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Moon DH, Kim A, Song BW, Kim YK, Kim GT, Ahn EY, So MW, Lee SG. High Baseline Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Could Serve as a Biomarker for Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Blockers and Their Discontinuation in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030379. [PMID: 36986479 PMCID: PMC10055887 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study explores the association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios with the 3-month treatment response and persistence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blockers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: This retrospective cohort study investigated 279 AS patients who were newly initiated on TNF-α blockers between April 2004 and October 2019 and 171 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Response to TNF-α blockers was defined as a reduction in the Bath AS Disease Activity Index of ≥50% or 20 mm, and persistence referred to the time interval from the initiation to discontinuation of TNF-α blockers. Results: Patients with AS had significantly increased NLR, MLR, and PLR ratios as compared to controls. The frequency of non-response at 3 months was 3.7%, and TNF-α blockers’ discontinuation occurred in 113 (40.5%) patients during the follow-up period. A high baseline NLR but not high baseline MLR and PLR showed an independently significant association with a higher risk of non-response at 3 months (OR = 12.3, p = 0.025) and non-persistence with TNF-α blockers (HR = 1.66, p = 0.01). Conclusions: NLR may be a potential marker for predicting the clinical response and persistence of TNF-α blockers in AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyuk Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.M.); (A.K.); (B.-W.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Aran Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.M.); (A.K.); (B.-W.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.M.); (A.K.); (B.-W.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 49104, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (G.-T.K.)
| | - Geun-Tae Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 49104, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (G.-T.K.)
| | - Eun-Young Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.A.); (M.-W.S.)
| | - Min-Wook So
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.A.); (M.-W.S.)
| | - Seung-Geun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.M.); (A.K.); (B.-W.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-240-7225
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Song BW, Kim AR, Moon DH, Kim YK, Kim GT, Ahn EY, So MW, Lee SG. Associations of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Osteoporosis and Incident Vertebral Fracture in Postmenopausal Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:medicina58070852. [PMID: 35888571 PMCID: PMC9321011 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: We investigated whether nutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphoycte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are associated with the presence of osteoporosis (OP) and vertebral fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 413 postmenopausal patients with RA and 200 healthy controls who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) between January 2005 and December 2017. DEXA examination data were defined as the index date, and all laboratory values were measured within one month from the index date. OP was defined as a T-score < −2.5, and incident vertebral fractures were defined as the first occurrence of non-traumatic fractures after the index date. NLR, PLR, and MLR measures were dichotomized by a median split (low vs. high). Results: The median NLR, PLR, and MLR in RA patients were significantly higher than those in controls. The frequencies of OP of the lumbar spine, hip, and either site in postmenopausal patients with RA were 24.7%, 15.5%, and 32%, respectively, and were significantly higher than those in controls. After adjusting for confounding factors, a high baseline NLR was significantly associated with OP at either site (OR = 1.61, p = 0.041). In addition, high baseline NLR (OR = 2.11, p = 0.025) and PLR (OR = 2.3, p = 0.011) were related with the presence OP at hip. During the follow-up period, 53 (12.8%) patients with RA developed vertebral fractures incidentally. In multivariable Cox regression models, a high baseline NLR (HR = 4.72, p < 0.001), PLR (HR = 1.96, p = 0.024), and MLR (HR = 2.64, p = 0.002) were independently associated with a higher risk of incidental vertebral fractures. Conclusions: Our data suggest that NLR, PLR, and MLR can be used as potential markers of systemic bone loss among individuals with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Wook Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Korea; (B.-W.S.); (A.-R.K.); (D.-H.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - A-Ran Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Korea; (B.-W.S.); (A.-R.K.); (D.-H.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Korea; (B.-W.S.); (A.-R.K.); (D.-H.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (G.-T.K.)
| | - Geun-Tae Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (G.-T.K.)
| | - Eun-Young Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (E.-Y.A.); (M.-W.S.)
| | - Min-Wook So
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (E.-Y.A.); (M.-W.S.)
| | - Seung-Geun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Korea; (B.-W.S.); (A.-R.K.); (D.-H.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Ahn EY, Shin SW, Kim K, Park Y. Facile Green Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by Upcycling Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Pericarp Extract. Nanoscale Res Lett 2022; 17:40. [PMID: 35357581 PMCID: PMC8971259 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present report, green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was performed by upcycling mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) pericarp extract (methanol and ethyl acetate extracts). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed an aggregated structure with a highly porous network of TiO2 NPs. TiO2 NPs synthesized with ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc-TiO2 NPs) exhibited more monodispersity and possessed smoother surfaces than the control TiO2 NPs (Con-TiO2 NPs) and TiO2 NPs synthesized with methanol extract (MeOH-TiO2 NPs). High-resolution X-ray diffraction patterns clearly confirmed that TiO2 NPs had a crystalline nature. A mixture of anatase and rutile was observed in Con-TiO2 NPs and MeOH-TiO2 NPs, while EtOAc-TiO2 NPs had only anatase with the smallest size (12.50 ± 1.81 nm). Ethyl acetate extract contained the highest amount of α-mangostin; thus, the surface of TiO2 NPs was functionalized with ethyl acetate extract. The functionalized TiO2 NPs synthesized with ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc-TiO2-αm) showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. In vitro cell viability on mouse fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) indicated that the newly synthesized TiO2 NPs did not show any significant cytotoxicity. Therefore, the TiO2 NPs in the present report have the potential to be used in cosmetic applications such as sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongsoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 50834, Republic of Korea.
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Lee YJ, Ahn EY, Park Y. Shape-dependent cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles synthesized using green tea extract. Nanoscale Res Lett 2019; 14:129. [PMID: 30976946 PMCID: PMC6459462 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present report, three different shapes of chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles (nanospheres, nanostars, and nanorods) were synthesized to investigate the effects of shape on cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in cancer cells. Green tea extract was utilized as a reducing agent to reduce gold salts to gold nanospheres. Gold nanostars were prepared using an as-prepared nanosphere solution as a seed solution. Gold nanorods were synthesized using a conventional method. All three types of gold nanoparticles showed their characteristic surface plasmon resonance bands upon UV-visible spectrophotometry. In high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images, lattice structures were clearly observed in all three shapes, confirming the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. All three colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles retained colloidal stability in various solutions. To assess cytotoxicity, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed on four cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity was the highest in nanorods, followed by nanostars and finally nanospheres. The cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles in human hepatocyte carcinoma cells (HepG2) was measured, and the results followed the order nanospheres > nanorods > nanostars. The outcomes of the current study may assist in the shape design of gold nanoparticles for therapeutic applications as drug delivery vehicles in the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
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Ahn EY, Jin H, Park Y. Assessing the antioxidant, cytotoxic, apoptotic and wound healing properties of silver nanoparticles green-synthesized by plant extracts. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 101:204-216. [PMID: 31029313 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized silver nanoparticles using thirty Chinese plant extracts via a green synthetic strategy. UV-visible spectra showed that the silver nanoparticles have an absorbance at 450 nm. Among the thirty extracts, seven extracts (Cratoxylum formosum, Phoebe lanceolata, Scurrula parasitica, Ceratostigma minus, Mucuna birdwoodiana, Myrsine africana and Lindera strychnifolia) exhibited the successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles. These seven extracts showed higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power than the other extracts. The silver nanoparticles synthesized using these seven extracts were mostly spherical with high colloidal stability. The cytotoxicity of these seven silver nanoparticle samples on human lung cancer cells (A549) was clearly higher than that of the extracts alone. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity was affected by the presence or absence of fetal bovine serum. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the silver nanoparticles synthesized with Cratoxylum formosum and Mucuna birdwoodiana extracts resulted in apoptotic cell death in A549 cells. The wound healing activity observed by the cell scratch method on mouse fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) suggested that the Lindera strychnifolia extract produced silver nanoparticles with decent activity. These results provide ample and systematic information for researchers on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650205, China
| | - Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn EY, Lee YJ, Park J, Chun P, Park Y. Antioxidant Potential of Artemisia capillaris, Portulaca oleracea, and Prunella vulgaris Extracts for Biofabrication of Gold Nanoparticles and Cytotoxicity Assessment. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:348. [PMID: 30377868 PMCID: PMC6207604 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Three aqueous plant extracts (Artemisia capillaris, Portulaca oleracea, and Prunella vulgaris) were selected for the biofabrication of gold nanoparticles. The antioxidant activities (i.e., free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and reducing power) of the extracts and how these activities affected the biofabrication of gold nanoparticles were investigated. P. vulgaris exerted the highest antioxidant activity, followed by A. capillaris and then P. oleracea. P. vulgaris was the most efficient reducing agent in the biofabrication process. Gold nanoparticles biofabricated by P. vulgaris (PV-AuNPs) had a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 530 nm with diverse shapes. High-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the PV-AuNPs had a face-centered cubic structure. The reaction yield was estimated to be 99.3% by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The hydrodynamic size was determined to be 45 ± 2 nm with a zeta potential of - 13.99 mV. The PV-AuNPs exerted a dose-dependent antioxidant activity. Remarkably, the highest cytotoxicity of the PV-AuNPs was observed against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells in the absence of fetal bovine serum, while for human pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma cells, the highest cytotoxicity was observed in the presence of fetal bovine serum. This result demonstrates that P. vulgaris extract was an efficient reducing agent for biofabrication of gold nanoparticles exerting cytotoxicity against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - You Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
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Ahn EY, Hwang SJ, Choi MJ, Cho S, Lee HJ, Park Y. Upcycling of jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) sea wastes as highly valuable reducing agents for green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their antitumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2018; 46:1127-1136. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1480490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- u-Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Choi
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonho Cho
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- u-Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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Ahn EY, Lee YJ, Choi SY, Im AR, Kim YS, Park Y. Highly stable gold nanoparticles green-synthesized by upcycling cartilage waste extract from yellow-nose skate (Dipturus chilensis) and evaluation of its cytotoxicity, haemocompatibility and antioxidant activity. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2018; 46:1108-1119. [PMID: 29956560 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1479710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Skate (Dipturus chilensis) cartilage extract was utilized as a green reducing agent for the synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles with an average size of 16.7 ± 0.2 nm. The gold nanoparticle solution showed a surface plasmon resonance at 543 nm with a wine-red colour. A strong X-ray diffraction pattern and clear lattice structure in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicated a face-centred cubic structure of the gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles retained excellent colloidal stability. Gold nanoparticles showed strong antioxidant activity in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. In vitro cytotoxicity was observed for seven cancer cells assessed by the water-soluble tetrazolium assay. Among the seven cancer cells, the highest cytotoxicity was observed for MDA-MB-231 (human breast adenocarcinoma cell) followed by HeLa (human epithelial cervix adenocarcinoma cell) and lastly by HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell). Furthermore, gold nanoparticles showed excellent haemocompatibility, indicating the possibility of their use as a future nanomedicine. These results strongly suggest that gold nanoparticles green-synthesized by upcycling skate cartilage waste extract will be valuable carriers or vehicles for the delivery of drugs or bioactive molecules, such as anti-cancer agents, for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ahn
- a College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research , Inje University , Gyeongnam , Republic of Korea
| | - You Jeong Lee
- a College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research , Inje University , Gyeongnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Choi
- a College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research , Inje University , Gyeongnam , Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rang Im
- b KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- c College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Youmie Park
- a College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research , Inje University , Gyeongnam , Republic of Korea
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Hwang SJ, Ahn EY, Park Y, Lee HJ. An aqueous extract of Nomura’s jellyfish ameliorates inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and a zebrafish model of inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:583-589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Seo YS, Ahn EY, Park J, Kim TY, Hong JE, Kim K, Park Y, Park Y. Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol with gold nanoparticles synthesized by caffeic acid. Nanoscale Res Lett 2017; 12:7. [PMID: 28058640 PMCID: PMC5216008 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, various concentrations of caffeic acid (CA) were used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (CA-AuNPs) in order to evaluate their catalytic activity in the 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction. To facilitate catalytic activity, caffeic acid was removed by centrifugation after synthesizing CA-AuNPs. The catalytic activity of CA-AuNPs was compared with that of centrifuged CA-AuNPs (cf-CA-AuNPs). Notably, cf-CA-AuNPs exhibited up to 6.41-fold higher catalytic activity compared with CA-AuNPs. The catalytic activity was dependent on the caffeic acid concentration, and the lowest concentration (0.08 mM) produced CA-AuNPs with the highest catalytic activity. The catalytic activities of both CA-AuNPs and cf-CA-AuNPs decreased with increasing caffeic acid concentration. Furthermore, a conversion yield of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the reaction mixture was determined to be 99.8% using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The product, 4-aminophenol, was purified from the reaction mixture, and its structure was confirmed by 1H-NMR. It can be concluded that the removal of the reducing agent, caffeic acid in the present study, significantly enhanced the catalytic activity of CA-AuNPs in the 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seon Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongsoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
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Park JS, Ahn EY, Park Y. Asymmetric dumbbell-shaped silver nanoparticles and spherical gold nanoparticles green-synthesized by mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana) pericarp waste extracts. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6895-6908. [PMID: 29066885 PMCID: PMC5604560 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) pericarp waste extract was used to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles by a green strategy. The extract was both a reducing and stabilizing agent during synthesis. Phytochemical screening of the extract was conducted to obtain information regarding the presence/absence of primary and secondary metabolites in the extract. The in vitro antioxidant activity results demonstrated that the extract had excellent antioxidant activity, which was comparable to a standard (butylated hydroxy toluene). Spherical gold nanoparticles (gold nanoparticles green synthesized by mangosteen pericarp extract [GM-AuNPs]) with an average size of 15.37±3.99 to 44.20±16.99 nm were observed in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images. Most interestingly, the silver nanoparticles (silver nanoparticles green synthesized by mangosteen pericarp extract [GM-AgNPs]) had asymmetric nanodumbbell shapes where one tail grew from a spherical head. The average head size was measured to be 13.65±5.07 to 31.08±3.99 nm from HR-TEM images. The hydrodynamic size of both nanoparticles tended to increase with increasing extract concentration. Large negative zeta potentials (−18.92 to −34.77 mV) suggested that each nanoparticle solution possessed excellent colloidal stability. The reaction yields were 99.7% for GM-AuNPs and 82.8% for GM-AgNPs, which were assessed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. A high-resolution X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the face-centered cubic structure of both nanoparticles. Based on phytochemical screening and Fourier transform infrared spectra, the hydroxyl functional groups of carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds were most likely involved in a reduction reaction of gold or silver salts to their corresponding nanoparticles. The in vitro cytotoxicity (based on a water-soluble tetrazolium assay) demonstrated that GM-AgNPs were toxic to both A549 (a human lung cancer cell) and NIH3T3 (a mouse fibroblast cell). The cytotoxicity of GM-AgNPs on A549 cells was related to apoptotic cell death. However, GM-AuNPs did not show any significant cytotoxicity to either cell. These results suggest that GM-AuNPs have the potential to be drug delivery vehicles or carriers for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Su Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lim SH, Ahn EY, Park Y. Green Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Artemisia capillaris Water Extract. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:474. [PMID: 27783375 PMCID: PMC5080270 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using a water extract of Artemisia capillaris (AC-AuNPs) under different extract concentrations, and their catalytic activity was evaluated in a 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction in the presence of sodium borohydride. The AC-AuNPs showed violet or wine colors with characteristic surface plasmon resonance bands at 534~543 nm that were dependent on the extract concentration. Spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 16.88 ± 5.47~29.93 ± 9.80 nm were observed by transmission electron microscopy. A blue shift in the maximum surface plasmon resonance was observed with increasing extract concentration. The face-centered cubic structure of AC-AuNPs was confirmed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on phytochemical screening and Fourier transform infrared spectra, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and amino acids present in the extract contributed to the reduction of Au ions to AC-AuNPs. The average size of the AC-AuNPs decreased as the extract concentration during the synthesis was increased. Higher 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction rate constants were observed for smaller sizes. The extract in the AC-AuNPs was removed by centrifugation to investigate the effect of the extract in the reduction reaction. Interestingly, the removal of extracts greatly enhanced their catalytic activity by up to 50.4 %. The proposed experimental method, which uses simple centrifugation, can be applied to other metallic nanoparticles that are green synthesized with plant extracts to enhance their catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyeon Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
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13
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Abstract
We demonstrate an unconventional epitaxial relation between monoclinic MoO2film and hexagonal Al2O3. Clear Drude absorption mode and other direct optical transitions are unveiled by optical spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunYoung Ahn
- Department of Physics
- Pusan National University
- Busan
- Korea
| | - Yu-Seong Seo
- Department of Physics
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - JinHyung Cho
- Department of Physics Education
- Pusan National University
- Busan
- Korea
| | - Inwon Lee
- Global Core Research Center for Ships and Offshore Plants
- Pusan National University
- Busan
- Korea
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14
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Lo MC, Peterson LF, Yan M, Cong X, Jin F, Shia WJ, Matsuura S, Ahn EY, Komeno Y, Ly M, Ommen HB, Chen IM, Hokland P, Willman CL, Ren B, Zhang DE. Combined gene expression and DNA occupancy profiling identifies potential therapeutic targets of t(8;21) AML. Blood 2012; 120:1473-84. [PMID: 22740448 PMCID: PMC3423785 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-395335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome translocation 8q22;21q22 [t(8;21)] is commonly associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the resulting AML1-ETO fusion proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of AML. To identify novel molecular and therapeutic targets, we performed combined gene expression microarray and promoter occupancy (ChIP-chip) profiling using Lin(-)/Sca1(-)/cKit(+) cells, the major leukemia cell population, from an AML mouse model induced by AML1-ETO9a (AE9a). Approximately 30% of the identified common targets of microarray and ChIP-chip assays overlap with the human t(8;21)-gene expression molecular signature. CD45, a protein tyrosine phosphatase and a negative regulator of cytokine/growth factor receptor and JAK/STAT signaling, is among those targets. Its expression is substantially down-regulated in leukemia cells. Consequently, JAK/STAT signaling is enhanced. Re-expression of CD45 suppresses JAK/STAT activation, delays leukemia development, and promotes apoptosis of t(8;21)-positive cells. This study demonstrates the benefit of combining gene expression and promoter occupancy profiling assays to identify molecular and potential therapeutic targets in human cancers and describes a previously unappreciated signaling pathway involving t(8;21) fusion proteins, CD45, and JAK/STAT, which could be a potential novel target for treating t(8;21) AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Genes, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Janus Kinases/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Mice
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
- STAT Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Chia Lo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Ahn EY, DeKelver RC, Lo MC, Nguyen TA, Matsuura S, Boyapati A, Pandit S, Fu XD, Zhang DE. SON controls cell-cycle progression by coordinated regulation of RNA splicing. Mol Cell 2011; 42:185-98. [PMID: 21504830 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been suspected that cell-cycle progression might be functionally coupled with RNA processing. However, little is known about the role of the precise splicing control in cell-cycle progression. Here, we report that SON, a large Ser/Arg (SR)-related protein, is a splicing cofactor contributing to efficient splicing of cell-cycle regulators. Downregulation of SON leads to severe impairment of spindle pole separation, microtubule dynamics, and genome integrity. These molecular defects result from inadequate RNA splicing of a specific set of cell-cycle-related genes that possess weak splice sites. Furthermore, we show that SON facilitates the interaction of SR proteins with RNA polymerase II and other key spliceosome components, suggesting its function in efficient cotranscriptional RNA processing. These results reveal a mechanism for controlling cell-cycle progression through SON-dependent constitutive splicing at suboptimal splice sites, with strong implications for its role in cancer and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ahn
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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16
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Pawar P, Ma L, Byon CH, Liu H, Ahn EY, Jhala N, Arnoletti JP, McDonald JM, Chen Y. Molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen therapy for cholangiocarcinoma: role of calmodulin. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:1288-96. [PMID: 19228732 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cholangiocarcinoma is a fatal tumor with limited therapeutic options. We have reported that calmodulin antagonists tamoxifen and trifluoperazine induced apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Here, we determined the effects of tamoxifen on tumorigenesis and the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Nude mice xenograft model of cholangiocarcinoma was used and tamoxifen was given i.p. and intratumorally. Cholangiocarcinoma cells were used to characterize molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in vitro. RESULTS I.p. or intratumoral injection of tamoxifen decreased cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis by 40% to 80% in nude mice. In cells isolated from tumor xenografts, tamoxifen inhibited phosphorylation of AKT (pAKT) and cellular FLICE like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). Immunohistochemical analysis further showed that pAKT was identified in all nontreated tumors but was absent in tamoxifen-treated tumors. In vitro, tamoxifen activated caspase-8 and caspase-10, and their respective inhibitors partially blocked tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of c-FLIP inhibited tamoxifen-induced apoptosis and enhanced tumorigenesis of cholangiocarcinoma cells in nude mice, whereas deletion of the calmodulin-binding domain on c-FLIP restored the sensitivity to tamoxifen and inhibited tumorigenesis. With two additional cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, we confirmed that the expression of FLIP is an important factor in mediating spontaneous and tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Thus, tamoxifen inhibits cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis in nude mice. Tamoxifen-induced apoptosis is partially dependent on caspases, inhibition of pAKT, and FLIP expression. Further, calmodulin-FLIP binding seems to be important in FLIP-mediated resistance to tamoxifen. Therefore, the present studies support the concept that tamoxifen may be used as a therapy for cholangiocarcinoma and possibly other malignancies in which the calmodulin targets AKT and c-FLIP play important roles in the tumor pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritish Pawar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35249-7331, USA
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17
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Ahn EY, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Son EM, You S, Kang SW, Park JS, Jung JH, Lee BJ, Kim DK. Cytotoxicity of p-tyrosol and its derivatives may correlate with the inhibition of DNA replication initiation. Oncol Rep 2008; 19:527-534. [PMID: 18202803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
p-Tyrosol is a phenolic compound present in different dietary sources that can exert mild antioxidant properties based on in vitro and in vivo studies. In our study, two p-tyrosol derivatives (p-tyrosyl gallate and p-tyrosyl acetate) were synthesized and compared together with p-tyrosol and gallic acid for their cytotoxic activities on human cancer cells. p-Tyrosyl gallate had the most potent cytotoxicity and the major cytotoxic mechanism of its action was studied. We found that in HeLa cells, p-tyrosyl gallate can effectively induce cell cycle arrest during S phase and inhibited in vitro simian virus (SV40 DNA) replication. In addition, p-tyrosyl gallate can inhibit three important functional replication proteins (topoisomerase I, RPA and pol alpha-primase), especially pol alpha-primase. These results suggest that p-tyrosyl gallate-induced cell cycle arrest during S phase correlates with the inhibition of DNA replication. Pol alpha-primase may be the main target molecule. Taken together, we suggest that p-tyrosyl gallate is a strong anticancer drug candidate that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ahn
- Biohealth Product Research Center, Inje University, Kimhae 621-749, Korea
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18
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Ahn EY, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Son E, You S, Kang SW, Park JS, Jung J, Lee BJ, Kim DK. Cytotoxicity of p-tyrosol and its derivatives may correlate with the inhibition of DNA replication initiation. Oncol Rep 2008. [DOI: 10.3892/or.19.2.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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19
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Zhang Y, Ahn EY, Jiang Y, Kim DK, Kang SG, Wu C, Kang SW, Park JS, Son B, Jung J. 3-Chloro-2,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol activates human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell apoptosis by inducing DNA damage. Int J Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.31.6.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Zhang Y, Ahn EY, Jiang Y, Kim DK, Kang SG, Wu C, Kang SW, Park JS, Son BW, Jung JH. 3-Chloro-2,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol activates human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell apoptosis by inducing DNA damage. Int J Oncol 2007; 31:1317-1323. [PMID: 17982657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated 3-chloro-2,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (CHBA) from marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. and characterized its apoptosis-inducing properties against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. Significantly decreased rates of proliferation and viability (IC50 approximately 35 microM) as well as evidence of apoptosis were observed with CHBA. Nuclear changes observed under fluorescence microscopy confirmed apoptosis occurrence and showed a typical pattern of chromatin condensation. Furthermore, results from Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining indicated that CHBA induced earlier apoptosis of HeLa cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CHBA also induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytosol and subsequent caspase activation involving caspase-9 and -3 by Western blotting assay was observed. We also found that CHBA was able to induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA replication followed by S phase arrest. The very sensitive alkaline microgel electrophoresis technique (comet assay) was used for estimation of the CHBA-induced DNA single strand breaks. These findings suggest that CHBA induces HeLa cell apoptosis by cytochrome c release and caspase activation pathway and that the effect of CHBA on apoptosis of HeLa cells is associated with DNA damage. Because of the ease of synthesis and structural manipulation, CHBA may have the potential to be developed into an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Biohealth Product Research Center, Inje University, Kimhae, South Korea
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21
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Pan G, Ahn EY, Chen Y, Feng G, Reddy V, Jhala N, McDonald J. Reciprocal co-expression of Fas and Fas ligand in human cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.31.4.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Pan G, Ahn EY, Chen Y, Feng G, Reddy V, Jhala NC, McDonald JM. Reciprocal co-expression of Fas and Fas ligand in human cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2007; 31:843-50. [PMID: 17786316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously characterized the role of Fas in tumorigenesis using two cholangiocarcinoma cell lines expressing high (Fas(H)) and low (Fas(L)) levels of Fas. Here we further characterize Fas ligand (FasL) expression and function in these two cell lines. The Fas(L) cells expressed a high level of FasL, whereas the Fas(H) cells expressed a low level of FasL showing reciprocal expression of Fas and FasL in tumor cells. FasL released from the Fas(L) cells is capable of inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes, which is blocked by neutralizing Fas antibody. To study the underlying mechanism for the reciprocal expression of Fas and FasL, we examined the activities of both the Fas and FasL promoters. The activity of the Fas promoter is suppressed and the activity of the FasL promoter is stimulated in the Fas(L) cells compared to the Fas(H) cells. The inverse activities of Fas and FasL promoter in tumor cells are regulated by NF-kappaB, which inhibits Fas expression and increases FasL expression through binding to their respective promoters. The inverse expression of Fas and FasL in tumor cells is partially reversed by an NF-kappaB inhibitor. In conclusion, human cholangiocarcinoma cells reciprocally co-express functional Fas and FasL, which are the result of the activities of the Fas and FasL promoters being regulated by NF-kappaB. These findings provide a potential unifying molecular mechanism for modulating tumorigenesis via Fas/FasL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Pan
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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23
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Peterson LF, Boyapati A, Ahn EY, Biggs JR, Okumura AJ, Lo MC, Yan M, Zhang DE. Acute myeloid leukemia with the 8q22;21q22 translocation: secondary mutational events and alternative t(8;21) transcripts. Blood 2007; 110:799-805. [PMID: 17412887 PMCID: PMC1924771 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-11-019265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonrandom and somatically acquired chromosomal translocations can be identified in nearly 50% of human acute myeloid leukemias. One common chromosomal translocation in this disease is the 8q22;21q22 translocation. It involves the AML1 (RUNX1) gene on chromosome 21 and the ETO (MTG8, RUNX1T1) gene on chromosome 8 generating the AML1-ETO fusion proteins. In this review, we survey recent advances made involving secondary mutational events and alternative t(8;21) transcripts in relation to understanding AML1-ETO leukemogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/metabolism
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/biosynthesis
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke F Peterson
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Jiang Y, Ahn EY, Ryu SH, Kim DK, Park JS, Kang SW, You S, Lee BJ, Jung JH. Mechanism of cell cycle arrest by (8E,13Z,20Z)-strobilinin/(7E,13Z,20Z)-felixinin from a marine sponge Psammocinia sp. Oncol Rep 2005; 14:957-62. [PMID: 16142357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Furanosesterterpenes, isolated from a marine sponge Psammocinia sp. have been reported to display significant cytotoxicity to some cancer cell lines. In this study, EZZ, an inseparable 1:1 mixture of (8E,3Z,20Z)-strobilinin and (7E,3Z,20Z)-felixinin, showed significant antiproliferative effect on human cervix carcinoma cell line (HeLa). Cell cycle analysis revealed that EZZ could arrest HeLa cells in S phase with a concomitant decrease in the cell population of G1 phase. By using simian virus (SV40) DNA in vitro replication system, we found that EZZ could inhibit DNA replication, which suggests that EZZ-induced S phase arrest might be the direct result of blocked DNA synthesis. Furthermore, low concentration of EZZ was found to be capable of significantly inhibiting the DNA cleavage by topoisomerase I (topo I) and reducing the polymerase alpha-primase (pol alpha-primase) activity, while the ssDNA binding activity of replication protein A (RPA) was less affected. Taken together, these results suggest that EZZ-induced cell cycle arrest in S phase correlate with the inhibition of DNA replication, and topo I and pol alpha-primase might be the two main target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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25
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Jiang Y, Ahn EY, Ryu SH, Kim DK, Park JS, Kang S, You S, Lee BJ, Jung J. Mechanism of cell cycle arrest by (8E,13Z,20Z)-strobilinin/(7E,13Z,20Z)-felixinin from a marine sponge Psammocinia sp. Oncol Rep 2005. [DOI: 10.3892/or.14.4.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Promotion of osteoclast apoptosis is one therapeutic approach to osteoporosis. Calmodulin, the major intracellular Ca(2+) receptor, modulates both osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. The calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine, rescues bone loss in ovariectomized mice (Zhang, L., Feng, X., and McDonald, J. M. (2003) Endocrinology 144, 4536-4543). We show here that a 3-h treatment of mouse osteoclasts with either of the calmodulin antagonists, tamoxifen or trifluoperazine, induces osteoclast apoptosis dose-dependently. Tamoxifen, 10 microm, and trifluoperazine, 10 microm, induce 7.3 +/- 1.8-fold and 5.3 +/- 0.9-fold increases in osteoclast apoptosis, respectively. In Jurkat cells, calmodulin binds to Fas, the death receptor, and this binding is regulated during Fas-mediated apoptosis (Ahn, E. Y., Lim, S. T., Cook, W. J., and McDonald, J. M. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 5661-5666). In osteoclasts, calmodulin also binds Fas. When osteoclasts are treated with 10 microm trifluoperazine, the binding between Fas and calmodulin is dramatically decreased at 15 min and gradually recovers by 60 min. A point mutation of the Fas death domain in the Lpr(-cg) mouse renders Fas inactive. Using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, the human Fas cytoplasmic domain is shown to bind calmodulin, whereas a point mutation (V254N) comparable with the Lpr(-cg) mutation in mice has markedly reduced calmodulin binding. Osteoclasts derived from Lpr(-cg) mice have diminished calmodulin/Fas binding and are more sensitive to calmodulin antagonist-induced apoptosis than those from wild-type mice. Both tamoxifen- and trifluoperazine-induced apoptosis are increased 1.6 +/- 0.2-fold in Lpr(-cg)-derived osteoclasts compared with osteoclasts derived from wild-type mice. In summary, calmodulin antagonists induce apoptosis in osteoclasts by a mechanism involving interference with calmodulin binding to Fas. The effects of calmodulin/Fas binding on calmodulin antagonist-induced apoptosis may open a new avenue for therapy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wu
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 and the
| | - Eun-Young Ahn
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 and the
| | - Margaret A. McKenna
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 and the
| | - Hyeonju Yeo
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 and the
| | - Jay M. McDonald
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 and the
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35233
- ¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: University of Alabama at Birmingham, 509 LHRB, 1530 3rd Ave. S., Birmingham, AL 35294-0007. Tel.: 205-934-6666; Fax: 205-975-9927; E-mail:
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27
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Ahn EY, Pan G, Oh JH, Tytler EM, McDonald JM. The combination of calmodulin antagonists and interferon-gamma induces apoptosis through caspase-dependent and -independent pathways in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Am J Pathol 2003; 163:2053-63. [PMID: 14578204 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) antagonists have been shown to inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis and to induce apoptosis in various tumor models, but the molecular mechanism of CaM antagonist-mediated apoptosis is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that interferon (IFN)-gamma induces susceptibility to CaM antagonist-mediated apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cells weakly expressing Fas (Fas-low cells). During CaM antagonist-mediated apoptosis in IFN-gamma-pretreated Fas-low cells, cleavage of caspases-8, -9, and -3 and Bid, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and an increase in the free cytosolic calcium concentration were observed. CaM antagonists also caused depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane independent of caspase activation. Although a broad-range caspase inhibitor partially blocked CaM antagonist-mediated apoptosis, the neutralizing Fas antibody had no effect, suggesting that CaM antagonist-mediated apoptosis does not require interaction between CaM antagonists and surface Fas. CaM antagonists induce apoptosis via mechanisms other than inhibition of CaM-dependent protein kinase II and calcineurin, as their inhibitors, KN93 and cyclosporine A, had no effect on apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that CaM antagonists induce apoptosis in both caspase-dependent and -independent manners, and that susceptibility to CaM antagonists is modulated by IFN-gamma. The combination of IFN-gamma and CaM antagonists, including tamoxifen, may be a potential therapeutic modality for cholangiocarcinoma and possibly other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ahn
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
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Abstract
Fas (APO-1/CD95) is a cell surface receptor that initiates apoptotic pathways, and its cytoplasmic domain interacts with various molecules suggesting that Fas signaling is complex and regulated by multiple proteins. Calmodulin (CaM) is an intracellular Ca(2+)-binding protein, and it mediates many of the effects of Ca2+. Here, we demonstrate that CaM binds to Fas directly and identify the CaM-binding site on the cytoplasmic death domain (DD) of Fas. Fas binds to CaM-Sepharose and is co-immunoprecipitated with CaM. Other death receptors, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor, DR4, and DR5 do not bind to CaM. The interaction between Fas and CaM is Ca(2+)-dependent. Deletion mapping analysis with various GST-fused Fas cytoplasmic domain fragments revealed that the fragment containing helices 1, 2, and 3 of the Fas DD has the CaM-binding ability. Sequence analysis of this fragment predicted a potential CaM-binding site in helix 2 and connected loops. A valine 254 to asparagine mutation in this region, which is analogous to the identified mutant allele of Fas in lpr mice that have a deficiency in Fas-mediated apoptosis, showed reduced CaM binding. Computer modeling of the interaction between CaM and helix 2 of the Fas DD predicted that amino acids, which are important for Fas-CaM binding, and point mutations of these amino acids caused reduced Fas-CaM binding. The interaction between Fas and CaM is increased approximately 2-fold early upon Fas activation (at 30 min) and is decreased to approximately 50% of control at 2 h. These findings suggest a novel function of CaM in Fas-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0007, USA
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Ahn EY, Pan G, Vickers SM, McDonald JM. IFN-gammaupregulates apoptosis-related molecules and enhances Fas-mediated apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2002; 100:445-51. [PMID: 12115528 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy with no effective therapy and a poor prognosis. Previously, we demonstrated that cultured human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines heterogeneously express Fas on their surface, resulting in 2 subpopulations, Fas-high and Fas-low cells. Fas-low cells are resistant to apoptosis induced by Fas antibody and the calmodulin antagonists tamoxifen and trifluoperazine and are tumorigenic in nude mice (Pan et al., Am J Pathol 1999;155:193-203). Here, we show that IFN-gamma enhances apoptosis in both Fas-high and Fas-low cells. IFN-gamma upregulates many apoptosis-related molecules, including Fas, caspase-3, caspase-4, caspase-7, caspase-8 and Bak, in both cell lines. Pretreatment with IFN-gamma facilitated Fas-mediated caspase cleavage, cytochrome c release and Bax translocation. The ability of IFN-gamma to inhibit tumorigenesis of Fas-low cells was demonstrated in nude mice. Intratumoral injection of IFN-gamma decreased tumor volumes by 78%. These findings indicate that IFN-gamma modulates the apoptotic pathway by upregulating apoptosis-related genes. This renders tumorigenic Fas-low cholangiocarcinoma cells nontumorigenic and sensitive to Fas apoptosis, thus representing a possible therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
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Vickers SM, Jhala NC, Ahn EY, McDonald JM, Pan G, Bland KI. Tamoxifen (TMX)/Fas induced growth inhibition of human cholangiocarcinoma (HCC) by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Ann Surg 2002; 235:872-8. [PMID: 12035045 PMCID: PMC1422518 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200206000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the response of human cholangoicarcinoma cells to TMX treatment through the Fas pathway by pretreatment with IFN-gamma. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Cholangiocarcinoma remains one of the most difficult tumors to treat in clinical medicine. Currently, there are no effective chemotherapy treatments for this disease. Surgery offers the only opportunity for a cure, with the majority of patients failing to qualify for such treatment. This study seeks to evaluate a potential new modality for treatment of this disease. METHODS Human cholangiocarcinoma cells were treated with anti Fas mab and sorted to two populations (Fas-positive and Fas-negative) by FAC analysis. In vitro individual cell populations were pretreated with IFN-gamma 250 units/mL x 18hs. The treated cells assayed for caspase 3, 7, 8, Bak, and for apoptosis with Annexin V after treatment with or without TMX. In Vivo 2 x 106 5 SK-ChA-1 Fas-negative cells were injected into nude mice for development of tumor xenografts. Mice received either no treatment or intra tumor IFN-gamma and/or intra peritoneal TMX. RESULTS More than 90% (90% +/- 3.5%) of Fas-positive and 70% (71 +/- 2.3%) of Fas-negative cells underwent apoptosis after TMX treatment when pretreated with IFN-gamma. In contrast, TMX alone and IFN-gamma alone stimulated apoptosis by only 22% (22 +/- 3%) P <.00013, and 17% (17 +/- 2%) P <.0001 in Fas-ve cells respectively. In vivo human cholangiocarcinomas xenograft growth was significantly inhibited by a combination of TMX + IFN-gamma compared to controls P <.0007. CONCLUSION TMX exposure to human cholangiocarcinoma after pretreatment with IFN-gamma allows for induction of apoptosis in vitro and significant inhibition tumor xenograft growth. The combination of these two compounds may provide novel treatment regimen for cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn M Vickers
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Veterans Administration Medical Center, USA.
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