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Harcke HT, Curtin RN, Harty MP, Gould SW, Vershvovsky J, Collins GL, Murphy S. Tibial Intraosseous Insertion in Pediatric Emergency Care: A Review Based upon Postmortem Computed Tomography. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2020; 24:665-671. [DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2019.1698682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wright EJ, Grund B, Robertson KR, Cysique L, Brew BJ, Collins GL, Poehlman-Roediger M, Vjecha MJ, Penalva de Oliveira AC, Standridge B, Carey C, Avihingsanon A, Florence E, Lundgren JD, Arenas-Pinto A, Mueller NJ, Winston A, Nsubuga MS, Lal L, Price RW. No neurocognitive advantage for immediate antiretroviral treatment in adults with greater than 500 CD4+ T-cell counts. AIDS 2018; 32:985-997. [PMID: 29424786 PMCID: PMC5920693 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of immediate versus deferred antiretroviral treatment (ART) on neuropsychological test performance in treatment-naive HIV-positive adults with more than 500 CD4 cells/μl. DESIGN Randomized trial. METHODS The START parent study randomized participants to commence immediate versus deferred ART until CD4 less than 350 cells/μl. The START Neurology substudy used eight neuropsychological tests, at baseline, months 4, 8, 12 and annually, to compare groups for changes in test performance. Test results were internally standardized to z-scores. The primary outcome was the average of the eight test z-scores (QNPZ-8). Mean changes in QNPZ-8 from baseline were compared by intent-to-treat using longitudinal mixed models. Changes from baseline to specific time points were compared using ANCOVA models. RESULTS The 592 participants had a median age of 34 years; median baseline CD4 count was 629 cells/μl; the mean follow-up was 3.4 years. ART was used for 94 and 32% of accrued person-years in the immediate and deferred groups, respectively. There was no difference between the immediate and deferred ART groups in QNPZ-8 change through follow-up [-0.018 (95% CI -0.062 to 0.027, P = 0.44)], or at any visit. However, QNPZ-8 scores increased in both arms during the first year, by 0.22 and 0.24, respectively (P < 0.001 for increase from baseline). CONCLUSION We observed substantial improvement in neurocognitive test performance during the first year in both study arms, underlining the importance of using a control group in studies assessing neurocognitive performance over time. Immediate ART neither benefitted nor harmed neurocognitive performance in individuals with CD4 cell counts above 500 cells/μl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwina J Wright
- Department of Infectious Diseases Alfred Health, Monash University, Burnet Institute, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Birgit Grund
- School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kevin R Robertson
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucette Cysique
- Neurosciences Research Australia, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Applied Medical Research Centre
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gary L Collins
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mollie Poehlman-Roediger
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Cate Carey
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anchalee Avihingsanon
- HIV-NAT Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eric Florence
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jens D Lundgren
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Arenas-Pinto
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas J Mueller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Winston
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Richard W Price
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Wingert WE, Mundy LA, Collins GL, Chmara ES. Possible Role of Pseudoephedrine and Other Over-the-Counter Cold Medications in the Deaths of Very Young Children. J Forensic Sci 2007; 52:487-90. [PMID: 17316256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Philadelphia Medical Examiners Office has reported a series of 15 deaths between February 1999 and June 2005 of infants and toddlers 16 months and younger in which drugs commonly found in over-the-counter (OTC) cold medications were present. A total of 10 different drugs were detected: pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, acetaminophen, brompheniramine, carbinoxamine, chlorpheniramine, ethanol, doxylamine and the anticonvulsants, phenobarbital, and phenytoin. The drugs were confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry, with the exception of ethanol, which was analyzed by headspace GC and of phenobarbital and phenytoin that were quantified by GC with a nitrogen phosphorus detector. The most predominant drug was pseudoephedrine, which was found in all of the cases (blood concentration, n=14, range=0.10-17.0 mg/L, mean=3.34 mg/L) and was the sole drug detected in three cases. Acetaminophen was detected in blood from each of the five cases with sufficient sample. Other drugs (with frequency of detection) were dextromethorphan (five cases), carbinoxamine (four cases), chlorpheniramine (two cases) and brompheniramine, doxylamine, and ethanol (one case each). In the majority of the cases, toxicity from drugs found in easily available OTC medications was listed either as the direct cause of death or as a contributory factor. The manner of death was determined to be natural in only two of the cases. This postmortem study supports previous evidence that the administration of OTC cold medications to infants may, under some circumstances, be an unsafe practice and in some cases may even be fatal. The treating physicians and the general public need to be made more aware of the dangers of using OTC cold medications to treat very young children so that these types of tragedies might be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Wingert
- Medical Examiners Office, 321 University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Collins GL, Wallis-Crespo MC, Gillbert-Barness E. Pathology teach and tell: pheochromocytoma. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2004; 23:199-203. [PMID: 15768865 DOI: 10.1080/15227950490423142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Collins
- University of Florida School of Medicine and Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33601, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Collins
- University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa General Hospital, 33601, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonmelanoma skin cancer is a common and important public health concern. Few long-term demographic studies to evaluate potential changes in the clinical or pathologic attributes of theses lesions have been initiated. DESIGN A computer-based archival search of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) diagnosed in 1972 and 2001 at a large VA medical center was examined with accompanying glass slides. The NMSC consisted of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SIS). Pathologic attributes examined included the histologic type of BCC (nodular, superficial, infiltrating), and histologic grade of SCC. Demographic features included age, and location. As the majority of patients were men, women were excluded from the study. The results were tabulated and statistically evaluated by the Students' t-test. RESULTS A total of 831 cases of NMSC diagnosed in 809 patients in 1972 compared to 1,712 cases in 1,011 patients in 2001. BCC accounted for 45%, SIS 23%, and SCC 32% in 1972 compared to 34% BCC (P = .04), 38% SIS (P = .01), and 28% SCC (P > .05) in 2001. Histologic subtypes of BCC included nodular accounted for 45%, superficial 37% and infiltrating 7% in 1972 compared to 35% (P = .05), 46% (P > .05) and 19% (P = .01) in 2001. Among SCC, 79% were well differentiated with 13% moderate and 7% poorly differentiated in 1972 compared with 82% (P > .05), 10% (P >.05), and 8% (P > .05)in 2001. The average age of patients in 1972 was 76.2 and 64.1 in 2001 (P = .02). The most common locations in 1972 are head and neck (H&N) (54%), extremities (24%); 2001 H&N (50%) and extremities (32%, P = .05). CONCLUSIONS The data would suggest that NMSC is being diagnosed at a younger age and more commonly on the extremities in Veteran's than in the past. The relative proportion of SIS and of superficial and infiltrating BCC is also increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, James Haley Veteran's Hospital and Bay Area Dermatopathology, Ameripath, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA
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Abstract
We report on a 64-year-old male United States Navy Veteran of World War II, one of two identical twins, diagnosed with littoral cell angiomatosis of the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes, later found to have a massive poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma involving the mediastinum, adjoining lung, and sternum with widespread metastases. Herein we include our findings at autopsy, pertinent immunohistochemical studies, and a review of the literature pertaining to littoral cell angiomatosis with comment on its association with visceral malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33612, USA
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Collins GL, Somach S, Morgan MB. Histomorphologic and immunophenotypic analysis of fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas in Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome and sporadic disease. J Cutan Pathol 2002; 29:529-33. [PMID: 12358810 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0560.2002.290904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas are benign dermal neoplasms that likely derive from the mantle of the hair follicle and can occur sporadically or in association with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome (BHDS). Little is known about the pathogenesis and immunophenotypic properties of these entities. METHODS We investigated the histomorphologic and immnophenotypic properties of 15 fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas in two patients with BHDS and eight with sporadic disease. RESULTS We found the following: (1) fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas occurring in the setting of BHDS show microscopically contiguous histomorphologic features as compared to those occurring sporadically; (2) the immunophenotypic characteristics of syndromic-associated and sporadic types are identical and consist of (3) perifollicular vimentin (+), CD34 (+) and Factor XIII (-) spindle cells. CONCLUSIONS Despite subtle histomorphologic differences, trichodiscomas and fibrofolliculomas are immunophenotypically similar, and are thus likely derived from a similar histogenic precursor. Given the previously reported CD34 (+) immunophenotype of the hair mantle, our findings would support an origin of these lesions from the mantle of the hair follicle. The proliferation of CD34 (+) spindle cells seen in conjunction with these lesions should not be confused with other CD34 (+) dermal entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Miller PR, Croce MA, Bee TK, Qaisi WG, Smith CP, Collins GL, Fabian TC. ARDS after pulmonary contusion: accurate measurement of contusion volume identifies high-risk patients. J Trauma 2001; 51:223-8; discussion 229-30. [PMID: 11493778 DOI: 10.1097/00005373-200108000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of pulmonary contusion (PC) is poorly understood, and only minimal advances have been made in management of this entity over the past 20 years. Improvement in understanding of PC has been hindered by the fact that there has been no accurate way to quantitate the amount of pulmonary injury. With this project, we examine a method of accurately measuring degree of PC by quantifying contusion volume relative to pulmonary function and outcome. METHODS Patients with PC from isolated chest trauma who had admission chest computed tomographic scan were identified from the registry of a Level I trauma center over a 1.5-year period. Subsequently, prospective data on all patients admitted to the intensive care unit with PC during a 5-month period were collected and added to the retrospective database. Using computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction from admission chest computed tomographic scan, contusion volume was measured and expressed as a percentage of total lung volume. Admission pulmonary function variables (Pao2/FiO2, static compliance), injury descriptors (chest Abbreviated Injury Score, Injury Severity Score, injury distribution), and indicators of degree of shock (admission systolic blood pressure, admission base deficit) were documented. Outcomes included maximum positive end-expiratory pressure, ventilator days, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). RESULTS Forty-nine patients with PC (35 bilateral) were identified. The average severity of contusion was 18% (range, 5-55%). Patients were classified using contusion volume as severe PC (> or =20%, n = 17) and moderate PC (< 20%, n = 32). Injury Severity Score was similar in the severe and moderate groups (23.3 vs. 26.5, p = 0.33), as were admission Glasgow Coma Scale score (12 vs. 13, p = 0.30), admission blood pressure (131 vs. 129 mm Hg, p = 0.90), and admission Pao2/Fio2 (197 vs. 255, p = 0.14). However, there was a much higher rate of ARDS in the severe group as compared with the moderate group (82% vs. 22%, p < 0.001). There was a trend toward higher pneumonia rate in the severe group, with 50% of patients in the severe group developing pneumonia as compared with 28% in the moderate group (p = 0.20). CONCLUSION Extent of contusion volumes measured using three-dimensional reconstruction allows identification of patients at high risk of pulmonary dysfunction as characterized by development of ARDS. This method of measurement may provide a useful tool for the further study of PC as well as for the identification of patients at high risk of complications at whom future advances in therapy may be directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee at Memphis, 38163, USA.
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