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Marín FR, Hernández-Ruiz J, Arnao MB. A colorimetric method for the determination of different functional flavonoids using 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and peroxidase. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:1033-1039. [PMID: 31407950 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1650378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In many occasions it is necessary to use fast and simple methods, different to the chromatographic techniques, for the quantification of biomolecules such as flavonoids. Also, the flavonoid levels in some foodstuffs can be influenced by industrial extraction processes such as pressing and squeezing, resulting in modification of their functional value. For this purpose, we have developed a rapid method to analyze flavonoids, based on a coupling reaction between ABTS and flavonoid mediated by peroxidase. The present method can be used to detect and measure flavonoids with hydroxyl moieties on A- or B-rings, not adjacent to methoxy or oxo substitutions. The visible spectrum of the ABTS-flavonoid complex, the calibration curve (within the range 5-50 μM) and the molar absorption coefficients for isosakuranetin, isonaringin, rhoifolin, hyperoside, rutin, hesperetin, quercetin, kaempherol and naringenin are given. The method has been applied to complex culture media and is sensitive, accurate, quick and easy to apply. This method can be used in laboratories that do not have sophisticated and expensive techniques such as liquid chromatography and also as a quick, simple and inexpensive technique for student practice laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R Marín
- Department of Applied Chemistry-Physics. Faculty of Science, University Autónoma of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
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Gil-Ramírez A, Pavo-Caballero C, Baeza E, Baenas N, Garcia-Viguera C, Marín FR, Soler-Rivas C. Mushrooms do not contain flavonoids. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Gil-Ramírez A, Caz V, Smiderle FR, Martin-Hernandez R, Largo C, Tabernero M, Marín FR, Iacomini M, Reglero G, Soler-Rivas C. Water-Soluble Compounds from Lentinula edodes Influencing the HMG-CoA Reductase Activity and the Expression of Genes Involved in the Cholesterol Metabolism. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:1910-1920. [PMID: 26877235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A water extract from Lentinula edodes (LWE) showed HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity but contained no statins. NMR indicated the presence of water-soluble α- and β-glucans and fucomannogalactans. Fractions containing derivatives of these polysaccharides with molecular weight down to approximately 1 kDa still retained their inhibitory activity. Once digested LWE was applied to Caco2 in transport experiments, no significant effect was noticed on the modulation of cholesterol-related gene expression. But, when the lower compartment of the Caco2 monolayer was applied to HepG2, some genes were modulated (after 24 h). LWE was also administrated to normo- and hypercholesterolemic mice, and no significant lowering of serum cholesterol levels was observed; but reduction of triglycerides in liver was observed. However, LWE supplementation modulated the transcriptional profile of some genes involved in the cholesterol metabolism similarly to simvastatin, suggesting that it could hold potential as a hypolipidemic/hypocholesterolemic extract, although further dose-dependent studies should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Gil-Ramírez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Caz
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Resarch Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fhernanda R Smiderle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana , CP 19046 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Roberto Martin-Hernandez
- Imdea-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio n° 7), Crta. de Cantoblanco n° 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Largo
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Resarch Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Tabernero
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Resarch Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco R Marín
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcello Iacomini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana , CP 19046 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Imdea-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio n° 7), Crta. de Cantoblanco n° 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Soler-Rivas
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Caz V, Gil-Ramírez A, Santamaría M, Tabernero M, Soler-Rivas C, Martín-Hernández R, Marín FR, Reglero G, Largo C. Plasma Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Lard Functionalized with Mushroom Extracts Is Independent of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 Protein and ABC Sterol Transporter Gene Expression in Hypercholesterolemic Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:1686-1694. [PMID: 26900983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Interest in food matrices supplemented with mushrooms as hypocholesterolemic functional foods is increasing. This study was to (i) investigate the hypocholesterolemic activity of lard functionalized with mushroom extracts (LF) including fungal β-glucans, water-soluble polysaccharides, or ergosterol and (ii) examine the LF influence on transcriptional mechanisms involved in cholesterol metabolism. mRNA levels of 17 cholesterol-related genes were evaluated in jejunum, cecum, and liver of high cholesterol-fed mice. The four tested LFs decreased plasma cholesterol by 22-42%, HDLc by 18-40%, and LDLc by 27-51%, and two of them increased mRNA levels of jejunal Npc1l1 and Abcg5 and hepatic Npc1l1. mRNA levels of other cholesterol-related genes were unchanged. These findings suggest that LF may have potential as a dietary supplement for counteracting diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and could be a source for the development of novel cholesterol-lowering functional foods. However, the cholesterol-lowering effect was unrelated to transcriptional changes, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms could be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Caz
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gil-Ramírez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL - Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Santamaría
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Tabernero
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Soler-Rivas
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL - Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martín-Hernández
- IMDEA Food Institute, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio 7) , Crta. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco R Marín
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL - Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL - Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio 7) , Crta. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Largo
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Caz V, Gil-Ramírez A, Largo C, Tabernero M, Santamaría M, Martín-Hernández R, Marín FR, Reglero G, Soler-Rivas C. Modulation of Cholesterol-Related Gene Expression by Dietary Fiber Fractions from Edible Mushrooms. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:7371-7380. [PMID: 26284928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are a source of dietary fiber (DF) with a cholesterol-lowering effect. However, their underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The effect of DF-enriched fractions from three mushrooms species on cholesterol-related expression was studied in vitro. The Pleurotus ostreatus DF fraction (PDF) was used in mice models to assess its potential palliative or preventive effect against hypercholesterolemia. PDF induced a transcriptional response in Caco-2 cells, suggesting a possible cholesterol-lowering effect. In the palliative setting, PDF reduced hepatic triglyceride likely because Dgat1 was downregulated. However, cholesterol-related biochemical data showed no changes and no relation with the observed transcriptional modulation. In the preventive setting, PDF modulated cholesterol-related genes expression in a manner similar to that of simvastatin and ezetimibe in the liver, although no changes in plasma and liver biochemical data were induced. Therefore, PDF may be useful reducing hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Because it induced a molecular response similar to hypocholesterolemic drugs in liver, further dose-dependent studies should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Caz
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gil-Ramírez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL - Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Largo
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Tabernero
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Santamaría
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ) , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martín-Hernández
- IMDEA Food Institute , Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio no. 7), Carretera de Cantoblanco no. 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco R Marín
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL - Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL - Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute , Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio no. 7), Carretera de Cantoblanco no. 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Soler-Rivas
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, CIAL - Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Gil-Ramírez A, Caz V, Martin-Hernandez R, Marín FR, Largo C, Rodríguez-Casado A, Tabernero M, Ruiz-Rodríguez A, Reglero G, Soler-Rivas C. Modulation of cholesterol-related gene expression by ergosterol and ergosterol-enriched extracts obtained from Agaricus bisporus. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1041-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Gil-Ramírez A, Ruiz-Rodríguez A, Marín FR, Reglero G, Soler-Rivas C. Effect of ergosterol-enriched extracts obtained from Agaricus bisporus on cholesterol absorption using an in vitro digestion model. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Palanisamy M, Aldars-García L, Gil-Ramírez A, Ruiz-Rodríguez A, Marín FR, Reglero G, Soler-Rivas C. Pressurized water extraction of β-glucan enriched fractions with bile acids-binding capacities obtained from edible mushrooms. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:391-400. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Palanisamy
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods; CIAL-Research Inst. in Food Science (UAM+CSIC); C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Laila Aldars-García
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods; CIAL-Research Inst. in Food Science (UAM+CSIC); C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Alicia Gil-Ramírez
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods; CIAL-Research Inst. in Food Science (UAM+CSIC); C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods; CIAL-Research Inst. in Food Science (UAM+CSIC); C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Francisco R. Marín
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods; CIAL-Research Inst. in Food Science (UAM+CSIC); C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods; CIAL-Research Inst. in Food Science (UAM+CSIC); C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Cristina Soler-Rivas
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods; CIAL-Research Inst. in Food Science (UAM+CSIC); C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
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Gil-Ramírez A, Clavijo C, Palanisamy M, Ruiz-Rodríguez A, Navarro-Rubio M, Pérez M, Marín FR, Reglero G, Soler-Rivas C. Study on the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase inhibitory properties of Agaricus bisporus and extraction of bioactive fractions using pressurised solvent technologies. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:2789-2796. [PMID: 23408460 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agaricus bisporus mushrooms were able to lower cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolaemic rats and it was suggested that dietary fibre might inhibit cholesterol absorption. However, A. bisporus extracts were also able to inhibit the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR, the key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway) and this might also contribute to the observed lowering of cholesterol levels in serum. RESULTS The methanol-water extracts obtained from A. bisporus were able to inhibit up to 60% the HMGCR activity using an in vitro assay. The HMGCR inhibitory capacities depended on cultivation conditions, strains, etc. The potential inhibitors were not statins, they might be β-glucans able to scavenge the substrate and impair the enzymatic reaction. They were present during all mushroom developmental stages and similarly distributed through all the tissues including the parts discarded as a by-product. Accelerated solvent extractions using 1:1 ethanol-water as pressurised solvent (10.7 MPa, 25°C, five cycles of 5 min) were more effective in the extraction of the HMGCiR inhibitor(s) than supercritical fluid extractions (9 MPa, 40°C) using CO2 with 10% ethanol. CONCLUSION A mushroom cultivation and two extraction procedures were optimised to obtain fractions from A. bisporus with high HMGCR inhibitory activities to design novel ingredients for hypocholesterolaemic functional foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Gil-Ramírez
- Department of Production and Characterization of New Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Gil-Ramírez A, Aldars-García L, Palanisamy M, Jiverdeanu RM, Ruiz-Rodríguez A, Marín FR, Reglero G, Soler-Rivas C. Sterol enriched fractions obtained from Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies and by-products by compressed fluid technologies (PLE and SFE). INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Palanisamy M, Gil-Ramírez A, Ruiz-Rodríguez A, Marín FR, Reglero G, Soler-Rivas C. Testing edible mushrooms to inhibit the pancreatic lipase activity by an in vitro digestion model. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Soler-Rivas C, Marín FR, Santoyo S, García-Risco MR, Señoráns FJ, Reglero G. Testing and enhancing the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Rosmarinus officinalis extracts with a high level of antioxidant abietanes. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:1144-1152. [PMID: 20038145 DOI: 10.1021/jf902087q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An antioxidant-enriched extract (RE) was obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) by supercritical fluid extraction to be used as an ingredient to design functional foods. The optimized mixture (42 mg RE g(-1) sunflower oil) was submitted to in vitro digestion and absorption tests (using Caco2 cells) to investigate the effect of these processes on its DPPH scavenging activity and also whether its major abietanes (tricyclic diterpenes) might be bioaccessible and bioavailable. Results indicated that supplementation of the rosemary extract with sunflower oil and lecithin (37 mg g(-1)) enhanced abietanes micellation (almost 2-fold). In vitro digestion of the mixture including RE, sunflower oil, and lecithin reduced 50% the bioaccesibility in terms of antioxidant activity. Bioavailability was 31%. It was evidenced that this activity was not due to the original levels of carnosol, carnosic acid, and methyl carnosate (which only 47% remained after digestion) but due to their derivatives and digestion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Soler-Rivas
- Sección Departamental Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Marín FR, Soler-Rivas C, Benavente-García O, Castillo J, Pérez-Alvarez JA. By-products from different citrus processes as a source of customized functional fibres. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cavero S, García-Risco MR, Marín FR, Jaime L, Santoyo S, Señoráns FJ, Reglero G, Ibañez E. Supercritical fluid extraction of antioxidant compounds from oregano. J Supercrit Fluids 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mendiola JA, Marín FR, Hernández SF, Arredondo BO, Señoráns FJ, Ibañez E, Reglero G. Characterization via liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry of supercritical fluid antioxidant extracts ofSpirulina platensismicroalga. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:1031-8. [PMID: 16013830 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina platensis microalga has been extracted on a pilot scale plant using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) under various extraction conditions. The extraction yield and the antioxidant activity of the extracts were evaluated in order to select those extracts with both the highest antioxidant capacity and a good extraction yield. These extracts were characterized using LC coupled to diode array detection (DAD) and LC coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) with two different interfaces, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray (ESI) which allowed us to perform tandem MS by using an ion trap analyzer. The best extraction conditions were as follows: CO2 with 10% of modifier (ethanol) as extraction solvent, 55 degrees C (extraction temperature) and 220 bar (extraction pressure). Fractionation was achieved by cascade depressurization providing two extracts with different activity and chemical composition. Several compounds have been identified in the extracts, corresponding to different carotenoids previously identified in Spirulina platensis microalga along with chlorophyll a and some degradation products. Also, the structure of some phenolic compounds could be tentatively identified. The antioxidant activity of the extracts could be attributed to some of the above mentioned compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Mendiola
- Sección de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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González-Párraga P, Marín FR, Argüelles JC, Hernández JA. Correlation between the intracellular content of glutathione and the formation of germ-tubes induced by human serum in Candida albicans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1722:324-30. [PMID: 15777624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Revised: 12/02/2004] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and its oxidized form (GSSG) was investigated during the initial steps of dimorphism (formation of germ-tubes), which is induced by human serum in exponential yeast-like cells (blastoconidia) of the Candida albicans strain CAI-4 (wild type) and its congenic tps1/tps1 mutant, deficient in trehalose synthesis. The content of glutathione, measured both as GSH and the ratio GSH/GSSG, underwent a moderate drop in parallel with the induction of a significant degree of germ-tube emergence. Whereas the supply of exogenous glutathione did not affect the degree of dimorphic transition, depletion of intracellular glutathione by addition of 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB) caused a clear reduction in the percentage of hyphae formation; although this effect must be due to the severe cell mortality produced by CDNB. Simultaneous measurements of GSH-metabolizing activities revealed a moderate decrease of glutathione reductase concomitant with the activation of glutathione peroxidase. In turn, catalase activity did not show noticeable changes. The putative correlation between the redox status of glutathione and the dimorphic conversion in C. albicans is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-Párraga
- Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
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Marín FR, Del Río JA. Selection of hybrids and edible citrus species with a high content in the diosmin functional compound. Modulating effect of plant growth regulators on contents. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:3356-3362. [PMID: 11453775 DOI: 10.1021/jf010052n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify species, hybrids, and cultivars of edible Citrus species with high contents of diosmin as a functional compound and also to identify the developmental progress of the fruit in which it reaches maximum levels; these findings would be useful for extraction purposes and for the modulating effect of plant growth regulators on diosmin content to increase the level of this flavone. The results obtained reveal that the highest contents of diosmin are present in immature fruits of certain varieties of citron (Buda's finger) and lemon (Meyer), whereas the contents in the edible parts of the fruits are irrelevant from a pharmacological point of view. Similarly, it is shown that it is possible to increase the content of this flavone using hormonal treatments (6-benzylaminopurine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) during the early stages of fruit growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Marín
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, EPSO Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra de Beniel, km 3.2, Orihuela, E-03312 Alicante, Spain.
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Del Río JA, Ortuño A, Marín FR, Puig DG, Sabater F. Bioproduction of neohesperidin and naringin in callus cultures of Citrus aurantium. Plant Cell Rep 1992; 11:592-596. [PMID: 24213293 DOI: 10.1007/bf00233099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/1992] [Revised: 07/09/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of both neohesperidin and naringin as major flavonoids in callus cultures of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) was demonstrated using high performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector. The identity of both compounds was confirmed by their corresponding nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The levels of neohesperidin are higher than those of naringin in callus culture, as they are in immature fruit, and high concentrations of both are found in young tissues such as immature fruits and the outer zone of calli.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Del Río
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), University of Murcia, Espinardo, E-30071, Murcia, Spain
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