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Castro EB, Beard JJ, Ochoa R, Bauchan GR, Otero-Colina G, Dowling APG, Lofego AC, Feres RJF. A New Species of Ultratenuipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil and Re-Description of Ultratenuipalpus meekeri (De Leon), the Type Species of the Genus, with DNA Barcodes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1838. [PMID: 37889717 PMCID: PMC10251912 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Ultratenuipalpus bear a broad subquadrate propodosoma with many large, flattened, lanceolate to ovate dorsal setae. They also bear some plesiomorphic character states, such as the presence of three pairs of ventral ps setae. Here, we describe Ultratenuipalpus parameekeri Castro, Ochoa & Feres sp. nov. based on adult females, males, and immatures, collected on ferns from Brazil. We also re-describe Ultratenuipalpus meekeri (De Leon), the type species of the genus, based on types and newly collected material from Mexico, and include additional novel data (e.g., dorsal and ventral ornamentation, leg chaetotaxy, and setal measurements) in a standardized form. We include highly detailed images obtained using LT-SEM, accompanied by DNA barcodes, for both species. The ontogenetic additions of leg chaetotaxy are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizeu B. Castro
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Jennifer J. Beard
- Queensland Museum, P.O. Box 3300, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Ronald Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville Agricultural Research Centre (BARC), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit (ECMU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville Agricultural Research Centre (BARC), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Gabriel Otero-Colina
- Posgrado en Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56264, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ashley P. G. Dowling
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Antonio C. Lofego
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo J. F. Feres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
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2
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Ma P, Zhang J, Teng Z, Zhang Y, Bauchan GR, Luo Y, Liu D, Wang Q. Metal-Organic Framework-Stabilized High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsions Based on Computer Simulation for Curcumin Encapsulation: Comprehensive Characterization and Stability Mechanism. ACS Omega 2021; 6:26556-26565. [PMID: 34661010 PMCID: PMC8515605 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) have taken a center stage in the arena of delivery systems in the food industry because of their high loading capacity and stability. In addition, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a type of cutting-edge designable porous scaffolding material, have attracted attention in reticular chemistry, which satisfies fundamental demands for delivery research in the past years. Here, we demonstrate a novel metal-organic framework (MOF)-stabilized HIPPE delivery system for hydrophobic phytochemicals. First, a novel high-biocompatibility and stable MOF particle, UiO-66-NH2, was selected from atomic simulation screening, which showed proper electronegativity and amphiphilic properties to develop the HIPPE system. Monodispersed UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles with the particle size of 161.36 nm were then prepared via solvothermal synthesization. Pickering emulsions with inner phase ratios from 50 to 80% with varied contents of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared by in situ high-pressure homogenization, and their physicochemical properties including crystallography, morphology, and rheology were systematically characterized. Subsequently, curcumin, a model antioxidant, was loaded in the HIPPE system and named cur@UiO-66-NH2/HIPPE. It exhibited high loading capacity, up to 6.93 ± 0.41%, and encapsulation efficiency (19.76 ± 3.84%). This novel MOF nanoparticle-stabilized HIPPE delivery system could be practically utilized for other bioactive components and antimicrobial agents, which would find applications in food safety and biomedical areas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihua Ma
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zi Teng
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Agricultural
Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Food Quality
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical and
Natural Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- Agricultural
Research Service, Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Electron
and Confocal Microscopy Unit, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Yaguang Luo
- Agricultural
Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Food Quality
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Dongxia Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical and
Natural Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Qin Wang
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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3
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Kantor MR, Handoo ZA, Subbotin SA, Bauchan GR, Mowery JD. Morphological and molecular characterization of Paratylenchus beltsvillensis n. sp. (Tylenchida: Paratylenchidae) from the rhizosphere of pine tree ( Pinus virginiana Mill) in Maryland, USA. J Nematol 2021; 53:e2021-79. [PMID: 34541548 PMCID: PMC8425311 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pin nematode, Paratylechus beltsvillensis n. sp. collected from rhizosphere soil of a Virginia pine tree (Pinus virginiana Mill) growing in Little Paint Branch Park, Beltsville, Prince George’s County, Maryland, USA, is described and illustrated along with light and scanning electron photomicrographs. Females, males, and juveniles of this new species were recovered from soil samples using the sugar centrifugal flotation and Baermann funnel extraction methods. Morphologically, females are short, body length ranging from 245 to 267 μm, stylet from 70 to 75 μm long with anchor shaped knobs, vulva located at 70–73% and small vulval flap, spermatheca large, and ovoid filled with sperms. Lateral field with three incisures, of which the outer two are prominent. Tail slender, having a rounded tail terminus. Males without stylet and have a degenerated pharynx, spicules = 17–20 µm and gubernaculum = 5.0–5.5 µm. Both morphological observations and molecular analysis of ITS and partial 28S ribosomal RNA gene sequences indicated that the specimens collected from the soil at Beltsville Park from rhizosphere soil samples from Virginia pine represents a new pin nematode species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail R Kantor
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD, 20705
| | - Zafar A Handoo
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD, 20705
| | - Sergei A Subbotin
- Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA, 95832.,Center of Parasitology of A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 33, Moscow, 117071, Russia
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD, 20705
| | - Joseph D Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD, 20705
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Di Palma A, Beard JJ, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R, Seeman OD, Kitajima EW. Dorsal setae in Raoiella (Acari: Tenuipalpidae): Their functional morphology and implication in fluid secretion. Arthropod Struct Dev 2021; 60:101023. [PMID: 33401135 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The setae of mites are not regarded as secretory structures, yet in the flat mite genus Raoiella, each developmental stage presents droplets of fluid associated with the tips of their dorsal setae. To understand the origin of this fluid, the ultrastructure of the dorsal setae is investigated in females of Raoiella bauchani Beard & Ochoa and the invasive pest species Raoiella indica Hirst using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The dorsal setae are barbed along their entire length and have either a broadened plumose or a flat spatulate tip. Ultrastructurally, they present the typical features of mechanoreceptors, but have a "hollow" axis represented by a protoplasmatic core containing dendritic branches. This combination of ultrastructural characters indicates that the setae might be multimodal receptors: acting as both mechanoreceptors and contact chemoreceptors. The epidermal cells that underlie the setal sockets are columnar and have an ultrastructure that suggests they have a glandular function. Moreover, these cells present regular microvilli apically and form extracellular cuticular canals, containing epicuticular filaments, that are connected with the microvilli proximally and which open via pores onto the surface of the setal base distally. This arrangement indicates that the secretion from the microvilli passes into the canals and is then conducted to pores at the base of the seta, where it then accumulates and moves up the setal shaft, along the longitudinal grooves of the barbs. Based on similar arrangements in some insect taxa, the organization of the structures here observed in Raoiella suggests the passage of a non-polar, water insoluble, lipoid fluid through the cuticle, the function of which is still obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Palma
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Science and Engineering (DAFNE), Food Environment, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Jenifer J Beard
- Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, ARS-USDA, BARC, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Ronald Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS-USDA, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Owen D Seeman
- Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Elliot W Kitajima
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13418900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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5
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Kantor MR, Handoo ZA, Skantar AM, Hult MN, Ingham RE, Wade NM, Ye W, Bauchan GR, Mowery JD. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Punctodera mulveyi n. sp. (Nematoda: Punctoderidae) from a golf course green in Oregon, USA, with a key to species of Punctodera. NEMATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Punctodera mulveyi n. sp. is described and illustrated from turf grass (Poa annua) in golf course greens with other fescues in Bandon, Coos County, Oregon, USA. Females and cysts are characterised by a saccate, globose to ovoid or pear-shaped body with a protruding neck. The cuticle has a lace-like pattern of ridges and heavy punctations on the subsurface. Cysts have distinctive vulval and anal circumfenestral patterns with heavy bullae scattered around the fenestral area, these being absent in young cysts. Second-stage juveniles (J2) vermiform, tapering to a long and cylindrical tail with a bluntly rounded to occasionally clavate tail terminus. Morphologically the new species resembles all known species of Punctodera using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations, but differs from the other species either by the J2 body and stylet length, shape of head, tail and tail terminus, female and male stylet or spicule length, and in having distinctive vulval and anal circumfenestral patterns in the cysts. Molecular analysis with sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees of ITS rDNA, nuclear heat shock protein 90 and mitochondrial COI sequences separated P. mulveyi n. sp. from P. matadorensis, P. punctata, P. stonei and P. chalcoensis, but 18S and 28S were relatively conserved with a few bp differences and there were insufficient Punctodera species sequences to give strong support to a new species designation. A morphologically most closely related species, P. stonei from Canada, further supported the status of P. mulveyi n. sp. An identification key to all five nominal species of Punctodera is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail R. Kantor
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Zafar A. Handoo
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Andrea M. Skantar
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Maria N. Hult
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Russell E. Ingham
- Botany and Plant Pathology Nematology Research Program & Extension Nematode Testing Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Nadine M. Wade
- Botany and Plant Pathology Nematology Research Program & Extension Nematode Testing Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Weimin Ye
- North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, 4300 Reedy Creek Road, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- Electron & Confocal Microscopy, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Joseph D. Mowery
- Electron & Confocal Microscopy, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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6
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Liu M, Yi TC, Gulbronson C, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R. Ontogenetic and morphological studies on Tetranychus canadensis (Acari: <br />Tetranychidae). Zootaxa 2020; 4857:zootaxa.4857.1.11. [PMID: 33056352 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4857.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Tetranychus canadensis (McGregor) is redescribed based on type specimens and American non-type specimens. The ontogenetic development of leg chaetotaxy is provided, which is the typical additional pattern for Tetranychus. The variation of pregenital striae and shape of aedeagi are discussed. Low temperature scanning electron microscopic photos show the supracoxal setae on palpfemur (ep) and leg coxae I (el) are eupathidia; lateral and ventral lips bear modified leaf-like adoral setae (or2 and or3) and the dorsal lips bearing a pair of spine-like dorsal adoral setae (or1); dorsal seta on tibia I (db) is a trichobothrium with a cup-shaped base and broken striae on the inner integument. Confocal scanning shows a thin, long ejaculatory duct and a thicker duct connecting the aedeagus to a cup-shaped seminal vesicle; the aedeagus is hollow where the ejaculatory duct passes through.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550009, P.R. China (IBAS)..
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7
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Barnaby JY, Huggins TD, Lee H, McClung AM, Pinson SRM, Oh M, Bauchan GR, Tarpley L, Lee K, Kim MS, Edwards JD. Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging distinguishes sub-population, production environment, and physicochemical grain properties in rice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9284. [PMID: 32518379 PMCID: PMC7283329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice grain quality is a multifaceted quantitative trait that impacts crop value and is influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Chemical, physical, and visual analyses are the standard methods for measuring grain quality. In this study, we evaluated high-throughput hyperspectral imaging for quantification of rice grain quality and classification of grain samples by genetic sub-population and production environment. Whole grain rice samples from the USDA mini-core collection grown in multiple locations were evaluated using hyperspectral imaging and compared with results from standard phenotyping. Loci associated with hyperspectral values were mapped in the mini-core with 3.2 million SNPs in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Our results show that visible and near infra-red (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy can classify rice according to sub-population and production environment based on differences in physicochemical grain properties. The 702–900 nm range of the NIR spectrum was associated with the chalky grain trait. GWAS revealed that grain chalk and hyperspectral variation share genomic regions containing several plausible candidate genes for grain chalkiness. Hyperspectral quantification of grain chalk was validated using a segregating bi-parental mapping population. These results indicate that Vis/NIR can be used for non-destructive high throughput phenotyping of grain chalk and potentially other grain quality properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Y Barnaby
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
| | - Trevis D Huggins
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
| | - Hoonsoo Lee
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.,Department of Biosystems Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna M McClung
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
| | - Shannon R M Pinson
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
| | - Mirae Oh
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.,Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron & Confocal Microscopy Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Lee Tarpley
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Texas A&M University System, Beaumont, TX, 77713, USA
| | - Kangjin Lee
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Haman, 52054, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon S Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Jeremy D Edwards
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA.
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8
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Li AY, Cook SC, Sonenshine DE, Posada-Florez F, Noble NII, Mowery J, Gulbronson CJ, Bauchan GR. Insights into the feeding behaviors and biomechanics of Varroa destructor mites on honey bee pupae using electropenetrography and histology. J Insect Physiol 2019; 119:103950. [PMID: 31562841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Feeding behaviors and biomechanics of female Varroa destructor mites are revealed from AC-DC electropenetrography (EPG) recordings of mites feeding from Apis mellifera honey bee pupae and histology of mite internal ingestion apparatus. EPG signals characteristic of arthropod suction feeding (ingestion) were identified for mites that fed on pupae during overnight recordings. Ingestion by these mites was confirmed afterwards by observing internally fluorescent microbeads previously injected into their hosts. Micrographs of internal ingestion apparatus illustrate the connection between a gnathosomal tube and a pharyngeal lumen, which is surrounded by alternating dilator and constrictor muscles. Inspection of EPG signals showed the muscularized mite pharyngeal pump operates at a mean repetition rate of 4.5 cycles/s to ingest host fluids. Separate feeding events observed for mites numbered between 23 and 33 over approximately 16 h of recording, with each event lasting ~10 s. Feeding events were each separated by ~2 min. Consecutive feeding events separated by either locomotion or prolonged periods of quiescence were grouped into feeding bouts, which ranged in number from one to six. Statistical analyses of EPG data revealed that feeding events were prolonged for mites having lower pharyngeal pump frequencies, and mites having prolonged feeding events went unfed for significantly more time between feeding events. These results suggest that mites may adjust behaviors to meet limitations of their feeding apparatus to acquire similar amounts of food. Data reported here help to provide a more robust view of Varroa mite feeding than those previously reported and are both reminiscent of, as well as distinct from, some other acarines and fluid-feeding insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Li
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol & Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, UDSA, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Steven C Cook
- Bee Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, UDSA, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
| | - Daniel E Sonenshine
- Bee Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, UDSA, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States
| | - Francisco Posada-Florez
- Bee Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, UDSA, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Noble I I Noble
- Bee Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, UDSA, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Joseph Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Connor J Gulbronson
- Floral and Nursery Plant Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
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9
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Wei W, Davis RE, Bauchan GR, Zhao Y. New Symptoms Identified in Phytoplasma-Infected Plants Reveal Extra Stages of Pathogen-Induced Meristem Fate-Derailment. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2019; 32:1314-1323. [PMID: 31120802 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-19-0035-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, the transition of a shoot apical meristem from vegetative to reproductive destiny is a graduated, multistage process that involves sequential conversion of the vegetative meristem to an inflorescence meristem, initiation of floral meristems, emergence of flower organ primordia, and formation of floral organs. This orderly process can be derailed by phytoplasma, a bacterium that parasitizes phloem sieve cells. In a previous study, we showed that phytoplasma-induced malformation of flowers reflects stage-specific derailment of shoot apical meristems from their genetically preprogrammed reproductive destiny. Our current study unveiled new symptoms of abnormal morphogenesis, pointing to derailment of meristem transition at additional stages previously unidentified. We also found that the fate of developing meristems may be derailed even after normal termination of the floral meristem and onset of seed production. Although previous reports by others have indicated that different symptoms may be induced by different phytoplasmal effectors, the phenomenon observed in our experiment raises interesting questions as to (i) whether effectors can act at specific stages of meristem transition and (ii) whether specific floral abnormalities are attributable to meristem fate-derailment events triggered by different effectors that each act at a specific stage in meristem transition. Research addressing such questions may lead to discoveries of an array of phytoplasmal effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A
| | - Robert E Davis
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center
| | - Yan Zhao
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A
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10
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Riddick EW, Miller GL, Owen CL, Bauchan GR, Schmidt JM, Gariepy T, Brown RL, Grodowitz MJ. Discovery of Aphis ruborum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Aphelinus varipes (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Cultivated Strawberry in Mississippi, USA. J Insect Sci 2019; 19:5512999. [PMID: 31175831 PMCID: PMC6556079 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An adventive aphid and novel host-parasitoid association from cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananessa Duch. cv. Chandler; Fragaria × ananessa Duch. cv. Camarosa) in Mississippi, USA are reported herein. The aphid, first detected in high tunnel cultivation, was found predominately on newly emerged, not fully developed leaflets of daughter plants in the Fall of 2016. By 2017, aphids and their associated mummies were observed on fully developed leaflets on mother plants of both cultivars. The aphid was identified as Aphis ruborum (Börner & Schilder) using morphology and DNA barcoding studies. In addition, DNA barcoding identified parasitoid adults emerging from aphid mummies as two cryptic species, Aphelinus varipes (Foerster) and Aphelinus albipodus Hayat and Fatima. Occurrence of A. ruborum in Mississippi represents a new state record and the eastern-most established record in the United States. The A. ruborum - A. varipes or A. albipodus host-parasitoid association is reported for the first time anywhere in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Riddick
- USDA, National Biological Control Laboratory, Stoneville, MS
| | - Gary L Miller
- USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Gary R Bauchan
- USDA, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Tara Gariepy
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Richard L Brown
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi Entomological Museum, Mississippi State, MS
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Bassini-Silva R, Jacinavicius FDC, Hernandes FA, Ochoa R, Bauchan GR, Dowling APG, Barros-Battesti DM. Dermatitis in humans caused by Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese 1888) (Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) and new records from Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2019; 28:134-139. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Ornithonyssus bursa, known as the “tropical fowl mite”, is a hematophagous mite of domestic and wild birds, occasionally biting humans. Infestation on humans occurs mainly when the abandoned nests are close to homes, or by manipulation of infested birds by humans. In Brazil, this species occurs in the south and southeast of the country. In the present study we are reporting bites on humans, new localities records, host associations, and molecular information of O. bursa.
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12
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Escasa SR, Harrison RL, Mowery JD, Bauchan GR, Cory JS. The complete genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from Spodoptera exempta, an agricultural pest of major economic significance in Africa. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209937. [PMID: 30735528 PMCID: PMC6368282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV) is a viral pathogen of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a significant agricultural pest of cereal crops in Africa. SpexNPV has been evaluated as a potential insecticide for control of this pest and has served as the subject of research on baculovirus pathology and transmission. Occlusion bodies (OBs) of SpexNPV isolate 244.1 were examined, and the nucleotide sequence of the genome was determined and characterized. SpexNPV-244.1 OBs consisted of irregular polyhedra with a size and appearance typical for alphabaculoviruses. Virions within the polyhedra contained 1–8 nucleocapsids per unit envelope. The SpexNPV-244.1 genome was comprised of a 129,528 bp circular sequence, in which 139 ORFs were annotated. Five homologous regions (hrs) consisting of a variable number of 28-bp imperfect palindromes were identified in the genome. The genome sequence contained the 38 core genes of family Baculoviridae, as well as three ORFs unique to the SpexNPV sequence and one ORF that was apparently acquired by horizontal gene transfer with a betabaculovirus ancestor. Phylogenetic inference with core gene amino acid sequence alignments placed SpexNPV-244.1 in a lineage containing alphabaculoviruses of Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodopotera exigua which in turn is part of a larger group of alphabaculoviruses from the subfamily Noctuinae in the lepidopteran family Noctuidae. Kimura-2-parameter pairwise nucleotide distances indicated that SpexNPV-244.1 represented a different and previously unlisted species in the genus Alphabaculovirus. Gene parity plots indicated that the gene order of SpexNPV-244.l was extensively collinear with that of Spodoptera exigua NPV (SeMNPV). These plots also revealed a group of 17 core genes whose order was conserved in other alpha- and betabaculoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R. Escasa
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecology, Great Lakes Forestry Centre and Biology Department, Algoma University, Sault Ste, Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert L. Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RLH); (JSC)
| | - Joseph D. Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jenny S. Cory
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, University Boulevard, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (RLH); (JSC)
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13
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Castro EB, Beard JJ, Ochoa R, Bauchan GR, Feres RJF. Two new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with a discussion on the ontogeny of leg setae. Zootaxa 2018; 4540:178-210. [PMID: 30647333 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Amazon and the Cerrado are the two largest biomes in Brazil, and combined represent nearly 70% of the natural vegetation in the country. Recent surveys of the mite fauna present in these two biomes have revealed a great number of new species. In this paper, we describe the adult females, deutonymphs, protonymphs, larvae and eggs of two new species of Tenuipalpidae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychoidea), Tenuipalpus protium sp. nov., collected on Protium heptaphyllum (Burseraceae), and Tenuipalpus kitajimai sp. nov., collected on an unidentified plant of the family Sapindaceae, from the Cerrado and the Amazon Rainforest, respectively. Females of these two new species bear two distinct cuticular crests on the dorsal opisthosoma, one transverse crest anteriorly and one longitudinal crest mesally. The ontogenetic changes in the idiosomal and leg chaetotaxy of all stages are presented for both species. Adult males are not known for either species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizeu B Castro
- Department of Zoology and Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil..
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14
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Harrison RL, Mowery JD, Bauchan GR, Theilmann DA, Erlandson MA. The complete genome sequence of a second alphabaculovirus from the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta: implications for baculovirus phylogeny and host specificity. Virus Genes 2018; 55:104-116. [PMID: 30430308 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Mythimna unipuncta nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate KY310 (MyunNPV-KY310) is an alphabaculovirus isolated from a true armyworm (Mythimna unipuncta) population in Kentucky, USA. Occlusion bodies of this virus were examined by electron microscopy and the genome sequence was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. MyunNPV-KY310 occlusion bodies consisted of irregular polyhedra measuring 0.8-1.8 µm in diameter and containing multiple virions, with one to six nucleocapsids per virion. The genome sequence was determined to be 156,647 bp with a nucleotide distribution of 43.9% G+C. 152 ORFs and six homologous repeat (hr) regions were annotated for the sequence, including the 38 core genes of family Baculoviridae and an additional group of 26 conserved alphabaculovirus genes. BLAST queries and phylogenetic inference confirmed that MyunNPV-KY310 is most closely related to the alphabaculovirus Leucania separata nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate AH1, which infects Mythimna separata. In contrast, MyunNPV-KY310 did not exhibit a close relationship with Mythimna unipuncta nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate #7, an alphabaculovirus from the same host species. MyunNPV-KY310 lacks the gp64 envelope glycoprotein, which is a characteristic of group II alphabaculoviruses. However, this virus and five other alphabaculoviruses lacking gp64 are placed outside the group I and group II clades in core gene phylogenies, further demonstrating that viruses of genus Alphabaculovirus do not occur in two monophyletic clades. Potential instances of MyunNPV-KY310 ORFs arising by horizontal transfer were detected. Although there are now genome sequences of four different baculoviruses from M. unipuncta, comparison of their genome sequences provides little insight into the genetic basis for their host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Joseph D Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - David A Theilmann
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Martin A Erlandson
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
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15
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Salgado-Salazar C, Bauchan GR, Wallace EC, Crouch JA. Visualization of the impatiens downy mildew pathogen using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Plant Methods 2018; 14:92. [PMID: 30386410 PMCID: PMC6199785 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmopara obducens is the biotrophic oomycete responsible for impatiens downy mildew, a destructive disease of Impatiens that causes high crop loss. Currently, there are no available methods for the microscopic detection of P. obducens from leaves of impatiens, which may be contributing to the spread of the disease. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a sensitive and robust method that uses sequence-specific, fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probes to detect target organisms from the environment. To study this important pathogen, we developed and standardized a FISH technique for the visualization of P. obducens from Impatiens walleriana tissues using a species-specific 24-mer oligonucleotide probe designed to target a region of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). RESULTS Since P. obducens cannot be propagated in vitro, we developed a custom E. coli expression vector that transcribes the P. obducens rRNA-ITS target sequence (clone-FISH) for use as a control and to optimize hybridization conditions. The FISH assay could detect P. obducens sporangiophores, sporangia and oospores, and hyphae from naturally infected I. walleriana leaves and stems. Cross-reactivity was not observed from plant tissue, and the assay did not react when applied to E. coli with self-ligated plasmids and non-target oomycete species. CONCLUSIONS This FISH protocol may provide a valuable tool for the study of this disease and could potentially be used to improve early monitoring of P. obducens, substantially reducing the persistence and spread of this destructive plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Salgado-Salazar
- Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
- ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, MC-100-44, P.O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- Agriculture Research Service, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Emma C. Wallace
- Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
- ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, MC-100-44, P.O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Present Address: Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 120 Buckhout Lab, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Jo Anne Crouch
- Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
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Harrison RL, Herniou EA, Jehle JA, Theilmann DA, Burand JP, Becnel JJ, Krell PJ, van Oers MM, Mowery JD, Bauchan GR, Ictv Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Baculoviridae. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1185-1186. [PMID: 29947603 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Baculoviridae comprises large viruses with circular dsDNA genomes ranging from 80 to 180 kbp. The virions consist of enveloped, rod-shaped nucleocapsids and are embedded in distinctive occlusion bodies measuring 0.15-5 µm. The occlusion bodies consist of a matrix composed of a single viral protein expressed at high levels during infection. Members of this family infect exclusively larvae of the insect orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Baculoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/baculoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- 1Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Herniou
- 2Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université François Rabelais, Tours 37200, France
| | - Johannes A Jehle
- 3Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - David A Theilmann
- 4Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - John P Burand
- 5Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - James J Becnel
- 6Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Peter J Krell
- 7Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Monique M van Oers
- 8Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6709 PD, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph D Mowery
- 9Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- 9Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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17
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De araÚjo MS, Bichuette ME, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R, Feres RJF. A new species of cave dwelling Neocarus (Acari: Opilioacaridae) from Bahia state, Brazil, with remarks on taxonomic characters. Zootaxa 2018; 4402:303-322. [PMID: 29690268 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neocarus coronatus n. sp., is described from caves and the surrounding epigean habitats from a karst area of São Desidério county, Bahia state, Brazil. A dissection procedure is presented for the better use of scarce Opilioacaridae material, especially to analyze gut contents. Sexual dimorphism is presented, mainly differences in the density of setae on the dorsal shield in the prominent triangular anterior region. Females have an ovipositor with 3 pairs of smooth digitiform projections and 6-8 eugenital setae. Adults have a palpal tibiotarsus with 4 d setae. Using Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy (LT-SEM), evaluation of the chaetotaxy (especially setal shape) and morphology are greatly improved over standard light microscopy techniques enhancing the interpretation of characters for species differentiation. Also, we discuss the fragility of microinvertebrates in cave habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Santos De araÚjo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil..
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18
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Cooper B, Campbell KB, Beard HS, Garrett WM, Mowery J, Bauchan GR, Elia P. A Proteomic Network for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency in Bradyrhizobium elkanii. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2018; 31:334-343. [PMID: 29117782 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-17-0243-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobia colonize legumes and reduce N2 to NH3 in root nodules. The current model is that symbiotic rhizobia bacteroids avoid assimilating this NH3. Instead, host legume cells form glutamine from NH3, and the nitrogen is returned to the bacteroid as dicarboxylates, peptides, and amino acids. In soybean cells surrounding bacteroids, glutamine also is converted to ureides. One problem for soybean cultivation is inefficiency in symbiotic N2 fixation, the biochemical basis of which is unknown. Here, the proteomes of bacteroids of Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA76 isolated from N2 fixation-efficient Peking and -inefficient Williams 82 soybean nodules were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Nearly half of the encoded bacterial proteins were quantified. Efficient bacteroids produced greater amounts of enzymes to form Nod factors and had increased amounts of signaling proteins, transporters, and enzymes needed to generate ATP to power nitrogenase and to acquire resources. Parallel investigation of nodule proteins revealed that Peking had no significantly greater accumulation of enzymes needed to assimilate NH3 than Williams 82. Instead, efficient bacteroids had increased amounts of enzymes to produce amino acids, including glutamine, and to form ureide precursors. These results support a model for efficient symbiotic N2 fixation in soybean where the bacteroid assimilates NH3 for itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret Cooper
- 1 Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.; and
| | - Kimberly B Campbell
- 1 Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.; and
| | - Hunter S Beard
- 1 Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.; and
| | | | - Joseph Mowery
- 1 Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.; and
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- 1 Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.; and
| | - Patrick Elia
- 1 Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.; and
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Zhou B, Luo Y, Bauchan GR, Feng H, Stommel JR. Visualizing pathogen internalization pathways in fresh tomatoes using MicroCT and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Childers CC, de Lillo E, Bauchan GR, Rogers ME, Ochoa R, Robinson C. External morphology of the mouthparts and observations on behavior of Tuckerella japonica on Camellia sinensis in the continental USA. Exp Appl Acarol 2018; 74:55-71. [PMID: 29255965 PMCID: PMC5801382 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuckerella japonica Ehara (Acari: Tetranychoidea: Tuckerellidae) was found on stems of seedling plants of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Theaceae) in the continental USA. This mite is able to pierce exposed green periderm tissue with its paired stylets on 1- to 3- or 4-year-old stems where the outer bark had split longitudinally. The mite was not found on branches older than 3 or 4 years, where splitting diminished and, eventually, a uniform covering of bark was formed. The mouthparts of T. japonica were examined under scanning electron microscopy and their external morphology was compared with known Tetranychoidea. There were usually one or two feeding holes in an area where the female subsequently deposited one or more eggs. Females were observed defending the areas where their eggs and/or young occurred. This behavior along with potentially limited access to exposed periderm or availability of shoots in the rows of plants may restrict higher populations of T. japonica from becoming established. The potential of T. japonica as an economic pest remains unknown at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl C Childers
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
- , Hendersonville, NC, 28792, USA.
| | - Enrico de Lillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', via Amendola, 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit (E&CMU), USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Michael E Rogers
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Ronald Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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Harrison RL, Mowery JD, Rowley DL, Bauchan GR, Theilmann DA, Rohrmann GF, Erlandson MA. The complete genome sequence of a third distinct baculovirus isolated from the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta, contains two copies of the lef-7 gene. Virus Genes 2017; 54:297-310. [PMID: 29204787 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A baculovirus isolate from a USDA Forest Service collection was characterized by electron microscopy and analysis of its genome sequence. The isolate, formerly referred to as Pseudoletia (Mythimna) sp. nucleopolyhedrovirus #7 (MyspNPV#7), was determined by barcoding PCR to derive from the host species Mythimna unipuncta (true armyworm) and was renamed Mythimna unipuncta nucleopolyhedrovirus #7 (MyunNPV#7). The occlusion bodies (OBs) and virions exhibited a size and morphology typical for OBs produced by the species of genus Alphabaculovirus, with occlusion-derived virions consisting of 2-5 nucleocapsids within a single envelope. The MyunNPV#7 genome was determined to be 148,482 bp with a 48.58% G+C nucleotide distribution. A total of 159 ORFs of 150 bp or larger were annotated in the genome sequence, including the 38 core genes of family Baculoviridae. The genome contained six homologous repeat regions (hrs) consisting of multiple copies of a 34-bp imperfect palindrome. Phylogenetic inference from concatenated baculovirus core gene amino acid sequence alignments placed MyunNPV#7 with group II alphabaculoviruses isolated from other armyworm and cutworm host species of lepidopteran family Noctuidae. MyunNPV#7 could be distinguished from other viruses in this group on the basis of differences in gene content and order. Pairwise nucleotide distances suggested that MyunNPV#7 represents a distinct species in Alphabaculovirus. The MyunNPV#7 genome was found to contain two copies of the late expression factor-7 (lef-7) gene, a feature not reported for any other baculovirus genome to date. Both copies of lef-7 encoded an F-box domain, which is required for the function of LEF-7 in baculovirus DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Joseph D Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Daniel L Rowley
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - David A Theilmann
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - George F Rohrmann
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-3804, USA
| | - Martin A Erlandson
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
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22
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Harrison RL, Rowley DL, Mowery JD, Bauchan GR, Burand JP. The Operophtera brumata Nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpbuNPV) Represents an Early, Divergent Lineage within Genus Alphabaculovirus. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100307. [PMID: 29065456 PMCID: PMC5691658 DOI: 10.3390/v9100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Operophtera brumata nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpbuNPV) infects the larvae of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata. As part of an effort to explore the pesticidal potential of OpbuNPV, an isolate of this virus from Massachusetts (USA)-OpbuNPV-MA-was characterized by electron microscopy of OpbuNPV occlusion bodies (OBs) and by sequencing of the viral genome. The OBs of OpbuNPV-MA consisted of irregular polyhedra and contained virions consisting of a single rod-shaped nucleocapsid within each envelope. Presumptive cypovirus OBs were also detected in sections of the OB preparation. The OpbuNPV-MA genome assembly yielded a circular contig of 119,054 bp and was found to contain little genetic variation, with most polymorphisms occurring at a frequency of < 6%. A total of 130 open reading frames (ORFs) were annotated, including the 38 core genes of Baculoviridae, along with five homologous repeat (hr) regions. The results of BLASTp and phylogenetic analysis with selected ORFs indicated that OpbuNPV-MA is not closely related to other alphabaculoviruses. Phylogenies based on concatenated core gene amino acid sequence alignments placed OpbuNPV-MA on a basal branch lying outside other alphabaculovirus clades. These results indicate that OpbuNPV-MA represents a divergent baculovirus lineage that appeared early during the diversification of genus Alphabaculovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Daniel L Rowley
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Joseph D Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - John P Burand
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Hernandes FA, OConnor BM, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R. A new species of Proctophyllodes Robin, 1868 (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from two tanagers of the genus Piranga Vieillot (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae) from North America. J NAT HIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1381772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry M. OConnor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
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24
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Xu Y, Nagy A, Bauchan GR, Xia X, Nou X. Enhanced biofilm formation in dual-species culture of Listeria monocytogenes and Ralstonia insidiosa. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:774-783. [PMID: 31294188 PMCID: PMC6604966 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.4.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the natural environments microorganisms coexist in communities as biofilms. Since foodborne pathogens have varying abilities to form biofilms, investigation of bacterial interactions in biofilm formation may enhance our understanding of the persistence of these foodborne pathogens in the environment. Thus the objective of this study was to investigate the interactions between Listeria monocytogenes and Ralstonia insidiosa in dual species biofilms. Biofilm development after 24 h was measured using crystal violet in 96-well microtiter plate. Scanning electron microscopy and cell enumeration were employed after growth on stainless steel coupons. When compared with their single species counterparts, the dual species biofilms exhibited a significant increase in biofilm biomass. The number of L. monocytogenes in co-culture biofilms on stainless steel also increased significantly. However, there was no effect on the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes when cultured with R. insidiosa separated by a semi-permeable membrane-linked compartment or cultured in R. insidiosa cell-free supernatant, indicating that direct cell-cell contact is critical for this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Attila Nagy
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangwu Nou
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
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25
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Metz MA, Miller DR, Dickey AM, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R, Skvarla MJ, Miller GL. Rediscovering digitules in Aphidomorpha and the question of homology among Sternorrhyncha (Insecta, Hemiptera). Zookeys 2017; 683:39-50. [PMID: 28769728 PMCID: PMC5523355 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.683.10100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore and expand on the morphological term digitule. The term was originally proposed for toe-like setae on a species of Phylloxera Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834 (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphidomorpha) by Henry Shimer, an American naturalist. While it is standard terminology in scale systematics (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccidomorpha), the term digitule was ignored by aphid specialists despite being the original taxon for which the term was described. Similar setae occur on many arthropod groups, so the homology is poorly understood even within any superfamily of Hemiptera. We provide the etymology of the term, a proposed explanation for why it was used among scale taxonomists and not aphid taxonomists, and discuss briefly options to progress beyond the confusion between terminology for morphology and homology in Sternorrhyncha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Metz
- USDA, ARS, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, c/o Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, E-524, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Douglass R. Miller
- USDA, ARS, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
- Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida, 32614, USA
| | - Aaron M. Dickey
- US Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. BOX 166 (State Spur 18D)/USDA-ARS-PA-MARC, Clay Center NE 68933, USA
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- USDA, ARS, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 012, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Ronald Ochoa
- USDA, ARS, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
- Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida, 32614, USA
| | - Michael J. Skvarla
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Gary L. Miller
- USDA, ARS, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
- Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida, 32614, USA
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26
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Kendra PE, Owens D, Montgomery WS, Narvaez TI, Bauchan GR, Schnell EQ, Tabanca N, Carrillo D. α-Copaene is an attractant, synergistic with quercivorol, for improved detection of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179416. [PMID: 28609448 PMCID: PMC5469513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tea shot-hole borer, Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff, is an ambrosia beetle endemic to Asia and a pest of commercial tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Recently, a complex of species morphologically similar to E. fornicatus has been recognized, which includes new pests established in Israel and the USA, both in California and Florida. Collectively termed E. nr. fornicatus, these cryptic species carry symbiotic Fusarium spp. fungi, some of which cause dieback disease in susceptible hosts, which include avocado, Persea americana Miller. Due to the threat to this economically important crop, research was initiated to evaluate efficacy of kairomone-based lures for detection of the beetle in Florida (termed the Florida tea shot hole borer, FL-TSHB). A series of field tests were conducted in 2016 in commercial avocado groves known to have FL-TSHB at various population levels. All tests evaluated lures containing quercivorol (p-menth-2-en-1-ol) and α-copaene, presented separately and in combination; and one test evaluated effect of trap type on beetle captures. In addition, electroantennography (EAG) was used to quantify female olfactory responses to lure emissions. This study identified (-)-α-copaene as a new attractant for FL-TSHB, equivalent in efficacy to quercivorol (the standard lure for Euwallacea detection in the USA); however, the combination of lures captured significantly more FL-TSHB than either lure alone. This combination resulted in synergistic attraction at two field sites and additive attraction at a third site. Sticky panel traps captured more FL-TSHB than comparably-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Females engaged in host-seeking flight from 11:00 to 16:00 hr (EST), with peak numbers observed between 12:00 and 13:00 hr. EAG analyses confirmed olfactory chemoreception of both kairomones, with a higher response elicited with the combination of volatiles. Results indicate that detection of pest E. nr. fornicatus in Florida can be improved by using a two-component lure consisting of p-menth-2-en-1-ol and (-)-α-copaene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Kendra
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - David Owens
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Wayne S. Montgomery
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Teresa I. Narvaez
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area Research Center, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Elena Q. Schnell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, FL, United States of America
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27
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Harrison RL, Rowley DL, Mowery J, Bauchan GR, Theilmann DA, Rohrmann GF, Erlandson MA. The Complete Genome Sequence of a Second Distinct Betabaculovirus from the True Armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170510. [PMID: 28103323 PMCID: PMC5245865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The betabaculovirus originally called Pseudaletia (Mythimna) sp. granulovirus #8 (MyspGV#8) was examined by electron microscopy, host barcoding PCR, and determination of the nucleotide sequence of its genome. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the occlusion bodies of MyspGV#8 possessed the characteristic size range and morphology of betabaculovirus granules. Barcoding PCR using cytochrome oxidase I primers with DNA from the MyspGV#8 collection sample confirmed that it had been isolated from the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and therefore was renamed MyunGV#8. The MyunGV#8 genome was found to be 144,673 bp in size with a nucleotide distribution of 49.9% G+C, which was significantly smaller and more GC-rich than the genome of Pseudaletia unipuncta granulovirus H (PsunGV-H), another M. unipuncta betabaculovirus. A phylogeny based on concatenated baculovirus core gene amino acid sequence alignments placed MyunGV#8 in clade a of genus Betabaculovirus. Kimura-2-parameter nucleotide distances suggested that MyunGV#8 represents a virus species different and distinct from other species of Betabaculovirus. Among the 153 ORFs annotated in the MyunGV#8 genome, four ORFs appeared to have been obtained from or donated to the alphabaculovirus lineage represented by Leucania separata nucleopolyhedrovirus AH1 (LeseNPV-AH1) during co-infection of Mythimna sp. larvae. A set of 33 ORFs was identified that appears only in other clade a betabaculovirus isolates. This clade a-specific set includes an ORF that encodes a polypeptide sequence containing a CIDE_N domain, which is found in caspase-activated DNAse/DNA fragmentation factor (CAD/DFF) proteins. CAD/DFF proteins are involved in digesting DNA during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel L. Rowley
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David A. Theilmann
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada
| | - George F. Rohrmann
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Martin A. Erlandson
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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28
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Hernandes FA, Skvarla MJ, Fisher JR, Dowling APG, Ochoa R, Ueckermann EA, Bauchan GR. Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world. Zootaxa 2016; 4152:1-83. [PMID: 27615820 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4152.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Bdellidae (Trombidiformes: Prostigmata) are moderate to large sized predatory mites that inhabit soil, leaves, leaf litter, and intertidal rocks. They are readily recognized by an elongated, snout-like gnathosoma and by elbowed pedipalps bearing two (one in Monotrichobdella Baker & Balock) long terminal setae. Despite being among the first mites ever described, with species described by Carl Linnaeus, the knowledge about bdellids has never been compiled into a taxonomic catalogue. Here we present a catalogue listing 278 valid species; for each species we include distribution information, taxonomic literature, and type depository institutions. The genus Rigibdella Tseng, 1978 is considered a junior synonym of Cyta von Heyden, 1826, and Bdellodes Oudemans, 1937 is considered a junior synonym of Odontoscirus Tohr, 1913. Illustrated keys to subfamilies and genera are presented, as well as keys to species of each genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio A Hernandes
- Departamento de Zoologia, Avenida 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil;
| | - Michael J Skvarla
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, 319 AGRI Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA; unknown
| | - J Ray Fisher
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, 319 AGRI Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA; unknown
| | - Ashley P G Dowling
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, 319 AGRI Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA; unknown
| | - Ronald Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA; unknown
| | - Edward A Ueckermann
- School of Biological Sciences / Zoology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus 2520, Potchefstroom, South Africa; unknown
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA; unknown
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29
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Liu NT, Bauchan GR, Francoeur CB, Shelton DR, Lo YM, Nou X. Ralstonia insidiosa serves as bridges in biofilm formation by foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Han JY, Chung J, Kim J, Seo EY, Kilcrease JP, Bauchan GR, Lim S, Hammond J, Lim HS. Comparison of helper component-protease RNA silencing suppression activity, subcellular localization, and aggregation of three Korean isolates of Turnip mosaic virus. Virus Genes 2016; 52:592-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Castro EB, Feres RJF, Ochoa R, Bauchan GR. A new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with ontogeny and a key to the known species. Zootaxa 2016; 4088:355-78. [PMID: 27394345 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Cerrado is the second largest Brazilian biome, and is considered to be a "hotspot" due the great concentration of endemic species and high rate of deforestation. Surveys of the mite fauna present in this biome have revealed a great number of new species. In this paper, we describe Tenuipalpus spinosaurus sp. nov. (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), a new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto, from adult females, deutonymphs, protonymphs, larvae and eggs, collected on Terminalia argentea (Combretaceae), from the Cerrado in Brazil. Females of this new species bear a prominent longitudinal crest on the opisthosoma. The ontogenetic changes in the idiosoma and leg chaetotaxy of all stages are presented. A key to the world species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizeu B Castro
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Reinaldo J F Feres
- Depto. de Zoologia e Botânica, UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 15054-000, CNPq-Brazil researcher.;
| | - Ronald Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville Agricultural Research Centre (BARC), Maryland, 20705, USA.;
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit (ECMU), ARS-USDA, BARC, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA.;
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33
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Bolton SJ, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R, Klompen H. A novel fluid-feeding mechanism for microbivory in the Acariformes (Arachnida: Acari). Arthropod Struct Dev 2015; 44:313-325. [PMID: 25958124 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM) has revealed anatomical details suggesting that Osperalycus and Gordialycus (Acariformes: Nematalycidae) have an unusual feeding apparatus that is hypothesized to be specialized for feeding on the fluid contents of small microorganisms (diameter<5 μm). Both mite genera have a feeding strategy that appears to involve picking up small microorganisms and placing them onto the subcapitulum for puncturing. However, they have slightly different variants of the same basic rupturing mechanism. Whereas Gordialycus has evolved expansive and convergent rutella to hold the microorganisms in place while pushing chelicerae into them, Osperalycus has evolved a pouch into which a microorganism is inserted. The rutella reinforce this pouch while the chelicerae break up the microorganism. Both types of mouthpart apparatus seem to be adapted to minimize waste, an appropriate specialization given the organically impoverished habitats in which these mites live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Bolton
- Acarology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA, ARS, BARC-West, Bldg. 012, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Ronald Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, BARC-West, Bldg. 005, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Hans Klompen
- Acarology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH 43212, USA
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34
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Roy A, Hartung JS, Schneider WL, Shao J, Leon G, Melzer MJ, Beard JJ, Otero-Colina G, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R, Brlansky RH. Role Bending: Complex Relationships Between Viruses, Hosts, and Vectors Related to Citrus Leprosis, an Emerging Disease. Phytopathology 2015; 105:1013-1025. [PMID: 25775106 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-14-0375-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Citrus leprosis complex is an emerging disease in the Americas, associated with two unrelated taxa of viruses distributed in South, Central, and North America. The cytoplasmic viruses are Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C), Citrus leprosis virus C2 (CiLV-C2), and Hibiscus green spot virus 2, and the nuclear viruses are Citrus leprosis virus N (CiLV-N) and Citrus necrotic spot virus. These viruses cause local lesion infections in all known hosts, with no natural systemic host identified to date. All leprosis viruses were believed to be transmitted by one species of mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis. However, mites collected from CiLV-C and CiLV-N infected citrus groves in Mexico were identified as B. yothersi and B. californicus sensu lato, respectively, and only B. yothersi was detected from CiLV-C2 and CiLV-N mixed infections in the Orinoco regions of Colombia. Phylogenetic analysis of the helicase, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 domains and p24 gene amino acid sequences of cytoplasmic leprosis viruses showed a close relationship with recently deposited mosquito-borne negevirus sequences. Here, we present evidence that both cytoplasmic and nuclear viruses seem to replicate in viruliferous Brevipalpus species. The possible replication in the mite vector and the close relationship with mosquito borne negeviruses are consistent with the concept that members of the genus Cilevirus and Higrevirus originated in mites and citrus may play the role of mite virus vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Roy
- First and eleventh authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; first and third author: USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; fifth author: Centro de Investigación La Libertad, CORPOICA, Villavicencio, Colombia; sixth author: Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 205, Honolulu 96822; seventh author: Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; eighth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; ninth author: Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; and tenth author: Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
| | - John S Hartung
- First and eleventh authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; first and third author: USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; fifth author: Centro de Investigación La Libertad, CORPOICA, Villavicencio, Colombia; sixth author: Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 205, Honolulu 96822; seventh author: Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; eighth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; ninth author: Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; and tenth author: Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
| | - William L Schneider
- First and eleventh authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; first and third author: USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; fifth author: Centro de Investigación La Libertad, CORPOICA, Villavicencio, Colombia; sixth author: Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 205, Honolulu 96822; seventh author: Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; eighth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; ninth author: Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; and tenth author: Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
| | - Jonathan Shao
- First and eleventh authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; first and third author: USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; fifth author: Centro de Investigación La Libertad, CORPOICA, Villavicencio, Colombia; sixth author: Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 205, Honolulu 96822; seventh author: Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; eighth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; ninth author: Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; and tenth author: Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
| | - Guillermo Leon
- First and eleventh authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; first and third author: USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; fifth author: Centro de Investigación La Libertad, CORPOICA, Villavicencio, Colombia; sixth author: Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 205, Honolulu 96822; seventh author: Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; eighth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; ninth author: Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; and tenth author: Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
| | - Michael J Melzer
- First and eleventh authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; first and third author: USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; fifth author: Centro de Investigación La Libertad, CORPOICA, Villavicencio, Colombia; sixth author: Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 205, Honolulu 96822; seventh author: Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; eighth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; ninth author: Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; and tenth author: Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
| | - Jennifer J Beard
- First and eleventh authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; first and third author: USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; fifth author: Centro de Investigación La Libertad, CORPOICA, Villavicencio, Colombia; sixth author: Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 205, Honolulu 96822; seventh author: Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; eighth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; ninth author: Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; and tenth author: Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
| | - Gabriel Otero-Colina
- First and eleventh authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; first and third author: USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; fifth author: Centro de Investigación La Libertad, CORPOICA, Villavicencio, Colombia; sixth author: Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 205, Honolulu 96822; seventh author: Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; eighth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; ninth author: Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; and tenth author: Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- First and eleventh authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; first and third author: USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; fifth author: Centro de Investigación La Libertad, CORPOICA, Villavicencio, Colombia; sixth author: Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 205, Honolulu 96822; seventh author: Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; eighth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; ninth author: Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; and tenth author: Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
| | - Ronald Ochoa
- First and eleventh authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; first and third author: USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; fifth author: Centro de Investigación La Libertad, CORPOICA, Villavicencio, Colombia; sixth author: Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 205, Honolulu 96822; seventh author: Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; eighth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; ninth author: Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; and tenth author: Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
| | - Ronald H Brlansky
- First and eleventh authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; first and third author: USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; fifth author: Centro de Investigación La Libertad, CORPOICA, Villavicencio, Colombia; sixth author: Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 205, Honolulu 96822; seventh author: Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; eighth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; ninth author: Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; and tenth author: Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD
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Schwarz RS, Bauchan GR, Murphy CA, Ravoet J, de Graaf DC, Evans JD. Characterization of Two Species of Trypanosomatidae from the Honey Bee Apis mellifera: Crithidia mellificae Langridge and McGhee, and Lotmaria passim n. gen., n. sp. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2015; 62:567-83. [PMID: 25712037 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosomatids are increasingly recognized as prevalent in European honey bees (Apis mellifera) and by default are attributed to one recognized species, Crithidia mellificae Langridge and McGhee, 1967. We provide reference genetic and ultrastructural data for type isolates of C. mellificae (ATCC 30254 and 30862) in comparison with two recent isolates from A. mellifera (BRL and SF). Phylogenetics unambiguously identify strains BRL/SF as a novel taxonomic unit distinct from C. mellificae strains 30254/30862 and assign all four strains as lineages of a novel clade within the subfamily Leishmaniinae. In vivo analyses show strains BRL/SF preferably colonize the hindgut, lining the lumen as adherent spheroids in a manner identical to previous descriptions from C. mellificae. Microscopy images show motile forms of C. mellificae are distinct from strains BRL/SF. We propose the binomial Lotmaria passim n. gen., n. sp. for this previously undescribed taxon. Analyses of new and previously accessioned genetic data show C. mellificae is still extant in bee populations, however, L. passim n. gen., n. sp. is currently the predominant trypanosomatid in A. mellifera globally. Our findings require that previous reports of C. mellificae be reconsidered and that subsequent trypanosomatid species designations from Hymenoptera provide genetic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Schwarz
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center - East, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bldg 306, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center - West, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bldg 012, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Charles A Murphy
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center - West, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bldg 012, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Jorgen Ravoet
- Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk C de Graaf
- Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jay D Evans
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center - East, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bldg 306, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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36
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Bolton SJ, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R, Pooley C, Klompen H. The role of the integument with respect to different modes of locomotion in the Nematalycidae (Endeostigmata). Exp Appl Acarol 2015; 65:149-161. [PMID: 25355075 PMCID: PMC4274376 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-014-9857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous research on the locomotion of the Nematalycidae has only been undertaken on Gordialycus, which is by far the most elongated genus of the family. Gordialycus is dependent on an unusual form of peristalsis to move around. It was not known whether the genera of Nematalycidae with shorter bodies also used this mode of locomotion. Our videographic recordings of Osperalycus did not reveal peristalsis. Instead, this mite appears to move around the mineral regolith via the expansion and constriction of the metapodosomal and genital region, allowing greater versatility in the way that the annular regions contract and extend. This type of locomotion would enable relatively short bodied nematalycids to anchor themselves into secure positions before extending their anterior regions through tight spaces. Low-temperature scanning electron micrographs show that the short bodied genera have integumental features that appear to be associated with this mode of locomotion. Peristalsis is almost certainly a more derived form of locomotion that is an adaptation to the unusually long body form of Gordialycus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Bolton
- Acarology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH, 43212, USA,
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Liu NT, Nou X, Bauchan GR, Murphy C, Lefcourt AM, Shelton DR, Lo YM. Effects of environmental parameters on the dual-species biofilms formed by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Ralstonia insidiosa, a strong biofilm producer isolated from a fresh-cut produce processing plant. J Food Prot 2015; 78:121-7. [PMID: 25581186 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-forming bacteria resident to food processing facilities are a food safety concern due to the potential of biofilms to harbor foodborne bacterial pathogens. When cultured together, Ralstonia insidiosa, a strong biofilm former frequently isolated from produce processing environments, has been shown to promote the incorporation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into dual-species biofilms. In this study, interactions between E. coli O157:H7 and R. insidiosa were examined under different incubating conditions. Under static culture conditions, the incorporation of E. coli O157:H7 into biofilms with R. insidiosa was not significantly affected by either low incubating temperature (10°C) or by limited nutrient availability. Greater enhancement of E. coli O157:H7 incorporation in dual-species biofilms was observed by using a continuous culture system with limited nutrient availability. Under the continuous culture conditions used in this study, E coli O157:H7 cells showed a strong tendency of colocalizing with R. insidiosa on a glass surface at the early stage of biofilm formation. As the biofilms matured, E coli O157:H7 cells were mostly found at the bottom layer of the dual-species biofilms, suggesting an effective protection by R. insidiosa in the mature biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy T Liu
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Xiangwu Nou
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Charles Murphy
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Alan M Lefcourt
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Daniel R Shelton
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Y Martin Lo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
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Bonde MR, Murphy CA, Bauchan GR, Luster DG, Palmer CL, Nester SE, Revell JM, Berner DK. Evidence for Systemic Infection by Puccinia horiana, Causal Agent of Chrysanthemum White Rust, in Chrysanthemum. Phytopathology 2015; 105:91-98. [PMID: 25121642 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-13-0266-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Puccinia horiana, causal agent of the disease commonly known as chrysanthemum white rust (CWR), is a quarantine-significant fungal pathogen of chrysanthemum in the United States and indigenous to Asia. The pathogen was believed to have been eradicated in the United States but recently reappeared on several occasions in northeastern United States. The objective of the study presented here was to determine whether P. horiana could systemically infect chrysanthemum plants, thus providing a means of survival through winters. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed the development of P. horiana on the surface and within leaves, stems, or crowns of inoculated chrysanthemum plants artificially exposed to northeastern U.S. winter temperatures. P. horiana penetrated leaves directly through the cuticle and then colonized the mesophyll tissue both inter- and intracellularly. An electron-dense material formed at the interface between fungal and host mesophyll cells, suggesting that the pathogen adhered to the plant cells. P. horiana appeared to penetrate mesophyll cell walls by enzymatic digestion, as indicated by the absence of deformation lines in host cell walls at penetration sites. The fungus was common in vascular tissue within the infected crown, often nearly replacing the entire contents of tracheid cell walls. P. horiana frequently passed from one tracheid cell to an adjacent tracheid cell by penetration either through pit pairs or nonpitted areas of the cell walls. Individual, presumed, fungal cells in mature tracheid cells of the crown and stems arising from infected crowns suggested that the pathogen might have been moving at least partially by means of the transpiration stream. The demonstration that chrysanthemum plants can be systemically infected by P. horiana suggests that additional disease control measures are required to effectively control CWR.
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Yang T, Peng H, Bauchan GR. Functional analysis of tomato calmodulin gene family during fruit development and ripening. Hortic Res 2014; 1:14057. [PMID: 26504554 PMCID: PMC4596335 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin is a ubiquitous calcium sensor to recognize the different developmental and/or stimulus-triggered calcium changes and regulate plant growth and development. However, the function of calmodulin remains elusive for fleshy fruit development. We performed expression studies of a family of six calmodulin genes (SlCaMs) in tomato fruit. All calmodulins showed a double peak expression pattern. The first flat peak appeared at 10-30 days after anthesis, but their expression rapidly declined at mature green and breaker. Then a sharp and even higher peak came at turning/pink stages. Among six calmodulins, SlCaM1 had the highest expression during fruit enlargement, whereas SlCaM2 was the major calmodulin during fruit ripening. However, SlCaMs showed different patterns in three ripening mutants rin, Nor and Nr. In particular, at the stages corresponding to mature green and breaker, the expression levels of SlCaMs in those mutants were significantly higher than wild-type. Furthermore, SlCaMs, especially SlCaM2 were upregulated by ethylene. Transiently overexpressing SlCaM2 in mature green fruit delayed ripening, while reducing SlCaM2 expression accelerated ripening. Our results suggest that SlCaMs play double roles to regulate fruit ripening. Prior to the ethylene burst, the ethylene-independent repression of SlCaMs might be critical for fruit to initiate the ripening process. After the ethylene burst, SlCaMs could participate in the ethylene coordinated rapid ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Yang
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Zhang B, Luo Y, Pearlstein AJ, Aplin J, Liu Y, Bauchan GR, Payne GF, Wang Q, Nou X, Millner PD. Fabrication of biomimetically patterned surfaces and their application to probing plant-bacteria interactions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:12467-12478. [PMID: 25007271 DOI: 10.1021/am502384q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a two-step replica molding method for rapid fabrication of biomimetically patterned plant surfaces (BPS) using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-BPS) and agarose (AGAR-BPS). Beyond providing multiple identical specimens that faithfully reproduce leaf surface microstructure, this approach also offers unique chemical, physical, and biological features. PDMS-BPS provide good structural durability for SEM examination, have surface wettability comparable to plant surfaces for coating development, and allow for real-time monitoring of biosynthesis through incorporation into microfluidic devices. AGAR-BPS are compatible with bacterial growth, recovery, and quantification, and enable investigation of the effects of surface topography on spatially varying survival and inactivation of Escherichia coli cells during biocide treatment. Further development and application of these biomimetically patterned surfaces to study (and possibly modify) other aspects of plant-bacteria interactions can provide insight into controlling pathogen contamination in a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boce Zhang
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Lab, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Kendra PE, Montgomery WS, Niogret J, Pruett GE, Mayfield AE, MacKenzie M, Deyrup MA, Bauchan GR, Ploetz RC, Epsky ND. North American Lauraceae: terpenoid emissions, relative attraction and boring preferences of redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e102086. [PMID: 25007073 PMCID: PMC4090202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasive redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is the primary vector of Raffaelea lauricola, a symbiotic fungus and the etiologic agent of laurel wilt. This lethal disease has caused severe mortality of redbay (Persea borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris) trees in the southeastern USA, threatens avocado (P. americana) production in Florida, and has potential to impact additional New World species. To date, all North American hosts of X. glabratus and suscepts of laurel wilt are members of the family Lauraceae. This comparative study combined field tests and laboratory bioassays to evaluate attraction and boring preferences of female X. glabratus using freshly-cut bolts from nine species of Lauraceae: avocado (one cultivar of each botanical race), redbay, swampbay, silkbay (Persea humilis), California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin), camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora), and lancewood (Nectandra coriacea). In addition, volatile collections and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were conducted to quantify terpenoid emissions from test bolts, and electroantennography (EAG) was performed to measure olfactory responses of X. glabratus to terpenoids identified by GC-MS. Significant differences were observed among treatments in both field and laboratory tests. Silkbay and camphor tree attracted the highest numbers of the beetle in the field, and lancewood and spicebush the lowest, whereas boring activity was greatest on silkbay, bay laurel, swampbay, and redbay, and lowest on lancewood, spicebush, and camphor tree. The Guatemalan cultivar of avocado was more attractive than those of the other races, but boring response among the three was equivalent. The results suggest that camphor tree may contain a chemical deterrent to boring, and that different cues are associated with host location and host acceptance. Emissions of α-cubebene, α-copaene, α-humulene, and calamenene were positively correlated with attraction, and EAG analyses confirmed chemoreception of terpenoids by antennal receptors of X. glabratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Kendra
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wayne S. Montgomery
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jerome Niogret
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Grechen E. Pruett
- Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida, United States of America
| | - Albert E. Mayfield
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martin MacKenzie
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Stanislaus National Forest, Sonora, California, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Deyrup
- Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area Research Center, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Randy C. Ploetz
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nancy D. Epsky
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Abstract
The Tenuipalpidae associated with the Casuarinaceae are reviewed, including one new genus, Palpipalpus gen. nov., twelve new species, and seven redescriptions. Two new generic records for Australia are established, Pentamerismus and Philippipalpus. The new species are: Chaudhripalpus costacola Beard and Seeman sp. nov., Crossipalpus gersoni Beard and Seeman sp. nov., Crossipalpus raveni Beard and Seeman sp. nov., Magdalenapalpus caperatus Beard and Seeman sp. nov., Magdalenapalpus forsteri Seeman and Beard sp. nov., Pentamerismus sititoris Beard and Seeman sp. nov., Pentamerismus hicklingorum Seeman and Beard sp. nov., Pentamerismus wardo Seeman and Beard sp. nov., Palpipalpus hesperius Beard and Seeman sp. nov. gen. nov., Philippipalpus flumaquercus Beard and Seeman sp. nov., Philippipalpus belah Beard and Seeman sp. nov., and Philippipalpus nigraquercus Seeman and Beard sp. nov. Meyeraepalpus delfinadae Smiley et al., is reinstated based on new material and an analysis of its phylogenetic relationships. Crossipalpus muellerianae Smiley et al., Crossipalpus verticillatae Smiley et al., and Tegopalpus conicus Womersley are redescribed and rediagnosed from the original type specimens and newly collected material; and Chaudhripalpus creelae (Smiley et al.), Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni (Smiley et al.) and Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros are redescribed and rediagnosed from type material only. All flat mite species were host-specific. Up to three species of flat mite were collected from a single she-oak species. Leg setation and ontogeny are reviewed for the taxa studied. A key to Tenuipalpidae from Casuarinaceae is provided. A phylogeny of the subfamily Tegopalpinae found the following relationships: Meyeraepalpus (Australopalpus, Crossipalpus, Palpipalpus (Magdalenapalpus (Philippipalpus (Chaudhripalpus + Tegopalpus)))). Our preliminary analysis of the Tegopalpinae suggested the group is monophyletic and its sister group is Phytoptipalpus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen D Seeman
- Queensland Museum, P.O. Box 3300, South Brisbane, 4101, Queensland, Australia; unknown
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, BARC, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA; unknown
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Youssef RM, MacDonald MH, Brewer EP, Bauchan GR, Kim KH, Matthews BF. Ectopic expression of AtPAD4 broadens resistance of soybean to soybean cyst and root-knot nematodes. BMC Plant Biol 2013; 13:67. [PMID: 23617694 PMCID: PMC3648381 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene encoding PAD4 (PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT4) is required in Arabidopsis for expression of several genes involved in the defense response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. AtPAD4 (Arabidopsis thaliana PAD4) encodes a lipase-like protein that plays a regulatory role mediating salicylic acid signaling. RESULTS We expressed the gene encoding AtPAD4 in soybean roots of composite plants to test the ability of AtPAD4 to deter plant parasitic nematode development. The transformed roots were challenged with two different plant parasitic nematode genera represented by soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) and root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne incognita). Expression of AtPAD4 in soybean roots decreased the number of mature SCN females 35 days after inoculation by 68 percent. Similarly, soybean roots expressing AtPAD4 exhibited 77 percent fewer galls when challenged with RKN. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments show that AtPAD4 can be used in an economically important crop, soybean, to provide a measure of resistance to two different genera of nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Youssef
- USDA-ARS, Soybean Genomic and Improvement Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 006, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Margaret H MacDonald
- USDA-ARS, Soybean Genomic and Improvement Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 006, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Eric P Brewer
- USDA-ARS, Soybean Genomic and Improvement Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 006, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- USDA-ARS, Soybean Genomic and Improvement Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 006, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- Cell and Genetics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-100, South Korea
| | - Benjamin F Matthews
- USDA-ARS, Soybean Genomic and Improvement Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 006, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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Beard JJ, Ochoa R, Childers CC, Bauchan GR, Shepard M. Travelling with tea: a Tuckerella's tale. Exp Appl Acarol 2013; 59:177-202. [PMID: 23266716 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuckerella japonica Ehara appears strongly associated with tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Theaceae) and, due to certain cultural practices in tea production, has in fact become a world traveller, accompanying the greatly coveted tea plant as it spread across the planet. The history of tea production and culture, and its arrival in the USA, provides the backdrop for this traveller's tale. Tuckerella japonica is morphologically similar to T. flabellifera Miller, described from Tasmania in Australia from Bedfordia salicina (Labill.) D.G. (Asteraceae). These two species have historically been misidentified as each other, creating inaccuracies in the collection records. The implications of this in terms of host plant lists and world distribution are discussed further, along with their morphological separation. The male and immature stages of T. japonica are described for the first time. Tuckerella xinglongensis Lin and Fu, from tea in China, is considered a junior synonym of T. japonica. The loss of the ancestral prostigmatan condition of three nymphal stages during ontogeny is confirmed for males of T. flabellifera, which do not retain a tritonymphal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Beard
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Jang C, Seo EY, Nam J, Bae H, Gim YG, Kim HG, Cho IS, Lee ZW, Bauchan GR, Hammond J, Lim HS. Insights into Alternanthera mosaic virus TGB3 Functions: Interactions with Nicotiana benthamiana PsbO Correlate with Chloroplast Vesiculation and Veinal Necrosis Caused by TGB3 Over-Expression. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:5. [PMID: 23386854 PMCID: PMC3560364 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) triple gene block 3 (TGB3) protein is involved in viral movement. AltMV TGB3 subcellular localization was previously shown to be distinct from that of Potato virus X (PVX) TGB3, and a chloroplast binding domain identified; veinal necrosis and chloroplast vesiculation were observed in Nicotiana benthamiana when AltMV TGB3 was over-expressed from PVX. Plants with over-expressed TGB3 showed more lethal damage under dark conditions than under light. Yeast-two-hybrid analysis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) reveal that Arabidopsis thaliana PsbO1 has strong interactions with TGB3; N. benthamiana PsbO (NbPsbO) also showed obvious interaction signals with TGB3 through BiFC. These results demonstrate an important role for TGB3 in virus cell-to-cell movement and virus-host plant interactions. The Photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex protein PsbO interaction with TGB3 is presumed to have a crucial role in symptom development and lethal damage under dark conditions. In order to further examine interactions between AtPsbO1, NbPsbO, and TGB3, and to identify the binding domain(s) in TGB3 protein, BiFC assays were performed between AtPsbO1 or NbPsbO and various mutants of TGB3. Interactions with C-terminally deleted TGB3 were significantly weaker than those with wild-type TGB3, and both N-terminally deleted TGB3 and a TGB3 mutant previously shown to lose chloroplast interactions failed to interact detectably with PsbO in BiFC. To gain additional information about TGB3 interactions in AltMV-susceptible plants, we cloned 12 natural AltMV TGB3 sequence variants into a PVX expression vector to examine differences in symptom development in N. benthamiana. Symptom differences were observed on PVX over-expression, with all AltMV TGB3 variants showing more severe symptoms than the WT PVX control, but without obvious correlation to sequence differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyong Jang
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Jiryun Nam
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yeong Guk Gim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Hong Gi Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon, South Korea
| | - In Sook Cho
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development AdministrationSuwon, South Korea
| | - Zee-Won Lee
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureBeltsville, MD, USA
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, US National Arboretum, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureBeltsville, MD, USA
- *Correspondence: John Hammond, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, US National Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, B-010A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. e-mail: ; Hyoun-Sub Lim, Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, 79 Daehangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea. e-mail:
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: John Hammond, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, US National Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, B-010A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. e-mail: ; Hyoun-Sub Lim, Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, 79 Daehangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea. e-mail:
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Beard JJ, Ochoa R, Bauchan GR, Welbourn WC, Pooley C, Dowling APG. External mouthpart morphology in the Tenuipalpidae (Tetranychoidea): Raoiella a case study. Exp Appl Acarol 2012; 57:227-55. [PMID: 22415242 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) to study external mouthpart morphology in the Tenuipalpidae, in particular the genus Raoiella, has brought some aspects of the mechanics of feeding in this group into question. In addition, an LTSEM study on the specialized feeding behaviour of Raoiella indica Hirst (Tetranychoidea: Tenuipalpidae) revealed host plant use in this species could be affected by stomatal complex morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Beard
- Queensland Museum, P.O. Box 3300, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.
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Vaira AM, Lim HS, Bauchan GR, Owens RA, Natilla A, Dienelt MM, Reinsel MD, Hammond J. Lolium latent virus (Alphaflexiviridae) coat proteins: expression and functions in infected plant tissue. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:1814-1824. [PMID: 22573739 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.042960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Lolium latent virus (LoLV; genus Lolavirus, family Alphaflexiviridae) is encapsidated by two carboxy-coterminal coat protein (CP) variants (about 28 and 33 kDa), in equimolar proportions. The CP ORF contains two 5'-proximal AUGs encoding Met 1 and Met 49, respectively promoting translation of the 33 and 28 kDa CP variants. The 33 kDa CP N-terminal domain includes a 42 aa sequence encoding a putative chloroplast transit peptide, leading to protein cleavage and alternative derivation of the approximately 28 kDa CP. Mutational analysis of the two in-frame start codons and of the putative proteolytic-cleavage site showed that the N-terminal sequence is crucial for efficient cell-to-cell movement, functional systemic movement, homologous CP interactions and particle formation, but is not required for virus replication. Blocking production of the 28 kDa CP by internal initiation shows no major outcome, whereas additional mutation to prevent proteolytic cleavage at the chloroplast membrane has a dramatic effect on virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Vaira
- USDA-ARS, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, USA
- Istituto di Virologia Vegetale CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- USDA-ARS, PSI, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Owens
- USDA-ARS, PSI, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Angela Natilla
- USDA-ARS, PSI, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Margaret M Dienelt
- USDA-ARS, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Michael D Reinsel
- USDA-ARS, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - John Hammond
- USDA-ARS, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Fisher JR, Skvarla MJ, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R, Dowling APG. Trachymolgus purpureus sp. n., an armored snout mite (Acari, Bdellidae) from the Ozark highlands: morphology, development, and key to Trachymolgus Berlese. Zookeys 2011:1-34. [PMID: 21998535 PMCID: PMC3185366 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.125.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trachymolgus purpureus Fisher & Dowling sp. n. is described from the Ozark highlands of North America. A diversity of imaging techniques are used to illustrate the species including low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM), stereomicrography, compound light micrography, and digitally created line drawings. Developmental stages (larva, nymphs, and adult) and morphology are illustrated and discussed, and terminological corrections are suggested. Trachymolgus recki Gomelauri, 1961 is regarded as being described from tritonymphs. A key to Trachymolgus is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ray Fisher
- Department of Entomology, 319 Agriculture Bldg., Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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Li G, Lillehoj HS, Lee KW, Lee SH, Park MS, Jang SI, Bauchan GR, Gay CG, Ritter GD, Bautista DA, Siragusa GR. Immunopathology and cytokine responses in commercial broiler chickens with gangrenous dermatitis. Avian Pathol 2010; 39:255-64. [PMID: 20706881 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2010.495382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gangrenous dermatitis (GD) is an emerging disease of increasing economic importance in poultry resulting from infection by Clostridium septicum and Clostridium perfringens type A. Lack of a reproducible disease model has been a major obstacle in understanding the immunopathology of GD. To gain better understanding of host-pathogen interactions in GD infection, we evaluated various immune parameters in two groups of birds from a recent commercial outbreak of GD, the first showing typical disease signs and pathological lesions (GD-like birds) and the second lacking clinical signs (GD-free birds). Our results revealed that GD-like birds showed: reduced T-cell and B-cell mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferation; higher levels of serum nitric oxide and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein; greater numbers of K55(+), K1(+), CD8(+), and MHC class II(+) intradermal lymphocytes, and increased K55(+), K1(+), CD8(+), TCR1(+), TCR2(+), Bu1(+), and MHC class II(+) intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes; and increased levels of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in skin compared with GD-free chickens. These results provide the first evidence of altered systemic and local (skin and intestine) immune responses in GD pathogenesis in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Li
- Animal and Natural Resources Institute, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA
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