1
|
Castro MC, Farías-Antúnez S, Araújo DABS, Penna AL, Oliveira FA, de Aquino CM, Lima Neto AS, de Sousa GDS, Tavares Machado MM. Cohort profile: maternal and child health and parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ceará, Brazil: birth cohort study (Iracema-COVID). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060824. [PMID: 35649585 PMCID: PMC9160586 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal and child health and parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ceará (Iracema-COVID) is a longitudinal, prospective population-based birth cohort designed to understand the effects of the pandemic and social withdrawal in maternal mental health, child development and parenting practices of mothers and families. PARTICIPANTS A sample of mothers who gave birth in July and August 2020 (n=351) was enrolled in the study in January 2021. Interviews were conducted by telephone. Data were collected through standardised questionnaires that, in addition to sociodemographic and economic data, collected information on breast feeding, mental health status and COVID-19. FINDINGS TO DATE Results from the first wave show that the majority of participants have 9-11 years of schooling (54.4%; 95% CI 61.0 to 70.9) and are of mixed race (71.5%; 95% CI 66.5 to 76.0). At the time of the survey, 27.9% of the participants were out of the labor force (95% CI 23.5 to 32.9) and 78.6% reported a decrease in family income after restrictions imposed due to the pandemic (95% CI 74.0 to 82.6). The prevalence of maternal common mental disorder symptoms was 32.5% (95% CI 27.8 to 37.6). FUTURE PLANS Follow-up visits are planned to occur every 6 months for the next five years (2021-2025). Additional topics will be included in future waves (eg, food insecurity and parenting practices). Communication strategies for bonding, such as picture cards, pictures of mothers with their children and phone calls to the participants, will be used to minimise attrition. Results of this prospective cohort will generate novel knowledge on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health and parenting practices in a population of women and children living in fifth largest city of Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia C Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone Farías-Antúnez
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luiza Penna
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Camila Machado de Aquino
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Antônio Silva Lima Neto
- Fortaleza Municipal Health Secretariat, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva JPFD, Castro MC, Aquino CMD, Souza CRBD, Rocha HAL, Correia LL, Altafim ERP, Oliveira FA, Machado MMT. Implicações da covid-19 no cotidiano das famílias nordestinas e no cuidado infantil. Saude soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902022210287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo explora o cotidiano das famílias com filhos de 0 a 6 anos, residentes em Fortaleza, no Ceará, durante o período de distanciamento físico, estipulado pelo Governo do Estado do Ceará. Esta pesquisa qualitativa se utilizou do referencial da teoria de formação de vínculos na adversidade. Foram entrevistadas 30 mães, entre os meses de julho e agosto de 2020, utilizando videochamadas ou telefonemas. Para análise do material empírico, recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo de Bardin, possibilitando a criação de duas categorias temáticas: (1) o exercício do cuidado parental em tempos de covid-19; (2) o cotidiano das crianças diante da pandemia. A interpretação das narrativas revelou que alguns cuidadores buscaram realizar brincadeiras e atividades manuais com os filhos, e explicavam o que estava acontecendo no cenário mundial, exercendo a parentalidade positiva. Ademais, o distanciamento físico favoreceu o aumento da tolerância dos pais no tempo em que os filhos ficaram expostos às telas. Percebeu-se que os pais influenciaram a prática de hábitos alimentares não saudáveis entre as crianças e a manifestação de mudanças no comportamento dos filhos. Como conclusão, destaca-se a necessidade de um acompanhamento contínuo dos aspectos referentes ao desenvolvimento dessas crianças e do retorno delas às atividades presenciais.
Collapse
|
3
|
Machado MMT, Rocha HAL, Castro MC, Sampaio EGM, Oliveira FA, Silva JPFD, Aquino CMD, Sousa LDARD, Carvalho FHC, Altafim ERP, Correia LL. COVID-19 and mental health of pregnant women in Ceará, Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:37. [PMID: 34105605 PMCID: PMC8139842 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the perceptions of pregnant women about COVID-19 and the prevalence of common mental disorders during the implemented social distancing period. METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectional study using digital media, of pregnant women exposed to social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. Common mental disorders were estimated using the modified Self-Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) scale, and the feelings towards COVID-19 were assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 scale through telephone calls made in May 2020. COX multivariate regression models were used to verify the associations. RESULTS Of the 1,041 pregnant women, 45.7% (95%CI: 42.7–48.8) had common mental disorders (CMD). All items of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale showed a significant association with the prevalence of CMD (p < 0.001). A CMD risk gradient was observed, going from a prevalence ratio of 1.52 (95%CI: 1.13–2.04) in pregnant women with two positive items to 2.70 (95%CI: 2.08–3.51) for those with four positive items. Early gestational age and the lack of prenatal care were also associated with CMD. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of common mental disorders in pregnant women was high during the period of social distancing and was aggravated by negative feelings towards COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Saúde Coletiva. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. Department of Global Health and Population. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia C Castro
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. Department of Global Health and Population. Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Camila Machado de Aquino
- Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Saúde Materno-Infantil. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Luciano Lima Correia
- Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Saúde Coletiva. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oliveira FA, Ximenes FJM, Monteiro ACS, Farias ODO, Mendes IC, Silva CFD, Moura DDJM. COMPETÊNCIAS FAMILIARES RELACIONADAS À PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DAS DOENÇAS NAS CRIANÇAS DE ATÉ SEIS ANOS. SaudPesq 2018. [DOI: 10.17765/1983-1870.2018v11n2p257-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivou-se avaliar as competências familiares relacionadas à prevenção e ao tratamento das doenças nas crianças de até seis anos de idade cadastradas em uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde da Estratégia Saúde da Família de Fortaleza-CE. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de fevereiro a maio de 2017, envolvendo uma amostra de 217 famílias. Os resultados demonstraram que 98,2% das crianças estão com o calendário vacinal básico atualizado. Identificou-se que 67,7% dos cuidadores lavam as mãos das crianças depois de ir ao banheiro e 76,0% adotam essa medida de higiene antes de comer algum alimento. Verificou-se que mais de 90% das famílias identificam sinais comuns de adoecimento que requerem tratamento em hospitais e levam as crianças para esses serviços. Nessa perspectiva, acredita-se que a Estratégia Saúde da Família é um importante espaço de produção de saúde e de fortalecimento das competências familiares da população adscrita.
Collapse
|
5
|
Saraiva LB, Santos SNDSAD, Oliveira FA, Almeida ANSD, Moura DDJDJM, Barbosa RGB. Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla e sua Utilização no Cuidado de Enfermagem a Pessoas Idosas. J Health Scie 2018. [DOI: 10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n4p262-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
O envelhecimento humano é considerado um fenômeno populacional reconhecidamente heterogêneo e multidimensional. Objetivou-se, nesse estudo, investigar a utilização da Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla (AGA) como subsídio para o processo de cuidar em enfermagem a pessoas idosas, em uma Caixa de Autogestão em Saúde, na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Trata-se de um estudo documental, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta de 70 prontuários de acompanhamento de idosos acima de 80 anos. A coleta dos dados ocorreu, por meio de um formulário semiestruturado, realizada no período de maio a junho de 2015. Constatou-se que 50% dos participantes apresentaram mais de oito anos de estudo. Verificou-se, ainda, que 57,1% são independentes para as atividades de vida diária (AVDs) e que 78,6% dos domicílios estão adequados para redução de risco de quedas. Dentre as comorbidades clínicas existentes, a hipertensão arterial está presente em 22%, seguida de Diabetes Mellitus, com 14,3%. Considera-se, nesse estudo, que a perda funcional ainda se constitui como uma condição de atenção ao cuidado de enfermagem para a população idosa, porquanto pode causar fraturas, síndrome da imobilidade, aumento do grau de dependência, depressão, isolamento social, dentre outras questões referentes ao processo de senilidade, implicando, desse modo, a necessidade de atuação de forma contínua e dinâmica em estratégias de educação em saúde a essa parcela crescente da população. Palavras-chave: Avaliação Geriátrica. Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde. Cuidados de Enfermagem. AbstractHuman aging is considered a population phenomenon that is admittedly heterogeneous and multidimensional. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of the Ample Geriatric Assessment (AGA) as a subsidy for the nursing care process for elderly people in a Health Self-Management Box in the city of Fortaleza-CE. This is a documentary study, cross-sectional with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 70 follow-up charts for the elderly over 80 years. The data were collected through a semi-structured form, carried out from May to June 2015. It was verified that 50% of the participants presented more than 8 years of study. It was also verified that 57.1% are independent for activities of daily living (ADLs) and that 78.6% of the households are adequate to reduce the risk of falls. Among the existing clinical comorbidities, arterial hypertension is present in 22%, followed by Diabetes Mellitus, with 14.3%. It is considered in this study that functional loss is still a condition of attention to nursing care for the elderly population, as it can cause fractures, immobility syndrome, increased dependency, depression, social isolation, among other issues relating to the senility process, implying, therefore, the need to act in a continuous and dynamic form in health education strategies to this growing part of the population. Keywords: Geriatric Assessment. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Nursing Care.
Collapse
|
6
|
Macedo EMA, Santos WC, Sousa BP, Lopes EM, Piauilino CA, Cunha FVM, Sousa DP, Oliveira FA, Almeida FRC. Association of terpinolene and diclofenac presents antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory synergistic effects in a model of chronic inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 49:S0100-879X2016000700602. [PMID: 27332775 PMCID: PMC4918787 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of inflammatory pain is usually done by administration of
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs present high efficacy,
although side effects are common, especially gastrointestinal lesions. One of the
pharmacological strategies to minimize such effects is the combination of drugs and
natural products with synergistic analgesic effect. The monoterpene terpinolene (TPL)
is a chemical constituent of essential oils present in many plant species, which have
pharmacological activities, such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The association
of ineffective doses of TPL and diclofenac (DCF) (3.125 and 1.25 mg/kg
po, respectively) presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory
effects in the acute (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h, after treatment) and chronic (10
days) inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) in the
right hind paw of female Wistar rats (170-230 g, n=6-8). The mechanical hyperalgesia
was assessed by the Randall Selitto paw pressure test, which determines the paw
withdrawal thresholds. The development of edema was quantified by measuring the
volume of the hind paw by plethismography. The TPL/DCF association reduced
neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in the histological analysis of the paw,
following a standard staining protocol with hematoxylin and eosin and the counts were
performed with the aid of optical microscopy after chronic oral administration of
these drugs. Moreover, the TPL/DCF association did not induce macroscopic gastric
lesions. A possible mechanism of action of the analgesic effect is the involvement of
5-HT2A serotonin receptors, because ketanserin completely reversed the
antinociceptive effect of the TPL/DCF association. These results suggest that the
TPL/DCF association had a synergistic anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect without
causing apparent gastric injury, and that the serotonergic system may be involved in
the antinociceptive effect of this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M A Macedo
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - W C Santos
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - B P Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - E M Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - C A Piauilino
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - F V M Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - D P Sousa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, João Pessoa PB , Brasil, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - F A Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - F R C Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Castro T, Oliveira FA, Siddiqui MAR, Baldrighi JM, Wolf CA, Ginther OJ. Stimulation of LH, FSH, and luteal blood flow by GnRH during the luteal phase in mares. Theriogenology 2015; 85:740-6. [PMID: 26600292 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A study was performed on the effect of a single dose per mare of 0 (n = 9), 100 (n = 8), or 300 (n = 9) of GnRH on Day 10 (Day 0 = ovulation) on concentrations of LH, FSH, and progesterone (P4) and blood flow to the CL ovary. Hormone concentration and blood flow measurements were performed at hours 0 (hour of treatment), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Blood flow was assessed by spectral Doppler ultrasonography for resistance to blood flow in an ovarian artery before entry into the CL ovary. The percentage of the CL with color Doppler signals of blood flow was estimated from videotapes of real-time color Doppler imaging by an operator who was unaware of mare identity, hour, or treatment dose. Concentrations of LH and FSH increased (P < 0.05) at hour 0.25 and decreased (P < 0.05) over hours 1 to 6; P4 concentration was not altered by treatment. Blood flow resistance decreased between hours 0 and 1, but the decrease was greater (P < 0.05) for the 100-μg dose than for the 300-μg dose. The percentage of CL with blood flow signals increased (P < 0.05) between hours 0 and 1 with no significant difference between the 100- and 300-μg doses. The results supported the hypothesis that GnRH increases LH concentration, vascular perfusion of the CL ovary, and CL blood flow during the luteal phase; however, P4 concentration was not affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Castro
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - F A Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - M A R Siddiqui
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J M Baldrighi
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - C A Wolf
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Viana AFSC, Fernandes HB, Silva FV, Oliveira IS, Freitas FFBP, Machado FDF, Costa CLS, Arcanjo DDR, Chaves MH, Oliveira FA, Oliveira RCM. Gastroprotective activity of Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire leaves on experimental ulcer models. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:316-323. [PMID: 24035848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), popularly known in Brazil as "caneleiro", is widely used in folk medicine against gastrointestinal diseases. In previous studies, the ethanol extract of leaves from Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire had shown antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and antiulcerogenic activities. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to assess the gastroprotective effect of the hydroalcoholic fraction of leaves of Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire (Cm-FHA), as well as to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were used for the evaluation of the acute toxicity, and mice and rats to study the gastroprotective activity. The potential gastroprotective of Cm-FHA was assessed on different gastric ulcer models in rodents, such as absolute ethanol, HCl/ethanol, ischemia-reperfusion, cold restraint stress and indomethacin. The participation of prostaglandins, NO-synthase pathway and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) in gastroprotective activity of Cm-FHA were evaluated after treatment with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin), a NO-synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) and a KATP channel blocker (glibenclamide 5mg/kg), respectively. Likewise, the catalase activity was determinated in order to assess the possible participation of antioxidant mechanisms. RESULTS No signs of acute toxicity was observed after oral acute administration of Cm-FHA, considering the analyzed parameters. Likewise, Cm-FHA promoted a protective effect against gastric ulcers induced by absolute ethanol (lesion inhibition by 40% at both 100 and 200mg/kg), HCl/ethanol (lesion inhibition by 50 or 48% at 100 or 200mg/kg, respectively), ischemia-reperfusion (lesion inhibition by 49 or 90% at 100 or 200mg/kg, respectively) and cold restraint stress (lesion inhibition by 63 or 76% at 100 or 200mg/kg, respectively), as well as a increase of catalase activity was observed. Otherwise, Cm-FHA was not able to protect gastric mucosa against indomethacin-induced lesions. Nitric oxide release, the of KATP channels opening and antioxidant activity are the possibly involved in the Cm-FHA-induced gastroprotective activity. CONCLUSION This study corroborates the folk medicine use of Cenostigma macrophyllum for treatment of gastric ulcers, as well as reinforces this species as a valuable source of promising natural drugs with gastroprotective activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F S C Viana
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Perdigão J, Fernandes SD, Pinto AM, Oliveira FA. Effect of Artificial Aging and Surface Treatment on Bond Strengths to Dental Zirconia. Oper Dent 2013; 38:168-76. [DOI: 10.2341/11-489-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The objective of this project was to study the influence of artificial aging and surface treatment on the microtensile bond strengths (μTBS) between zirconia and a phosphate monomer–based self-adhesive cement. Thirty zirconia disks (IPS e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) were randomly assigned to two aging regimens: AR, used as received, which served as a control, and AG, artificial aging to simulate low-temperature degradation. Subsequently, the disks of each aging regimen were assigned to three surface treatments: NT, no surface treatment; CO, surface silicatization with CoJet sand (3M ESPE); and ZP, zirconia surface treated with Z-Prime Plus (Bisco Inc). Thirty discs were made of Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) composite resin and luted to the zirconia discs using RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE). The specimens were sectioned with a diamond blade in X and Y directions to obtain bonded beams with a cross-section of 1.0 ± 0.2 mm. The beams were tested in tensile mode in a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min to measure μTBS. Selected beams were selected for fractographic analysis under the SEM. Statistical analysis was carried out with two-way analysis of variance and Dunnett T3 post hoc test at a significance level of 95%. The mean μTBS for the three AR subgroups (AR-NT, AR-CO, and AR-ZP) were significantly higher than those of the corresponding AG groups (p<0.0001). Both AR-CO and AR-ZP resulted in statistically significant higher mean bond strengths than the group AR-NT (p<0.006 and p<0.0001, respectively). Both AG-CO and AG-ZP resulted in statistically significant higher mean bond strengths than the group AG-NT (both at p<0.0001). Overall, AG decreased mean μTBS. Under the SEM, mixed failures showed residual cement attached to the zirconia side of the beams. CO resulted in a characteristic roughness of the zirconia surface. AR-ZP was the only group for which the amount of residual cement occupied at least 50% of the interface in mixed failures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Perdigão
- Jorge Perdigão, DMD, MS, PhD, University of Minnesota, Department of Restorative Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - SD Fernandes
- Sara D. Fernandes, DMD, Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz Institute for Health Sciences, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - AM Pinto
- Ana M. Pinto, DMD, MS, Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz Institute for Health Sciences, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - FA Oliveira
- Filipe A. Oliveira, PhD, University of Aveiro, Department of Ceramic and Glass Engineering, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moreira PA, Sousa SAS, Oliveira FA, Araújo NH, Fernandes GW, Oliveira DA. Characterization of nine transferred SSR markers in the tropical tree species Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae). Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:3729-34. [PMID: 22930434 DOI: 10.4238/2012.august.17.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Transfer of molecular markers is widely used in conservation genetic studies. We investigated the transferability of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed for Enterolobium cyclocarpum to E. contortisiliquum, a tropical tree widely distributed in dry forests. A set of 9 evaluated SSR markers were amplified in E. contortisiliquum and the degree of polymorphism was assessed in 8 trees sampled from each of 5 populations from central Brazil. All loci were polymorphic and the mean number of alleles for all loci was 6. In addition, all pairs of SSR markers were in linkage equilibrium. For most loci, the observed heterozygosity was higher than the expected heterozygosity under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with fixation indices not significantly different from zero. The combined probability of paternity exclusion was high and the probability of identity was very low. We conclude that these SSR markers developed for E. cyclocarpum are applicable for genetic studies of E. contortisiliquum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Moreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oliveira FA, Ehrig V, Lang K, Heukelbach J, Stoffler-Meilicke M, Ignatius R, Hengge UR, Feldmeier H. Human papillomavirus genotype distribution and risk factors for infection in women from a small municipality in north east Brazil. Int J STD AIDS 2012; 23:e5-10. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the HPV genotypes and factors associated with infection, we conducted a population-based survey in a small municipality in north east Brazil among women aged between 12 and 49 years. A questionnaire regarding socioeconomic variables, reproductive life and sexual behaviour was used, and women were examined gynaecologically, followed by collection of vaginal lavage with saline solution for HPV DNA determination. HPV DNA was detected by the Digene® SHARP SignalTM-System, and further genotyped by INNO-LiPA Genotyping System®. Of 579 women, HPV infection was present in 68 (prevalence: 11.7%; 95% CI: 9.3–14.7). The most common HPV types were 16, 31 and 74, each accounting for 14.7% of infections. Of all HPV-positive women, 35.3% showed multiple HPV genotypes. Variables independently associated with HPV infection were: ≥3 partners in life (adjusted OR [aOR]: 3.06; 95% CI: 1.68–5.60) and the use of oral contraception in the last 12 months (aOR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.33–4.30). Previous participation in a cervical cancer screening programme was protective (aOR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13–0.60). HPV infection is common among women from rural Brazil, and HPV genotypes identified indicate that immunization could be an important preventive measure in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Oliveira
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Anton Breinl Centre for Public Health and Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - V Ehrig
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene
| | - K Lang
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene
| | - J Heukelbach
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Anton Breinl Centre for Public Health and Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - R Ignatius
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Charité University, Berlin
| | - U R Hengge
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferreira RMS, Santos MVS, Donato CC, Andrade JS, Oliveira FA. Analytical results for long-time behavior in anomalous diffusion. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 86:021121. [PMID: 23005736 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.021121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate through a generalized Langevin formalism the phenomenon of anomalous diffusion for asymptotic times, and we generalized the concept of the diffusion exponent. A method is proposed to obtain the diffusion coefficient analytically through the introduction of a time scaling factor λ. We obtain as well an exact expression for λ for all kinds of diffusion. Moreover, we show that λ is a universal parameter determined by the diffusion exponent. The results are then compared with numerical calculations and very good agreement is observed. The method is general and may be applied to many types of stochastic problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M S Ferreira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cruz JS, Kushmerick C, Moreira-Lobo DC, Oliveira FA. Thiamine deficiency in vitro accelerates A-type potassium current inactivation in cerebellar granule neurons. Neuroscience 2012; 221:108-14. [PMID: 22771620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency during embryonic or early postnatal development causes deficits in cerebellum-dependent activities including motor control and procedural memory. Here, we give a detailed description of the changes to A-type current in cultured cerebellar granule neurons exposed to thiamine deficiency in vitro. A-type current in treated neurons was reduced to 51% of that in controls. The remaining A-type current in treated neurons exhibited normal activation kinetics and voltage dependence whereas inactivation was markedly faster. These effects were selective because the delayed-rectifier potassium current density and kinetics were unchanged in thiamine-deficient neurons. A computational model of the cerebellar granule neuron was used to test the impact of these alterations and predicts an increase in excitability that is especially pronounced for synaptic activation. Our results suggest that the loss of A-type potassium conductance leads to hyperactivity in cerebellar granule neurons and may contribute to cell death observed in the granule layer of cerebellum during thiamine-deficiency in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Institudo de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Silva LL, Gomes BS, Sousa-Neto BP, Oliveira JPC, Ferreira ELF, Chaves MH, Oliveira FA. Effects of Lecythis pisonis Camb. (Lecythidaceae) in a mouse model of pruritus. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139:90-7. [PMID: 22063727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lecythis pisonis Camb. (Lecythidaceae), is popularly known as "Sapucaia". In traditional medicine, leaves are used for the treatment of pruritus. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study is aimed to investigate the antipruritic effect of the ethanol extract from leaves of Lecythis pisonis (LPEE), fractions (hexane-LPHF, ether-LPEF and ethyl acetate-LPEAF) and mixture of triterpenes [ursolic and oleanolic acids (MT)] in mice and rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The LPEE, LPHF, LPEF, LPEAF and MT were evaluated on scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 in mice. In addition, LPEE, LPEF and MT were investigated on rat peritoneal mast cells degranulation induced by compound 48/80 (ex vivo study). The anti-inflammatory activity of LPEE and LPEF was investigated in rats using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model. In the evaluation of the spontaneous motor activity, the LPEE was studied for its effect on spontaneous motor activity in an open-field test in mice. RESULTS The scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 was significantly inhibited in mice pretreated with LPEE, LPHF, LPEF, LPEAF and MT. The suppressive effect of LPEE, LPEF and MT was only partially antagonized by naloxone. In addition, the compound 48/80-elicited degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells was also markedly reduced in animals pretreated with LPEE, LPEF and MT. In the anti-inflammatory test, LPEE decreased the paw edema at the third hour after carrageenan (Carr) administration. Moreover, LPEF also was able to inhibit the oedematogenic response evoked by carr at all analysed time points. In the open-field test, LPEE-pretreated mice showed no impairment of spontaneous locomotion. Furthermore, the LPEE demonstrated no overt toxicity up to an oral dose of 2g/kg in an acute toxicity assay. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly indicate the antipruritic effects of Lecythis pisonis leaves and suggest that this effect may be related to a stabilizing action on mast cell membrane. Furthermore, these data support the traditional use of this plant against cutaneous pruritus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Silva
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oliveira FA, Paludo KS, Arend LNVS, Farah SMSS, Pedrosa FO, Souza EM, Surek M, Picheth G, Fadel-Picheth CMT. Virulence characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Genet Mol Res 2011; 10:4114-25. [PMID: 22057993 DOI: 10.4238/2011.october.31.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Eight virulence factors associated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) were investigated in 204 clinical isolates of E. coli recovered from urine cultures at counts ≥10(5). The bacteria were classified into two groups according to the number of leukocytes in urine samples from which they were isolated: group I ≤8 leukocytes/hpf, 104 strains; group II >8 leukocytes/hpf, 100 strains. Two multiplex PCR systems were used to detect genes encoding adhesin P (pap), adhesin S (sfa), afimbrial adhesin I (afa), siderophore aerobactin (aer), alpha-hemolysin (hly), cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (cnf1), and traT associated with serum resistance. The PAI marker for the virulence island identified in strains CFT072 and CVD432, a marker of enteroaggregative E. coli, was also investigated using PCR. The susceptibility profile of E. coli strains was determined by disk diffusion method. Ninety percent UPEC showed at least one of the virulence genes, the prevalence being traT (76%), aer (41%), PAI (32%), sfa (26%), pap (25%), cnf1 (18%), afa (6%), and hly (5%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of virulence genes between groups I and II. A significantly higher degree of virulence was detected in UPEC group II. The CVD432 gene was not detected in any of the UPECs. Fifty-nine percent of the strains were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials that we tested; the most common being resistance to ampicillin (51%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (44%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Oliveira
- Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Freitas FFBP, Fernandes HB, Piauilino CA, Pereira SS, Carvalho KIM, Chaves MH, Soares PMG, Miura LMCV, Leite JRSA, Oliveira RCM, Oliveira FA. Gastroprotective activity of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. in animal models. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 137:700-708. [PMID: 21723384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The stem barks of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (Rutaceae), locally known as "mamica de cadela", are popularly used in dyspepsies, stomachic, tonic, antitumoral, antipyretic and are used in treating flatulence and colic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium (EEZR) stem barks in acute gastric lesion models, investigating their possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were used for the evaluation of the acute toxicity, and mice and rats to study the gastroprotective activity. The gastroprotective action of EEZR was analyzed in the absolute ethanol, HCl/ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric lesion models in mice, hypothermic-restraint stress, and ischemia/reperfusion in rats. In the investigation of the gastroprotective mechanisms of EEZR, the participation of the NO-synthase pathway, ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)), the levels of the non-protein sulfhydril groups (NP-SH) and the catalase activity using the ethanol-induced gastric mucosa lesion model and the quantification of the gastric mucus and the antisecretory activity through pylorus ligature model in rats were analyzed. RESULTS The animals did not present any signs of acute toxicity for the EEZR (up to the 4 g/kg dose, po), and it was not possible to calculate the DL(50). EEZR (125-500 mg/kg) exhibited a significant gastroprotective effect in absolute ethanol, HCl/ethanol, hypothermic-restraint stress, and ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric lesion models. EEZR (250 and 500 mg/kg) exhibited still a gastroprotective activity in the indomethacin-induced ulcer model. Gastroprotection of EEZR was significantly decreased in pre-treated mice with l-NAME or glibenclamide, the respective nitric oxide synthase and K(ATP) channels inhibitors. Our studies revealed that EEZR (500 mg/kg) prevented the decrease of the non-protein sulfhydril groups (NP-SH) and increased the catalase levels in ethanol-treated animals. Furthermore, the extract (500 mg/kg) significantly increased the mucus production, however, the gastric secretion parameters (volume, [H(+)], pH) did not show any alteration. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium exhibits a significant gastroprotection, because it inhibits the formation of gastric lesions using different models. The release of the nitric oxide, the opening of the K(ATP) channels, the participation of the non-protein sulfhydril groups (NP-SH), catalase and the increase of mucous secretion seem to be involved in the gastroprotection activity of the EEZR. Nevertheless, this activity does not seem to be related to antisecretory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F F B P Freitas
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Heukelbach J, Canyon DV, Oliveira FA, Muller R, Speare R. In vitro efficacy of over-the-counter botanical pediculicides against the head louse Pediculus humanus var capitis based on a stringent standard for mortality assessment. Med Vet Entomol 2008; 22:264-272. [PMID: 18816275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Infestation of the head louse Pediculus humanus var capitis DeGeer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) is an important public health problem in Australia, with up to a third of children infested in some primary schools. Insecticide resistance and inadequate attention to the application instructions of topical pediculicides are common reasons for treatment failure. This study evaluated six popular Australian over-the-counter products against head lice, primarily comprised of different botanical extracts, and compared them with permethrin 1% (Quellada) and a non-treatment control in order to assess their in vitro efficacy. We also assessed commonly used criteria for evaluating pediculicide efficacy in vitro. All tested products failed to demonstrate high levels of efficacy with the exception of Tea Tree Gel((R)), which outperformed 1% permethrin. Permethrin had a high level of efficacy, but using stringent criteria 18% of lice were not dead at 3 h, indicating some resistance to Quellada. Commonly used less stringent criteria were shown to overestimate mortality of head lice as a result of the protective phenomenon of stasis or sham death observed in exposed lice that may recover after some time. Using two different levels of stringency resulted in different rankings of efficacy for most products, with the exception of the first ranked product, Tea Tree Gel. Rankings of efficacy also varied over time, even within the different assessment criteria. Government regulatory agencies should require standard in vitro tests using stringent mortality criteria, with an observation period of >or= 6 h, to determine the efficacy of new pediculicides, and only products that cause a minimum mortality rate (e.g. 80%) in head lice collected from the target population should be licensed for sale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Heukelbach
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Batista AA, Oliveira FA, Nazareno HN. Duffing oscillators: control and memory effects. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 77:066216. [PMID: 18643359 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.066216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the first part of this article we study the hysteretic bistable response of Duffing oscillators and show ways to control the switching between stable branches of this nonlinear response. The control mechanism is either applied through a pulse that can be in phase or out of phase with the periodic driving force or through a frequency-modulated driving force. In the second part we show how memory effects in dissipation qualitatively and quantitatively alter the dynamics of Duffing oscillators. We show how memory functions corresponding to different dissipative regimes (diffusion, subdiffusion, and superdiffusion) affect the oscillator. In particular, we obtain universal power laws for the absoption when the driving frequency omega-->0 . For subdiffusive memories the power law exponents nu<2 , for diffusive memories nu=2 , and for superdiffusive memories nu>2 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano A Batista
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58109-970, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kusel JR, Oliveira FA, Todd M, Ronketti F, Lima SF, Mattos ACA, Reis KT, Coelho PMZ, Thornhill JA, Ribeiro F. The effects of drugs, ions, and poly-l-lysine on the excretory system of Schistosoma mansoni. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 101 Suppl 1:293-8. [PMID: 17308785 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have been able to label the excretory system of cercariae and all forms of schistosomula, immature and adult worms with the highly fluorescent dye resorufin. We have shown that the accumulation of the resorufin into the excretory tubules and collecting ducts of the male adult worm depends on the presence of extracellular calcium and phosphate ions. In the adult male worms, praziquantel (PZQ) prevents this accumulation in RPMI medium and disperses resorufin from tubules which have been prelabelled. Female worms and all other developmental stages are much less affected either by the presence of calcium and phosphate ions, or the disruption caused by PZQ. The male can inhibit the excretory system in paired female. Fluorescent PZQ localises in the posterior gut (intestine) region of the male adult worm, but not in the excretory system, except for the anionic carboxy fluorescein derivative of PZQ, which may be excreted by this route. All stages of the parasite can recover from damage by PZQ treatment in vitro. The excretory system is highly sensitive to damage to the surface membrane and may be involved in vesicle movement and damage repair processes. In vivo the adult parasite does not recover from PZQ treatment, but what is inhibiting recovery is unknown, but likely to be related to immune effector molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Kusel
- Glasgow University, Glasgow, Scotland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oliveira FA, Kusel JR, Ribeiro F, Coelho PMZ. Responses of the surface membrane and excretory system of Schistosoma mansoni to damage and to treatment with praziquantel and other biomolecules. Parasitology 2005; 132:321-30. [PMID: 16318676 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005009169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 08/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the surface membrane of adult Schistosoma mansoni, and the activity of the excretory system, as shown by resorufin fluorescence, was observed following treatment with praziquantel and incubation with other molecules. Praziquantel treatment induced damage to the surface membrane as measured by the use of a variety of fluorescent compounds. The excretory system of the male worm was inhibited immediately after praziquantel treatment, but fully recovered after culture for 2 h following removal of praziquantel. The excretory system of the female, observed to be minimally active in untreated worm pairs, was often greatly activated in paired females, as shown by intense resorufin labelling, after praziquantel treatment, and this continued during recovery of the male excretory system. In experiments with normal worm pairs, the female could be activated by inhibiting the metabolic rate of the pair by a cooling procedure. The effects on the excretory system of changes in culture conditions (such as changes in pH, concentrations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, compounds which remove cholesterol, such as beta-methyl cyclodextrin, and damaging basic poly-L-lysine) were also assessed. It is concluded that the extensive excretory system of the adult worm is responsive to drug treatment and to certain changes in environmental conditions. Its activity seems to be strongly linked to the integrity of the surface membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fiocruz, Belo-Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to identify and characterize heat stable proteinases of psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria isolated from raw milk. METHODS AND RESULTS A strain of Klebsiella oxytoca producing a high proteolytic activity when cultured on milk was isolated. Maximum proteolytic activity was observed at the stationary phase during growth on milk or casein-peptone broth. The bacterium demonstrated the capability to grow at 7 degrees C, classified as psychrotrophic. The crude enzyme showed optimum activity at 37 degrees C, and pH 5.0 and 7.0. The proteinase was very resistant to heat, maintaining 74% of initial activity after incubation at 142 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS A heat stable protease of a psychrotrophic strain of K. oxytoca was identified and partially characterized. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Thermal stable proteases may constitute a serious problem to ultra-high temperature (UHT) processed milk, leading to undesirable physical and sensory alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C Tondo
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, ICTA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oliveira FA, Morgado R, Dias C, Batrouni GG, Hansen A. Comment on "nonstationarity induced by long-time noise correlations in the Langevin equation". Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:5839-5840. [PMID: 11415371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
23
|
Maroja AM, Oliveira FA, Michał M, Longa L. Polymer fragmentation in extensional flow. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:061801. [PMID: 11415130 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2000] [Revised: 09/25/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present an analysis of fragmentation of dilute polymer solutions in extensional flow. The transition rate is investigated both from theoretical and computational approaches, where the existence of a Gaussian distribution for the breaking bonds has been controversial. We give as well an explanation for the low fragmentation frequency found in DNA experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Maroja
- Curso de Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília. 72170-100, Taguatinga DF, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ciesla M, Dias SP, Longa L, Oliveira FA. Synchronization induced by Langevin dynamics. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:065202. [PMID: 11415160 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.065202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Equilibrium Langevin dynamics of one-dimensional Lennard-Jones chains is studied. It is shown that depending on the noise strength, the friction constant and the number of particles, chains can synchronize, break, or remain desynchronized. Generally the synchronization time and the maximal Lyapunov exponent are found to depend on the number of particles and the ratio of noise strength to friction constant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ciesla
- Department of Statistical Physics, Jagellonian University, Reymonta 4, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mello BA, Chaves AS, Oliveira FA. Discrete atomistic model to simulate etching of a crystalline solid. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:041113. [PMID: 11308825 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.041113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A discrete atomistic solid-on-solid model is proposed to describe dissolution of a crystalline solid by a liquid. The model is based on the simple assumption that the probability per unit time of a unit cell being removed is proportional to its exposed area. Numerical simulations in one dimension demonstrate that the model has very good scaling properties. After removal of only about 10(2) monolayers, independently of the substrate size, the etched surface shows almost time-independent short-range correlations and the receding surface presents the Family-Vicsek scaling behavior. The scaling parameters alpha=0.491+/-0.002 and beta=0.330+/-0.001 indicate that the system belongs to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. The imposition of periodic boundary conditions on the simulations reduces the effective system size by a factor of 0.68 without changing the exponents alpha and beta. Surprisingly, the periodic condition changes drastically the statistics of the surface height fluctuations and the short-range correlations. Without periodic conditions, that statistics is, up to 3 standard deviations, an asymmetric Lévy distribution with mu=1.82+/-0.01, and outside this region the statistics is Gaussian. With periodic conditions, that statistics is Gaussian, except for large negative fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Mello
- Physics Department, Catholic University of Brasília, 72030-170, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
A new tryptamine analogue, N-salicyloyltryptamine (STP), a potential central nervous system (CNS) depressant, was tested in the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) models of epilepsy in mice. When administered concurrently, STP (100 mg/kg ip) significantly reduced the number of animals that exhibited PTZ-induced seizures and eliminated the extensor reflex of maximal electric-induced seizures test in 50% of the experimental animals. In addition, it showed protection in the PTZ test by diminishing the death rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Caixa Postal 5009, CEP 58051-970, PB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oliveira FA, Mello BA, Xavier IM. Scaling transformation of random walk distributions in a lattice. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:7200-7203. [PMID: 11088419 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.7200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We use a decimation procedure in order to obtain the dynamical renormalization group transformation (RGT) properties of random walk distribution in a 1+1 lattice. We obtain an equation similar to the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation. First we show the existence of invariants through the RGT. We also show the existence of functions which are semi-invariants through the RGT. Second, we show as well that the distribution R(q)(x)=[1+b(q-1)x(2)](1/(1-q)) (q>1), which is an exact solution of a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation, is a semi-invariant for RGT. We obtain the map q(')=f(q) from the RGT and we show that this map has two fixed points: q=1, attractor, and q=2, repellor, which are the Gaussian and the Lorentzian, respectively. We show the connections between these result and the Levy flights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Oliveira
- Institute of Physics and International Centre of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Brasília, Caixa Postal 04513, 70919-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main aspects of the HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection in the adult patients attended by the main reference hospital for infectious diseases in the State of Ceará, Brazil, responsible for the notification of 89.3% of the cases registered in the state between 1986 and 1992 were investigated. METHODOLOGY Data were collected from the case histories of patients of more than 15 years of age with a diagnosis of AIDS, attended in a state reference hospital in Northeastern Brazil. The analysis of the data obeys the criteria of the Ministry of Health for the definition of this disease. RESULTS Tuberculosis had been present in 30.6% of the patients studied (151/493) and it was diagnosed by the first year after the AIDS diagnosis in 76.8% of the cases. The proportion of AIDS cases with tuberculosis is significantly greater (p = 0.032) among men (94.7%) than among women (88.3%). An increased linear trend in the proportion of cases with tuberculosis was noticed in the AIDS cases according to the decrease in level of schooling (p < 0.001). The direct baciloscopy of the sputum although considered a high priority exam, was made in only 72.9% of the patients, presenting positive results in 28.3% of these. The extrapulmonary form was detected in 23.9% of the cases and, among those, the miliary form in 25% and the meningitis in 16.7%. These results differ in a significant way (p < 0.001 for all) from the cases with tuberculosis without HIV infection in adults registered in the state in 1992 (9.8% extrapulmonary, 7.2% miliary and 3.3% meningitis). In most cases, death occurred in the presence of tuberculosis (52.3%), and only 10.6% managed to recover from the tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS The premature development of tuberculosis in AIDS patients, the presence of a high percentage of extrapulmonary forms and the high lethality are indicator that the prevention and control measures of these two pathologies cannot be considered separately in this State.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L R Kerr-Pontes
- Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFCE), Fortaleza, Brasil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Longa L, Curado EM, Oliveira FA. Roundoff-induced coalescence of chaotic trajectories. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 54:R2201-R2204. [PMID: 9965441 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.54.r2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Oliveira FA. Dynamical renormalization of anharmonic lattices at the onset of fracture: Analytical results for scaling, noise, and memory. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:1009-1016. [PMID: 9980678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
32
|
|
33
|
Oliveira FA. [Prophylactic use of antibiotics in pedodontics]. Rev Gaucha Odontol 1976; 24:110-4. [PMID: 1077201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
34
|
Oliveira FA, Castro H, Lobo S, de Castano P. [Reimplantation of permanent anterior teeth]. Rev Gaucha Odontol 1974; 22:96-102. [PMID: 4530451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|