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Ambrosio LF, Volpini X, Quiroz JN, Brugo MB, Knubel CP, Herrera MR, Fozzatti L, Avila Pacheco J, Clish CB, Takenaka MC, Beloscar J, Theumer MG, Quintana FJ, Perez AR, Motrán CC. Association between altered tryptophan metabolism, plasma aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, and inflammatory Chagas disease. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1267641. [PMID: 38283348 PMCID: PMC10811785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas disease causes a cardiac illness characterized by immunoinflammatory reactions leading to myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. The development of Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC) in some patients while others remain asymptomatic is not fully understood, but dysregulated inflammatory responses are implicated. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation. Certain tryptophan (Trp) metabolites have been identified as AhR ligands with regulatory functions. Methods results and discussion We investigated AhR expression, agonist response, ligand production, and AhR-dependent responses, such as IDO activation and regulatory T (Treg) cells induction, in two T. cruzi-infected mouse strains (B6 and Balb/c) showing different polymorphisms in AhR. Furthermore, we assessed the metabolic profile of Trp catabolites and AhR agonistic activity levels in plasma samples from patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD) and healthy donors (HD) using a luciferase reporter assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS) analysis. T. cruzi-infected B6 mice showed impaired AhR-dependent responses compared to Balb/c mice, including reduced IDO activity, kynurenine levels, Treg cell induction, CYP1A1 up-regulation, and AhR expression following agonist activation. Additionally, B6 mice exhibited no detectable AhR agonist activity in plasma and displayed lower CYP1A1 up-regulation and AhR expression upon agonist activation. Similarly, CCC patients had decreased AhR agonistic activity in plasma compared to HD patients and exhibited dysregulation in Trp metabolic pathways, resulting in altered plasma metabolite profiles. Notably, patients with severe CCC specifically showed increased N-acetylserotonin levels in their plasma. The methods and findings presented here contribute to a better understanding of CCC development mechanisms and may identify potential specific biomarkers for T. cruzi infection and the severity of associated heart disease. These insights could be valuable in designing new therapeutic strategies. Ultimately, this research aims to establish the AhR agonistic activity and Trp metabolic profile in plasma as an innovative, non-invasive predictor of prognosis for chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernanda Ambrosio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ximena Volpini
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Nahuel Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Belén Brugo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Paola Knubel
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melisa Rocío Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Fozzatti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julián Avila Pacheco
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Maisa C. Takenaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan Beloscar
- Servicio de Cardiología, Departamento de Chagas, Hospital Provincial del Centenario y Cátedra de Cardiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Gustavo Theumer
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana Rosa Perez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cristina Motrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Olude MA, Mouihate A, Mustapha OA, Farina C, Quintana FJ, Olopade JO. Astrocytes and Microglia in Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: The African Perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:795089. [PMID: 35707531 PMCID: PMC9190229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.795089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Africa is laden with a youthful population, vast mineral resources and rich fauna. However, decades of unfortunate historical, sociocultural and leadership challenges make the continent a hotspot for poverty, indoor and outdoor pollutants with attendant stress factors such as violence, malnutrition, infectious outbreaks and psychological perturbations. The burden of these stressors initiate neuroinflammatory responses but the pattern and mechanisms of glial activation in these scenarios are yet to be properly elucidated. Africa is therefore most vulnerable to neurological stressors when placed against a backdrop of demographics that favor explosive childbearing, a vast population of unemployed youths making up a projected 42% of global youth population by 2030, repressive sociocultural policies towards women, poor access to healthcare, malnutrition, rapid urbanization, climate change and pollution. Early life stress, whether physical or psychological, induces neuroinflammatory response in developing nervous system and consequently leads to the emergence of mental health problems during adulthood. Brain inflammatory response is driven largely by inflammatory mediators released by glial cells; namely astrocytes and microglia. These inflammatory mediators alter the developmental trajectory of fetal and neonatal brain and results in long-lasting maladaptive behaviors and cognitive deficits. This review seeks to highlight the patterns and mechanisms of stressors such as poverty, developmental stress, environmental pollutions as well as malnutrition stress on astrocytes and microglia in neuroinflammation within the African context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ayokunle Olude
- Vertebrate Morphology, Environmental Toxicology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Matthew Ayokunle Olude,
| | - Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Oluwaseun Ahmed Mustapha
- Vertebrate Morphology, Environmental Toxicology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Division of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Torti MF, Giovannoni F, Quintana FJ, García CC. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor as a Modulator of Anti-viral Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624293. [PMID: 33746961 PMCID: PMC7973006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which interacts with a wide range of organic molecules of endogenous and exogenous origin, including environmental pollutants, tryptophan metabolites, and microbial metabolites. The activation of AHR by these agonists drives its translocation into the nucleus where it controls the expression of a large number of target genes that include the AHR repressor (AHRR), detoxifying monooxygenases (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1), and cytokines. Recent advances reveal that AHR signaling modulates aspects of the intrinsic, innate and adaptive immune response to diverse microorganisms. This review will focus on the increasing evidence supporting a role for AHR as a modulator of the host response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Torti
- Laboratory of Antiviral Strategies, Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Giovannoni
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cybele Carina García
- Laboratory of Antiviral Strategies, Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mendelsohn AC, Sanmarco LM, Spallanzani RG, Brown D, Quintana FJ, Breton S, Battistone MA. From initial segment to cauda: a regional characterization of mouse epididymal CD11c + mononuclear phagocytes based on immune phenotype and function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C997-C1010. [PMID: 32991210 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00392.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful sperm maturation and storage rely on a unique immunological balance that protects the male reproductive organs from invading pathogens and spermatozoa from a destructive autoimmune response. We previously characterized one subset of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) in the murine epididymis, CX3CR1+ cells, emphasizing their different functional properties. This population partially overlaps with another subset of understudied heterogeneous MPs, the CD11c+ cells. In the present study, we analyzed the CD11c+ MPs for their immune phenotype, morphology, and antigen capturing and presenting abilities. Epididymides from CD11c-EYFP mice, which express enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) in CD11c+ MPs, were divided into initial segment (IS), caput/corpus, and cauda regions. Flow cytometry analysis showed that CD11c+ MPs with a macrophage phenotype (CD64+ and F4/80+) were the most abundant in the IS, whereas those with a dendritic cell signature [CD64- major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII)+] were more frequent in the cauda. Immunofluorescence revealed morphological and phenotypic differences between CD11c+ MPs in the regions examined. To assess the ability of CD11c+ cells to take up antigens, CD11c-EYFP mice were injected intravenously with ovalbumin. In the IS, MPs expressing macrophage markers were most active in taking up the antigens. A functional antigen-presenting coculture study was performed, whereby CD4+ T cells were activated after ovalbumin presentation by CD11c+ epididymal MPs. The results demonstrated that CD11c+ MPs in all regions were capable of capturing and presenting antigens. Together, this study defines a marked regional variation in epididymal antigen-presenting cells that could help us understand fertility and contraception but also has larger implications in inflammation and disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Mendelsohn
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - L M Sanmarco
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R G Spallanzani
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D Brown
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - S Breton
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - M A Battistone
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kenison-White J, Nowakowska DJ, Jhaveri A, Khase N, Tezza S, Sherr D, Quintana FJ. Tolerogenic nanoliposomes for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.237.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a T-cell mediated chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial joints, and cartilage and bone tissue destruction. Therapeutic approaches for the induction of immune tolerance are of high clinical significance, and approaches aimed at controlling the balance of effector and regulatory T cells in an antigen-specific manner remain an unmet medical need. Based on its role in the control of the immune response, the ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) represents a strong candidate target for the development of novel immunotherapies. Here, we report the development of nanoliposomes (NLPs) which co-deliver a tolerogenic AhR ligand, ITE, and collagen type IIa. These NLPs ameliorated disease symptoms in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of RA in preventive and therapeutic treatment paradigms. CIA amelioration was associated with reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the joints and decreased collagen type II specific IgG antibodies in serum. In addition, treatment with tolerogenic NLPs induced the expansion of FoxP3+ and IL10+ regulatory T cells and suppressed collagen-specific IFNγ+ effector T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that NLPs suppressed both T-cell and B-cell pathogenic responses and represent a novel therapeutic platform to induce antigen-specific tolerance for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Kenison-White J, Jhaveri A, Tezza S, Nowakowska D, Sherr D, Quintana FJ. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor as a regulator of CNS autoimmunity. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.193.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches aimed at controlling the balance between effector T cells and regulatory T cells in an antigen-specific manner are of high clinical significance in the field of autoimmunity. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been identified as a key regulator of the adaptive immune system and thus represents a strong targetable candidate for the induction of immune tolerance. Here, we report the generation of a novel liposomal platform to co-administer a tolerogenic AhR ligand, ITE, and an autoimmune disease-specific T cell antigen. Liposomes containing ITE and a T-cell epitope from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 are taken up by dendritic cells and induce a tolerogenic transcriptional program which promotes the differentiation and expansion of long-lasting antigen-specific regulatory T cells. Treatment with these liposomes almost completely prevented the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), and reversed symptoms in mice with ongoing EAE. This disease suppression was associated with the expansion of antigen-specific FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) as well as the suppression of CNS-infiltrating effector T cells. Furthermore, treatment with liposomes containing ITE and MOG reversed symptoms of disease in chronic progressive EAE in nonobese diabetic mice, an experimental model resembling several aspects of secondary progressive MS. Taken together, these results suggest that our liposomes represent a novel therapeutic platform to induce antigen-specific tolerance for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Matino D, Gargaro M, Scalisi G, Manni G, De Luca A, Puccetti P, Quintana FJ, Alfonso I, Fallarino F. The engagement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by tryptophan derivatives can prevent the development of anti-FVIII antibodies in an experimental model of hemophilia A. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.167.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Patients affected by haemophilia A require treatment with factor VIII (FVIII) protein. The most relevant complication is the development of neutralizing FVIII-specific antibodies or “inihibitors”. We reported that the inhibitor-positive status was associated with reduced activity of the immune-regulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), that promotes regulatory effects via the production of tryptophan catabolites, known as kynurenines. Some of those tryptophan derivatives are endogenous ligands for the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In this study we tested the potential of tryptophan-related AhR ligands for inhibiting the development of anti-FVIII antibodies in hemophilic (F8 KO) mice. To this aim, F8 KO mice were treated with recombinant human FVIII (rhFVIII) alone or in combination with selected AhR ligands once weekly for four weeks. Antibody titers were tested by specific ELISA and Bethesda test. All mice treated with rhFVIII developed high-titer anti-FVIII antibodies after 4 weeks of treatment. Administration of a specific tryptophan metabolite prevented the generation of anti-FVIII antibodies in almost 80% of F8 KO mice. The protective effect of these AhR ligands was negated by co-administration of the AhR antagonist CH-223191 or in AhR KO mice. Similar results were obtained by administration of engineered gold nanoparticles loaded with the same tryptophan metabolite and rhFVIII. These results suggest that the engagement of AhR, by specific tryptophan derivatives, may be a possible new strategy to control the immune response to rhFVIII. Our findings might lead to the development of novel immunomodulatory interventions for preventing or eradicating inhibitors in hemophilia A patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Matino
- 1Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- 1Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scalisi
- 1Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Manni
- 1Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Puccetti
- 1Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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Yeste A, Quintana FJ. [The microprobes of antigens for studying of autoimmune diseases]. Klin Lab Diagn 2014; 59:10-17. [PMID: 25850238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Ahmed ST, Akirav E, Bradshaw E, Buckner J, McKinney E, Quintana FJ, Waldron-Lynch F, Nepom J. Immunological biomarkers: catalysts for translational advances in autoimmune diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:178-85. [PMID: 23574315 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent workshop organized by the JDRF focused on the 'Identification and Utilization of Robust Biomarkers in Type1 Diabetes', leaders in the field of type 1 diabetes (T1D)/autoimmunity and assay technology came together from academia, government and industry to assess the current state of the field, evaluate available resources/technologies and identify gaps that need to be filled for moving the field of T1D research forward. The highlights of this workshop are discussed in this paper, as well as the proposal for a larger, planned consortium effort, incorporating a JDRF Biomarker Core, to foster collaboration and accelerate progress in this critically needed area of T1D research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ahmed
- JDRF, 26, Broadway, 14th Floor, New York, NY 10004, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the local production of antibodies in the CNS and the presence of oligoclonal bands in the CSF. Antigen arrays allow the study of antibody reactivity against a large number of antigens using small volumes of fluid with greater sensitivity than ELISA. We investigated whether there were unique autoantibodies in the CSF of patients with MS as measured by antigen arrays and whether these antibodies differed from those in serum. METHODS We used antigen arrays to analyze the reactivity of antibodies in matched serum and CSF samples of 20 patients with untreated relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 26 methylprednisolone-treated patients with RRMS, and 20 control patients with other noninflammatory neurologic conditions (ONDs) against 334 different antigens including heat shock proteins, lipids, and myelin antigens. RESULTS We found different antibody signatures in matched CSF and serum samples The targets of these antibodies included epitopes of the myelin antigens CNP, MBP, MOBP, MOG, and PLP (59%), HSP60 and HSP70 (38%), and the 68-kD neurofilament (3%). The antibody response in patients with MS was heterogeneous; CSF antibodies in individual patients reacted with different autoantigens. These autoantibodies were locally synthesized in the CNS and were of the immunoglobulin G class. Finally, we found that treatment with steroids decreased autoantibody reactivity, epitope spreading, and intrathecal autoantibody synthesis. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide a new avenue to investigate the local antibody response in the CNS, which may serve as a biomarker to monitor both disease progression and response to therapy in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kivisäkk P, Healy BC, Viglietta V, Quintana FJ, Hootstein MA, Weiner HL, Khoury SJ. Natalizumab treatment is associated with peripheral sequestration of proinflammatory T cells. Neurology 2009; 72:1922-30. [PMID: 19487650 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a8266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natalizumab is an antibody directed against integrin alpha4 that reduces disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by blocking migration of T and B cells into the CNS. The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of natalizumab treatment on cytokine production and expression of activation markers, costimulatory molecules, and trafficking determinants on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. METHODS In a longitudinal study, we investigated the expression of surface makers and cytokine expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes from 28 patients with MS who started natalizumab treatment and were followed for 1 year. A mixed effects model was used to compare pretreatment to on-treatment measurements. RESULTS The frequency of CD4+ T cells producing interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin (IL)-17 upon anti-CD3 stimulation increased 6 months after initiation of natalizumab treatment and remained elevated throughout the follow-up. The frequency of CD4+ T cells expressing CD25, HLA-DR, and CCR6 ex vivo was increased at one or more time points during treatment. Among CD8+ T cells, the frequency of cells producing IL-2 and IL-17 after stimulation was increased during natalizumab treatment, as was the frequency of CD8+ T cells expressing CD58 and CCR5 ex vivo. The increase in the frequency of activated cells could not be replicated by in vitro exposure to natalizumab. CONCLUSION Natalizumab treatment increases the percentage of activated leukocytes producing proinflammatory cytokines in blood, presumably due to sequestration of activated cells in the peripheral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kivisäkk
- Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Traditionally, immunologic diagnosis has been based on an attempt to correlate each disease with a specific immune reactivity, such as an antibody or a T-cell response to a single antigen specific for the disease entity. The state of the body, however, appears to be encoded by the immune system in collectives of reactivities and not by single reactivities. Here we describe our use of microarray technology and informatics to develop an antigen chip capable of detecting global patterns of antibodies binding to hundreds of antigens simultaneously. The patterns fashion diagnostic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Quintana
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
T-cell vaccination (TCV) controls pathogenic autoimmune T-cell responses via two different regulatory cell populations: anti-idiotypic and anti-ergotypic T cells. Anti-idiotypic T cells recognize clone-specific determinants, like the CDR3 region of the T-cell receptor. Anti-ergotypic T cells recognize antigenic determinants derived from activation markers, which are upregulated by activated T cells, like CD25. In this review, we analyse the different components of the anti-ergotypic response: (1) the target T cells, which can be CD8+ or CD4+ T cells that express TCRalphabeta or TCRgammadelta; (2) the ergotope, which can be a T cell-restricted ergotope not expressed by other cell types or a widely expressed, shared ergotope and (3) the anti-ergotypic T cells, which are detectable in the naive immune system, but whose numbers can be expanded during the induction of an immune response against, or as a result of TCV or specific, anti-ergotypic vaccination. Finally, we discuss possible interactions between anti-ergotypic regulators and other regulatory T cells. We propose that the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules by regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells may make possible the cross-regulation of anti-ergotypic and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, fine-tuning immunoregulation in the mature immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Autoantibodies are commonly found in healthy individuals and strains of mice that are not prone to autoimmunity. The present study was undertaken to identify self antigens recognized by serum autoantibodies from unimmunized mice of two strains: NOD mice prone to spontaneously develop autoimmune diabetes and C57BL/6 mice known to be relatively resistant to autoimmune disease. IgM and IgG autoantibodies detected in the sera of NOD and C57BL/6 mice manifested different patterns of reactivity. The IgM autoantibodies from C57BL/6 serum reacted with more self antigens and showed higher OD values than the IgM autoantibodies from NOD mice. In contrast, the IgG autoantibodies from NOD serum reacted with more antigens and displayed higher OD readings than did IgG autoantibodies from C57BL/6 mice. Among the antigens recognized by the autoantibodies, particularly of the IgG class, were self antigens known to induce experimental autoimmune diseases in NOD and C57BL/6 mice. In addition, IgG autoantibodies from NOD mice reacted with self antigens reported to mark the spontaneous autoimmune diabetes that characterizes this strain of mice. These results suggest that naturally occurring IgG autoantibodies reflect susceptibility to induction of specific autoimmune diseases. In addition, the results suggest that IgM autoantibodies may by associated with mechanisms that might prevent autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Quintana
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Quintana FJ, Rotem A, Carmi P, Cohen IR. Vaccination with empty plasmid DNA or CpG oligonucleotide inhibits diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice: modulation of spontaneous 60-kDa heat shock protein autoimmunity. J Immunol 2000; 165:6148-55. [PMID: 11086048 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice develop insulitis and diabetes through a process involving autoimmunity to the 60-kDa heat shock protein (HSP60). Treatment of NOD mice with HSP60 or with peptides derived from HSP60 inhibits this diabetogenic process. We now report that NOD diabetes can be inhibited by vaccination with a DNA construct encoding human HSP60, with the pcDNA3 empty vector, or with an oligonucleotide containing the CpG motif. Prevention of diabetes was associated with a decrease in the degree of insulitis and with down-regulation of spontaneous proliferative T cell responses to HSP60 and its peptide p277. Moreover, both the pcDNA3 vector and the CpG oligonucleotide induced specific Abs, primarily of the IgG2b isotype, to HSP60 and p277, and not to other islet Ags (glutamic acid decarboxylase or insulin) or to an unrelated recombinant Ag expressed in bacteria (GST). The IgG2b isotype of the specific Abs together with the decrease in T cell proliferative responses indicate a shift of the autoimmune process to a Th2 type in treated mice. These results suggest that immunostimulation by bacterial DNA motifs can modulate spontaneous HSP60 autoimmunity and inhibit NOD diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Chaperonin 60/administration & dosage
- Chaperonin 60/genetics
- Chaperonin 60/immunology
- CpG Islands/genetics
- CpG Islands/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Female
- Growth Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Growth Inhibitors/immunology
- Heat-Shock Proteins/administration & dosage
- Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/immunology
- Immunization Schedule
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/biosynthesis
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Immunosuppressive Agents/immunology
- Incidence
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/immunology
- Species Specificity
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Quintana
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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16
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Curry JJ, Quintana FJ. Myocardial infarction with ventricular fibrillation during pregnancy treated by direct current defibrillation with fetal survival. Chest 1970; 58:82-4. [PMID: 5425309 DOI: 10.1378/chest.58.1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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