high-quality reference genomes for both glyphosate-susceptible and -resistant individuals, fine assembled the duplication of glyphosate's target site gene enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), and revealed a novel rearrangement of EPSPS into the subtelomeric region of the chromosomes, ultimately leading to herbicide resistance evolution. This discovery adds to the limited knowledge of the importance of subtelomeres as rearrangement hotspots and novel variation generators as well as provides an example of yet another unique pathway for the formation of CNVs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Nicholas A. Johnson
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nathan Hall
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xingshan Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Australia
| | - Eric Patterson
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Brusa A, Patterson E, Fleming M. Modifications of Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) Genotyping for Detection of Rare Alleles. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2638:173-189. [PMID: 36781642 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3024-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
KASP is commonly used to genotype bi-allelic SNPs and In/Dels, and the standard protocol works well when both alleles are nearly equally prevalent in the DNA template. To detect rare alleles in bulked samples or to distinguish more than three genotypes, such as tri-allelic loci or mutations across orthologous genes in polyploids, adjustments to the protocol and/or data analysis are required. In this chapter, we present modified protocols for these non-traditional applications, including reaction conditions that enhance the fluorophore signal from rare alleles, resulting in increased KASP assay sensitivity. We also describe alternative KASP data analysis approaches that increase statistical certainty of genotyping calls. Furthermore, this increased assay sensitivity enables high-throughput genotyping using KASP, as samples can be pooled and tested in a single reaction. For example, rare alleles can be detected in mixed seed pools when present in ratios as low as 1 in 200. The assay modifications presented here expand the options available for complex genotyping, and retain KASP's advantages of being cheap, fast, and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Brusa
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Eric Patterson
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Margaret Fleming
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Chen J, Yu Q, Owen M, Han H, Patterson E, Sayer C, Powles S. Target-site resistance to trifluralin is more prevalent in annual ryegrass populations from Western Australia. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:1206-1212. [PMID: 34837476 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trifluralin is widely used in Australia as one of the important pre-emergence herbicides to control annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) populations. Trifluralin resistance evolution and mechanisms have been identified in some ryegrass populations. RESULTS In this study, 21 putative resistant field survey populations from Western Australian were screened with trifluralin, and 90% (19 of 21) contained individuals surviving 480 g ha-1 trifluralin treatment. Twelve populations contained individuals possessing the known α-tubulin resistance mutations at Val-202, Thr-239 and Arg-243 in TUA4 (alpha-tubulin 4 n), plus multiple potential resistance mutations in TUA4 pending genetic confirmation. Three populations had only individuals carrying newly identified (but uncharacterized) mutations in TUA3/TUA4. Radioactive work found that six populations evolved metabolic resistance to trifluralin, and at least four of them also possessed the known and/or putative target-site mutations. CONCLUSION These results confirm that a high incidence of resistance to the dinitroaniline herbicide (trifluralin) is present, and target-site tubulin mutations make a major contribution to resistance in these annual ryegrass populations. Co-evolution of both target-site and non-target-site resistance to per-emergence herbicides warrants diverse management tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI)-School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Australia
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI)-School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Australia
| | - Mechelle Owen
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI)-School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Australia
| | - Heping Han
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI)-School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Australia
| | - Eric Patterson
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Stephen Powles
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI)-School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Australia
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Chen J, Chu Z, Han H, Patterson E, Yu Q, Powles S. Diversity of α-tubulin transcripts in Lolium rigidum. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:970-977. [PMID: 32991064 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulin, the target site of dinitroaniline herbicides, is encoded by small gene families in plants. To better characterize the mechanisms of target-site resistance to dinitroaniline herbicides in the globally important weedy species Lolium rigidum, attempts were made to amplify and sequence α-tubulin transcripts. RESULTS Four α-tubulin isoforms (TUA1, TUA2, TUA3 and TUA4) were identified in L. rigidum. Variations in the number and sequence of transcripts encoding these α-tubulin proteins were found in individuals from the two L. rigidum populations examined. Within and among populations, differences in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of cDNA in TUA3 and TUA4 were identified. Furthermore, a novel double mutation, Arg-390-Cys+Asp-442-Glu, in the TUA3 transcript was identified and has the potential to confer dinitroaniline resistance. CONCLUSION This research reveals the complexity of the α-tubulin gene family in individuals/populations of the cross-pollinated weedy species L. rigidum, and highlights the need for better understanding of the molecular architecture of tubulin gene families for detecting resistance point mutations. Although TUA4 is a commonly expressed α-tubulin isoform containing most frequently reported resistance mutations, other mutant tubulin isoforms may also have a role in conferring dinitroaniline resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Chen
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Zhizhan Chu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heping Han
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eric Patterson
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Powles
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Chen J, Yu Q, Patterson E, Sayer C, Powles S. Dinitroaniline Herbicide Resistance and Mechanisms in Weeds. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:634018. [PMID: 33841462 PMCID: PMC8027333 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.634018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Dinitroanilines are microtubule inhibitors, targeting tubulin proteins in plants and protists. Dinitroaniline herbicides, such as trifluralin, pendimethalin and oryzalin, have been used as pre-emergence herbicides for weed control for decades. With widespread resistance to post-emergence herbicides in weeds, the use of pre-emergence herbicides such as dinitroanilines has increased, in part, due to relatively slow evolution of resistance in weeds to these herbicides. Target-site resistance (TSR) to dinitroaniline herbicides due to point mutations in α-tubulin genes has been confirmed in a few weedy plant species (e.g., Eleusine indica, Setaria viridis, and recently in Lolium rigidum). Of particular interest is the resistance mutation Arg-243-Met identified from dinitroaniline-resistant L. rigidum that causes helical growth when plants are homozygous for the mutation. The recessive nature of the TSR, plus possible fitness cost for some resistance mutations, likely slows resistance evolution. Furthermore, non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to dinitroanilines has been rarely reported and only confirmed in Lolium rigidum due to enhanced herbicide metabolism (metabolic resistance). A cytochrome P450 gene (CYP81A10) has been recently identified in L. rigidum that confers resistance to trifluralin. Moreover, TSR and NTSR have been shown to co-exist in the same weedy species, population, and plant. The implication of knowledge and information on TSR and NTSR in management of dinitroaniline resistance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Chen
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Qin Yu,
| | - Eric Patterson
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Chad Sayer
- Nufarm Limited, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Powles
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
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Montgomery JS, Giacomini D, Waithaka B, Lanz C, Murphy BP, Campe R, Lerchl J, Landes A, Gatzmann F, Janssen A, Antonise R, Patterson E, Weigel D, Tranel PJ. Draft Genomes of Amaranthus tuberculatus, Amaranthus hybridus, and Amaranthus palmeri. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1988-1993. [PMID: 32835372 PMCID: PMC7643611 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaranthus tuberculatus, Amaranthus hybridus, and Amaranthus palmeri are agronomically important weed species. Here, we present the most contiguous draft assemblies of these three species to date. We utilized a combination of Pacific Biosciences long-read sequencing and chromatin contact mapping information to assemble and order sequences of A. palmeri to near-chromosome-level resolution, with scaffold N50 of 20.1 Mb. To resolve the issues of heterozygosity and coassembly of alleles in diploid species, we adapted the trio binning approach to produce haplotype assemblies of A. tuberculatus and A. hybridus. This approach resulted in an improved assembly of A. tuberculatus, and the first genome assembly for A. hybridus, with contig N50s of 2.58 and 2.26 Mb, respectively. Species-specific transcriptomes and information from related species were used to predict transcripts within each assembly. Syntenic comparisons of these species and Amaranthus hypochondriacus identified sites of genomic rearrangement, including duplication and translocation, whereas genetic map construction within A. tuberculatus highlighted the need for further ordering of the A. hybridus and A. tuberculatus contigs. These multiple reference genomes will accelerate genomic studies in these species to further our understanding of weedy evolution within Amaranthus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bridgit Waithaka
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christa Lanz
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Brent P Murphy
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Patterson
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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Patterson E, Ryan PM, Wiley N, Carafa I, Sherwin E, Moloney G, Franciosi E, Mandal R, Wishart DS, Tuohy K, Ross RP, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Stanton C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid-producing lactobacilli positively affect metabolism and depressive-like behaviour in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16323. [PMID: 31704943 PMCID: PMC6841999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic and neuroactive metabolite production represents one of the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota can impact health. One such metabolite, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), can modulate glucose homeostasis and alter behavioural patterns in the host. We previously demonstrated that oral administration of GABA-producing Lactobacillus brevis DPC6108 has the potential to increase levels of circulating insulin in healthy rats. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of endogenous microbial GABA production in improving metabolic and behavioural outcomes in a mouse model of metabolic dysfunction. Diet-induced obese and metabolically dysfunctional mice received one of two GABA-producing strains, L. brevis DPC6108 or L. brevis DSM32386, daily for 12 weeks. After 8 and 10 weeks of intervention, the behavioural and metabolic profiles of the mice were respectively assessed. Intervention with both L. brevis strains attenuated several abnormalities associated with metabolic dysfunction, causing a reduction in the accumulation of mesenteric adipose tissue, increased insulin secretion following glucose challenge, improved plasma cholesterol clearance and reduced despair-like behaviour and basal corticosterone production during the forced swim test. Taken together, this exploratory dataset indicates that intervention with GABA-producing lactobacilli has the potential to improve metabolic and depressive- like behavioural abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Patterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - P M Ryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - N Wiley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - I Carafa
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - E Sherwin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - G Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Franciosi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - R Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - R P Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - T G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
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Patterson E, Jennings C, Mazzacano A, Naidoo S. Barriers and facilitators to integrating a lifestyle intervention into primary health care settings in Country SA. J Sci Med Sport 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jennings C, Patterson E, Mazzacano A, Naidoo S. Multi-site implementation and initial uptake of a physical activity and nutrition program in Country SA. J Sci Med Sport 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Edgar K, Gill E, Patterson E, Hargey C, Moez A, Grieve D. Adverse cardiac remodelling in experimental diabetes is regulated by endothelial Nox4 NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Nyberg G, Patterson E, Jonsson M, Hökby S. Elevhalsoportalen.se: How Swedish schools utilize a novel student health promotion webtool. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx189.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Nyberg
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community medicine (CES), Stockholm County Council (SLL), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Patterson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community medicine (CES), Stockholm County Council (SLL), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Jonsson
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, (CAMM), Stockholm County Council (SLL), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hökby
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, (CAMM), Stockholm County Council (SLL), Stockholm, Sweden
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Nolan JA, Skuse P, Govindarajan K, Patterson E, Konstantinidou N, Casey PG, MacSharry J, Shanahan F, Stanton C, Hill C, Cotter PD, Joyce SA, Gahan CGM. The influence of rosuvastatin on the gastrointestinal microbiota and host gene expression profiles. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G488-G497. [PMID: 28209601 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00149.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Statins are the most widely prescribed medications worldwide for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. They inhibit the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-R), an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis in higher organisms and in isoprenoid biosynthesis in some bacteria. We hypothesized that statins may influence the microbial community in the gut through either direct inhibition or indirect mechanisms involving alterations to host responses. We therefore examined the impact of rosuvastatin (RSV) on the community structure of the murine gastrointestinal microbiota. RSV was orally administered to mice and the effects on the gut microbiota, host bile acid profiles, and markers of inflammation were analyzed. RSV significantly influenced the microbial community in both the cecum and feces, causing a significant decrease in α-diversity in the cecum and resulting in a reduction of several physiologically relevant bacterial groups. RSV treatment of mice significantly affected bile acid metabolism and impacted expression of inflammatory markers known to influence microbial community structure (including RegIIIγ and Camp) in the gut. This study suggests that a commonly used statin (RSV) leads to an altered gut microbial composition in normal mice with attendant impacts on local gene expression profiles, a finding that should prompt further studies to investigate the implications of statins for gut microbiota stability and health in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work demonstrates that rosuvastatin administration in mice affects the gastrointestinal microbiota, influences bile acid metabolism, and alters transcription of genes encoding factors involved in gut homeostasis and immunity in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Nolan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P Skuse
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - K Govindarajan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Patterson
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - P G Casey
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J MacSharry
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and
| | - F Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Hill
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - S A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and
| | - C G M Gahan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; .,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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16
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Hoban AE, Moloney RD, Golubeva AV, McVey Neufeld KA, O'Sullivan O, Patterson E, Stanton C, Dinan TG, Clarke G, Cryan JF. Corrigendum to "Behavioural and neurochemical consequences of chronic gut microbiota depletion during adulthood in the rat" [Neuroscience 339 (2016) 463-477]. Neuroscience 2017; 344:418. [PMID: 28089601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A E Hoban
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - R D Moloney
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - A V Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - O O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Patterson
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - T G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - G Clarke
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - J F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland.
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17
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Hoban A, Moloney R, Golubeva A, McVey Neufeld K, O’Sullivan O, Patterson E, Stanton C, Dinan T, Clarke G, Cryan J. Behavioural and neurochemical consequences of chronic gut microbiota depletion during adulthood in the rat. Neuroscience 2016; 339:463-477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Adverse events, or accidents, in healthcare can have significant clinical outcomes including loss of property, health (morbidity), and life (mortality). Healthcare accidents have features that make post-event investigations particularly difficult. The investigation and analysis of medical accidents is intended to discover information that explains the nature and cause of what occurred in the interest of preventing or minimizing future loss. The thorough, objective investigation of medical adverse events rarely happens due to the complexity of the environment, litigation, risk, and socio-political implications. Special concerns can undermine investigation depth, breadth, and quality. Healthcare's distinct difference from other high hazard sectors such as aviation and nuclear power requires a unique approach. Healthcare accident examination requires detailed domain knowledge and the use of diverse investigation methods. This paper describes the current state of medical accident analysis, obstacles to understanding such accidents and strategies to overcome them, as well as future investigation and analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Nemeth
- Cognitive Technologies Laboratory, The University of Chicago
| | - R. I. Cook
- Cognitive Technologies Laboratory, The University of Chicago
| | | | - Y. Donchin
- Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem
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Patterson E, Elinder LS. A practical web-based tool helps Swedish schools improve their meal quality. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw171.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Elinder LS, Hakimi SN, Lager A, Patterson E. Increased type 2 diabetes risk in migrants to Sweden from Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw167.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Thummala AS, Leach JK, Patterson E, O'Rear EA. Effect of encapsulation on plasminogen activator delivery to the microcirculation and its implications for bleeding. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 63:373-379. [PMID: 26890102 DOI: 10.3233/ch-152030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is known that encapsulation can alter the delivery of plasminogen activators by flow to accelerate fibrinolysis while other experimental studies suggest encapsulation may reduce the risk of hemorrhage with administration of the agent. The aim of this research is to resolve the effect of encapsulation on fibrinolysis and bleeding in the microcirculation. METHODS An established rabbit model of fibrinolytic hemorrhage was utilized to explore the potential of encapsulation to limit bleeding. Equal dosages of free or microencapsulated streptokinase (MESK) were infused to initiate thrombolysis of small vessel clots while tracking blood loss. RESULTS Compared to free streptokinase, significant improvements in bleeding were observed with MESK as demonstrated by (1) delayed onset of bleeding, (2) shortened duration, and (3) reduction in the volume of lost blood, consistent with less systemic fibrinogen degradation. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate that encapsulation of streptokinase can inhibit clot lysis in small vessels. Combined with prior work on accelerated thrombolysis, results suggest a time-based regimen for avoiding bleeding complications during thrombolytic therapy with encapsulated agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Thummala
- Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - J K Leach
- Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - E Patterson
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - E A O'Rear
- Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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22
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Marques TM, Patterson E, Wall R, O'Sullivan O, Fitzgerald GF, Cotter PD, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Ross RP, Stanton C. Influence of GABA and GABA-producing Lactobacillus brevis DPC 6108 on the development of diabetes in a streptozotocin rat model. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:409-20. [PMID: 27013462 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if dietary administration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing Lactobacillus brevis DPC 6108 and pure GABA exert protective effects against the development of diabetes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. In a first experiment, healthy rats were divided in 3 groups (n=10/group) receiving placebo, 2.6 mg/kg body weight (bw) pure GABA or L. brevis DPC 6108 (~10(9)microorganisms). In a second experiment, rats (n=15/group) were randomised to five groups and four of these received an injection of STZ to induce type 1 diabetes. Diabetic and non-diabetic controls received placebo [4% (w/v) yeast extract in dH2O], while the other three diabetic groups received one of the following dietary supplements: 2.6 mg/kg bw GABA (low GABA), 200 mg/kg bw GABA (high GABA) or ~10(9) L. brevis DPC 6108. L. brevis DPC 6108 supplementation was associated with increased serum insulin levels (P<0.05), but did not alter other metabolic markers in healthy rats. Diabetes induced by STZ injection decreased body weight (P<0.05), increased intestinal length (P<0.05) and stimulated water and food intake. Insulin was decreased (P<0.05), whereas glucose was increased (P<0.001) in all diabetic groups, compared with non-diabetic controls. A decrease (P<0.01) in glucose levels was observed in diabetic rats receiving L. brevis DPC 6108, compared with diabetic-controls. Both the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota were affected by diabetes. Microbial diversity in diabetic rats supplemented with low GABA was not reduced (P>0.05), compared with non-diabetic controls while all other diabetic groups displayed reduced diversity (P<0.05). L. brevis DPC 6108 attenuated hyperglycaemia induced by diabetes but additional studies are needed to understand the mechanisms involved in this reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Marques
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.,3 School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Patterson
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.,3 School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Wall
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - O O'Sullivan
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - G F Fitzgerald
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,3 School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P D Cotter
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - T G Dinan
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,4 Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J F Cryan
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Stanton
- 1 APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
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Serizawa F, Patterson E, Potter RF, Fraser DD, Cepinskas G. Pretreatment of human cerebrovascular endothelial cells with CO-releasing molecule-3 interferes with JNK/AP-1 signaling and suppresses LPS-induced proadhesive phenotype. Microcirculation 2015; 22:28-36. [PMID: 25098198 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exogenously administered CO interferes with PMN recruitment to the inflamed organs. The mechanisms of CO-dependent modulation of vascular proadhesive phenotype, a key step in PMN recruitment, are unclear. METHODS We assessed the effects/mechanisms of CO liberated from a water-soluble CORM-3 on modulation of the proadhesive phenotype in hCMEC/D3 in an in vitro model of endotoxemia. To this end, hCMEC/D3 were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for six hours. In some experiments hCMEC/D3 were pretreated with CORM-3 (200 μmol/L) before LPS-stimulation. PMN rolling/adhesion to hCMEC/D3 were assessed under conditions of laminar shear stress (0.7 dyn/cm(2) ). In parallel, expression of adhesion molecules E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 (qPCR), activation of transcription factors, NF-κB and AP-1 (ELISA), and MAPK-signaling (expression/phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2; western blot) were assessed. RESULTS The obtained results indicate that CORM-3 pretreatment reduces PMN rolling/adhesion to LPS-stimulated hCMEC/D3 (p < 0.05). Decreased PMN rolling/adhesion to hCMEC/D3 was associated with CORM-3-dependent inhibition of MAPK JNK1/2 activation (Tyr-phosphorylation), inhibition of transcription factor, AP-1 (c-Jun phosphorylation), and subsequent suppression of VCAM-1 expression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that CORM-3 pretreatment interferes with JNK/AP-1 signaling and suppresses LPS-induced upregulation of the proadhesive phenotype in hCMEC/D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukashi Serizawa
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Inoue K, Woo M, Patterson E, Potter RF, Capretta A, Fraser DD, Cepinskas G. Pretreatment of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (PMN) with a New Carbon Monoxide (CO)‐Releasing Molecule (CORM401) Inhibits PMN Migration across Vascular Endothelial Cells. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.634.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Inoue
- Center for Critical Illness Research Lawson Health Research Institute Victoria Research LaboratoriesLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Martin Woo
- Center for Critical Illness Research Lawson Health Research Institute Victoria Research LaboratoriesLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Eric Patterson
- Center for Critical Illness Research Lawson Health Research Institute Victoria Research LaboratoriesLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Richard F. Potter
- Center for Critical Illness Research Lawson Health Research Institute Victoria Research LaboratoriesLondonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Douglas D. Fraser
- Center for Critical Illness Research Lawson Health Research Institute Victoria Research LaboratoriesLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Center for Critical Illness Research Lawson Health Research Institute Victoria Research LaboratoriesLondonOntarioCanada
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25
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Patterson E, Fraser D, Inoue K, Cepinskas G. Modulating Neutrophil‐Derived MPO‐Endothelial Surface Binding with CORMs. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.418.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Patterson
- Centre For Critical Illness Research Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Douglas Fraser
- Centre For Critical Illness Research Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
- Physiology and Pharmacology, PaediatricsWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Ken Inoue
- Centre For Critical Illness Research Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre For Critical Illness Research Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
- Medical BiophysicsWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
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Patterson E, Brautigam B, Farnsworth W, Eric M, Wu G, Contakes S. N-ferrocenyl isonicotinamide, a redox-active 1D hydrogen-bonded chain structure capable of supporting a mixed-valent redox state. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Patterson E, Capretta A, Fraser D, Potter R, Cepinskas G. Modulating myeloperoxidase‐induced endothelial damage by a carbon monoxide‐releasing molecule, CORM‐3 (146.9). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.146.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Patterson
- Centre for Critical Illness Research The Lawson Health Research Institute LondonONCanada
| | | | - Douglas Fraser
- Centre for Critical Illness Research The Lawson Health Research Institute LondonONCanada
- Physiology & PharmacologyPaediatrics and Clinical Neurological Sciences Western University LondonONCanada
| | - Richard Potter
- Centre for Critical Illness Research The Lawson Health Research Institute LondonONCanada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research The Lawson Health Research Institute LondonONCanada
- Department of Medical Biophysics Western UniversityLondonONCanada
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Ambrose PJ, Tsourounis C, Uryasz FD, Patterson E. Characteristics and trends of drug and dietary supplement inquiries by college athletes. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2013; 53:297-303. [PMID: 23699678 DOI: 10.1331/japha.2013.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the types of drug and dietary supplement inquiries submitted to the National Center for Drug Free Sport through the Resource Exchange Center (REC). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING United States, from July 2009 through June 2010. PARTICIPANTS Athletes and athletic personnel associated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). INTERVENTION Tabulation and classification of drugs and dietary supplement inquiries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Characteristics and trends of drug and dietary supplement inquiries. RESULTS Inquiries for prescription medications for albuterol inhalers, methylphenidate, amphetamines, and prednisone were the most common using a drug lookup function. The most common inquiries for over-the-counter medications included pseudoephedrine, loratadine, cetirizine, and caffeine. Among dietary supplements, inquiries for amino acids/metabolites, vitamins and minerals, and herbal products occurred most frequently. One dietary supplement, N.O.-Xplode (Bio-Engineered Supplements and Nutrition, Inc.), accounted for the majority of individual dietary supplement inquiries. Banned substances accounted for 30% of all inquiries submitted to the REC and 18% of medications searched in a drug lookup database. CONCLUSION Almost 25,000 inquiries were submitted to the REC. Pharmacists can use this information to advise, counsel, and refer NCAA athletes regarding the use of banned and permitted substances. Education programs regarding stimulants, dietary supplements, and the risk of using substances such as animal byproducts are needed, and pharmacists can participate in these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Ambrose
- School of Pharmacy, University of California, C-152, Box 0622, San Francisco, CA 94143-0622, USA.
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Serizawa F, Patterson E, Potter RF, Fraser D, Cepinskas G. Carbon monoxide (CO)‐dependent modulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to human cerebrovascular endothelial cells in an in vitro model of endotoxemia. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.57.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fukashi Serizawa
- Center for Critical Illness ResearchLawson Health Research InstituteLondonONCanada
| | - Eric Patterson
- Center for Critical Illness ResearchLawson Health Research InstituteLondonONCanada
| | - Richard F Potter
- Center for Critical Illness ResearchLawson Health Research InstituteLondonONCanada
| | - Duglas Fraser
- Center for Critical Illness ResearchLawson Health Research InstituteLondonONCanada
- Children's Health and TherapeuticsChildren fs Health Research InstituteLondonONCanada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Center for Critical Illness ResearchLawson Health Research InstituteLondonONCanada
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Chen CL, Sangiah S, Roder JD, Chen H, Berlin KD, Garrison GL, Scherlag BJ, Lazzara R, Patterson E. Pharmacokinetics and Plasma Protein Binding of BRB-I-28, a Novel Antiarrhythmic Agent, in Dogs. Clin Drug Investig 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03259249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nguyen N, Champion JK, Ponce J, Quebbemann B, Patterson E, Pham B, Raum W, Buchwald JN, Segato G, Favretti F. A review of unmet needs in obesity management. Obes Surg 2012; 22:956-66. [PMID: 22438220 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-012-0634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to escalate in the USA; however, there is no consensus regarding the optimal therapy for obesity. For the vast majority of severely obese patients, conventional medical therapies (i.e., diet, exercise, behavioral counseling) often fail over the long term. Existing pharmacotherapy adjunctive to behavioral therapy has limited effectiveness and an imperfect safety record. In contrast, bariatric surgery has a high degree of weight loss efficacy, yet only a small fraction of the qualifying obese population undergoes these procedures because of the associated perioperative risks and potential late complications. In addition, the role of bariatric surgery is unclear in certain patient populations, such as patients with lower body mass index (BMI, 30-35 kg/m(2)), the high-risk super-super obese patients (BMI > 60), the morbidly obese adolescent, and obese patients requiring weight reduction in preparation for other procedures, such as orthopedic, transplant, or vascular surgeries. In these circumstances, there is a need for an effective but less invasive treatment to bridge the gap between medical and surgical therapy. This review examines current treatment outcomes, identifies prominent areas of unmet clinical needs, and provides an overview of two minimally invasive "temporary procedures for weight loss" that may eventually address some of the unmet needs in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nguyen
- Division of GI Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 333 City Bldg. West, Suite 850, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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Anders SH, Woods DD, Schweikhart S, Ebright P, Patterson E. The effects of health information technology change over time: a study of Tele-ICU functions. Appl Clin Inform 2012; 3:239-47. [PMID: 23646073 PMCID: PMC3613018 DOI: 10.4338/aci-2011-12-ra-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Longitudinal studies exploring the evolution of health information technology functions provide valuable information about how technology systems are integrated and exploited in situ. This study reports changes in the distribution of functions for a specific health information technology, the tele-ICU, over time. The studied tele-ICU provided care to six remote ICUs within a local geographic region in the same state and had nursing staff around the clock. METHODS The intervention logs of tele-ICU nurses were collected during two discrete times and coded into nine emergent functional categories, who initiated the intervention and, if required, subsequent escalation. All coded functional categories were investigated for significant changes over time in the nursing logged interventions. RESULTS A total of 1927 interventions were coded into the nine emergent functional categories. Seven of the nine categories (78%) were significantly different between 2005 and 2007. The functions of the tele-ICU system continue to change and develop over time. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the tele-ICU increased support when ICU nurses were off the unit, inter-hospital coordinating and adherence to best practices, while simultaneously decreasing real-time support for ICU nurses. This research suggests that sustaining safety features in a new technology over time have post-conditions after implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Anders
- Center for Research & Innovation in Systems Safety, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) , Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
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Patterson E, Wall R, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP, Stanton C. Health implications of high dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated Fatty acids. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:539426. [PMID: 22570770 PMCID: PMC3335257 DOI: 10.1155/2012/539426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (e.g., arachidonic acid (AA)) and omega-3 (n-3) PUFA (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) are precursors to potent lipid mediator signalling molecules, termed "eicosanoids," which have important roles in the regulation of inflammation. In general, eicosanoids derived from n-6 PUFA are proinflammatory while eicosanoids derived from n-3 PUFA are anti-inflammatory. Dietary changes over the past few decades in the intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFA show striking increases in the (n-6) to (n-3) ratio (~15 : 1), which are associated with greater metabolism of the n-6 PUFA compared with n-3 PUFA. Coinciding with this increase in the ratio of (n-6) : (n-3) PUFA are increases in chronic inflammatory diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). By increasing the ratio of (n-3) : (n-6) PUFA in the Western diet, reductions may be achieved in the incidence of these chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Patterson
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, County Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Wall
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, County Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - G. F. Fitzgerald
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, County Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, County Cork, Ireland
| | - R. P. Ross
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, County Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - C. Stanton
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, County Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
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Patterson E, Webb R, Weisbrod A, Bian B, He M, Zhang L, Holloway AK, Krishna R, Nilubol N, Pacak K, Kebebew E. The microRNA expression changes associated with malignancy and SDHB mutation in pheochromocytoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:157-66. [PMID: 22241719 PMCID: PMC4716660 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the diagnosis of malignant pheochromocytoma can only be made when there is clinical evidence of metastasis or extensive local invasion. Thus, there is a need for new diagnostic marker(s) to identify tumors with malignant potential. The purpose of this study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are differentially expressed between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas and assess their diagnostic accuracy. Toward this aim, we analyzed miRNA expression in benign and malignant pheochromocytoma tumor samples using whole genome microarray profiling. Microarray analysis identified eight miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas. We measured a subset of these miRNAs directly by RT-PCR and found that miR-483-5p, miR-183, and miR-101 had significantly higher expression in malignant tumors as compared to their benign counterparts. Area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) analysis indicated that miR-483-5p, miR-101, and miR-183 could be useful diagnostic markers for distinguishing malignant from benign pheochromocytomas. In addition, these miRNAs could be detected in pheochromocytoma patient serum. Overall our data suggest that misexpression of miR-483-5p, miR-101, and miR-183 is associated with malignant pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Patterson
- Endocrine Oncology Section, NIH/NCI/Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Rahbari R, Kitano M, Zhang L, Bommareddi S, Patterson E, Jain M, Kebebew E. Reticulon 4 Interacting Protein 1 (RTN4IP1) Regulates Cancer Cell Phenotype and is Downregulated in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Elinder LS, Brunosson A, Bergström H, Hagströmer M, Patterson E. Validation of personal digital photography to assess dietary quality among people with intellectual disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res 2012; 56:221-226. [PMID: 21801265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary assessment is a challenge in general, and specifically in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). This study aimed to evaluate personal digital photography as a method of assessing different aspects of dietary quality in this target group. METHOD Eighteen adults with ID were recruited from community residences and activity centres in Stockholm County. Participants were instructed to photograph all foods and beverages consumed during 1 day, while observed. Photographs were coded by two raters. Observations and photographs of meal frequency, intake occasions of four specific food and beverage items, meal quality and dietary diversity were compared. Evaluation of inter-rater reliability and validity of the method was performed by intra-class correlation analysis. RESULTS With reminders from staff, 85% of all observed eating or drinking occasions were photographed. The inter-rater reliability was excellent for all assessed variables (ICC ≥ 0.88), except for meal quality where ICC was 0.66. The correlations between items assessed in photos and observations were strong to almost perfect with ICC values ranging from 0.71 to 0.92 and all were statistically significant. CONCLUSION Personal digital photography appears to be a feasible, reliable and valid method for assessing dietary quality in people with mild to moderate ID, who have daily staff support.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Elinder
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Stephens R, Cudnik M, Patterson E. Barriers and Facilitators to Timely Admission and Transfer of Patients from an Emergency Department to an Intensive Care Unit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1071181311551158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Purnell JQ, Selzer F, Smith M, Berk P, Courcoulas A, Inabnet W, King W, Pender J, Pomp A, Raum W, Schrope B, Steffen K, Wolfe B, Patterson E. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is Associated with Higher Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Sleep Apnea (SA), Longer Length of Hospital Stay (LOS) and Higher Re‐hospitalization Rate after Bariatric Surgery in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) Cohort. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.212.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hack E, Burguete R, Siebert T, Davighi A, Mottershead J, Lampeas G, Ihle A, Patterson E, Pipino A. Validation of full-field techniques: discussion of experiences. EPJ Web of Conferences 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20100646004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Collett JA, Ighodaro A, Patterson E, Osborn JL. Tissue Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Expression in Development of Hypertension in SHR/Brown Norway Congenic Rats. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.982.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hack E, Patterson E, Siebert T, Thalmann R. Calibration and validation of full-field techniques. EPJ Web of Conferences 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20100646003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Davighi A, Hack E, Patterson E, Whelan M. A reference material for dynamic displacement calibration. EPJ Web of Conferences 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20100646006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McGregor D, Bellinger S, Bruno D, Dunn W, McNeil W, Patterson E, Rice B, Shultis J, Unruh T. Perforated diode neutron detector modules fabricated from high-purity silicon. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Tool use is rare in wild animals, but of widespread interest because of its relationship to animal cognition, social learning and culture. Despite such attention, quantifying the costs and benefits of tool use has been difficult, largely because if tool use occurs, all population members typically exhibit the behavior. In Shark Bay, Australia, only a subset of the bottlenose dolphin population uses marine sponges as tools, providing an opportunity to assess both proximate and ultimate costs and benefits and document patterns of transmission. We compared sponge-carrying (sponger) females to non-sponge-carrying (non-sponger) females and show that spongers were more solitary, spent more time in deep water channel habitats, dived for longer durations, and devoted more time to foraging than non-spongers; and, even with these potential proximate costs, calving success of sponger females was not significantly different from non-spongers. We also show a clear female-bias in the ontogeny of sponging. With a solitary lifestyle, specialization, and high foraging demands, spongers used tools more than any non-human animal. We suggest that the ecological, social, and developmental mechanisms involved likely (1) help explain the high intrapopulation variation in female behaviour, (2) indicate tradeoffs (e.g., time allocation) between ecological and social factors and, (3) constrain the spread of this innovation to primarily vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Mann
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Albert AM, Ricanek K, Patterson E. A review of the literature on the aging adult skull and face: implications for forensic science research and applications. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 172:1-9. [PMID: 17434276 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a summary of findings of adult age-related craniofacial morphological changes. Our aims are two-fold: (1) through a review of the literature we address the factors influencing craniofacial aging, and (2) the general ways in which a head and face age in adulthood. We present findings on environmental and innate influences on face aging, facial soft tissue age changes, and bony changes in the craniofacial and dentoalveolar skeleton. We then briefly address the relevance of this information to forensic science research and applications, such as the development of computer facial age-progression and face recognition technologies, and contributions to forensic sketch artistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Midori Albert
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403-5907, United States.
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Kharmate G, Liu Z, Patterson E, Khan MM. Histamine affects STAT6 phosphorylation via its effects on IL-4 secretion: role of H1 receptors in the regulation of IL-4 production. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 7:277-86. [PMID: 17276885 PMCID: PMC1913482 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-6 is a transcriptional factor activated mainly through the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 leading to the Th2 cell differentiation. Th2 cells play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of allergic disease. Histamine alters the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance towards the Th2 cytokine profile and consequently plays a role in allergic diseases and asthma. This study was designed to investigate the effects of histamine on the STAT6 phosphorylation. C57/BL6 splenocytes were pretreated with different concentrations of histamine (10(-)(4) M to 10(-)(13) M) followed by stimulation with PMA+ionomycin or IL-4. The phosphorylated and total basal STAT6 levels were assessed by employing the immunoblotting technique. Histamine caused the hyper-phosphorylation of STAT6. H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine reversed the effect of histamine on STAT6 phosphorylation. However, H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine and H3/H4 receptor antagonist thioperamide did not affect the histamine mediated hyper-phosphorylation of STAT6. Furthermore, H1 receptor agonist betahistine enhanced the phosphorylation of STAT6 whereas H2 receptor agonist amthamine did not affect the phosphorylation STAT6. Furthermore, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin, inhibited the histamine mediated phosphorylation of STAT6 when stimulated with PMA+ionomycin. The effects of histamine on the STAT6 phosphorylation were indirect since they were blocked either by the antibodies to IL-4 and IL-13 or in IL-4 knock out mice in the presence of IL-13 antibody. These observations suggest that histamine indirectly affected the STAT6 phosphorylation via its effects on the secretion of cytokines (IL-4) and H1 receptor played a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Kharmate
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68178
| | - Zhongfeng Liu
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68178
| | - Eric Patterson
- Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68178
| | - Manzoor M. Khan
- **Corresponding author: Manzoor M. Khan, Ph.D., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, Phone: 402-280-5576, Fax: 402-280-1883, E-mail:
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