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Van de Weyer N, Ruscoe WA, Brown PR, Henry S, Robinson F, Hinds LA, Oh KP. Exploring patterns of female house mouse spatial organisation among outbreaking and stable populations. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10843. [PMID: 38505179 PMCID: PMC10949005 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The size and distribution of home ranges reflect how individuals within a population use, defend, and share space and resources, and may thus be an important predictor of population-level dynamics. Eruptive species, such as the house mouse in Australian grain-growing regions, are an ideal species in which to investigate variations in space use and home range overlap between stable and outbreaking populations. In this study, we use spatially explicit capture-recapture models to explore if space use and home range overlap among female mice could serve as indicators of changes in population density leading into summer. Additionally, we assess the sensitivity of space use and home range estimates to reduced recapture rates. Our analysis did not reveal variations in the spring spatial organisation of female mice based on existing capture-mark-recapture data. However, our study highlights the need to balance monitoring efforts within regions, emphasising the importance of exploring studies that can improve spatial recaptures by optimising trapping efforts. This is particularly important in Australian agricultural systems, where varying farm management practices may drive differences in population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Van de Weyer
- Applied BioSciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Wendy A. Ruscoe
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Peter R. Brown
- Applied BioSciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Steve Henry
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Freya Robinson
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Lyn A. Hinds
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Kevin P. Oh
- Applied BioSciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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Hamsah E, Robinson F, Hayati F, Arsat N, Kaur N, Sriram RK, Subramaniam S, Kandasami ND, Lai CK, Abd Karim K. Links between socio-demographic characteristics and body mass index to colorectal cancer in North Borneo, Malaysia: A case-control study. Med J Malaysia 2023; 78:876-882. [PMID: 38159921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). Numerous reasons have contributed to the massive rise in CRC cases, for which Asian nations differ significantly in terms of risk incidence rates. The objectives of this study were to, first, identify the socio-demographic characteristics of those of North Borneo ethnicity and body mass index (BMI) and, second, determine the association of these factors with CRC. This research will contribute to preventing this form of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is an analysis of a matched case-control study with a ratio of 1:2. The case group contained 206 respondents, and the control group contained 412. All CRC cases were confirmed with the histological results. The control group was matched for links between age, sex and ethnicity with CRC. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistics (SPSS) IBM version 28.0 was used to conduct descriptive analysis using chi-squared testing and simple logistic regression. The statistical significance was P < 0.05. RESULT Overall, 618 respondents took part in this survey, of which 256 (41.4%) were female and 362 (58.6%) were male. The maximum age was 76, with a mean age ± SD of 53.17 ± 11.4. Those of Bajau ethnicity comprised 24.6% (152) of the population, followed by Dusun with 22.8% (141), Kadazan with 17.6% (109%), other North Borneo ethnic groups with 15.5% (96), Bugis with 9.7% (60), Brunei with 4.4% (27) and other predominant races with 5.3% (33). Regression analyses revealed that the incidence of CRC in North Borneo, Malaysia, was substantially correlated with income, occupation, other linked diseases and BMI. CONCLUSION Various risk factors are linked to CRC, based on the findings related to socio-demographic characteristics and BMI. Therefore, to lower the nationwide prevalence of CRC, national public health campaigns should include collaboration with the regional authorities to highlight the incidence and risk factors of CRC based on ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hamsah
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - F Robinson
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - F Hayati
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - N Arsat
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - N Kaur
- Sabah Health State Department, Department of Public Health, Non-Communicable Unit, Ministry of Health, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - R K Sriram
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Surgical, Colorectal Unit, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - S Subramaniam
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Surgical, Colorectal Unit, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - N D Kandasami
- Keningau Hospital, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Keningau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - C K Lai
- Sandakan Hospital, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - K Abd Karim
- Teluk Intan Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia
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Ruscoe WA, Brown PR, Henry S, van de Weyer N, Robinson F, Hinds LA, Duncan RP. Effects of harvesting and stubble management on abundance of pest rodents (Mus musculus) in a conservation agriculture system. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:4757-4764. [PMID: 37454375 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shift to more environmentally sensitive agricultural practices over the last several decades has changed farmland landscapes worldwide. Changes including no-till and retaining high biomass mulch has been coincident with an increase in rodent pests in South Africa, India, South America and Europe, indicating a possible conflict between conservation agriculture (CA) and rodent pest management. Research on effects of various crop management practices associated with CA on pest rodent population dynamics is needed to anticipate and develop CA-relevant management strategies. RESULTS During the Australian 2020-2021 mouse plague, farmers used postharvest stubble management practices, including flattening and/or cutting, to reduce stubble cover in paddocks to lessen habitat suitability for pest house mice. We used this opportunity to assess the effects of both harvest and stubble management on the movement and abundance of mice in paddocks using mouse trapping and radio tracking. We found that most tracked mice remained resident in paddocks throughout harvest, and that mouse population abundance was generally unaffected by stubble management. CONCLUSION Recent conversions to CA practices have changed how pest house mice use cropped land. Management practices that reduce postharvest habitat complexity do not appear to reduce the attractiveness of paddocks to mice, and further research into new management strategies in addition to toxic bait use is required as part of an integrated pest management approach. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Ruscoe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australia
| | - Peter R Brown
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australia
| | - Steve Henry
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nikki van de Weyer
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australia
| | - Freya Robinson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australia
| | - Lyn A Hinds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australia
| | - Richard P Duncan
- Centre for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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Hemanath S, Robinson F, Pang NTP, Lim EK, Ong SJ, Alyssa S, Joshua S, Lau JQ, Lim YX, Vanushya A. Mindfulness-based therapy for smoking cessation and mental health: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Malaysia 2023; 78:336-343. [PMID: 37271843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective smoking cessation programmes are essential for assisting smokers in quitting, indirectly lowering mortality and morbidity associated with smoking. Numerous studies have indicated positive outcomes when using mindfulness treatment (MT) to treat psychological or behavioural health issues. Although to date, no study has looked at the effectiveness of online MT for quitting smoking while addressing mental health, particularly among the Asian population. Therefore, this study compares the efficiency of online MT to traditional counselling therapy (CT) in aiding smoking cessation programmes while also addressing mental health. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomised control study with a two-group, single-blind design and baseline evaluation was selected. Social media sites were used to advertise for participants, who were then admitted after meeting the requirements. Participants who met the eligibility requirements were randomly split into two groups. Each group received a total of three sessions of online therapy (MT or CT), once every two weeks, as well as one phone call per week as reinforcement. At the beginning and end of the intervention, participants completed questionnaires (1st week and 5th week). Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) statistical analysis was used to analyse all the variables. RESULTS The MT group experienced a statistically significant decrease in cigarette consumption (β: -3.50, 95% Wald CI: - 4.62, -2.39) compared to the CT group over time. Furthermore, the MT group demonstrated significant improvements in their scores for the AAQ-2, anxiety, stress, depression and mindfulness compared to the CT group. CONCLUSION Online MT is more successful at assisting smokers in lowering their daily cigarette intake and supporting their mental health during the smoking cessation process. Further longitudinal comparisons of the effectiveness of online MT should be undertaken using online platforms in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hemanath
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - F Robinson
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia.
| | - N T P Pang
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - E K Lim
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - S J Ong
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - S Alyssa
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - S Joshua
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - J Q Lau
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - Y X Lim
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - A Vanushya
- Sepang District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia
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Hinds LA, Henry S, VAN DE Weyer N, Robinson F, Ruscoe WA, Brown PR. Acute oral toxicity of zinc phosphide: an assessment for wild house mice (Mus musculus). Integr Zool 2023; 18:63-75. [PMID: 35651323 PMCID: PMC10084325 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Irregular plagues of house mice, Mus musculus, incur major economic impacts on agricultural production in Australia. The efficacy of zinc phosphide (ZnP), the only registered broadacre control agent for mice, is reported as increasingly variable. Have mice become less sensitive over time or are they taking a sub-lethal dose and developing aversion? In this laboratory study, the sensitivity of mice (wild caught; outbred laboratory strain) was assessed using oral gavage of a range of ZnP concentrations. The estimated LD50 values (72-79 mg ZnP/kg body weight) were similar for each mouse group but are significantly higher than previously reported. The willingness of mice to consume ZnP-coated grains was determined. ZnP-coated grains (50 g ZnP/kg grain) presented in the absence of alternative food were consumed and 94% of wild mice died. Mice provided with alternative food and ZnP-coated wheat grains (either 25 or 50 g ZnP/kg grain) consumed toxic and non-toxic grains, and mortality was lower (33-55%). If a sublethal amount of ZnP-coated grain was consumed, aversion occurred, mostly when alternative food was present. The sensitivity of wild house mice to ZnP in Australia is significantly lower than previously assumed. Under laboratory conditions, ZnP-coated grains coated with a new higher dose (50 g ZnP/kg grain) were readily consumed. Consumption of toxic grain occurred when alternative food was available but was decreased. Our unambiguous findings for house mice indicate a re-assessment of the ZnP loading for baits used for control of many rodents around the world may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn A Hinds
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Steve Henry
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nikki VAN DE Weyer
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Freya Robinson
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Wendy A Ruscoe
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter R Brown
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Simon A, Robinson F, Anzivino A, Boyer M, Hendricks A, Guilliams D, Casey J, Grider D, Valea F, Vlaisavljevich E. Abstract No. 134 Histotripsy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas: a feasibility study in ex vivo uterine fibroids. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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7
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Henry S, Brown PR, Van de Weyer N, Robinson F, Hinds LA. Effects of background food on alternative grain uptake and zinc phosphide efficacy in wild house mice. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:1090-1098. [PMID: 34786822 PMCID: PMC9299914 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND House mice (Mus musculus) cause significant, ongoing losses to grain crops in Australia, particularly during mouse plagues. Zinc phosphide (ZnP) coated grain is used for control, but with variable success. In a laboratory setting, we tested if mice would (i) switch from consumption of one grain type to another when presented with an alternative and (ii) consume ZnP-treated grains when presented as a choice with a different grain. RESULTS Mice readily switched from their background grain to an alternative grain, preferring cereals (wheat or barley) over lentils. Mice readily consumed ZnP-coated barley grains. Their mortality rate was significantly higher (86%, n = 30) in the presence of a less-favoured grain (lentils) compared to their mortality rate (47%, n = 29; 53%, n = 30) in the presence of a more-favoured grain (wheat and barley, respectively). Mice died between 4 and 112 h (median = 18 h) after consuming one or more toxic grains. Independent analysis of ZnP-coated grains showed variable toxin loading indicating that consumption of a single grain would not guarantee intake of a lethal dose. There was also a strong and rapid behavioural aversion if mice did not consume a lethal dose on the first night. CONCLUSIONS The registered dose rate of 25 g of ZnP/kg wheat (~1 mg of ZnP/grain) in Australia needs to be re-evaluated to determine what factors may be contributing to variation in efficacy. Further field research is also required to understand the complex association between ZnP dose, and quantity and quality of background food on efficacy of ZnP baits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Henry
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityCanberraACTAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Lyn A Hinds
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityCanberraACTAustralia
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Ruscoe WA, Brown PR, Hinds LA, Henry S, Van de Weyer N, Robinson F, Oh K, Duncan RP. Improved house mouse control in the field with a higher dose zinc phosphide bait. Wildl Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/wr22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Yeap HL, Lee SF, Robinson F, Mourant RG, Sved JA, Frommer M, Papanicolaou A, Edwards OR, Oakeshott JG. Separating two tightly linked species-defining phenotypes in Bactrocera with hybrid recombinant analysis. BMC Genet 2020; 21:132. [PMID: 33339498 PMCID: PMC7747370 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis mate asynchronously; the former mates exclusively around dusk while the latter mates during the day. The two species also differ in the colour of the post-pronotal lobe (callus), which is predominantly yellow in B. tryoni and brown in B. neohumeralis. We have examined the genetic relationship between the two characters in hybrids, backcrosses and multigeneration hybrid progeny. Results Our analysis of the mating time of the parental species revealed that while B. tryoni mate exclusively at dusk, B. neohumeralis females pair with B. neohumeralis males during the day and with B. tryoni males at dusk. We found considerable variance in mating time and callus colour among hybrid backcross individuals of both sexes but there was a strong although not invariant trend for callus colour to co-segregate with mating time in both sexes. To genetically separate these two phenotypes we allowed the interspecific F1 hybrids to propagate for 25 generations (F25) without selection for mating time or callus colour, finding that the advanced hybrid population had moved towards B. tryoni phenotypes for both traits. Selection for day mating in replicate lines at F25 resulted in significant phenotypic shifts in both traits towards B. neohumeralis phenotypes in F26. However, we were unable to completely recover the mating time profile of B. neohumeralis and relaxation of selection for day mating led to a shift back towards dusk mating, but not yellow callus colour, by F35. Conclusion We conclude that the inheritance of the two major species-defining traits is separable but tightly linked and involves more than one gene in each case. It also appears that laboratory conditions select for the B. tryoni phenotypes for mating time. We discuss our findings in relation to speciation theory and the likely effects of domestication during the generation of mass release strains for sterile insect control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lin Yeap
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Siu Fai Lee
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Freya Robinson
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Roslyn G Mourant
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John A Sved
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Marianne Frommer
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alexie Papanicolaou
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Sydney, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Owain R Edwards
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - John G Oakeshott
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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McArdle C, Robinson F, Heyeer B, Nagakumar P, Desai M. P190 Is annual exercise testing useful in children with cystic fibrosis? J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mason KP, Kelhoffer ER, Prescilla R, Mehta M, Root JC, Young VJ, Robinson F, Veselis RA. Feasibility of measuring memory response to increasing dexmedetomidine sedation in children. Br J Anaesth 2018; 118:254-263. [PMID: 28100530 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The memory effect of dexmedetomidine has not been prospectively evaluated in children. We evaluated the feasibility of measuring memory and sedation responses in children during dexmedetomidine sedation for non-painful radiological imaging studies. Secondarily, we quantified changes in memory in relation to the onset of sedation. METHODS A 10 min bolus of dexmedetomidine (2 mcg kg-1) was given to children as they named simple line drawings every five s. The absence of sedation was identified as any verbal response, regardless of correctness. After recovery, recognition memory was tested with correct Yes/No recognitions (50% novel pictures) and was matched to sedation responses during the bolus period (subsequent memory paradigm). RESULTS Of 64 accruals, 30 children (mean [SD]6.1 (1.2) yr, eight male) received dexmedetomidine and completed all study tasks. Individual responses were able to be modelled successfully in the 30 children completing all the study tasks, demonstrating feasibility of this approach. Children had 50% probability of verbal response at five min 40 s after infusion start, whereas 50% probability of subsequent recognition memory occurred sooner at four min five s. CONCLUSIONS Quantifying memory and sedation effects during dexmedetomidine infusion in verbal children was possible and demonstrated that memory function was present until shortly before verbal unresponsiveness occurred. This is the first study to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on memory in children. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT 02354378.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Mason
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E R Kelhoffer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Prescilla
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - M Mehta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - J C Root
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychology in Anesthesiology, Neurocognitve Research Lab, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,USA
| | - V J Young
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - R A Veselis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Bonner M, Bourne C, Rhee J, Robinson F, Tam M. P03.09 Implementing sexual health ‘spaced education’ for undergraduate medical students in new south wales, australia. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Pishnamazi A, Renema R, Zuidhof M, Robinson F. Effect of age at photostimulation on sexual maturation in broiler breeder pullets. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1274-81. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Hindin R, Buchanan DR, Bosompra K, Robinson F. Data for empowerment! The application of small area analysis in community health education and evaluation. Int Q Community Health Educ 2012; 17:5-23. [PMID: 20841291 DOI: 10.2190/y0vc-a9jy-e9le-4tyh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the use of Small Area Analysis (SAA) techniques in public health education planning and evaluation efforts. An array of health and social indicators for a mid-size metropolitan city (150,000+) were collected as part of the evaluation of a Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) community partnership grant for alcohol and other drug prevention. Data sources included the state public health department, school system, hospitals, census bureau, police department, and the city administration. Germane health and social indicators were then calculated for each of the city's socio-historical neighborhoods or zip code area. The process of gaining access to these diverse data and how they were used for planning and evaluation purposes are detailed and typical problems encountered in utilizing SAA techniques are enumerated. Finally, the potential for SAA as a community organizing tool for galvanizing community responses is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hindin
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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Heathfield S, Parker B, Zeef L, Bruce I, Alexander Y, Collins F, Stone M, Wang E, Williams AS, Wright HL, Thomas HB, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Bullock C, Chapman V, Walsh DA, Mobasheri A, Kendall D, Kelly S, Bayley R, Buckley CD, Young SP, Rump-Goodrich L, Middleton J, Chen L, Fisher R, Kollnberger S, Shastri N, Kessler BM, Bowness P, Nazeer Moideen A, Evans L, Osgood L, Williams AS, Jones SA, Nowell MA, Mahadik Y, Young S, Morgan M, Gordon C, Harper L, Giles JL, Paul Morgan B, Harris CL, Rysnik OJ, McHugh K, Kollnberger S, Payeli S, Marroquin O, Shaw J, Renner C, Bowness P, Nayar S, Cloake T, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Buckley C, Barone F, Barone F, Nayar S, Cloake T, Lane P, Coles M, Buckley C, Williams EL, Edwards CJ, Cooper C, Oreffo RO, Dunn S, Crawford A, Wilkinson M, Le Maitre C, Bunning R, Daniels J, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Le Maitre CL, Kollnberger S, Shaw J, Ridley A, Wong-Baeza I, McHugh K, Keidel S, Chan A, Bowness P, Gullick NJ, Abozaid HS, Jayaraj DM, Evans HG, Scott DL, Choy EH, Taams LS, Hickling M, Golor G, Jullion A, Shaw S, Kretsos K, Bari SF, Rhys-Dillon B, Amos N, Siebert S, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Bunning RD, Haddock G, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL, Kate I, Phillips E, Cross A, Chiverton N, Haddock G, Bunning RAD, Le Maitre CL, Ceeraz S, Spencer J, Choy E, Corrigall V, Crilly A, Palmer H, Lockhart J, Plevin R, Ferrell WR, McInnes I, Hutchinson D, Perry L, DiCicco M, Humby F, Kelly S, Hands R, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Mehta P, Mitchell A, Tysoe C, Caswell R, Owens M, Vincent T, Hashmi TM, Price-Forbes A, Sharp CA, Murphy H, Wood EF, Doherty T, Sheldon J, Sofat N, Goff I, Platt PN, Abdulkader R, Clunie G, Ismajli M, Nikiphorou E, Young A, Tugnet N, Dixey J, Banik S, Alcorn D, Hunter J, Win Maw W, Patil P, Hayes F, Main Wong W, Borg FA, Dasgupta B, Malaviya AP, Ostor AJ, Chana JK, Ahmed AA, Edmonds S, Hayes F, Coward L, Borg F, Heaney J, Amft N, Simpson J, Dhillon V, Ayalew Y, Khattak F, Gayed M, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Mc Laughlin M, Baburaj K, Fattah Z, Ng N, Wilson J, Colaco B, Williams MR, Adizie T, Dasgupta B, Casey M, Lip S, Tan S, Anderson D, Robertson C, Devanny I, Field M, Walker D, Robinson S, Ryan S, Hassell A, Bateman J, Allen M, Davies D, Crouch C, Walker-Bone K, Gainsborough N, Gullick NJ, Lutalo PM, Davies UM, Walker-Bone K, Mckew JR, Millar AM, Wright SA, Bell AL, Thapper M, Roussou T, Cumming J, Hull RG, Thapper M, Roussou T, McKeogh J, O'Connor MB, Hassan AI, Bond U, Swan J, Phelan MJ, Coady D, Kumar N, Farrow L, Bukhari M, Oldroyd AG, Greenbank C, McBeth J, Duncan R, Brown D, Horan M, Pendleton N, Littlewood A, Cordingley L, Mulvey M, Curtis EM, Cole ZA, Crozier SR, Georgia N, Robinson SM, Godfrey KM, Sayer AA, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Davies R, Mercer L, Galloway J, Low A, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Chitale S, Estrach C, Moots RJ, Goodson NJ, Rankin E, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Adab P, Ling S, Chitale S, Moots RJ, Estrach C, Goodson NJ, Humphreys J, Ellis C, Bunn D, Verstappen SM, Symmons D, Fluess E, Macfarlane GJ, Bond C, Jones GT, Scott IC, Steer S, Lewis CM, Cope A, Mulvey MR, Macfarlane GJ, Symmons D, Lovell K, Keeley P, Woby S, Beasley M, McBeth J, Viatte S, Plant D, Lunt M, Fu B, Parker B, Galloway J, Solymossy C, Worthington J, Symmons D, Dixey J, Young A, Barton A, Williams FM, Osei-Bordom DC, Popham M, MacGregor A, Spector T, Little J, Herrick A, Pushpakom S, Ennis H, McBurney H, Worthington J, Newman W, Ibrahim I, Plant D, Hyrich K, Morgan A, Wilson A, Isaacs J, Barton A, Sanderson T, Hewlett S, Calnan M, Morris M, Raza K, Kumar K, Cardy CM, Pauling JD, Jenkins J, Brown SJ, McHugh N, Nikiphorou E, Mugford M, Davies C, Cooper N, Brooksby A, Bunn D, Symmons D, MacGregor A, Dures E, Ambler N, Fletcher D, Pope D, Robinson F, Rooke R, Hewlett S, Gorman CL, Reynolds P, Hakim AJ, Bosworth A, Weaver D, Kiely PD, Skeoch S, Jani M, Amarasena R, Rao C, Macphie E, McLoughlin Y, Shah P, Else S, Semenova O, Thompson H, Ogunbambi O, Kallankara S, Patel Y, Baguley E, Jani M, Halsey J, Severn A, Bukhari M, Selvan S, Price E, Husain MJ, Brophy S, Phillips CJ, Cooksey R, Irvine E, Siebert S, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Ng WF, Dasgupta B, Taylor P, Iqbal I, Heron L, Pilling C, Marks J, Hull R, Ledingham J, Han C, Gathany T, Tandon N, Hsia E, Taylor P, Strand V, Sensky T, Harta N, Fleming S, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Eyre T, Wilson G, Johnson P, Russell M, Timoshanko J, Duncan G, Spandley A, Roskell S, Coady D, West L, Adshead R, Donnelly SP, Ashton S, Tahir H, Patel D, Darroch J, Goodson NJ, Boulton J, Ellis B, Finlay R, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Ng WF, Murray-Brown W, Priori R, Tappuni T, Vartoukian S, Seoudi N, Picarelli G, Fortune F, Valesini G, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Ball E, Rooney M, Bell A, Merida AA, Isenberg D, Tarelli E, Axford J, Giles I, Pericleous C, Pierangeli SS, Ioannou J, Rahman A, Alavi A, Hughes M, Evans B, Bukhari M, Parker B, Zaki A, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Hui M, Garner R, Rees F, Bavakunji R, Daniel P, Varughese S, Srikanth A, Andres M, Pearce F, Leung J, Lim K, Regan M, Lanyon P, Oomatia A, Petri M, Fang H, Birnbaum J, Amissah-Arthur M, Gayed M, Stewart K, Jennens H, Braude S, Gordon C, Sutton EJ, Watson KD, Gordon C, Yee CS, Lanyon P, Jayne D, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Akil M, McHugh N, Ahmad Y, Amft N, D'Cruz D, Edwards CJ, Griffiths B, Khamashta M, Teh LS, Zoma A, Bruce I, Dey ID, Kenu E, Isenberg D, Pericleous C, Garza-Garcia A, Murfitt L, Driscoll PC, Isenberg D, Pierangeli S, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Reynolds JA, Ray DW, O'Neill T, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Segeda I, Shevchuk S, Kuvikova I, Brown N, Bruce I, Venning M, Mehta P, Dhanjal M, Mason J, Nelson-Piercy C, Basu N, Paudyal P, Stockton M, Lawton S, Dent C, Kindness K, Meldrum G, John E, Arthur C, West L, Macfarlane MV, Reid DM, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ, Yates M, Loke Y, Watts R, MacGregor A, Adizie T, Christidis D, Dasgupta B, Williams M, Sivakumar R, Misra R, Danda D, Mahendranath KM, Bacon PA, Mackie SL, Pease CT. Basic science * 232. Certolizumab pegol prevents pro-inflammatory alterations in endothelial cell function. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ur Rahman AA, Lophatananon A, Lobaz J, Robinson F, Brown SS, Parker T, Easton D, Kote-Jarai Z, Pocock R, Dearnaley D, Guy M, Wilkinson RA, Hall AL, Sawyer E, Page E, Liu JF, Eeles RA, Muir KR. P2-250 Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and risk of early onset prostate cancer. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976j.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Romero L, Zuidhof M, Renema R, Naeima A, Robinson F. Erratum to “Effects of maternal energetic efficiency on egg traits, chick traits, broiler growth, yield, and meat quality” (Poult. Sci. 88:236–245). Poult Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-88-5-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lau LMS, Wolter JK, Lau JTML, Cheng LS, Smith KM, Hansford LM, Zhang L, Baruchel S, Robinson F, Irwin MS. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors differentially modulate p73 isoforms in neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2009; 28:2024-33. [PMID: 19363520 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
p73 encodes multiple functionally distinct isoforms. Proapoptotic TAp73 isoforms contain a transactivation (TA) domain, and like p53, have tumor suppressor properties and are activated by chemotherapies to induce cell death. In contrast, antiapoptotic DeltaNp73 isoforms lack the TA domain and are dominant-negative inhibitors of p53 and TAp73. DeltaNp73 proteins are overexpressed in a variety of tumors including neuroblastoma. Thus, identification of drugs that upregulate TAp73 and/or downregulate DeltaNp73 represents a potential therapeutic strategy. Here, we report that cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors induce apoptosis independent of p53, and differentially modulate endogenous p73 isoforms in neuroblastoma and other tumors. COX inhibitor-mediated apoptosis is associated with the induction of TAp73beta and its target genes. COX inhibitors also downregulate the alternative-spliced DeltaNp73(AS) isoforms, Deltaexon2 and Deltaexon2/3. Furthermore, forced expression of DeltaNp73(AS) results in diminished apoptosis in response to the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. Celecoxib-mediated downregulation of DeltaNp73(AS) is associated with decreased E2F1 levels and diminished E2F1 activation of the p73 promoter. These results provide the first evidence that COX inhibitors differentially modulate p73 isoforms leading to enhanced apoptosis, and support the potential use of COX inhibitors as novel regulators of p73 to enhance chemosensitivity in tumors with deregulated E2F1 and in those with wild-type (wt) or mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M S Lau
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Romero LF, Zuidhof MJ, Renema RA, Naeima AN, Robinson F. Effects of maternal energetic efficiency on egg traits, chick traits, broiler growth, yield, and meat quality. Poult Sci 2009; 88:236-45. [PMID: 19096079 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed egg traits, chick traits, growth, yield, and meat quality characteristics of the offspring from broiler breeders classified by 2 measurements of energetic efficiency: residual feed intake (RFI), defined as the difference between observed and expected ME intake, and residual maintenance requirement (RME(m)), defined as the residual of the relationship between hen maintenance requirement and feed intake. A group of 72 pullets were placed in laying cages from 16 to 60 wk of age. Individual hen-based feed allocation was provided following a standard BW target. At 41wk, eggs from 8 d of production were collected and pedigree hatched. Chicks were assigned to 1 of 3 maternal RFI (RFI(mat)) categories: low, average, and high. A total of 366 chicks were placed in 36 floor pens, 6 per sex x RFI(mat) interaction, and raised to 38 d. At the end of the breeder experiment (60 wk), broilers were retrospectively assigned to a low or high maternal RME(m) (RME(mmat)) category. Low RFI(mat) broilers had greater 38-d BW than average and high RFI(mat) broilers. That was achieved through a greater BW gain and feed intake of low RFI(mat) broilers from 21 to 28 d. It was found that RFI(mat) had no effect on feed conversion, yield, or meat quality characteristics. Low RME(m) hens produced heavier eggs (62.3 g) and chicks (42.5 g) than high RME(m) hens (60.0 g; 41.0 g), but RME(mmat) did not affect broiler 38-d BW. High RME(mmat) broilers had greater breast yield (29.5%) and lower breast shear force (4.7 kg of force/g) than low RME(mmat) broilers (28.5%; 5.6 kg of force/g). The low RFI(mat) x high RME(mmat) broilers had the greatest growth to 38 d. It was found that RFI(mat) was inversely related to broiler growth, particularly when RME(mmat) was high. Although low maintenance requirements may be desirable for egg and chick production, hens with a high maintenance requirement produced broilers with greater breast yield and tenderness. Minimizing maintenance requirements may not be compatible with maximizing broiler performance and meat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Romero
- University of Alberta, Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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Romero L, Renema R, Naeima A, Zuidhof M, Robinson F. Effect of reducing body weight variability on the sexual maturation and reproductive performance of broiler breeder females. Poult Sci 2009; 88:445-52. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Necrotising fasciitis is a potentially devastating soft tissue infection with a significant fatality rate. Streptococcus is commonly associated, although the cause may be polymicrobial. Early recognition is essential and aggressive surgical intervention may be required to prevent the rapid spread of infection along fascial planes. We report an unusual case of necrotising fasciitis of the eyelids with spontaneous limitation of the area of necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hu
- King's College Hospital, London, UK.
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Spellman R, Rideau A, Matlin A, Gooding C, Robinson F, McGlincy N, Grellscheid SN, Southby J, Wollerton M, Smith CWJ. Regulation of alternative splicing by PTB and associated factors. Biochem Soc Trans 2005; 33:457-60. [PMID: 15916540 DOI: 10.1042/bst0330457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PTB (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) is a repressive regulator of alternative splicing. We have investigated the role of PTB in three model alternative splicing systems. In the alpha-actinin gene, PTB represses the SM (smooth muscle) exon by binding to key sites in the polypyrimidine tract. Repressive binding to these sites is assisted by co-operative binding to additional downstream sites. SM exon splicing can be activated by CELF proteins, which also bind co-operatively to interspersed sites and displace PTB from the pyrimidine tract. Exon 11 of PTB pre-mRNA is repressed by PTB in an autoregulatory feedback loop. Exon 11-skipped RNA gets degraded through nonsense-mediated decay. Less than 1% of steady-state PTB mRNA is represented by this isoform, but inhibition of nonsense-mediated decay by RNA interference against Upf1 shows that at least 20% of PTB RNA is consumed by this pathway. This represents a widespread but under-appreciated role of alternative splicing in the quantitative regulation of gene expression, an important addition to its role as a generator of protein isoform diversity. Repression of alpha-tropomyosin exon 3 is an exceptional example of PTB regulation, because repression only occurs at high levels in SM cells, despite the fact that PTB is widely expressed. In this case, a PTB-interacting cofactor, raver1, appears to play an important role. By the use of 'tethering' assays, we have identified discrete domains within both PTB and raver1 that mediate their repressive activities on this splicing event.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Spellman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Robinson
- School of Education and Community Studies, Liverpool John Moores University, I. M. Marsh Campus, Barkhill Road, Liverpool L17 6BD, UK
| | - W. Morritz
- School of Education and Community Studies, Liverpool John Moores University, I. M. Marsh Campus, Barkhill Road, Liverpool L17 6BD, UK
| | - P. McGuiness
- School of Education and Community Studies, Liverpool John Moores University, I. M. Marsh Campus, Barkhill Road, Liverpool L17 6BD, UK
| | - A. F. Hackett
- School of Education and Community Studies, Liverpool John Moores University, I. M. Marsh Campus, Barkhill Road, Liverpool L17 6BD, UK
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Dennis B, Stamler J, Buzzard M, Conway R, Elliott P, Moag-Stahlberg A, Okayama A, Okuda N, Robertson C, Robinson F, Schakel S, Stevens M, Van Heel N, Zhao L, Zhou BF. INTERMAP: the dietary data--process and quality control. J Hum Hypertens 2003; 17:609-22. [PMID: 13679951 PMCID: PMC6598198 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this report is to describe INTERMAP standardized procedures for assessing dietary intake of 4680 individuals from 17 population samples in China, Japan, UK and USA: Based on a common Protocol and Manuals of Operations, standardized collection by centrally trained certified staff of four 24 h dietary recalls, two timed 24-h urines, two 7-day histories of daily alcohol intake per participant; tape recording of all dietary interviews, and use of multiple methods for ongoing quality control of dietary data collection and processing (local, national, and international); one central laboratory for urine analyses; review, update, expansion of available databases for four countries to produce comparable data on 76 nutrients for all reported foods; use of these databases at international coordinating centres to compute nutrient composition. Chinese participants reported 2257 foods; Japanese, 2931; and UK, 3963. In US, use was made of 17,000 food items in the online automated Nutrition Data System. Average time/recall ranged from 22 min for China to 31 min for UK. Among indicators of dietary data quality, coding error rates (from recoding 10% random samples of recalls) were 2.3% for China, 1.4% for Japan, and UK; an analogous US procedure (re-entry of recalls into computer from tape recordings) also yielded low discrepancy rates. Average scores on assessment of taped dietary interviews were high, 40.4 (Japan) to 45.3 (China) (highest possible score: 48); correlations between urinary and dietary nutrient values--similar for men and women--were, for all 4680 participants, 0.51 for total protein, range across countries 0.40-0.52; 0.55 for potassium, range 0.30-0.58; 0.42 for sodium, range 0.33-0.46. The updated dietary databases are valuable international resources. Dietary quality control procedures yielded data generally indicative of high quality performance in the four countries. These procedures were time consuming. Ongoing recoding of random samples of recalls is deemed essential. Use of tape recorded dietary interviews contributed to quality control, despite feasibility problems, deemed remediable by protocol modification. For quality assessment, use of correlation data on dietary and urinary nutrient values yielded meaningful findings, including evidence of special difficulties in assessing sodium intake by dietary methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dennis
- Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Centre, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Stamler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Buzzard
- Medical College of Virginia at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Conway
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - P Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - A Moag-Stahlberg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Okayama
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - N Okuda
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - C Robertson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - F Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S Schakel
- Nutrition Coordinating Centre, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Stevens
- Nutrition Coordinating Centre, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - N Van Heel
- Nutrition Coordinating Centre, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - BF Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Robinson F. Training-of-trainers in rural Zimbabwe. AIDS Health Promot Exch 2002:14-6. [PMID: 12318833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe any changes in serum concentrations of lipids, when UK meat-eaters switch to a self selected vegetarian diet for 6 months. DESIGN Observational study using capillary blood samples and 3-day estimated dietary diary. SETTING Free-living subjects in the North-West of England. SUBJECTS Twelve male and 31 female adult volunteers aged between 18 and 42 years. OUTCOME MEASURES Serum lipids; nutrient intake and anthropometric measurements at baseline and 6 months after switching to a self-selected vegetarian diet. RESULTS Total energy intake and amount of energy derived from saturated fatty acids decreased significantly after changing to a vegetarian diet (P < 0.05) whereas energy derived from carbohydrate, and intakes of nonstarch polysaccharide intake increased. On switching to a vegetarian diet, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were not significantly changed, but HDL-C was 21% higher than at baseline (1.21 mmol L(-1) vs. 1.47 mmol L(-1); P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that beneficial changes to diet occurred on changing to a self-selected vegetarian diet. Changing to a self-selected vegetarian diet appears to be one way of achieving a better blood lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Robinson
- Faculty of Education, Community Studies and Leisure, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Robinson F. Disseminating nutrition research findings to health professionals. Prof Nurse 2001; 17:53-4. [PMID: 12030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Good nutrition is the basis of good health and poor nutrition is directly linked with certain illnesses, such as heart disease. A great deal of research on nutrition is carried out every year, but little may actually be read by health staff. A project aimed at ensuring that the latest information reaches those who need it is now running in 24 European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Wollerton MC, Gooding C, Robinson F, Brown EC, Jackson RJ, Smith CW. Differential alternative splicing activity of isoforms of polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB). RNA 2001; 7:819-32. [PMID: 11421360 PMCID: PMC1370133 DOI: 10.1017/s1355838201010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates splicing by repressing specific splicing events. It also has roles in 3'-end processing, internal initiation of translation, and RNA localization. PTB exists in three alternatively spliced isoforms, PTB1, PTB2, and PTB4, which differ by the insertion of 19 or 26 amino acids, respectively, between the second and third RNA recognition motif domains. Here we show that the PTB isoforms have distinct activities upon alpha-tropomyosin (TM) alternative splicing. PTB1 reduced the repression of TM exon 3 in transfected smooth muscle cells, whereas PTB4 enhanced TM exon 3 skipping in vivo and in vitro. PTB2 had an intermediate effect. The PTB4 > PTB2 > PTB1 repressive hierarchy was observed in all in vivo and in vitro assays with TM, but the isoforms were equally active in inducing skipping of alpha-actinin exons and showed the opposite hierarchy of activity when tested for activation of IRES-driven translation. These findings establish that the ratio of PTB isoforms could form part of a cellular code that in turn controls the splicing of various other pre-mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Wollerton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Robinson F. Campaigns for conformity. J Am Coll Health 2001; 49:316-317. [PMID: 11413949 DOI: 10.1080/07448480109596318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of ubiquitous proline-directed, protein-serine/threonine kinases, which participate in signal transduction pathways that control intracellular events including acute responses to hormones and major developmental changes in organisms. MAP kinases lie in protein kinase cascades. This review discusses the regulation and functions of mammalian MAP kinases. Nonenzymatic mechanisms that impact MAP kinase functions and findings from gene disruption studies are highlighted. Particular emphasis is on ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of ubiquitous proline-directed, protein-serine/threonine kinases, which participate in signal transduction pathways that control intracellular events including acute responses to hormones and major developmental changes in organisms. MAP kinases lie in protein kinase cascades. This review discusses the regulation and functions of mammalian MAP kinases. Nonenzymatic mechanisms that impact MAP kinase functions and findings from gene disruption studies are highlighted. Particular emphasis is on ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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36
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Abstract
The brain maintains saccade accuracy by modifying saccades that are consistently inaccurate (e.g. hypermetric). To determine whether this adaptation is influenced by the visual background we used several different target and background movements to elicit changes in saccade gain. In almost all cases, the target spot drove gain changes. The background had no effect on, or slightly reduced, adaptation. We conclude that the saccade adaptation mechanism is driven almost entirely by stimuli on or near the fovea and is affected very little by visual stimuli falling more peripherally.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Robinson
- Department of Biological Structure and Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA.
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37
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Davies FE, Rawstron AC, Pratt G, Coupe R, Clarke D, Lubenko A, Short K, Perren TJ, Selby PJ, Maclennan S, Major K, Woodhead V, Robinson F, Child JA, Smith GM, Johnson PW, Morgan GJ. Positive and negative selection to reduce tumour contamination in peripheral blood stem cell harvests. Hematol Oncol 2000; 18:111-20. [PMID: 11027980 DOI: 10.1002/1099-1069(200009)18:3<111::aid-hon657>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood progenitor cells used during high dose treatments for malignancy may be contaminated with tumour cells that could later contribute to recurrence. CD34+ selected harvests still contain tumour cells and an additional negative selection may be capable of reducing this contamination. We have assessed a two-stage technique in which a CD34+ selection is followed by a tumour specific depletion stage using a B cell or breast cancer specific antibody panel. Initial small-scale selections on 11 patients with NHL and breast cancer showed that cell loss was greatest following the CD34+ selection with a median yield of 38.8 per cent (range 17. 2-56.4 per cent). The addition of the depletion stage resulted in a minimal loss of CD34+ cells with a yield for this step of 94.2 per cent (range 77.5-99.3 per cent). Clinical scale selections were performed on seven patients with CLL and a median of 2.8x10(6)/kg CD34+ cells (range 1.5-6.1x10(6)/kg) were collected. Cell recovery was 53.3 per cent following CD34+ selection and 76.9 per cent following the tumour specific depletion stage, resulting in a final product containing a median of 1.0x10(6)/kg CD34+ cells (range 0. 55-2.0x10(6)/kg). All unmanipulated harvests were heavily contaminated with tumour cells (median contamination 10.2 per cent, range 2.0-83.1 per cent) as measured by flow cytometry and a median 4.7 log (range 3-5 log) tumour cell purge was produced following two-stage selection. Six of the patients have received cells manipulated in this way with median engraftment times of neutrophils>0.5x10(9)/l=16 days (range 13-20 days) and platelets>20x10(9)/l=16.5 days (range 11-42 days). At a median follow-up of 25 months, these transplanted patients remain well and in molecular complete remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Davies
- Academic Department of Haematology and Oncology, University of Leeds, U.K
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38
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Abstract
The gain of visually triggered saccades depends on orbital position. Centrifugal saccades have smaller gains and are slower than centripetal saccades elicited by the same target amplitude. We determined whether internally triggered saccades, e.g. scanning or memory saccades, exhibit the orbital position dependency evident in visually guided saccades. The search coil technique was used to record eye movements of healthy subjects while they performed horizontal 12.5 degree saccades under three paradigms (gap, scanning and memory saccades). Orbital position influenced externally triggered gap saccades but not the gain or peak eye velocity of scanning or memory saccades. These findings do not support the idea that position dependency caused by orbital mechanics is compensated for at the level of the common brainstem burst generator. Instead our results are consistent with the view that cortical output reflects the differences evident in the gain of visually triggered centrifugal and centripetal saccades.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Eggert
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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39
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40
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Sterrett JD, Oliver T, Robinson F, Fortson W, Knaak B, Russell CM. Width/length ratios of normal clinical crowns of the maxillary anterior dentition in man. J Clin Periodontol 1999; 26:153-7. [PMID: 10100040 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.1999.260304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the clinical crown of the 3 tooth groups of the maxillary anterior sextant of the permanent dentition of normal subjects with respect to (i) width, length and the width/length ratios and (ii) determine if there is a correlation between tooth dimensions or tooth group ratios and subject height. Subjects (> or = 20 y.o.) were recruited for this study if (i) the free gingival margin on the facial surface of teeth in the maxillary sextant was positioned apical to the cervical bulge, (ii) there was no evidence of attachment loss; as determined by lack of a detectable CEJ and (iii) the marginal tissue was knife edged in form, firm in consistency and coral pink in color. Teeth were excluded if (i) there was evidence of gingival alteration, i.e., gingival overgrowth/hyperplasia, inflammation, altered passive eruption, attachment loss, gingival recession or history of periodontal surgery, or (ii) there was evidence or history of incisal edge/proximal tooth alteration as in, i.e., restorative intervention, traumatic injury or occlusal wear into dentin. At least 1 suitable tooth from each tooth group of the maxillary anterior dentition had to be present. A maxillary impression was taken and poured in yellow die stone. The widest mesial-distal portion and the longest apical-coronal portion of the test teeth were measured. Gender, ethnicity and subject height (SH) were recorded for each participant. Due to a limited ethnic diversity only data from the Caucasian group were analyzed. The mean coronal tooth width (mm) of males versus females was CI: 8.59 versus 8.06, LI: 6.59 versus 6.13 and CA: 7.64 versus 07.15. The mean coronal tooth length (mm) of males versus females was CI: 10.19 versus 9.39, LI: 8.70 versus 7.79 and CA: 10.06 versus 8.89. All width and length measures were significantly greater for males than for females. The mean coronal tooth width/length ratios for males versus females was CI: 0.85 versus 0.86, LI: 0.76 versus 0.79 and CA: 0.77 versus 0.81. A comparison between genders of the width/length ratios of the CI and LI were found not to differ, however the CA ratio for females was significantly greater than for males. A statistically significant difference was found to exist between the mean (cm) SH for males versus females: 181.2 versus 164.0. A positive correlation (p < or = 0.0001 to 0.0691) was found to exist between tooth group width/height ratios within genders. No significant correlation was found between any of the tooth dimensions or tooth group ratios and SH. The results of this study indicate that within male and female Caucasians, the mean width/length ratio of the maxillary 3 anterior tooth groups is 0.81. As well, within both genders there is a positive correlation between tooth group width/length ratios. The significance of these findings with respect to periodontal mucogingival plastic surgical procedures is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Sterrett
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-1220, USA
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41
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Robinson F. Health visitors under siege. Pract Midwife 1998; 1:32-3. [PMID: 10392134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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42
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Robinson F. Children: the forgotten mourners. Healthplan 1998; 39:69-72. [PMID: 10176901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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43
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Bootle C, McGlashan J, Robinson F. Larynx synchronised stroboscopy--a new tool for outcome measures in the voice clinic. Int J Lang Commun Disord 1998; 33 Suppl:298-303. [PMID: 10343709 DOI: 10.3109/13682829809179440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct vocal fold synchronised stroboscopy is a new technique for obtaining useful images of pathological voice, with reduced requirements for both vocal fold cycle regularity and the duration of sustained phonation. Precise synchronisation of the firing of the stroboscope from the Laryngograph waveform, and the capture of images and waveforms into a computer, allows inspection of short periods of phonation (less than one second) as a continuous replay of the images. Replay can be continued indefinitely, automatically repeating the short period of image capture, eliminating the need to rewind a video-tape repetitively. This in turn avoids the need for the lengthy phonation otherwise required when clinical examination is based on the use of conventional live or video-taped stroboscopy. Since the LxStrobe system is based on digital processing, archiving and retrieval of images is much enhanced. A demonstration of the system, called the LxStrobe, is available on the world-wide-web at www.laryngograph.com.
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44
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Robinson F, Pauzé CC. What is a board's liability for not adopting a compliance program? Healthc Financ Manage 1997; 51:64-6. [PMID: 10170320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
A key element of the 1991 United States Sentencing Commission's guidelines, used in sentencing corporations and business convicted of Federal crimes, is the provision of leniency for organizations that adopt effective corporate compliance programs. Given the increased scrutiny of healthcare organizations by Federal Investigators, the incentive to adopt corporate compliance programs has never been greater. Directors or trustees of healthcare organizations should be especially interested in adopting such programs, since recent case law suggests that they may be held personally liable for damages or losses resulting from a finding of fraud and abuse at their facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Robinson
- Fulbright and Jaworski LLP, Washington, DC, USA
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45
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Abstract
AIM A project group was established to award the contract for hire of therapeutic beds and mattresses for a large hospital Trust within the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS). BACKGROUND No structure existed for awarding or evaluating such a contract. Involving nurses in the process was intended to bring the decision-making nearer the patient. METHOD The project group consisted of volunteers from a range of clinical nursing grades. They were highly motivated with an interest in pressure sore management. Expertise from NHS Supplies was also involved. RESULTS The project group successfully awarded the contract, producing a robust operational tool through an objective process. Awareness was raised regarding control of expenditure and a commitment to education. Ongoing evaluation of the contract has also been the responsibility of this group. CONCLUSION The project group achieved its aim of awarding a contract that best met the needs of the Trust and continues to monitor that contract. The systematic approach, comprehensive documentation and collaboration with NHS Supplies are felt to contribute to its success. Explicit criteria within the contract provides a clear framework for its monitoring and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gray
- Trauma Service Oxford, Radcliffe Hospital NHS Trust, UK
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46
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Robinson F. Self-reporting Medicare and Medicaid overpayments. Healthc Financ Manage 1997; 51:64-7. [PMID: 10166280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Refunding a significant overpayment to the Medicare or Medicaid program can subject a healthcare organization to government scrutiny that can consume the time and energies of key staff members, risk potential litigation by shareholders, and possibly lead to severe sanctions. Delaying a refund, however, may precipitate even more costly consequences, such as triple damages and heavy monetary penalties. The government has stepped up its efforts to detect and punish fraud and abuse; therefore, providers should refund overpayments promptly. Failure to do so may constitute a crime, increase the likelihood of a whistleblower exposing the offense, or result in an increase in the amount of penalties imposed. Healthcare organizations can prevent overpayment abuses from occurring by following recommended procedures for making refunds, addressing underlying billing problems, and ensuring that senior management oversees the entire claims payment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Robinson
- Fulbright & Jaworski, Washington, DC, USA
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47
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Abstract
The importance of early detection of vision problems in children is widely accepted. Screening by nurses in the first year of school is important in such early detection. The feasibility of using a questionnaire for teachers in place of the traditional screen was examined. In addition, the effect of prior in-service training for teachers on the results of the questionnaire survey was assessed. The questionnaire had poor sensitivity and specificity. Used as the sole screen, it would have resulted in the unnecessary referral of healthy children, and more importantly, children with visual defects would have been missed. Further, there was no improvement in the outcome when prior in-service training on the questionnaire had been given. The questionnaire for teachers, as given, was an unsatisfactory alternative to the screening by health professionals and was not supported by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Concannon
- Child & Family Health Service, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW
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48
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Robinson F. Maternal deaths in the UK. Mod Midwife 1996; 6:23. [PMID: 8974674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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49
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Robinson F. Changing Childbirth implementation team conference. Mod Midwife 1996; 6:7. [PMID: 8974679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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50
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Roberts MP, Robinson F. The current treatment of cervical disc rupture. Conn Med 1996; 60:395-398. [PMID: 8758657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Roberts
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
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