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Idesis S, Geli S, Faskowitz J, Vohryzek J, Sanz Perl Y, Pieper F, Galindo-Leon E, Engel AK, Deco G. Functional hierarchies in brain dynamics characterized by signal reversibility in ferret cortex. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011818. [PMID: 38241383 PMCID: PMC10836715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain signal irreversibility has been shown to be a promising approach to study neural dynamics. Nevertheless, the relation with cortical hierarchy and the influence of different electrophysiological features is not completely understood. In this study, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) during spontaneous behavior, including awake and sleep periods, using custom micro-electrocorticographic (μECoG) arrays implanted in ferrets. In contrast to humans, ferrets remain less time in each state across the sleep-wake cycle. We deployed a diverse set of metrics in order to measure the levels of complexity of the different behavioral states. In particular, brain irreversibility, which is a signature of non-equilibrium dynamics, captured by the arrow of time of the signal, revealed the hierarchical organization of the ferret's cortex. We found different signatures of irreversibility and functional hierarchy of large-scale dynamics in three different brain states (active awake, quiet awake, and deep sleep), showing a lower level of irreversibility in the deep sleep stage, compared to the other. Irreversibility also allowed us to disentangle the influence of different cortical areas and frequency bands in this process, showing a predominance of the parietal cortex and the theta band. Furthermore, when inspecting the embedded dynamic through a Hidden Markov Model, the deep sleep stage was revealed to have a lower switching rate and lower entropy production. These results suggest functional hierarchies in organization that can be revealed through thermodynamic features and information theory metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Idesis
- Center for Brain and Cognition (CBC), Department of Information Technologies and Communications (DTIC), Pompeu Fabra University, Edifici Mercè Rodoreda, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastián Geli
- Center for Brain and Cognition (CBC), Department of Information Technologies and Communications (DTIC), Pompeu Fabra University, Edifici Mercè Rodoreda, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joshua Faskowitz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jakub Vohryzek
- Center for Brain and Cognition (CBC), Department of Information Technologies and Communications (DTIC), Pompeu Fabra University, Edifici Mercè Rodoreda, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yonatan Sanz Perl
- Center for Brain and Cognition (CBC), Department of Information Technologies and Communications (DTIC), Pompeu Fabra University, Edifici Mercè Rodoreda, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Galindo-Leon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition (CBC), Department of Information Technologies and Communications (DTIC), Pompeu Fabra University, Edifici Mercè Rodoreda, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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2
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Messé A, Hollensteiner KJ, Delettre C, Dell-Brown LA, Pieper F, Nentwig LJ, Galindo-Leon EE, Larrat B, Mériaux S, Mangin JF, Reillo I, de Juan Romero C, Borrell V, Engler G, Toro R, Engel AK, Hilgetag CC. Structural basis of envelope and phase intrinsic coupling modes in the cerebral cortex. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120212. [PMID: 37269959 PMCID: PMC10300241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic coupling modes (ICMs) can be observed in ongoing brain activity at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Two families of ICMs can be distinguished: phase and envelope ICMs. The principles that shape these ICMs remain partly elusive, in particular their relation to the underlying brain structure. Here we explored structure-function relationships in the ferret brain between ICMs quantified from ongoing brain activity recorded with chronically implanted micro-ECoG arrays and structural connectivity (SC) obtained from high-resolution diffusion MRI tractography. Large-scale computational models were used to explore the ability to predict both types of ICMs. Importantly, all investigations were conducted with ICM measures that are sensitive or insensitive to volume conduction effects. The results show that both types of ICMs are significantly related to SC, except for phase ICMs when using measures removing zero-lag coupling. The correlation between SC and ICMs increases with increasing frequency which is accompanied by reduced delays. Computational models produced results that were highly dependent on the specific parameter settings. The most consistent predictions were derived from measures solely based on SC. Overall, the results demonstrate that patterns of cortical functional coupling as reflected in both phase and envelope ICMs are both related, albeit to different degrees, to the underlying structural connectivity in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Messé
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Karl J Hollensteiner
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Céline Delettre
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany; Unité de Neuroanatomie Appliquée et Théorique, Unité de Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Leigh-Anne Dell-Brown
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Lena J Nentwig
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Edgar E Galindo-Leon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Benoît Larrat
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Centre d'études de Saclay, Bâtiment 145, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Sébastien Mériaux
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Centre d'études de Saclay, Bâtiment 145, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Centre d'études de Saclay, Bâtiment 145, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Isabel Reillo
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant 03550, Spain
| | - Camino de Juan Romero
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant 03550, Spain
| | - Víctor Borrell
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant 03550, Spain
| | - Gerhard Engler
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Roberto Toro
- Unité de Neuroanatomie Appliquée et Théorique, Unité de Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France; Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Paris Descartes University, 24, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris 75014, France
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Claus C Hilgetag
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany; Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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3
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Axmann F, Galindo-Leon E, Pieper F, Wiegert J, Engel A. P-16 Optogenetic modulation of network dynamics in ferret visual cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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4
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Vierock J, Rodriguez-Rozada S, Dieter A, Pieper F, Sims R, Tenedini F, Bergs ACF, Bendifallah I, Zhou F, Zeitzschel N, Ahlbeck J, Augustin S, Sauter K, Papagiakoumou E, Gottschalk A, Soba P, Emiliani V, Engel AK, Hegemann P, Wiegert JS. BiPOLES is an optogenetic tool developed for bidirectional dual-color control of neurons. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4527. [PMID: 34312384 PMCID: PMC8313717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity through excitatory and inhibitory opsins has become an indispensable experimental strategy in neuroscience research. For many applications bidirectional control of neuronal activity allowing both excitation and inhibition of the same neurons in a single experiment is desired. This requires low spectral overlap between the excitatory and inhibitory opsin, matched photocurrent amplitudes and a fixed expression ratio. Moreover, independent activation of two distinct neuronal populations with different optogenetic actuators is still challenging due to blue-light sensitivity of all opsins. Here we report BiPOLES, an optogenetic tool for potent neuronal excitation and inhibition with light of two different wavelengths. BiPOLES enables sensitive, reliable dual-color neuronal spiking and silencing with single- or two-photon excitation, optical tuning of the membrane voltage, and independent optogenetic control of two neuronal populations using a second, blue-light sensitive opsin. The utility of BiPOLES is demonstrated in worms, flies, mice and ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Vierock
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Rozada
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dieter
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Sims
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Federico Tenedini
- Research Group Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amelie C F Bergs
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Imane Bendifallah
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Fangmin Zhou
- Research Group Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Zeitzschel
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim Ahlbeck
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Augustin
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sauter
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Group Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eirini Papagiakoumou
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Soba
- Research Group Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Simon Wiegert
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Galindo-Leon EE, Stitt I, Pieper F, Stieglitz T, Engler G, Engel AK. Context-specific modulation of intrinsic coupling modes shapes multisensory processing. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaar7633. [PMID: 30989107 PMCID: PMC6457939 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar7633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically generated patterns of coupled neuronal activity are associated with the dynamics of specific brain states. Sensory inputs are extrinsic factors that can perturb these intrinsic coupling modes, creating a complex scenario in which forthcoming stimuli are processed. Studying this intrinsic-extrinsic interplay is necessary to better understand perceptual integration and selection. Here, we show that this interplay leads to a reconfiguration of functional cortical connectivity that acts as a mechanism to facilitate stimulus processing. Using audiovisual stimulation in anesthetized ferrets, we found that this reconfiguration of coupling modes is context specific, depending on long-term modulation by repetitive sensory inputs. These reconfigured coupling modes lead to changes in latencies and power of local field potential responses that support multisensory integration. Our study demonstrates that this interplay extends across multiple time scales and involves different types of intrinsic coupling. These results suggest a previously unknown large-scale mechanism that facilitates multisensory integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E. Galindo-Leon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Iain Stitt
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Engler
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Bockhorst T, Pieper F, Engler G, Stieglitz T, Galindo-Leon E, Engel AK. Synchrony surfacing: Epicortical recording of correlated action potentials. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3583-3596. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bockhorst
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Gerhard Engler
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Department of Microsystems Engineering -IMTEK; Laboratory for Biomedical Microsystems; Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools; Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- Bernstein Center Freiburg; Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Edgar Galindo-Leon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Andreas K. Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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7
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Fischer F, Pieper F, Galindo-Leon E, Engler G, Hilgetag CC, Engel AK. Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Resembles Cortical Architecture at Various Levels of Isoflurane Anesthesia. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:2991-3003. [PMID: 29788295 PMCID: PMC6041950 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical single neuron activity and local field potential patterns change at different depths of general anesthesia. Here, we investigate the associated network level changes of functional connectivity. We recorded ongoing electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity from temporo-parieto-occipital cortex of 6 ferrets at various levels of isoflurane/nitrous oxide anesthesia and determined functional connectivity by computing amplitude envelope correlations. Through hierarchical clustering, we derived typical connectivity patterns corresponding to light, intermediate and deep anesthesia. Generally, amplitude correlation strength increased strongly with depth of anesthesia across all cortical areas and frequency bands. This was accompanied, at the deepest level, by the emergence of burst-suppression activity in the ECoG signal and a change of the spectrum of the amplitude envelope. Normalization of functional connectivity to the distribution of correlation coefficients showed that the topographical patterns remained similar across depths of anesthesia, reflecting the functional association of the underlying cortical areas. Thus, while strength and temporal properties of amplitude co-modulation vary depending on the activity of local neural circuits, their network-level interaction pattern is presumably most strongly determined by the underlying structural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fischer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Galindo-Leon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Engler
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claus C Hilgetag
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
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Allgäuer S, Pieper F, Mahrholdt H. Schwere akzidentelle Hypothermie. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2017; 112:731-736. [DOI: 10.1007/s00063-017-0291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Stitt I, Hollensteiner KJ, Galindo-Leon E, Pieper F, Fiedler E, Stieglitz T, Engler G, Nolte G, Engel AK. Dynamic reconfiguration of cortical functional connectivity across brain states. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8797. [PMID: 28821753 PMCID: PMC5562766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout each day, the brain displays transient changes in state, as evidenced by shifts in behavior and vigilance. While the electrophysiological correlates of brain states have been studied for some time, it remains unclear how large-scale cortico-cortical functional connectivity systematically reconfigures across states. Here, we investigate state-dependent shifts in cortical functional connectivity by recording local field potentials (LFPs) during spontaneous behavioral transitions in the ferret using chronically implanted micro-electrocorticographic (µECoG) arrays positioned over occipital, parietal, and temporal cortical regions. To objectively classify brain state, we describe a data-driven approach that projects time-varying LFP spectral properties into brain state space. Distinct brain states displayed markedly different patterns of cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling and inter-electrode phase synchronization across several LFP frequency bands. The largest across-state differences in functional connectivity were observed between periods of presumed slow-wave and rapid-eye-movement-sleep/active-state, which were characterized by the contrasting phenomena of cortical network fragmentation and global synchronization, respectively. Collectively, our data provide strong evidence that large-scale functional interactions in the brain dynamically reconfigure across behavioral states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Stitt
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
| | - Karl J Hollensteiner
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Galindo-Leon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Fiedler
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Engler
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Nolte
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Leavitt ML, Pieper F, Sachs AJ, Martinez-Trujillo JC. A Quadrantic Bias in Prefrontal Representation of Visual-Mnemonic Space. Cereb Cortex 2017; 28:2405-2421. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Leavitt
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neuro- & Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam J Sachs
- Division of Neurosurgery, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julio C Martinez-Trujillo
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Bullock KR, Pieper F, Sachs AJ, Martinez-Trujillo JC. Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey lateral prefrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:15-28. [PMID: 28298302 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00278.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Common trends observed in many visual and oculomotor-related cortical areas include retinotopically organized receptive and movement fields exhibiting a Gaussian shape and increasing size with eccentricity. These trends are demonstrated in the frontal eye fields, many visual areas, and the superior colliculus but have not been thoroughly characterized in prearcuate area 8Ar of the prefrontal cortex. This is important since area 8Ar, located anterior to the frontal eye fields, is more cytoarchitectonically similar to prefrontal areas than premotor areas. Here we recorded the responses of 166 neurons in area 8Ar of two male macaques while the animals made visually guided saccades to a peripheral sine-wave grating stimulus positioned at 1 of 40 possible locations (8 angles along 5 eccentricities). To characterize the neurons' receptive and movement fields, we fit a bivariate Gaussian model to the baseline-subtracted average firing rate during stimulus presentation (early and late visual epochs) and before saccade onset (presaccadic epoch). One hundred twenty-one of one hundred sixty-six neurons showed spatially selective visual and presaccadic responses. Of the visually selective neurons, 76% preferred the contralateral visual hemifield, whereas 24% preferred the ipsilateral hemifield. The angular width of visual and movement-related fields scaled positively with increasing eccentricity. Moreover, responses of neurons with visual receptive fields were modulated by target contrast, exhibiting sigmoid tuning curves that resemble those of visual neurons in upstream areas such as MT and V4. Finally, we found that neurons with receptive fields at similar spatial locations were clustered within the area; however, this organization did not appear retinotopic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We recorded the responses of neurons in lateral prefrontal area 8Ar of macaques during a visually guided saccade task using multielectrode arrays. Neurons have Gaussian-shaped visual and movement fields in both visual hemifields, with a bias toward the contralateral hemifield. Visual neurons show contrast response functions with sigmoid shapes. Visual neurons tend to cluster at similar locations within the cortical surface; however, this organization does not appear retinotopic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Bullock
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam J Sachs
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Julio C Martinez-Trujillo
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Becker T, Pieper F, Liebetanz D, Bleyer M, Schrod A, Maetz-Rensing K, Treue S. Suspect Guillain-Barré syndrome in a male rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta). Primate Biol 2017; 4:27-32. [PMID: 32110689 PMCID: PMC7041522 DOI: 10.5194/pb-4-27-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, mainly acute inflammatory polyneuropathy in humans. It is frequently post-infectious with auto antibodies being formed against myelin sheaths, resulting in a progressive and more-or-less severe paralysis of the motor neuron and cranial nerves. Mortality is low and 60 % of the patients recover completely from the disease after intensive treatment. In animals, there are a few diseases that closely resemble GBS, but cases of GBS in monkeys seem to be scarce. In this case report, the clinical course of a progressive tetraplegia in a male rhesus macaque is described. Clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), electroneurography (ENG) and electromyography (EMG), and pathological findings revealed symptoms very similar to human GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Liebetanz
- Georg August University, University Hospital, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C2H8N+·C8H5N2O6−·0.5H2O, comprises a monodeprotonated 2-amino-5-nitroterephthalate anion and a dimethylammonium counter-ion on general positions and a water molecule that lies on a twofold rotation axis. Extensive hydrogen bonding is observed between the carboxylate group and the dimethylammonium ion, the water molecule and the carboxylic acid group, as well as between the amino group, the water molecule and the carboxylic acid group (N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds are involved).
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Boulay CB, Pieper F, Leavitt M, Martinez-Trujillo J, Sachs AJ. Single-trial decoding of intended eye movement goals from lateral prefrontal cortex neural ensembles. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:486-99. [PMID: 26561608 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00788.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) encode sensory and cognitive signals, as well as commands for goal-directed actions. Therefore, the LPFC might be a good signal source for a goal-selection brain-computer interface (BCI) that decodes the intended goal of a motor action previous to its execution. As a first step in the development of a goal-selection BCI, we set out to determine if we could decode simple behavioral intentions to direct gaze to eight different locations in space from single-trial LPFC neural activity. We recorded neuronal spiking activity from microelectrode arrays implanted in area 8A of the LPFC of two adult macaques while they made visually guided saccades to one of eight targets in a center-out task. Neuronal activity encoded target location immediately after target presentation, during a delay epoch, during the execution of the saccade, and every combination thereof. Many (40%) of the neurons that encoded target location during multiple epochs preferred different locations during different epochs. Despite heterogeneous and dynamic responses, the neuronal feature set that best predicted target location was the averaged firing rates from the entire trial and it was best classified using linear discriminant analysis (63.6-96.9% in 12 sessions, mean 80.3%; information transfer rate: 21-59, mean 32.8 bits/min). Our results demonstrate that it is possible to decode intended saccade target location from single-trial LPFC activity and suggest that the LPFC is a suitable signal source for a goal-selection cognitive BCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadwick B Boulay
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Florian Pieper
- Institute for Neuro- and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Leavitt
- Aerospace Medicine Unit, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julio Martinez-Trujillo
- Robarts Research Institute, Departments of Psychiatry, Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Adam J Sachs
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Bullock K, Pieper F, Sachs A, Martinez-Trujillo J. Receptive field complexity in primate prefrontal cortex area 8A varies as a function of neuronal type. J Vis 2015. [DOI: 10.1167/15.12.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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Doucet G, Tremblay S, Gulli R, Pieper F, Sachs A, Martinez-Trujillo J. Single trial decoding of visual attention from local field potentials in the primate lateral prefrontal cortex. J Vis 2015. [DOI: 10.1167/15.12.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Stitt I, Galindo-Leon E, Pieper F, Engler G, Fiedler E, Stieglitz T, Engel AK. Intrinsic coupling modes reveal the functional architecture of cortico-tectal networks. Sci Adv 2015; 1:e1500229. [PMID: 26601226 PMCID: PMC4643805 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of sensory stimulation or motor output, the brain exhibits complex spatiotemporal patterns of intrinsically generated neural activity. Analysis of ongoing brain dynamics has identified the prevailing modes of cortico-cortical interaction; however, little is known about how such patterns of intrinsically generated activity are correlated between cortical and subcortical brain areas. We investigate the correlation structure of ongoing cortical and superior colliculus (SC) activity across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Ongoing cortico-tectal interaction was characterized by correlated fluctuations in the amplitude of delta, spindle, low gamma, and high-frequency oscillations (>100 Hz). Of these identified coupling modes, topographical patterns of high-frequency coupling were the most consistent with patterns of anatomical connectivity, reflecting synchronized spiking within cortico-tectal networks. Cortico-tectal coupling at high frequencies was temporally parcellated by the phase of slow cortical oscillations and was strongest for SC-cortex channel pairs that displayed overlapping visual spatial receptive fields. Despite displaying a high degree of spatial specificity, cortico-tectal coupling in lower-frequency bands did not match patterns of cortex-to-SC anatomical connectivity. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that neural activity is spontaneously coupled between cortex and SC, with high- and low-frequency modes of coupling reflecting direct and indirect cortico-tectal interactions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Stitt
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Galindo-Leon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Engler
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Fiedler
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Hollensteiner KJ, Pieper F, Engler G, König P, Engel AK. Crossmodal integration improves sensory detection thresholds in the ferret. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124952. [PMID: 25970327 PMCID: PMC4430165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades ferrets (Mustela putorius) have been established as a highly efficient animal model in different fields in neuroscience. Here we asked whether ferrets integrate sensory information according to the same principles established for other species. Since only few methods and protocols are available for behaving ferrets we developed a head-free, body-restrained approach allowing a standardized stimulation position and the utilization of the ferret’s natural response behavior. We established a behavioral paradigm to test audiovisual integration in the ferret. Animals had to detect a brief auditory and/or visual stimulus presented either left or right from their midline. We first determined detection thresholds for auditory amplitude and visual contrast. In a second step, we combined both modalities and compared psychometric fits and the reaction times between all conditions. We employed Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) to model bimodal psychometric curves and to investigate whether ferrets integrate modalities in an optimal manner. Furthermore, to test for a redundant signal effect we pooled the reaction times of all animals to calculate a race model. We observed that bimodal detection thresholds were reduced and reaction times were faster in the bimodal compared to unimodal conditions. The race model and MLE modeling showed that ferrets integrate modalities in a statistically optimal fashion. Taken together, the data indicate that principles of multisensory integration previously demonstrated in other species also apply to crossmodal processing in the ferret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J. Hollensteiner
- Dept. of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Pieper
- Dept. of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Engler
- Dept. of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Dept. of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Engel
- Dept. of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Stitt I, Galindo-Leon E, Pieper F, Hollensteiner KJ, Engler G, Engel AK. Auditory and visual interactions between the superior and inferior colliculi in the ferret. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:1311-20. [PMID: 25645363 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The integration of visual and auditory spatial information is important for building an accurate perception of the external world, but the fundamental mechanisms governing such audiovisual interaction have only partially been resolved. The earliest interface between auditory and visual processing pathways is in the midbrain, where the superior (SC) and inferior colliculi (IC) are reciprocally connected in an audiovisual loop. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of audiovisual interaction in the midbrain by recording neural signals from the SC and IC simultaneously in anesthetized ferrets. Visual stimuli reliably produced band-limited phase locking of IC local field potentials (LFPs) in two distinct frequency bands: 6-10 and 15-30 Hz. These visual LFP responses co-localized with robust auditory responses that were characteristic of the IC. Imaginary coherence analysis confirmed that visual responses in the IC were not volume-conducted signals from the neighboring SC. Visual responses in the IC occurred later than retinally driven superficial SC layers and earlier than deep SC layers that receive indirect visual inputs, suggesting that retinal inputs do not drive visually evoked responses in the IC. In addition, SC and IC recording sites with overlapping visual spatial receptive fields displayed stronger functional connectivity than sites with separate receptive fields, indicating that visual spatial maps are aligned across both midbrain structures. Reciprocal coupling between the IC and SC therefore probably serves the dynamic integration of visual and auditory representations of space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Stitt
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Galindo-Leon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl J Hollensteiner
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Engler
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Tremblay S, Pieper F, Sachs A, Martinez-Trujillo J. Attentional Filtering of Visual Information by Neuronal Ensembles in the Primate Lateral Prefrontal Cortex. Neuron 2015; 85:202-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Tremblay S, Pieper F, Sachs A, Martinez-Trujillo J. Decoding the allocation of visual attention from prefrontal neural assemblies in behaving primates. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Tremblay S, Asquini L, Sachs A, Pieper F, Martinez J. Neuronal population activity in area 8a of macaques predicts saccade end point. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Abstract
In the superior colliculus (SC), visual afferent inputs from various sources converge in a highly organized way such that all layers form topographically aligned representations of contralateral external space. Despite this anatomical organization, it remains unclear how the layer-specific termination of different visual input pathways is reflected in the nature of visual response properties and their distribution across layers. To uncover the physiological correlates underlying the laminar organization of the SC, we recorded multiunit and local field potential activity simultaneously from all layers with dual-shank multichannel linear probes. We found that the location of spatial receptive fields was strongly conserved across all visual responsive layers. There was a tendency for receptive field size to increase with depth in the SC, with superficial receptive fields significantly smaller than deep receptive fields. Additionally, superficial layers responded significantly faster than deeper layers to flash stimulation. In some recordings, flash-evoked responses were characterized by the presence of gamma oscillatory activity (40-60 Hz) in multiunit and field potential signals, which was strongest in retinorecipient layers. While SC neurons tended to respond only weakly to full-field drifting gratings, we observed very similar oscillatory responses to the offset of grating stimuli, suggesting gamma oscillations are produced following light offset. Oscillatory spiking activity was highly correlated between horizontally distributed neurons within these layers, with oscillations temporally locked to the stimulus. Together, visual response properties provide physiological evidence reflecting the laminar-specific termination of visual afferent pathways in the SC, most notably characterized by the oscillatory entrainment of superficial neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Stitt
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Leavitt ML, Pieper F, Sachs A, Joober R, Martinez-Trujillo JC. Structure of spike count correlations reveals functional interactions between neurons in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex area 8a of behaving primates. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61503. [PMID: 23630595 PMCID: PMC3632589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons within the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are clustered in microcolumns according to their visuospatial tuning. One issue that remains poorly investigated is how this anatomical arrangement influences functional interactions between neurons during behavior. To investigate this question we implanted 4 mm×4 mm multielectrode arrays in two macaques' dlPFC area 8a and measured spike count correlations (rsc) between responses of simultaneously recorded neurons when animals maintained stationary gaze. Positive and negative rsc were significantly higher than predicted by chance across a wide range of inter-neuron distances (from 0.4 to 4 mm). Positive rsc were stronger between neurons with receptive fields (RFs) separated by ≤90° of angular distance and progressively decreased as a function of inter-neuron physical distance. Negative rsc were stronger between neurons with RFs separated by >90° and increased as a function of inter-neuron distance. Our results show that short- and long-range functional interactions between dlPFC neurons depend on the physical distance between them and the relationship between their visuospatial tuning preferences. Neurons with similar visuospatial tuning show positive rsc that decay with inter-neuron distance, suggestive of excitatory interactions within and between adjacent microcolumns. Neurons with dissimilar tuning from spatially segregated microcolumns show negative rsc that increase with inter-neuron distance, suggestive of inhibitory interactions. This pattern of results shows that functional interactions between prefrontal neurons closely follow the pattern of connectivity reported in anatomical studies. Such interactions may be important for the role of the prefrontal cortex in the allocation of attention to targets in the presence of competing distracters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Leavitt
- Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Florian Pieper
- Institute for Neuro- & Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam Sachs
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julio C. Martinez-Trujillo
- Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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25
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Leavitt M, Pieper F, Sachs A, Martinez-Trujillo J. Spike count correlations in visual, visuomotor, and motor neurons of macaque prefrontal area 8A during working memory maintenance. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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26
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Womelsdorf T, Anton-Erxleben K, Pieper F, Treue S. Dynamic shifts of visual receptive fields in cortical area MT by spatial attention. Nat Neurosci 2006; 9:1156-60. [PMID: 16906153 DOI: 10.1038/nn1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Voluntary attention is the top-down selection process that focuses cortical processing resources on the most relevant sensory information. Spatial attention--that is, selection based on stimulus position--alters neuronal responsiveness throughout primate visual cortex. It has been hypothesized that it also changes receptive field profiles by shifting their centers toward attended locations and by shrinking them around attended stimuli. Here we examined, at high resolution, receptive fields in cortical area MT of rhesus macaque monkeys when their attention was directed to different locations within and outside these receptive fields. We found a shift of receptive fields, even far from the current location of attention, accompanied by a small amount of shrinkage. Thus, already in early extrastriate cortex, receptive fields are not static entities but are highly modifiable, enabling the dynamic allocation of processing resources to attended locations and supporting enhanced perception within the focus of attention by effectively increasing the local cortical magnification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Womelsdorf
- F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Abstract
In four squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), the inferior colliculus, together with the neighboring superior colliculus, reticular formation, cuneiform nucleus and parabrachial area, were explored with microelectrodes, looking for neurons that might be involved in the discrimination between self-produced and external sounds. Vocalization was elicited by kainic acid injections into the periaqueductal gray of the midbrain. Acoustic tests were carried out with ascending and descending narrow-band noise sweeps spanning virtually the whole hearing range of the squirrel monkey. Altogether 577 neurons were analyzed. Neurons that both were audiosensitive and fired in advance of self-produced vocalization were found almost exclusively in the pericentral nuclei of the inferior colliculus and the adjacent reticular formation. Only the latter, however, contained, in addition, neurons that fired during external acoustic stimulation, but remained quiet during self-produced vocalization. These findings suggest that the reticular formation bordering the inferior colliculus is involved in the discrimination between self-produced and foreign vocalization on the basis of a vocalmotor feedforward mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pieper
- German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Toman PD, Pieper F, Sakai N, Karatzas C, Platenburg E, de Wit I, Samuel C, Dekker A, Daniels GA, Berg RA, Platenburg GJ. Production of recombinant human type I procollagen homotrimer in the mammary gland of transgenic mice. Transgenic Res 2000; 8:415-27. [PMID: 10767986 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008959924856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The large scale production of recombinant collagen for use in biomaterials requires an efficient expression system capable of processing a large (> 400 Kd) multisubunit protein requiring post-translational modifications. To investigate whether the mammary gland of transgenic animals fulfills these requirements, transgenic mice were generated containing the alpha S1-casein mammary gland-specific promoter operatively linked to 37 Kb of the human alpha 1(I) procollagen structural gene and 3' flanking region. The frequency of transgenic lines established was 12%. High levels of soluble triple helical homotrimeric [(alpha 1)3] type I procollagen were detected (up to 8 mg/ml) exclusively in the milk of six out of 9 lines of lactating transgenic mice. The transgene-derived human procollagen chains underwent efficient assembly into a triple helical structure. Although proline or lysine hydroxylation has never been described for any milk protein, procollagen was detected with these post-translational modifications. The procollagen was stable in milk; minimal degradation was observed. These results show that the mammary gland is capable of expressing a large procollagen gene construct, efficiently assembling the individual polypeptide chains into a stable triple helix, and secreting the intact molecule into the milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Toman
- Cohesion Technologies, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.
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29
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Toman D, Platenburg G, Sakai N, DeWit I, Plantenberg E, Samuel C, Pieper F, Berg R. Production of human type I procollagen heterotrimeric molecules in transgenic mouse milk. Matrix Biol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(97)90103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Toman D, Platenburg G, Sakai N, de Wit I, Daniels G, Platenburg E, Samuel C, Pieper F, Berg R. Production of human type I procollagen homotrimers in transgenic mouse milk. Matrix Biol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(96)90103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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de Loos F, Hengst S, Pieper F, Salaheddine M. Trans-Vaginal oocyte recovery used for generation of bovine embryos for DNA micro injection. Theriogenology 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(96)84822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Berteretche MV, Dunia I, Devilliers G, van der Kemp A, Pieper F, Bloemendal H, Benedetti EL, Forest N. Abnormal incisor-tooth differentiation in transgenic mice expressing the muscle-specific desmin gene. Eur J Cell Biol 1993; 62:183-93. [PMID: 7925477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopic observations on the incisor-tooth organ of transgenic mice expressing the muscle-specific desmin gene under the direction of the vimentin promoter, reveal that the expression of the hybrid transgene occurs both in mesenchymal cells and differentiating odontoblasts. The muscle-specific desmin, as estimated by fluorescence intensity, is more expressed in immature mesenchymal cells than in postmitotic differentiated odontoblasts. The expression of the transgene generates alteration of the odontoblast-intermediate filament network and interferes with the secretory activity of both odontoblasts and ameloblasts. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that odontoblasts have inductive properties on the differentiation of ameloblasts and that intermediate filaments among other factors play the role of cell and tissue organizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Berteretche
- Laboratoire de Biologie-Odontologie, Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers, Université Paris VII, France
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33
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Shoda J, Toll A, Axelson M, Pieper F, Wikvall K, Sjövall J. Formation of 7 alpha- and 7 beta-hydroxylated bile acid precursors from 27-hydroxycholesterol in human liver microsomes and mitochondria. Hepatology 1993; 17:395-403. [PMID: 8444412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In a search for enzymes involved in the formation of bile acids from 27-hydroxycholesterol in humans, the metabolism of this and other side-chain oxygenated steroids was studied in human liver microsomes and mitochondria. The microsomal fraction contained enzyme(s) catalyzing 7 alpha-hydroxylation of 27-hydroxycholesterol and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid, whereas the 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was low. Only small amounts of 7 beta-hydroxylated products were formed. Purification and subfractionation of microsomal protein yielded a fraction of cytochrome P-450, which required NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and catalyzed 7 alpha-hydroxylation of the side-chain oxygenated 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-C27-steroids but was inactive toward cholesterol. Added cholesterol did not inhibit the observed enzymatic activity. The results provide evidence that this enzyme is different from cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. The mitochondrial fraction contained enzyme(s) that catalyzed an isocitrate-dependent 7 alpha-hydroxylation of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid. The activity was much lower with 27-hydroxycholesterol. The mitochondrial fraction also catalyzed the oxidation of the 27-hydroxy group and contained a 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase active on 7 alpha-hydroxylated C27-steroids. The metabolic end product of the reactions catalyzed by these enzymes was 7 alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoic acid. A considerable fraction of the 7 alpha-hydroxy-delta 5 intermediates was also converted to the corresponding 7 beta-hydroxysteroids, probably by way of the 7-oxosteroids, suggesting the presence of an epimerizing enzyme in the mitochondrial fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shoda
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lloyd DM, Pieper F, Gundlach M, Knoefel WT, Burdelski M, Biermann CW, Emond JC, Heffron TG, Whitington PF, Broelsch CE. Developments in segmental and living related liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1992; 24:1287-92. [PMID: 1496565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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35
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Krimpenfort P, Rademakers A, Eyestone W, van der Schans A, van den Broek S, Kooiman P, Kootwijk E, Platenburg G, Pieper F, Strijker R. Generation of transgenic dairy cattle using 'in vitro' embryo production. Nat Biotechnol 1991; 9:844-7. [PMID: 1367358 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0991-844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have combined gene transfer, by microinjection, with 'in vitro' embryo production technology, enabling us to carry out non-surgical transfer, to recipient cows, of microinjected embryos that have been cultured from immature oocytes. Using this approach, we have established 21 pregnancies from which 19 calves were born. Southern blot analysis proved that in two cases the microinjected DNA had been integrated in the host genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Krimpenfort
- Department of Embryology, Gene Pharming Europe B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dunia I, Pieper F, Manenti S, van de Kemp A, Devilliers G, Benedetti EL, Bloemendal H. Plasma membrane-cytoskeleton damage in eye lenses of transgenic mice expressing desmin. Eur J Cell Biol 1990; 53:59-74. [PMID: 2076709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocytochemistry of eye lens cells from transgenic mice coexpressing desmin and vimentin reveals that the transgenic desmin expression is not uniform. In the same lens, some epithelial and fiber cells overexpress desmin, while in others the desmin gene seems to be silent. Conversely, the endogenous vimentin is always expressed. The concomitant expression of vimentin and desmin results in the assembly of hybrid intermediate filaments (IFs). Moreover, the overexpression of the transgene generates pleomorphic IF assembly and leads to intermingled filamentous whorls and to accumulation of amorphous desmin. The abnormalities of IF assembly induced by the genetic manipulation are correlated with perturbation of the enucleation process in the lens fibers, changes in cell shape, fiber fusion and extensive internalization of the general plasma membrane and junctional domains. The alterations of lens cells described in this study were observed in all transgenic mice examined. The level of expression of the transgene was paralleled by the degree of damage. Our results indicate that proper expression, assembly and membrane interaction of IFs play an important role in the terminal differentiation of the lenticular epithelium into fiber cells. We anticipate that alterations during these processes may initiate cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dunia
- Institut Jacques Monod du CNRS, Université Paris VII, France
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Kremer B, Henne-Bruns D, Soehendra N, Grimm H, Pieper F. [Surgical therapy of cancer of the hepatic duct bifurcation]. Chirurg 1988; 59:472-7. [PMID: 2463899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report about the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in 62 cases of Klatskin tumors operated during the last 5 years. In most patients the definite treatment consisted either of primary endoscopic drainage of the bile ducts or of a secondary endoscopic drainage after explorative laparotomy. Only one third of the patients could be operated in curative intention. Operative procedures included local tumor resections as well as a central bile duct resection combined with hemihepatectomy. The main problem in these operations is to avoid a biliodigestive anastomosis with tumor infiltrated bile ducts, because these patients would have been better treated endoscopically. After extended preoperative diagnostic procedures including CT-scan, ultrasound, ERCP and angiography in most cases the criteria for irresectability can be defined and unnecessary operative interventions can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kremer
- Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Hamburg
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Kahl HJ, D�rner A, Pieper F, Schreiber HW. 302. Simultane Rectoskopie und endorectale Sonographie. Langenbecks Arch Surg 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01298087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Myocytes from atria of adult guinea-pigs were isolated by means of a previously described enzyme perfusion with some modifications. The problem of Ca-intolerance of the dispersed cells was circumvented by (i) avoiding cooling of the cells below 25 degrees C and (ii) increasing the Ca concentration slowly already during the enzyme perfusion. Isolated atrial myocytes were taken in long-term cell culture. Under this condition they become spherical within about 2 days. The rounded stage (cardioballs), which is found in the cultures for a period of ca. 10 days is highly suited for electrophysiological studies using the different recording configurations of the patch clamp technique, including 'tight-seal whole-cell recording' with simultaneous cell dialysis.
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