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Schreiber F, Balas I, Robinson MJ, Bakdash G. Border Control: The Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Epithelial Barrier Function. Cells 2024; 13:477. [PMID: 38534321 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut mucosal epithelium is one of the largest organs in the body and plays a critical role in regulating the crosstalk between the resident microbiome and the host. To this effect, the tight control of what is permitted through this barrier is of high importance. There should be restricted passage of harmful microorganisms and antigens while at the same time allowing the absorption of nutrients and water. An increased gut permeability, or "leaky gut", has been associated with a variety of diseases ranging from infections, metabolic diseases, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases to neurological conditions. Several factors can affect gut permeability, including cytokines, dietary components, and the gut microbiome. Here, we discuss how the gut microbiome impacts the permeability of the gut epithelial barrier and how this can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes.
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Landesberger V, Grenzebach K, Schreiber F, Nowak D, Gröger M, Oppel E, Schaub B, French LE, Kutzora S, Quartucci C, Herr C, Heinze S. Conception and pilot testing of a self-management health application for patients with pollen-related allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma-the APOLLO app. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21568. [PMID: 38057347 PMCID: PMC10700582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that pollen information services are an important self-management tool for patients with pollen-related allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA). This study aimed to design an online application for patients with AR and AA, which supports patients to better manage their disease as well as to evaluate the app and present the first results of the pilot study. The pollen data were obtained from the electronic pollen information network of Bavaria, Germany. Participants were asked to fill in their allergy-related complaints in the app over a 60-day period. Subsequently, the app was evaluated. Indices and diagrams visualized the participants' individual complaints as well as the daily pollen concentration in the air. In order to motivate participants to complete the app on a daily basis, we used elements of gamification. Two thirds of the participants (N = 46) reported feeling better informed about pollen counts and their allergy when using the app. The app's simple and comprehensible design was rated positively. More than 80% of the participants would recommend the app to their family and friends. The app can be a tool for patients with AR and AA to better understand their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Landesberger
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich/Oberschleißheim/Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Grenzebach
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich/Oberschleißheim/Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Schreiber
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich/Oberschleißheim/Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - M Gröger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E Oppel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Schaub
- LMU Munich, University Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - L E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Kutzora
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich/Oberschleißheim/Erlangen, Germany.
| | - C Quartucci
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich/Oberschleißheim/Erlangen, Germany
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - C Herr
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich/Oberschleißheim/Erlangen, Germany
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - S Heinze
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich/Oberschleißheim/Erlangen, Germany
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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3
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Pfister M, Frantsev R, Schreiber F, Garz C, Perosa V, Assmann A, Düzel E, Butryn M, Glanz W, Vielhaber S, Schreiber S, John A. P 25 CSF biomarkers in CAA compared to AD. Clin Neurophysiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Empting E, Klopotek M, Hinderhofer A, Schreiber F, Oettel M. Erratum: Lattice gas study of thin-film growth scenarios and transitions between them: Role of substrate [Phys. Rev. E 103, 023302 (2021)]. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:049901. [PMID: 35590687 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.049901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.103.023302.
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5
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Empting E, Klopotek M, Hinderhofer A, Schreiber F, Oettel M. Lattice gas study of thin-film growth scenarios and transitions between them: Role of substrate. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:023302. [PMID: 33736115 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.023302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thin-film growth is investigated in two types of lattice gas models where substrate and film particles are different, expressed by unequal interaction energy parameters. The first is of solid-on-solid type, whereas the second additionally incorporates desorption, diffusion in the gas phase above the film and readsorption at the film (appropriate for growth in colloidal systems). In both models, the difference between particle-substrate and particle-particle interactions plays a central role for the evolution of the film morphology at intermediate times. The models exhibit a dynamic layering transition which occurs at generally lower substrate attraction strengths than the equilibrium layering transition. A second, flattening transition is found where initial island growth transforms to layer-by-layer growth at intermediate deposition times. Combined with the known roughening behavior in such models for very large deposition times, we present four global growth scenarios, charting out the possible types of roughness evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Empting
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Klopotek
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Hinderhofer
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Oettel
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Duva G, Pithan L, Gerlach A, Janik A, Hinderhofer A, Schreiber F. Roughness evolution in strongly interacting donor:acceptor mixtures of molecular semiconductors. An in situ, real-time growth study using x-ray reflectivity. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:115003. [PMID: 33285533 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abd11c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of surface roughness in binary mixtures of the two molecular organic semiconductors (OSCs) diindenoperylene (DIP) as electron-donor and 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8-hexafluoro-tetracyano naphthoquinodimethane (F6TCNNQ) as electron-acceptor is studied. We co-deposit DIP and F6TCNNQ in vacuum with varying relative molar content while keeping a molar excess of DIP in order to produce phase-heterogeneous mixtures. The excess DIP phase segregates in pristine crystallites, whereas the remaining mixed phase is constituted by DIP:F6TCNNQ co-crystallites. We calculate the surface roughness as function of film thickness by modelling x-ray reflectivity data acquired in situ and in real-time during film growth. To model the experimental data, two distinct approaches, namely the kinematic approximation and the Parratt formalism, are applied. A comparative study of surface roughness evolution as function of DIP:F6TCNNQ mixing ratio is carried out implementing the Trofimov growth model within the kinematic approximation. Depending on the thickness regime, mixing ratio-specific trends are identified and discussed. To explain them, a growth mechanism for binary heterogeneous mixtures of strongly interacting OSCs is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Duva
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Pithan
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Gerlach
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Janik
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Hinderhofer
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Schreiber
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Applied Physics, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interactions, Sensors and Analytics (LISA+), Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Duque-Correa MA, Schreiber F, Rodgers FH, Goulding D, Forrest S, White R, Buck A, Grencis RK, Berriman M. Development of caecaloids to study host-pathogen interactions: new insights into immunoregulatory functions of Trichuris muris extracellular vesicles in the caecum. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:707-718. [PMID: 32659277 PMCID: PMC7435689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Development of new methods to generate, culture and characterise mouse caecaloids is described. Caecaloids recapitulate the caecal epithelium composition and spatial organisation. Caecaloids can be used to study host–caecal pathogen interactions in vitro. Trichuris muris EVs exert novel immunoregulatory effects on intestinal epithelial cells.
The caecum, an intestinal appendage in the junction of the small and large intestines, displays a unique epithelium that serves as an exclusive niche for a range of pathogens including whipworms (Trichuris spp.). While protocols to grow organoids from small intestine (enteroids) and colon (colonoids) exist, the conditions to culture organoids from the caecum have yet to be described. Here, we report methods to grow, differentiate and characterise mouse adult stem cell-derived caecal organoids, termed caecaloids. We compare the cellular composition of caecaloids with that of enteroids, identifying differences in intestinal epithelial cell populations that mimic those found in the caecum and small intestine. The remarkable similarity in the intestinal epithelial cell composition and spatial conformation of caecaloids and their tissue of origin enables their use as an in vitro model to study host interactions with important caecal pathogens. Thus, exploiting this system, we investigated the responses of caecal intestinal epithelial cells to extracellular vesicles secreted/excreted by the intracellular helminth Trichuris muris. Our findings reveal novel immunoregulatory effects of whipworm extracellular vesicles on the caecal epithelium, including the downregulation of responses to nucleic acid recognition and type-I interferon signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faye H Rodgers
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David Goulding
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sally Forrest
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ruby White
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Amy Buck
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Richard K Grencis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
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8
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Pietsch F, O'Neill AJ, Ivask A, Jenssen H, Inkinen J, Kahru A, Ahonen M, Schreiber F. Selection of resistance by antimicrobial coatings in the healthcare setting. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:115-125. [PMID: 32535196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial touch surfaces have been introduced in healthcare settings with the aim of supporting existing hygiene procedures, and to help combat the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance. However, concerns have been raised over the potential selection pressure exerted by such surfaces, which may drive the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. This review highlights studies that indicate risks associated with resistance on antimicrobial surfaces by different processes, including evolution by de-novo mutation and horizontal gene transfer, and species sorting of inherently resistant bacteria dispersed on to antimicrobial surfaces. The review focuses on antimicrobial surfaces made of copper, silver and antimicrobial peptides because of the practical application of copper and silver, and the promising characteristics of antimicrobial peptides. The available data point to a potential for resistance selection and a subsequent increase in resistant strains via cross-resistance and co-resistance conferred by metal and antibiotic resistance traits. However, translational studies describing the development of resistance to antimicrobial touch surfaces in healthcare-related environments are rare, and will be needed to assess whether and how antimicrobial surfaces lead to resistance selection in these settings. Such studies will need to consider numerous variables, including the antimicrobial concentrations present in coatings, the occurrence of biofilms on surfaces, and the humidity relevant to dry-surface environments. On-site tests on the efficacy of antimicrobial coatings should routinely evaluate the risk of selection associated with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pietsch
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Department of Materials and Environment, Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Berlin, Germany
| | - A J O'Neill
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Ivask
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - H Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - J Inkinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - M Ahonen
- Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Technology, WANDER Nordic Water and Materials Institute, Rauma, Finland.
| | - F Schreiber
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Department of Materials and Environment, Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Dietz A, Wichmann G, Kuhnt T, Pfreundner L, Hagen R, Scheich M, Kölbl O, Hautmann MG, Strutz J, Schreiber F, Bockmühl U, Schilling V, Feyer P, de Wit M, Maschmeyer G, Jungehülsing M, Schroeder U, Wollenberg B, Sittel C, Münter M, Lenarz T, Klussmann JP, Guntinas-Lichius O, Rudack C, Eich HT, Foerg T, Preyer S, Westhofen M, Welkoborsky HJ, Esser D, Thurnher D, Remmert S, Sudhoff H, Görner M, Bünzel J, Budach V, Held S, Knödler M, Lordick F, Wiegand S, Vogel K, Boehm A, Flentje M, Keilholz U. Induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by radiotherapy (RT) versus cetuximab plus IC and RT in advanced laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancer resectable only by total laryngectomy-final results of the larynx organ preservation trial DeLOS-II. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:2105-2114. [PMID: 30412221 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The German multicenter randomized phase II larynx organ preservation (LOP) trial DeLOS-II was carried out to prove the hypothesis that cetuximab (E) added to induction chemotherapy (IC) and radiotherapy improves laryngectomy-free survival (LFS; survival with preserved larynx) in locally advanced laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancer (LHSCC). Patients and methods Treatment-naïve patients with stage III/IV LHSCC amenable to total laryngectomy (TL) were randomized to three cycles IC with TPF [docetaxel (T) and cisplatin (P) 75 mg/m2/day 1, 5-FU (F) 750 mg/m2/day days 1-5] followed by radiotherapy (69.6 Gy) without (A) or with (B) standard dose cetuximab for 16 weeks throughout IC and radiotherapy (TPFE). Response to first IC-cycle (IC-1) with ≥30% endoscopically estimated tumor surface shrinkage (ETSS) was used to define early responders; early salvage TL was recommended to non-responders. The primary objective was 24 months LFS above 35% in arm B. Results Of 180 patients randomized (July 2007 to September 2012), 173 fulfilled eligibility criteria (A/B: larynx 44/42, hypopharynx 41/46). Because of 4 therapy-related deaths among the first 64 randomized patients, 5-FU was omitted from IC in the subsequent 112 patients reducing further fatal toxicities. Thus, IC was TPF in 61 patients and TP in 112 patients, respectively. The primary objective (24 months LFS above 35%) was equally met by arms A (40/85, 47.1%) as well as B (41/88, 46.6%). One hundred and twenty-three early responders completed IC+RT; their overall response rates (TPF/TP) were 94.7%/87.2% in A versus 80%/86.0% in B. The 24 months overall survival (OS) rates were 68.2% and 69.3%. Conclusions Despite being accompanied by an elevated frequency in adverse events, the IC with TPF/TP plus cetuximab was feasible but showed no superiority to IC with TPF/TP regarding LFS and OS at 24 months. Both early response and 24 months LFS compare very well to previous LOP trials and recommend effective treatment selection and stratification by ETSS. Clinical trial information NCT00508664.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dietz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - G Wichmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Kuhnt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - L Pfreundner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - R Hagen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Scheich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - O Kölbl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M G Hautmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Strutz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Schreiber
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - U Bockmühl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - V Schilling
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Vivantes, Berlin, Neukölln, Germany
| | - P Feyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vivantes, Berlin, Neukölln, Germany
| | - M de Wit
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Vivantes, Berlin, Neukölln, Germany
| | - G Maschmeyer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Jungehülsing
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Potsdam Klinikum, Potsdam, Germany
| | - U Schroeder
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - B Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Sittel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Katharinen Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Münter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Katharinen Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MHH Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - J P Klussmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - O Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - C Rudack
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - H T Eich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - T Foerg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Vincentius, ViDia Christliche Kliniken Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Preyer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Vincentius, ViDia Christliche Kliniken Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Westhofen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - H J Welkoborsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Nordstadt, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Esser
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Helios Klinikum, Erfurt, Germany
| | - D Thurnher
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Remmert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Malteser Hospital Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - H Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - M Görner
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - J Bünzel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany
| | - V Budach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CCC, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Held
- ClinAssess GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - M Knödler
- Department of Oncology, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Lordick
- Department of Oncology, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Wiegand
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Vogel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Boehm
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Georg Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - U Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Dunstan RA, Pickard D, Dougan S, Goulding D, Cormie C, Hardy J, Li F, Grinter R, Harcourt K, Yu L, Song J, Schreiber F, Choudhary J, Clare S, Coulibaly F, Strugnell RA, Dougan G, Lithgow T. The flagellotropic bacteriophage YSD1 targets Salmonella Typhi with a Chi-like protein tail fibre. Mol Microbiol 2019; 112:1831-1846. [PMID: 31556164 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a Salmonella-targeting phage from the waterways of the United Kingdom provided an opportunity to address the mechanism by which Chi-like bacteriophage (phage) engages with bacterial flagellae. The long tail fibre seen on Chi-like phages has been proposed to assist the phage particle in docking to a host cell flagellum, but the identity of the protein that generates this fibre was unknown. We present the results from genome sequencing of this phage, YSD1, confirming its close relationship to the original Chi phage and suggesting candidate proteins to form the tail structure. Immunogold labelling in electron micrographs revealed that YSD1_22 forms the main shaft of the tail tube, while YSD1_25 forms the distal part contributing to the tail spike complex. The long curling tail fibre is formed by the protein YSD1_29, and treatment of phage with the antibodies that bind YSD1_29 inhibits phage infection of Salmonella. The host range for YSD1 across Salmonella serovars is broad, but not comprehensive, being limited by antigenic features of the flagellin subunits that make up the Salmonella flagellum, with which YSD1_29 engages to initiate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys A Dunstan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Derek Pickard
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David Goulding
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Claire Cormie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Joshua Hardy
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Fuyi Li
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Rhys Grinter
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Lu Yu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jiangning Song
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Jyoti Choudhary
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Fasseli Coulibaly
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Richard A Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
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11
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Blohmke CJ, Muller J, Gibani MM, Dobinson H, Shrestha S, Perinparajah S, Jin C, Hughes H, Blackwell L, Dongol S, Karkey A, Schreiber F, Pickard D, Basnyat B, Dougan G, Baker S, Pollard AJ, Darton TC. Diagnostic host gene signature for distinguishing enteric fever from other febrile diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10431. [PMID: 31468702 PMCID: PMC6783646 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Misdiagnosis of enteric fever is a major global health problem, resulting in patient mismanagement, antimicrobial misuse and inaccurate disease burden estimates. Applying a machine learning algorithm to host gene expression profiles, we identified a diagnostic signature, which could distinguish culture-confirmed enteric fever cases from other febrile illnesses (area under receiver operating characteristic curve > 95%). Applying this signature to a culture-negative suspected enteric fever cohort in Nepal identified a further 12.6% as likely true cases. Our analysis highlights the power of data-driven approaches to identify host response patterns for the diagnosis of febrile illnesses. Expression signatures were validated using qPCR, highlighting their utility as PCR-based diagnostics for use in endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Blohmke
- Department of PaediatricsCentre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical MedicineOxford Vaccine GroupOxfordUK
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Malick M Gibani
- Department of PaediatricsCentre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical MedicineOxford Vaccine GroupOxfordUK
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Hazel Dobinson
- Department of PaediatricsCentre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical MedicineOxford Vaccine GroupOxfordUK
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sonu Shrestha
- Department of PaediatricsCentre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical MedicineOxford Vaccine GroupOxfordUK
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Soumya Perinparajah
- Department of PaediatricsCentre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical MedicineOxford Vaccine GroupOxfordUK
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Celina Jin
- Department of PaediatricsCentre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical MedicineOxford Vaccine GroupOxfordUK
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Harri Hughes
- Department of PaediatricsCentre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical MedicineOxford Vaccine GroupOxfordUK
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Luke Blackwell
- Department of PaediatricsCentre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical MedicineOxford Vaccine GroupOxfordUK
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sabina Dongol
- Patan Academy of Healthy SciencesOxford University Clinical Research UnitKathmanduNepal
| | - Abhilasha Karkey
- Patan Academy of Healthy SciencesOxford University Clinical Research UnitKathmanduNepal
| | | | - Derek Pickard
- Infection Genomics ProgramThe Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
| | - Buddha Basnyat
- Patan Academy of Healthy SciencesOxford University Clinical Research UnitKathmanduNepal
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Infection Genomics ProgramThe Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
| | - Stephen Baker
- The Hospital for Tropical DiseasesWellcome Trust Major Overseas ProgrammeOxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Department of PaediatricsCentre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical MedicineOxford Vaccine GroupOxfordUK
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Thomas C Darton
- Department of PaediatricsCentre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical MedicineOxford Vaccine GroupOxfordUK
- Oxford National Institute of Health Research Biomedical CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- The Hospital for Tropical DiseasesWellcome Trust Major Overseas ProgrammeOxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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12
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Schreiber S, Wilisch-Neumann A, Schreiber F, Assmann A, Scheumann V, Perosa V, Jandke S, Mawrin C, Carare RO, Werring DJ. Invited Review: The spectrum of age-related small vessel diseases: potential overlap and interactions of amyloid and nonamyloid vasculopathies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 46:219-239. [PMID: 31386773 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deep perforator arteriopathy (DPA) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are the commonest known cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD), which cause ischaemic stroke, intracebral haemorrhage (ICH) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). While thus far mainly considered as separate entities, we here propose that DPA and CAA share similarities, overlap and interact, so that 'pure' DPA or CAA are extremes along a continuum of age-related small vessel pathologies. We suggest blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, endothelial damage and impaired perivascular β-amyloid (Aβ) drainage are hallmark common mechanisms connecting DPA and CAA. We also suggest a need for new biomarkers (e.g. high-resolution imaging) to deepen understanding of the complex relationships between DPA and CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schreiber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for behavioral brain sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Wilisch-Neumann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - F Schreiber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Assmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - V Scheumann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - V Perosa
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Jandke
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - C Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R O Carare
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - D J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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13
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Bleibel J, Habiger M, Lütje M, Hirschmann F, Roosen-Runge F, Seydel T, Zhang F, Schreiber F, Oettel M. Two time scales for self and collective diffusion near the critical point in a simple patchy model for proteins with floating bonds. Soft Matter 2018; 14:8006-8016. [PMID: 30187060 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00599k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using dynamic Monte Carlo and Brownian dynamics, we investigate a floating bond model in which particles can bind through mobile bonds. The maximum number of bonds (here fixed to 4) can be tuned by appropriately choosing the repulsive, nonadditive interactions among bonds and particles. We compute the static and dynamic structure factor (intermediate scattering function) in the vicinity of the gas-liquid critical point. The static structure exhibits a weak tetrahedral network character. The intermediate scattering function shows a temporal decay deviating from a single exponential, which can be described by a double exponential decay where the two time scales differ approximately by one order of magnitude. This time scale separation is robust over a range of wave numbers. The analysis of clusters in real space indicates the formation of noncompact clusters and shows a considerable stretch in the instantaneous size distribution when approaching the critical point. The average time evolution of the largest subcluster of given initial clusters with 10 or more particles also shows a double exponential decay. The observation of two time scales in the intermediate scattering function at low packing fractions is consistent with similar findings in globular protein solutions with trivalent metal ions that act as bonds between proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bleibel
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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14
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Forbester JL, Lees EA, Goulding D, Forrest S, Yeung A, Speak A, Clare S, Coomber EL, Mukhopadhyay S, Kraiczy J, Schreiber F, Lawley TD, Hancock REW, Uhlig HH, Zilbauer M, Powrie F, Dougan G. Interleukin-22 promotes phagolysosomal fusion to induce protection against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in human epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10118-10123. [PMID: 30217896 PMCID: PMC6176607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811866115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a key role in regulating immune responses and controlling infection. However, the direct role of IECs in restricting pathogens remains incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence that IL-22 primed intestinal organoids derived from healthy human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) to restrict Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 infection. A combination of transcriptomics, bacterial invasion assays, and imaging suggests that IL-22-induced antimicrobial activity is driven by increased phagolysosomal fusion in IL-22-pretreated cells. The antimicrobial phenotype was absent in hIPSCs derived from a patient harboring a homozygous mutation in the IL10RB gene that inactivates the IL-22 receptor but was restored by genetically complementing the IL10RB deficiency. This study highlights a mechanism through which the IL-22 pathway facilitates the human intestinal epithelium to control microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Forbester
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom;
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Emily A Lees
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - David Goulding
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Forrest
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Yeung
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Anneliese Speak
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Eve L Coomber
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Judith Kraiczy
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Schreiber
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor D Lawley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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15
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Schreiber S, Schreiber F, Garz C, Debska-Vielhaber G, Machts J, Dengler R, Petri S, Nestor P, Vielhaber S. P38. Longitudinal sonographic alterations of the peripheral nerve structure in ALS. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Perosa V, Schreiber S, Düzel E, Assmann A, Bittner D, Schreiber F, Acosta-Cabronero J. FV4. Comparing whole-brain susceptibility patterns in patients with Alzheimers disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A QSM study. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Assmann A, Scheumann V, Ludwig A, Garz C, Perosa V, Schreiber F, Heinze H, Görtler M, Düzel E, Vielhaber S, Schreiber S. P98. CSF NFL – A new biomarker for neurodegeneration in CSVD? Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Zimmermann M, Escrig S, Lavik G, Kuypers MMM, Meibom A, Ackermann M, Schreiber F. Substrate and electron donor limitation induce phenotypic heterogeneity in different metabolic activities in a green sulphur bacterium. Environ Microbiol Rep 2018; 10:179-183. [PMID: 29393582 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Populations of genetically identical cells can display marked variation in phenotypic traits; such variation is termed phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we investigate the effect of substrate and electron donor limitation on phenotypic heterogeneity in N2 and CO2 fixation in the green sulphur bacterium Chlorobium phaeobacteroides. We grew populations in chemostats and batch cultures and used stable isotope labelling combined with nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to quantify phenotypic heterogeneity. Experiments in H2 S (i.e. electron donor) limited chemostats show that varying levels of NH4+ limitation induce heterogeneity in N2 fixation. Comparison of phenotypic heterogeneity between chemostats and batch (unlimited for H2 S) populations indicates that electron donor limitation drives heterogeneity in N2 and CO2 fixation. Our results demonstrate that phenotypic heterogeneity in a certain metabolic activity can be driven by different modes of limitation and that heterogeneity can emerge in different metabolic processes upon the same mode of limitation. In conclusion, our data suggest that limitation is a general driver of phenotypic heterogeneity in microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zimmermann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - S Escrig
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Lavik
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - M M M Kuypers
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - A Meibom
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Advanced Surface Analysis, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Ackermann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - F Schreiber
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Division Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Department of Materials and Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
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19
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Broch K, Dieterle J, Branchi F, Hestand NJ, Olivier Y, Tamura H, Cruz C, Nichols VM, Hinderhofer A, Beljonne D, Spano FC, Cerullo G, Bardeen CJ, Schreiber F. Robust singlet fission in pentacene thin films with tuned charge transfer interactions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:954. [PMID: 29507287 PMCID: PMC5838205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission, the spin-allowed photophysical process converting an excited singlet state into two triplet states, has attracted significant attention for device applications. Research so far has focused mainly on the understanding of singlet fission in pure materials, yet blends offer the promise of a controlled tuning of intermolecular interactions, impacting singlet fission efficiencies. Here we report a study of singlet fission in mixtures of pentacene with weakly interacting spacer molecules. Comparison of experimentally determined stationary optical properties and theoretical calculations indicates a reduction of charge-transfer interactions between pentacene molecules with increasing spacer molecule fraction. Theory predicts that the reduced interactions slow down singlet fission in these blends, but surprisingly we find that singlet fission occurs on a timescale comparable to that in pure crystalline pentacene. We explain the observed robustness of singlet fission in such mixed films by a mechanism of exciton diffusion to hot spots with closer intermolecular spacings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Broch
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Light Matter Interactions, Sensors and Analytics, LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - J Dieterle
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Light Matter Interactions, Sensors and Analytics, LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Branchi
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - N J Hestand
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Y Olivier
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - H Tamura
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - C Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, 501 Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - V M Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, 501 Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - A Hinderhofer
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Light Matter Interactions, Sensors and Analytics, LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - F C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - G Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - C J Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, 501 Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - F Schreiber
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Light Matter Interactions, Sensors and Analytics, LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Ramschak H, Schreiber F, Stark G, Pabst E, Pilger E, Brodmann M. Venous Thrombosis after Extracorporeal Shock-wave Lithotripsy in a Patient with Heterozygous APC-Resistance. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Hofmann OT, Glowatzki H, Bürker C, Rangger GM, Bröker B, Niederhausen J, Hosokai T, Salzmann I, Blum RP, Rieger R, Vollmer A, Rajput P, Gerlach A, Müllen K, Schreiber F, Zojer E, Koch N, Duhm S. Orientation-Dependent Work-Function Modification Using Substituted Pyrene-Based Acceptors. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2017; 121:24657-24668. [PMID: 29152034 PMCID: PMC5682610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of molecular acceptors is a viable method for tuning the work function of metal electrodes. This, in turn, enables adjusting charge injection barriers between the electrode and organic semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate the potential of pyrene-tetraone (PyT) and its derivatives dibromopyrene-tetraone (Br-PyT) and dinitropyrene-tetraone (NO2-PyT) for modifying the electronic properties of Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces. The systems are investigated by complementary theoretical and experimental approaches, including photoelectron spectroscopy, the X-ray standing wave technique, and density functional theory simulations. For some of the investigated interfaces the trends expected for Fermi-level pinning are observed, i.e., an increase of the metal work function along with increasing molecular electron affinity and the same work function for Au and Ag with monolayer acceptor coverage. Substantial deviations are, however, found for Br-PyT/Ag(111) and NO2-PyT/Ag(111), where in the latter case an adsorption-induced work function increase of as much as 1.6 eV is observed. This behavior is explained as arising from a face-on to edge-on reorientation of molecules in the monolayer. Our calculations show that for an edge-on orientation much larger work-function changes can be expected despite the prevalence of Fermi-level pinning. This is primarily ascribed to a change of the electron affinity of the adsorbate layer that results from a change of the molecular orientation. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of how changing the molecular electron affinity as well as the adsorbate structure impacts the electronic properties of electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. T. Hofmann
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- E-mail:
| | - H. Glowatzki
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Bürker
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - G. M. Rangger
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - B. Bröker
- Institut
für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12389 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Niederhausen
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Hosokai
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - I. Salzmann
- Institut
für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12389 Berlin, Germany
- The
Institute of Solid State Physics, The University
of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha
5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - R.-P. Blum
- Institut
für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12389 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Rieger
- Max Planck
Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Vollmer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Rajput
- Atomic
& Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - A. Gerlach
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - K. Müllen
- Max Planck
Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, Mainz, Germany
| | - F. Schreiber
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - E. Zojer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - N. Koch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12389 Berlin, Germany
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
and Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - S. Duhm
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
and Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
- E-mail:
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22
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Blohmke CJ, Hill J, Darton TC, Carvalho-Burger M, Eustace A, Jones C, Schreiber F, Goodier MR, Dougan G, Nakaya HI, Pollard AJ. Induction of Cell Cycle and NK Cell Responses by Live-Attenuated Oral Vaccines against Typhoid Fever. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1276. [PMID: 29075261 PMCID: PMC5643418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which oral, live-attenuated vaccines protect against typhoid fever are poorly understood. Here, we analyze transcriptional responses after vaccination with Ty21a or vaccine candidate, M01ZH09. Alterations in response profiles were related to vaccine-induced immune responses and subsequent outcome after wild-type Salmonella Typhi challenge. Despite broad genetic similarity, we detected differences in transcriptional responses to each vaccine. Seven days after M01ZH09 vaccination, marked cell cycle activation was identified and associated with humoral immunogenicity. By contrast, vaccination with Ty21a was associated with NK cell activity and validated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell stimulation assays confirming superior induction of an NK cell response. Moreover, transcriptional signatures of amino acid metabolism in Ty21a recipients were associated with protection against infection, including increased incubation time and decreased severity. Our data provide detailed insight into molecular immune responses to typhoid vaccines, which could aid the rational design of improved oral, live-attenuated vaccines against enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Blohmke
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Hill
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C Darton
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Eustace
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Jones
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Schreiber
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Goodier
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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23
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Oshota O, Conway M, Fookes M, Schreiber F, Chaudhuri RR, Yu L, Morgan FJE, Clare S, Choudhary J, Thomson NR, Lio P, Maskell DJ, Mastroeni P, Grant AJ. Transcriptome and proteome analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium systemic infection of wild type and immune-deficient mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181365. [PMID: 28796780 PMCID: PMC5552096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica are a threat to public health. Current vaccines are not fully effective. The ability to grow in infected tissues within phagocytes is required for S. enterica virulence in systemic disease. As the infection progresses the bacteria are exposed to a complex host immune response. Consequently, in order to continue growing in the tissues, S. enterica requires the coordinated regulation of fitness genes. Bacterial gene regulation has so far been investigated largely using exposure to artificial environmental conditions or to in vitro cultured cells, and little information is available on how S. enterica adapts in vivo to sustain cell division and survival. We have studied the transcriptome, proteome and metabolic flux of Salmonella, and the transcriptome of the host during infection of wild type C57BL/6 and immune-deficient gp91-/-phox mice. Our analyses advance the understanding of how S. enterica and the host behaves during infection to a more sophisticated level than has previously been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun Oshota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Max Conway
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Fookes
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Schreiber
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roy R. Chaudhuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Yu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona J. E. Morgan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jyoti Choudhary
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Thomson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Lio
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan J. Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Mastroeni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Grant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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24
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Klopotek M, Hansen-Goos H, Dixit M, Schilling T, Schreiber F, Oettel M. Monolayers of hard rods on planar substrates. II. Growth. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:084903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Klopotek
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - H. Hansen-Goos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Dixit
- Theory of Soft Condensed Matter, Physics and Materials Sciences Research Unit, Université du Luxembourg L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - T. Schilling
- Theory of Soft Condensed Matter, Physics and Materials Sciences Research Unit, Université du Luxembourg L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - F. Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Oettel
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Lorch C, Novák J, Banerjee R, Weimer S, Dieterle J, Frank C, Hinderhofer A, Gerlach A, Carla F, Schreiber F. Influence of C60 co-deposition on the growth kinetics of diindenoperylene–From rapid roughening to layer-by-layer growth in blended organic films. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:052807. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Lorch
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J. Novák
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R. Banerjee
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - S. Weimer
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J. Dieterle
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C. Frank
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A. Hinderhofer
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A. Gerlach
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - F. Carla
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - F. Schreiber
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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26
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Kleppmann N, Schreiber F, Klapp SHL. Limits of size scalability of diffusion and growth: Atoms versus molecules versus colloids. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:020801. [PMID: 28297845 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.020801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding fundamental growth processes is key to the control of nonequilibrium structure formation for a wide range of materials on all length scales, from atomic to molecular and even colloidal systems. While atomic systems are relatively well studied, molecular and colloidal growth are currently moving more into the focus. This poses the question to what extent growth laws are size scalable between different material systems. We study this question by analyzing the potential energy landscape and performing kinetic Monte Carlo simulations for three representative systems. While submonolayer (island) growth is found to be essentially scalable, we find marked differences when moving into the third (vertical) dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kleppmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S H L Klapp
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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27
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André A, Theurer C, Lauth J, Maiti S, Hodas M, Samadi Khoshkhoo M, Kinge S, Meixner AJ, Schreiber F, Siebbeles LDA, Braun K, Scheele M. Structure, transport and photoconductance of PbS quantum dot monolayers functionalized with a copper phthalocyanine derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1700-1703. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We simultaneously surface-functionalize PbS nanocrystals with Cu 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-tetraaminophthalocyanine and assemble this hybrid material into macroscopic monolayers.
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28
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Blohmke CJ, Darton TC, Jones C, Suarez NM, Waddington CS, Angus B, Zhou L, Hill J, Clare S, Kane L, Mukhopadhyay S, Schreiber F, Duque-Correa MA, Wright JC, Roumeliotis TI, Yu L, Choudhary JS, Mejias A, Ramilo O, Shanyinde M, Sztein MB, Kingsley RA, Lockhart S, Levine MM, Lynn DJ, Dougan G, Pollard AJ. Interferon-driven alterations of the host's amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1061-77. [PMID: 27217537 PMCID: PMC4886356 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is an important public health problem in resource-limited settings and, despite decades of research, human responses to the infection are poorly understood. In 41 healthy adults experimentally infected with wild-type S. Typhi, we detected significant cytokine responses within 12 h of bacterial ingestion. These early responses did not correlate with subsequent clinical disease outcomes and likely indicate initial host-pathogen interactions in the gut mucosa. In participants developing enteric fever after oral infection, marked transcriptional and cytokine responses during acute disease reflected dominant type I/II interferon signatures, which were significantly associated with bacteremia. Using a murine and macrophage infection model, we validated the pivotal role of this response in the expression of proteins of the host tryptophan metabolism during Salmonella infection. Corresponding alterations in tryptophan catabolites with immunomodulatory properties in serum of participants with typhoid fever confirmed the activity of this pathway, and implicate a central role of host tryptophan metabolism in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J. Blohmke
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, England, UK
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, England, UK
| | - Claire Jones
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, England, UK
| | - Nicolas M. Suarez
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Claire S. Waddington
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, England, UK
| | - Brian Angus
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, England, UK
| | - Jennifer Hill
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - Simon Clare
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - Leanne Kane
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - Subhankar Mukhopadhyay
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - Fernanda Schreiber
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - Maria A. Duque-Correa
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - James C. Wright
- Proteomic Mass Spectrometry, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | | | - Lu Yu
- Proteomic Mass Spectrometry, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - Jyoti S. Choudhary
- Proteomic Mass Spectrometry, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Milensu Shanyinde
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 2JD, England, UK
| | - Marcelo B. Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Robert A. Kingsley
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - Stephen Lockhart
- Emergent Product Development UK, Emergent BioSolutions, Wokingham RG41 5TU, England, UK
| | - Myron M. Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - David J. Lynn
- EMBL Australia Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia,School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - Andrew J. Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, England, UK
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29
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Schreiber F, Arasteh JM, Lawley TD. Pathogen Resistance Mediated by IL-22 Signaling at the Epithelial-Microbiota Interface. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3676-82. [PMID: 26497621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal colonization resistance to bacterial pathogens is generally associated, among other factors, with mucosal homeostasis that preserves the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Mucosal homeostasis depends on physical and molecular interactions between three components: the resident microbiota, the epithelial layer and the local immune system. The cytokine IL-22 helps to orchestrate this three-way interaction. IL-22 is produced by immune cells present beneath the epithelium and is induced by bacteria present in the intestine. IL-22 stimulates the epithelial cells via the IL-22RA1-IL-10R2 receptor complex inducing changes in the expression of genes involved in the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity, with a variety of functions in pathogen resistance such as mucus layer modifications and hydration, tight junction fortification and the production of a broad range of bactericidal compounds. These mechanisms of pathogen resistance, in turn, affect the microbiota composition and create an environment that excludes pathogens. Here we highlight the role of IL-22 as key mediator in the give-and-take relationship between the microbiota and the host that impacts pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Schreiber
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Julia Maryam Arasteh
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Trevor D Lawley
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
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30
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Kristo I, Schoppmann S, Riegler M, Püspök A, Emmanuel K, Spaun G, Wrba F, Wenzl E, Schöfl R, Schreiber F, Häfner M, Madl C. Austrian expert panel recommendation for radiofrequency ablation of Barrett’s esophagus. Eur Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-015-0362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Wurm S, Schreiber F, Spindelboeck W. Mefenamic acid: A possible cause of drug-induced acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2015; 15:570-572. [PMID: 26347329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) is rare, but as there are no systematic data on it, the true incidence is not known. CASE REPORT This case report is a first description of two episodes of AP occurring after administration and subsequent re-administration of mefenamic acid to a young woman without comorbidities. Other common causes of AP could be ruled out. With both episodes, the latency of AP was less than 24 h after drug intake. CONCLUSION Mefenamic acid should be considered as a possible cause of drug-induced AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wurm
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - F Schreiber
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - W Spindelboeck
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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32
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Anger F, Scholz R, Gerlach A, Schreiber F. Vibrational modes and changing molecular conformation of perfluororubrene in thin films and solution. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:224703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4922052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Anger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R. Scholz
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Gerlach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - F. Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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33
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Abstract
Materials to devices: coupled organic–inorganic nanostructures provide versatile perspectives for quantum dot-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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34
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Bommel S, Kleppmann N, Weber C, Spranger H, Schäfer P, Novak J, Roth S, Schreiber F, Klapp S, Kowarik S. Unravelling the multilayer growth of the fullerene C60 in real time. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5388. [PMID: 25369851 PMCID: PMC4272254 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular semiconductors are increasingly used in devices, but understanding of elementary nanoscopic processes in molecular film growth is in its infancy. Here we use real-time in situ specular and diffuse X-ray scattering in combination with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to study C60 nucleation and multilayer growth. We determine a self-consistent set of energy parameters describing both intra- and interlayer diffusion processes in C60 growth. This approach yields an effective Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier of EES=110 meV, diffusion barrier of ED=540 meV and binding energy of EB=130 meV. Analysing the particle-resolved dynamics, we find that the lateral diffusion is similar to colloids, but characterized by an atom-like Schwoebel barrier. Our results contribute to a fundamental understanding of molecular growth processes in a system, which forms an important intermediate case between atoms and colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bommel
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu
Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489
Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse
85, 22607
Hamburg, Germany
| | - N. Kleppmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität
Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623
Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Weber
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu
Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489
Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Spranger
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu
Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489
Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Schäfer
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu
Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489
Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Novak
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität
Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
| | - S.V. Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse
85, 22607
Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität
Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
| | - S.H.L. Klapp
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität
Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623
Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Kowarik
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu
Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489
Berlin, Germany
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35
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Bohlsen D, Kalmar P, Schreiber F, Portugaller RH. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in biloma--a rendezvous procedure. Endoscopy 2014; 45 Suppl 2 UCTN:E292-3. [PMID: 24008472 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1344573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Bohlsen
- Department of Radiology, LKH University Clinic, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
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36
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Broch K, Gerlach A, Lorch C, Dieterle J, Novák J, Hinderhofer A, Schreiber F. Structure formation in perfluoropentacene:diindenoperylene blends and its impact on transient effects in the optical properties studied in real-time during growth. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:174709. [PMID: 24206324 DOI: 10.1063/1.4827868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Broch
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Angewandte Physik and LISA+, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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37
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Banerjee R, Novák J, Frank C, Lorch C, Hinderhofer A, Gerlach A, Schreiber F. Evidence for kinetically limited thickness dependent phase separation in organic thin film blends. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:185506. [PMID: 23683219 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.185506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present depth-resolved grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, grazing incidence small angle scattering and x-ray reflectivity studies on the structure of mixed C(60) and diindinoperylene (DIP) films as a function of the mixing ratio. We observe enhanced out-of-plane order and smoothing of the mixed films compared to pure films upon coevaporation of DIP:C(60) thin films (in different mixing ratio) which otherwise phase separate. The mixing ratio of molecules can be tuned to alter the in-plane crystallite size as well as the interisland distances of the mixing molecules. Real-time in situ grazing incidence x-ray diffraction measurements show the kinetics and thickness dependence of phase separation, which appears to proceed only after a certain thickness. The crystallite grain size of the individual phase separated components is significantly larger at the top of the film than at the bottom with implications for the understanding of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Banerjee
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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38
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Durchschein F, Schreiber F. Cholelithiasis in a patient with an anatomical variation of the cystic duct. Endoscopy 2013; 44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E280-1. [PMID: 22933255 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1309921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Durchschein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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39
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Aufderheide A, Broch K, Novák J, Hinderhofer A, Nervo R, Gerlach A, Banerjee R, Schreiber F. Mixing-induced anisotropic correlations in molecular crystalline systems. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:156102. [PMID: 23102338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.156102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the structure of mixed thin films composed of pentacene and diindenoperylene using x-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. For equimolar mixtures we observe vanishing in-plane order coexisting with an excellent out-of-plane order, a yet unreported disordering behavior in binary mixtures of organic semiconductors, which are crystalline in their pure form. One approach to rationalize our findings is to introduce an anisotropic interaction parameter in the framework of a mean field model. By comparing the structural properties with those of other mixed systems, we discuss the effects of sterical compatibility and chemical composition on the mixing behavior, which adds to the general understanding of interactions in molecular mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aufderheide
- Universität Tübingen, Insitut für Angewandte Physik, Tübingen, Germany
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40
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Masoudi-Nejad A, Schreiber F, Kashani Z. Building blocks of biological networks: a review on major network motif discovery algorithms. IET Syst Biol 2012; 6:164-74. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2011.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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41
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Weber C, Frank C, Bommel S, Rukat T, Leitenberger W, Schäfer P, Schreiber F, Kowarik S. Chain-length dependent growth dynamics of n-alkanes on silica investigated by energy-dispersive x-ray reflectivity in situ and in real-time. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:204709. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4719530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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42
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Hinderhofer A, Frank C, Hosokai T, Resta A, Gerlach A, Schreiber F. Structure and morphology of coevaporated pentacene-perfluoropentacene thin films. J Chem Phys 2012; 134:104702. [PMID: 21405179 DOI: 10.1063/1.3557476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural properties of coevaporated thin films of pentacene (PEN) and perfluoropentacene (PFP) on SiO(2) were studied using x-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. Reciprocal space maps of the coevaporated thin films with different volume fractions reveal the coexistence of two different molecular mixed PEN-PFP phases together with the pure PEN and PFP crystallites. The crystal structure of PEN:PFP blends does not change continuously with volume fraction, instead the proportion of the appropriate phases changes, as seen from the diffraction analysis. Additional temperature dependent experiments reveal that the fraction of the two mixed PEN-PFP phases varies with growth temperature. The λ-phase (molecular plane parallel to the substrate) is metastable and induced by low growth temperature. The σ-phase (molecular plane nearly perpendicular to the substrate) is thermally stable and nucleates predominantly at high growth temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hinderhofer
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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43
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Anger F, Ossó JO, Heinemeyer U, Broch K, Scholz R, Gerlach A, Schreiber F. Photoluminescence spectroscopy of pure pentacene, perfluoropentacene, and mixed thin films. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:054701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3677839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Goellner B, Kerkhoff D, Michelsen U, Padberg M, Schreiber F, Erni D. Design Optimization of an Electrowetting Cell Sorter Chip Platform. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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45
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Zhang F, Roosen-Runge F, Skoda MWA, Jacobs RMJ, Wolf M, Callow P, Frielinghaus H, Pipich V, Prévost S, Schreiber F. Hydration and interactions in protein solutions containing concentrated electrolytes studied by small-angle scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2483-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23460b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Schreiber F, Lynn DJ, Houston A, Peters J, Mwafulirwa G, Finlay BB, Brinkman FSL, Hancock REW, Heyderman RS, Dougan G, Gordon MA. The human transcriptome during nontyphoid Salmonella and HIV coinfection reveals attenuated NFkappaB-mediated inflammation and persistent cell cycle disruption. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:1237-45. [PMID: 21917897 PMCID: PMC3173506 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Invasive nontyphoid Salmonella (iNTS) disease is common and severe in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Africa. We previously observed that ex vivo macrophages from HIV-infected subjects challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium exhibit dysregulated proinflammatory cytokine responses. Methods. We studied the transcriptional response in whole blood from HIV-positive patients during acute and convalescent iNTS disease compared to other invasive bacterial diseases, and to HIV-positive and -negative controls. Results. During iNTS disease, there was a remarkable lack of a coordinated inflammatory or innate immune signaling response. Few interferon γ (IFNγ)--induced genes or Toll-like receptor/transcription factor nuclear factor κB (TLR/NFκB) gene pathways were upregulated in expression. Ex vivo lipopolysacharide (LPS) or flagellin stimulation of whole blood, however, showed that convalescent iNTS subjects and controls were competent to mount prominent TLR/NFκB-associated patterns of mRNA expression. In contrast, HIV-positive patients with other invasive bacterial infections (Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae) displayed a pronounced proinflammatory innate immune transcriptional response. There was also upregulated mRNA expression in cell cycle, DNA replication, translation and repair, and viral replication pathways during iNTS. These patterns persisted for up to 2 months into convalescence. Conclusions. Attenuation of NFκB-mediated inflammation and dysregulation of cell cycle and DNA-function gene pathway expression are key features of the interplay between iNTS and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Schreiber
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
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47
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Schreiber F. Atypische Sprue bei einem Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis - Erwiderung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1274547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Schreiber S, Schreiber F, Glaser M, Skalej M, Heinze HJ, Goertler M. Detecting artery occlusion and critical flow diminution in the case of an acute ischemic stroke--methodological pitfalls of common vascular diagnostic methods. Ultraschall Med 2011; 32:274-280. [PMID: 20509102 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE None of the vascular emergency diagnostic methods commonly used in the case of acute ischemic stroke, i. e. CTA, color-coded duplex sonography (CCDS), MRA, and DSA, is free of restrictions due to physical and physiological characteristics. As a result, misleading results initiating an inappropriate acute therapeutic intervention or hampering a promising one cannot be excluded. We aimed to assess the type and frequency of methodological pitfalls occurring in this situation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data of 269 consecutive patients admitted to our stroke unit with a clinical syndrome of an acute stroke. All patients underwent one or more vascular emergency diagnostic methods on a routine basis. RESULTS 37 patients were excluded because of a final diagnosis other than ischemic stroke. 76 of 232 ischemic stroke patients underwent emergency diagnostic methods with two or more vascular examination techniques. Controversial results occurred in 20 patients and related to the detection and localization of large artery occlusion and its differentiation from a low/slow flow situation and the identification of critical cerebral flow diminution distal to large artery occlusion/severe stenosis. Methodological pitfalls were able to be most reliably resolved by CCDS. Within the whole cohort of ischemic stroke patients, vascular constellations susceptible to misinterpretation were diagnosed in 40 (17.2 %) patients. CONCLUSION We recommend providing several techniques including CCDS in an emergency stroke setting and applying techniques with respect to diagnostic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schreiber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg.
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49
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Gerlach A, Hosokai T, Duhm S, Kera S, Hofmann OT, Zojer E, Zegenhagen J, Schreiber F. Orientational ordering of nonplanar phthalocyanines on Cu(111): strength and orientation of the electric dipole moment. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:156102. [PMID: 21568579 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.156102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the orientational ordering of molecular dipoles and the associated electronic properties, we studied the adsorption of chlorogallium phthalocyanine molecules (GaClPc, Pc=C32N8H16(-2) on Cu(111) by using the x-ray standing wave technique, photoelectron spectroscopy, and quantum mechanical calculations. We find that for submonolayer coverages on Cu(111) the majority of GaClPc molecules adsorb in a Cl-down configuration by forming a covalent bond to the substrate. For bilayer coverages the x-ray standing wave data indicate a coexistence of the Cl-down and Cl-up configurations on the substrate. The structural details established for both cases and supplementary calculations of the adsorbate system allow us to analyze the observed change of the work function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gerlach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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50
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Schreiber F, Elsbernd H. Atypische Sprue bei einem Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis - Erwiderung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1276593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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