Deconvolution at the single-cell level reveals ovarian cell-type-specific transcriptomic changes in PCOS

BACKGROUND

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrine disorders in females of childbearing age. Various types of ovarian cells work together to maintain normal reproductive function, whose discordance often takes part in the development and progression of PCOS. Understanding the cellular heterogeneity and compositions of ovarian cells would provide insight into PCOS pathogenesis, but are, however, not well understood. Transcriptomic characterization of cells isolated from PCOS cases have been assessed using bulk RNA-seq but cells isolated contain a mixture of many ovarian cell types.

METHODS

Here we utilized the reference scRNA-seq data from human adult ovaries to deconvolute and estimate cell proportions and dysfunction of ovarian cells in PCOS, by integrating various granulosa cells(GCs) transcriptomic data.

RESULTS

We successfully defined 22 distinct cell clusters of human ovarian cells. Then after transcriptome integration, we obtained a gene expression matrix with 13,904 genes within 30 samples (15 control vs. 15 PCOS). Subsequent deconvolution analysis revealed decreased proportion of small antral GCs and increased proportion of KRT8high mural GCs, HTRA1high cumulus cells in PCOS, especially increased differentiation from small antral GCs to KRT8high mural GCs. For theca cells, the abundance of internal theca cells (TCs) and external TCs was both increased. Less TCF21high stroma cells (SCs) and more STARhigh SCs were observed. The proportions of NK cells and monocytes were decreased, and T cells occupied more in PCOS and communicated stronger with inTCs and exTCs. In the end, we predicted the candidate drugs which could be used to correct the proportion of ovarian cells in patients with PCOS.

CONCLUSIONS

Taken together, this study provides insights into the molecular alterations and cellular compositions in PCOS ovarian tissue. The findings might contribute to our understanding of PCOS pathophysiology and offer resource for PCOS basic research.

Choline induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting the production of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in spontaneously hypertensive rats

To investigate the exact effects of dietary choline on hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and explore the potential mechanisms, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomly divided into five groups as follows: WKY group, WKY + Choline group, SHR group, SHR + Choline group, and SHR + Choline + NaHS group. In choline treatment groups, rats were fed with 1.3% (w/v) choline in the drinking water for 3 months. The rats in the SHR + Choline + NaHS group were intraperitoneally injected with NaHS (100 micromol/kg/day, a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor) for 3 months. After 3 months, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (LVFS), the indicators of cardiac function measured by echocardiography, were increased significantly in SHR as compared to WKY, although there was no significant difference in collagen volumes and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio between the two groups, indicating the early stage of cardiac hypertrophy. There was a significant decrease in LVEF and LVFS and an increase in collagen volumes and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in SHR fed with choline, meanwhile, plasma H2S levels were significantly decreased significantly in SHR fed with choline accompanying by the decrease of cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) activity. Three months of NaHS significantly increased plasma H2S levels, ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and inhibited cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis in SHR fed with choline. In conclusion, choline aggravated cardiac dysfunction in HHD through inhibiting the production of endogenous H2S, which was reversed by supplementation of exogenous H2S donor.

HER2-low expression in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors

BACKGROUND

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low is a newly defined category with HER2 1+ or 2+ expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and lack of HER2 gene amplification measured by in situ hybridization (ISH). Much remains unknown about the HER2-low status across tumor types and changes in HER2 status between primary and metastatic samples.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

HER2 expression by IHC was evaluated in 4701 patients with solid tumors. We have evaluated the HER2 expression by IHC and amplification by ISH in paired breast and gastric/gastroesophageal (GEJ) primary and metastatic samples. HER2 expression was correlated with ERBB2 genomic alterations evaluated by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in non-breast, non-gastric/GEJ samples.

RESULTS

HER2 expression (HER2 IHC 1-3+) was found in half (49.8%) of the cancers, with HER2-low (1 or 2+) found in many tumor types: 47.1% in breast, 34.6% in gastric/GEJ, 50.0% in salivary gland, 46.9% in lung, 46.5% in endometrial, 46% in urothelial, and 45.5% of gallbladder cancers. The concordance evaluation of HER2 expression between primary and metastatic breast cancer samples showed that HER2 3+ remained unchanged in 87.1% with a strong agreement between primary and metastatic samples, with a weighted kappa (Κ) of 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.79-0.91). ERBB2 alterations were identified in 117 (7.5%) patients with non-breast, non-gastric/GEJ solid tumors who had NGS testing. Of 1436 patients without ERBB2 alterations, 512 (35.7%) showed any level HER2 expression by IHC.

CONCLUSION

Our results show that HER2-low expression is frequently found across tumor types. These findings suggest that many patients with HER2-low solid tumors might benefit from HER2-targeted therapies.

Association between serum AMH levels and IVF/ICSI outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

CONTEXT

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels are increased in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and are associated with PCOS severity.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the associations between serum AMH levels and in vitro fertilization (IVF)/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes in patients with PCOS.

DATA SOURCES

PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched on 11 July 2022.

STUDY SELECTION

Studies reporting the association between serum AMH levels and IVF/ICSI outcomes in PCOS patients were considered for inclusion. The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy, live birth, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

DATA EXTRACTION

Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction form. Study quality was assessed independently by two groups of researchers.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Nineteen studies were included in this review. Meta-analyses demonstrated that PCOS patients with a serum AMH level within the 75-100th percentile had a decreased odds of clinical pregnancy (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63-0.93) and livebirth (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.58-0.87) compared to those within the 0-25th percentile. An increased AMH level was also correlated with an increased number of oocytes retrieved (SMD: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.30-1.51) and a lower odds of fertilization (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.98). There was no significant difference in the number of MII oocytes (SMD: 1.85, 95% CI: -1.07-4.78), E2 on the day of hCG (SMD: 0.12; 95% CI: -0.98-1.23), or implantation (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.28-2.39) between the two groups. In addition, we found significant dose-response associations between serum AMH level and clinical pregnancy, live birth, number of oocytes retrieved, and fertilization in PCOS patients.

CONCLUSION

AMH may have clinical utility in counseling regarding IVF/ICSI outcomes among women with PCOS who wish to undergo fertility treatment. More large-scale, high-quality cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy plus Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) Blockade for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Preliminary Results of a Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase II Trial

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

This study aims to assess the anti-tumor activity and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus PD-1 blockade in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.

MATERIALS/METHODS

This is a single-arm, open-label, prospective phase II study. The key inclusion criteria were treatment-naive patients aged 18-75 years with stage II A2-IVA (FIGO 2018) locally advanced cervical cancer. All patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy including 2 cycle cisplatin (75mg/m2, for three days, every 3 weeks[Q3W]), nedaplatin or carboplatin can be selected for patients who can't tolerate cisplatin. After CCRT, patients achieving complete response (CR), partial responses(PR), stable disease(SD) received adjuvant chemotherapy (docetaxel 75 mg/m2 day 1+ cisplatin DDP 25 mg/m2 day 1-3, Q3W) for 2 cycle. PD-1 blockade Sintilimab and Tislelizumab was administered intravenously at 200 mg every 3 weeks up to 1 year or until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by investigators per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (RECIST) version 1.1. Secondary endpoints were the 12, 24-month overall survival (OS) rates, the 12, 24-month disease free survival (DFS) rates and safety.

RESULTS

From February 2020 to June 2022, a total of 15 patients was enrolled. Median age was 57 years (range, 36-74 years). Stage IIA1 was documented in 2 patients, stage IIA2 in two patients, stage IIIA in one patient, stage IIIC1 in eight patients, and stage IVA in two patients. And 66.7% (10/15) of patients had Metastatic lymph node. Four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The ORR was 100%, with 4 patients achieving CR and 11 PR. The 12 and 24-month OS rates are 93.3% and 84%, the 12 and 24-month DFS rates are 86% and 75.4%, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 86.7% (13/15) of patients. Grade 3 TRAEs are leukocyte (n = 1), thrombocytopenia (n = 1), hepatitis (n = 1), skin reaction (n = 1). No treatment-related deaths occurred. And IFN-γ was significantly elevated after radiotherapy (p = 0.0073).

CONCLUSION

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus PD-1 blockade showed promising antitumor activity and manageable toxicities in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Long-term outcomes are still pending to further evaluate their therapeutic effects. (ChiCTR2000032856).

Chemoradiotherapy Combined with Nab-Paclitaxel plus Cisplatin in Patients with Locally Advanced Borderline Resectable or Unresectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Phase I/II Study

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) plus cisplatin as the regimen of conversional chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) in locally advanced borderline resectable or unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

MATERIALS/METHODS

Patients with locally advanced ESCC (cT3-4, Nany, M0-1, M1 was limited to lymph node metastasis in the supraclavicular area) were enrolled. All the patients received the cCRT of nab-PTX plus cisplatin. After the cCRT, those resectable patients received esophagectomy; those unresectable patients continued to receive the definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). The locoregional control (LRC), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), pathological complete response (pCR), R0 resection rate and adverse events (AEs) were calculated.

RESULTS

A total of 45 patients with ESCC treated from October 2019 to May 2021 were finally included. The median follow-up time was 30.3 months. The LRC, OS, EFS, DMFS at 1and 2 years were 81.5%, 86.6%, 64.3%, 73.2% and 72.4%, 68.8%, 44.8%, 52.7% respectively. 21 patients (46.7%) received conversional chemoradiotherapy plus surgery (cCRT+S). The pCR rate and R0 resection rate were 47.6% and 84.0%. The LRC rate at 1 and 2 years were 95.0%, 87.1% in cCRT+S patients and 69.3%, 58.7% in dCRT patients respectively (HR, 5.14; 95% CI, 1.10-23.94; P = 0.021). The OS rate at 1 and 2 years were 95.2% and 84.2% in resectable patients compared to 78.8% and 54.4% in unresectable patients (HR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.10-10.61; P = 0.024). The toxicities during chemoradiotherapy were tolerated, the most common grade 3-4 toxicities were radiation esophagitis (15.6%).

CONCLUSION

Nab-PTX plus cisplatin were effective and safe as the regimen of conversional chemoradiotherapy of ESCC. The patients receiving conversional chemoradiotherapy plus surgery (cCRT+S) were prone to have a better survival.

[Expression and clinical significance of plasma methylated SEPT 9 gene in patients with primary liver cancer]

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of plasma methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) gene in patients with primary liver cancer. Methods: 393 cases who visited our hospital from May 2016 to October 2018 were selected. Among them, 75 cases were in the primary liver cancer (PLC) group, 50 cases were in the liver cirrhosis (LC) group, and 268 cases were in the healthy control group (HC). The three groups' positive rates of mSEPT9 expression in the peripheral plasma were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fluorescent probe method. The correlational clinical features of liver cancer were analyzed. At the same time, the electrochemiluminescence detection method was used to compare the AFP positive rate. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square tests or continuity-corrected chi-square tests. Results: 367 cases actually had valid samples. There were 64, 42, and 64 cases in the liver cancer group, cirrhosis group, and healthy control group, respectively. Among them, 34 cases of liver cancer were verified from pathological tissues. The positive rate of plasma mSEPT9 was significantly higher in the liver cancer group than that in the liver cirrhosis and healthy control groups [76.6% (49/64), 35.7% (15/42), and 3.8% (10/261), respectively], and the differences were statistically significant (χ (2) = 176.017, P < 0.001). The sensitivity of plasma mSEPT9 detection (76.6%) was significantly better in liver cancer (76.6%) than that of AFP patients (54.7%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ (2) = 6.788, P < 0.01). Compared with the single detection, the sensitivity and specificity of plasma mSEPT9 combined with AFP were significantly improved (89.7% vs. 96.3%, respectively). Patients with liver cancer aged≥50 years, with clinical stage II or above, and those with pathological signs of moderate to low differentiation had higher levels of plasma mSEPT9 positive expression, and the differences were statistically significant (χ (2) = 6.41, 9.279, 6.332, P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, the survival time of liver cancer patients with positive plasma mSEPT9 expression was significantly shorter than that of those with negative expression (310 ± 26 days vs. 487 ± 59 days, respectively), with statistically significant differences (Log Rank P = 0.039). Conclusion: In China, the positive rate of plasma mSEPT9 detection in liver cancer patients is higher than that of AFP in relation to age, clinical stage, and degree of tissue differentiation; additionally, it has certain survival predictive values. As a result, detecting this gene has important clinical significance and potential clinical application value in the non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis assessment of patients with primary liver cancer.

[Analysis of clinical features and treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum]

Objective: To explore the clinical features and treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From January 2012 to July 2021, 25 patients with PG who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Beijing Fucheng Hospital, including 16 males and 9 females, with the age of onset of disease being 14 to 75 years. Among them, the classification of PG identified 17 cases of ulcerative type, 6 cases of pustular type, 1 case of proliferative type, and 1 case of bullous type. Six patients were accompanied with systemic diseases, while 19 patients were not accompanied with systemic diseases. At the same time of systemic treatment with glucocorticoids, dressing changes or surgical skin grafting was performed on the wounds. The results of laboratory and histopathological examinations, the overall curative effects and follow-up of patients, the wound healing time of patients with negative and positive microbial culture results of wound secretion specimens, and the curative effects of patients with and without systemic diseases were analyzed. Results: The results of blood routine examination of 19 patients were abnormal, and all the immunological indexes were normal in all the patients; the microbial culture results of wound secretion specimens were positive in 14 patients; and the histopathological examination results of ulcer boundary tissue in 15 patients with rapid wound progress were mainly local tissue inflammatory changes. The wounds were cured in 17 patients, mostly healed in 7 patients, and not healed in 1 patient. After one-year's follow-up, the PG in 3 patients relapsed due to self-discontinuation of medication after discharge, and the wounds were healed gradually after adjustment of medication, while the remaining patients had no relapse. The days of wound healing in 14 patients with positive microbial culture results of wound secretion specimens were 21-55 days, and the days of wound healing in 11 patients with negative microbial culture results in wound secretion specimens were 20-54 days. In the 6 patients with systemic diseases, the wounds of 3 patients were cured, and the wounds of the other 3 patients were mostly healed. In the 19 patients without systemic diseases, the wounds of 14 patients were cured, the wounds of 4 patients were mostly healed, and the wound of 1 patient was not healed. Conclusions: The laboratory examination and pathological manifestations of patients with PG lacks characteristics, and their clinical manifestations are rich and diverse, thus PG can be easily misdiagnosed. The glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressive therapy have good effects on PG. Surgical intervention can be performed on the wounds. Specifically, excessive debridement is not recommended in the acute phase, but skin grafting can be performed in the contraction phase.

Polydatin alleviates osteoporosis by enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts

OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is a severe degenerative chronic metabolic bone disease associated with high fracture risk. Polydatin (PD), a major bioactive component of Polygonum cuspidatum, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the anti-osteoporotic activity of PD in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanisms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An osteoporosis mouse model was established using OVX mice. OVX mice were then administered 10 or 40 mg/kg of PD for 60 days. Micro-CT and three-point bending tests were used to determine the therapeutic activities of PD in OVX mice. H&E staining was used to determine whether PD induced hepatorenal toxicity. In addition, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the functionality of PD were elucidated. RESULTS: Micro-CT results showed that compared to control mice, the bone mass of OVX mice was significantly reduced due to estrogen deficiency; however, PD administration significantly elevated bone mass. Furthermore, PD substantially improved the trabecular microstructure parameters of the femur and enhanced bone strength compared with OVX mice. Hepatorenal toxicity was not observed in liver and kidney samples stained with H&E. PD significantly increased the proliferation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and upregulated the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers compared to those in controls, as determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting. CONCLUSIONS: PD exerted a significant anti-osteoporotic effect in OVX mice by promoting osteogenesis. PD has great potential as a therapeutic option for osteoporosis.

[Analysis on migration of HIV/AIDS cases and related factors in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province, 2020]

Objective: To analyze the migration of the HIV/AIDS cases and related factors in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture (Liangshan). Methods: According to HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, a total of 28 772 HIV/AIDS cases who had follow-up records in Liangshan in 2020 were included in the survey. The migration of the HIV/AIDS cases was described and the related factors were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models, and the migration destinations of the HIV/AIDS cases were mapped. Results: Among the 28 772 HIV/AIDS cases, 20.89% (6 010/28 772) had migration in 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that among the HIV/AIDS cases, the migration related factors included being aged 15-24 years (compared with being aged 0-14 years, OR=2.74, 95%CI:2.04-3.69) and ethnic group (compared with Han ethnic group, OR=2.44, 95%CI:2.19-2.72), having education level of junior high school (compared with having education level of primary school or below, OR=1.25, 95%CI:1.14-1.38), being unmarried (compared with being married, OR=1.29, 95%CI:1.20-1.39), being engaged in business services (compared with being engaged in farming, OR=1.96, 95%CI:1.31-2.92), receiving antiviral treatment <1 year (compared with receiving antiviral treatment >3 years, OR=1.42, 95%CI:1.26-1.61), having recent CD4⁺T lymphocytes (CD4) counts >500 cells/μl (compared with having recent CD4 counts <200 cells/μl, OR=1.15, 95%CI:1.03-1.29). The geographical distribution maps showed that among all cities in Sichuan, Xichang (13.26%, 797/6 010) and Chengdu (10.12%,608/6 010) were the main migration destinations of the HIV/AIDS cases, and the provinces outside Sichuan where the HIV/AIDS cases would like to migrate to were mainly Guangdong (18.19%, 1 093/6 010) and Zhejiang provinces (7.67%, 461/6 010) in 2020. The HIV/AIDS cases who migrated where Liangshan, within Sichuan province, and to other provinces accounted for 27.67% (1 663/6 010), 15.34% (922/6 010) and 56.99% (3 425/6 010), respectively. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to the mobility characteristics and the classification management of HIV/AIDS cases according to their characteristics in Liangshan. Timely access to information on changes in the place of work and residence of HIV/AIDS cases should be warranted when they have migration. Good referrals and management for mobility of HIV/AIDS cases in different places should be made to reduce loss to follow-up and improving interventions.

[Clinical effects of transplantation of turbocharged bipedicle deep inferior epigastric perforator flap in breast reconstruction]

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of transplantation of turbocharged bipedicle deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap in breast reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective observational study was used. From December 2008 to December 2016, 24 patients who met the inclusion criteria were treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital, all patients were female, aged 28-51 (36.5±1.6) years. All cases received turbocharged bipedicle DIEP flap for two-staged breast reconstruction. According to the patterns of turbocharged vessels anastomosis, the turbocharged bipedicle DIEP flaps with length of (27.5±0.3) cm and width of (12.8±1.4) cm, were divided into three types: distal end of pedicle anastomosis type, main branch of pedicle anastomosis type, and muscular branch of pedicle anastomosis type. After complete hemostasis in the donor region, the anterior sheath was repaired with intermittent suture, and umbilical reconstruction was completed. Two negative pressure drainage tubes were indwelled, and subcutaneous tissue and skin were sutured layer by layer. The specific ways of vascular anastomosis of the flap pedicle with the internal thoracic vessels of recipient site included anastomosing the proximal end of one artery and one vein, anastomosing the proximal and distal end of one artery and one vein, and anastomosing the proximal end of one artery and two veins. Postoperatively, the survival and blood supply of flaps were observed. The patients were followed up to observe the reconstructed breast shape satisfaction, donor site complications, abdominal wall function, and scar hyperplasia. Results: All turbocharged bipedicle DIEP flaps for two-staged breast reconstruction survived well, with good blood supply. During follow-up for 14 to 56 (20±6) months, the shape of reconstructed breasts was satisfied. Only linear scar was left in the donor sites of abdomen with no complications, and the function of abdominal wall was not affected. Conclusions: For patients with clear indications, transplantation of free turbocharged bipedicle DIEP flap is a safe, reliable, and satisfactory choice for breast reconstruction with autologous tissue.

Bevacizumab versus placebo in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase II trial

BACKGROUND

The value of anti-angiogenesis antibody therapy in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (R/M NPC) remains unknown. We carried out a phase II study to evaluate the addition of bevacizumab to paclitaxel plus carboplatin in R/M NPC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 80 patients with previously untreated R/M NPC were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to CPB or CP groups to receive carboplatin (area under the curve 6) and paclitaxel (175 mg/m²) intravenously every 3 weeks for a maximum of six cycles in combination with or without bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg), respectively. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) as per investigators, and the secondary endpoints were PFS as per independent review committee (IRC), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02250599).

RESULTS

The median PFS as per investigators was 7.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.53-8.45 months] in the CPB group and 6.5 months (95% CI, 5.53-7.52 months) in the CP group (P = 0.148), which were similar to IRC-assessed PFS. The median OS was also alike between CPB and CP arms (21.0 versus 24.7 months; P = 0.326). ORRs were 87.2% and 72.5%, respectively (P = 0.105). However, the tumor-shrinking rate was higher in the CPB arm than in the CP arm (P = 0.035). No differences in grade 3 or higher adverse events between the groups were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Addition of bevacizumab to paclitaxel plus carboplatin as first-line treatment did not prolong PFS and OS in patients with R/M NPC but improved tumor-shrinking rate. These results indicated that bevacizumab plus chemotherapy might be an optional choice for NPC with heavy tumor load or those pursuing short-term efficacy in neoadjuvant and concurrent chemotherapy.

[Analysis of the factors influencing the elimination strategies with the current status of diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C in hospital]

Objective: To understand the current status of screening, diagnosis, and treatment and analyze the factors influencing micro-elimination strategy, so as to achieve hepatitis C elimination in hospital. Methods: Anti-HCV and HCV RNA test results of patients from October 2017 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Anti-HCV positive rates and factors influencing different genders, ages, places of residence and departments were analyzed. After comparing anti-HCV-positive patients with HCV RNA-positive patients with duplicate entries in "Name" and "Date of birth", the data were divided into three categories: anti-HCV positive without HCV RNA test, HCV RNA positive in single test, and HCV RNA positive many times in multiple tests. The above three types of patients were followed-up by telephone. According to the hospital follow-up results, current status of diagnosis and treatment and the factors influencing the micro-elimination strategy of hepatitis C were studied and analyzed. The comparison of data between groups were performed using χ(2) or χ(2) continuity-correction test. Results: Anti-HCV positive detection rate was 1.34% (899/66 866). The positive rate of male patients aged 40 and over residing in cities was significantly higher than female patients under 40 years old residing in rural areas, and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 55.178, 264.11, 36, 351, P < 0.05). There were 90 (10.02%) and 809 cases (89.98%) in outpatient and inpatient departments, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two (χ(2) = 0.002, P > 0.05). The total number of anti-HCV positive cases were 196 in Gastroenterology (22.0%), 75 in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (8.3%), 74 in Neurology (8.2%), 63 in Orthopedics (7.0%) and 55 in Endocrinology departments (6.1%), and the difference in the positive rate among different departments were also statistically significant (χ(2) = 271.585, P < 0.05). Among the 480 cases who were followed-up, 215 (44.79%) were lost to follow-up, 84 cases (39.07%) were unregistered, 77 cases (16.04%) were untreated, 15 cases (19.48%) were unaware of their state of illness, 46 cases (59.74%) were diagnosed without concern, 16 cases (20.78%) were diagnosed but did not take medicine, 60 cases were under treatment, and 29 cases were mostly on counterfeit drugs (48.33%). Conclusion: Comprehensive diagnosis and treatment education to non-specialist clinicians and timely manner regular follow-up of patients is a key factor and an important link to formulate a simple, easy and sustainable model to improve the efficiency of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatitis C micro-elimination strategy in hospital. In addition, it will also play an important role in achieving the strategic goal of "eliminating hepatitis C as a public health threat by 2030".

POS0785 CHANGING EXPRESSION PROFILES OF LONG NONCODING RNAS, MIRNAS, MRNAS AND CIRCULAR RNAS IN LABIAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF PRIMARY SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME (PSS)

Background:

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a relatively common autoimmune disease characterized by oral and ocular dryness. An increasing number of studies have revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), miRNA, mRNA and circular RNA (circRNA) contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Objectives:

To explore lncRNA, miRNA, mRNA and circRNA expression profiles in labial salivary glands (LSGs) in pSS patients and their biological functions in the regulation of pSS.

Methods:

The expression of 75,550 lncRNAs, 2,318 miRNA, 20,292 mRNAs and 6,877 circRNAs were determined in the LSG of six pSS patients and six healthy controls using microarray experiments. Validation was performed in pSS patients and controls using real-time PCR. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression and gene-pathway networks were constructed using bioinformatics software.

Results:

A total of 599 lncRNAs (upregulated: 279, downregulated: 320), 78 miRNAs (upregulated: 26, downregulated: 52), 615 mRNAs (upregulated: 590, downregulated: 25) and 160 mRNAs (upregulated: 110, downregulated: 50) were differentially expressed in the LSGs of pSS patients. Five of these lncRNAs were validated using real-time PCR. lncRNA HCP5, lncRNA SNHG5, lncRNA IFI44L, lncRNA CMPK2 were significantly upregulated and lncRNA TTYH1 were downregulated in pSS. GO and KEGG biological pathway analysis were performed to predict the functions of differentially expressed lncRNAs and co-expressed potential targeting genes. Subsequently, a ceRNA (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) network including 2320 ceRNA pairs was constructed based on predicted miRNAs shared by lncRNAs and mRNAs.

Conclusion:

The expression profile provided a systematic perspective on the potential functions of lncRNAs miRNAs, mRNAs and circRNAs in the pathogenesis of pSS. Therefore, this study will aid in the development of new diagnostic biomarkers and drug therapies.

References:

[1]Le Dantec C, Varin MM, Brooks WH, Pers JO, Youinou P, Renaudineau Y. Epigenetics and Sjogren’s syndrome.Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012 Aug;13(10):2046-53.

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

Effects of Cryopreservation on Acrosin Activity and DNA Damage of Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) Semen

BACKGROUND

Cryopreservation of sturgeon sperm can be successful, but there can be a decrease in sperm viability and the reasons are not clear.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate variations in the acrosin activity and the DNA integrity of Acipenser gueldenstaedtii semen during cryopreservation at -196ºC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fish semen samples were randomly divided into three groups: [1] fresh control; [2] native semen diluted 1:1 with 23.4 mM sucrose + 0.25 mM KCl + 30 mM Tris (pH 8.0) and the addition of 10% methanol as cryoprotectant; and [3] semen without any diluents or cryoprotectants. Acrosin activity and DNA damage (COMET assay) were assessed.

RESULTS

The average acrosin activity fell to 61% and 27% of the control for cryoprotected and non-cryoprotected semen after cryopreservation. The differences among the three groups were significant (P<0.05). We also observed that various indexes of DNA damage (L-tail; tail DNA, tail momentum, olive tail momentum) were higher in semen that had been frozen.

CONCLUSION

Although cryopreservation of semen induces decreased acrosin activity and increased DNA damage, cryoprotectants can protect the semen during cryopreservation.

The value of MRI in identifying pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour G3 and carcinoma G3

AIM

To explore the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) differences between pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour grade 3 (pNET-G3) and pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma grade 3 (pNEC-G3).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Between 2009 and 2019, 31 patients underwent pNEN-G3 resection with preoperative MRI in two local hospitals in China. The 31 patients were assigned to a pNET-G3 group (n=13) or a pNEC-G3 group (n=18). The MRI findings between the groups were compared.

RESULTS

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in lesion size, clinical characteristics, or laboratory indexes. The lesions showed high or slightly higher signal on diffusion-weighted imaging and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, which differed between the two groups (p=0.013). The difference between the groups regarding positive enhancement integral, arterial phase and portal phase signal enhancement ratio were statistically significant; however, the delayed phase signal enhancement ratio was not significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS

pNET-G3 and pNEC-G3 showed different characteristics on MRI. In particular, the ADC value and dynamic enhanced imaging could have an important role in distinguishing between the two.

Novel biomarkers of intervertebral disc cells and evidence of stem cells in the intervertebral disc

OBJECTIVE

Rat intervertebral disc (IVD) is one of the most commonly used and cost-effective alternative models for human IVD. Many IVD related clinical studies need to be pre-tested on rat IVDs. However, studies on the heterogeneous cell clusters of the rat IVD are inadequate, and a further understanding of the marker genes and cell phenotypes of healthy mature IVD cells is essential.

METHODS

In this study, we used the 10X Genomics technology to analyze the single-cell transcriptome of purified wild-type rat IVDs.

RESULTS

We identified potentially new gene markers of IVDs via single-cell sequencing. Based on the unsupervised cluster analysis of 13,578 single-cell transcripts, 3 known IVD cell types were identified. We provided a complete single-cell gene expression map of the IVD. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence images of rat disc sections confirmed the new marker genes of all cell types. One group of heterologous cell groups expressed multi-functional stem cell (MSC)-specific genes, indicating the stem cell potential of IVD cells.

CONCLUSION

We provided the phenotype and marker genes of IVD cells at the single-cell level, reconfirmed existing data, and proposed new marker genes, including MSC marker genes. By identifying more accurate target cells and genes, our results pave the way for further study of the response of individual disc cells to disease states and provide the basis for future disc regeneration therapies.

Genetic variants in long non-coding RNAs UCA1 and NEAT1 were associated with the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is known for its high incidence, death rate, and relatively low 5-year survival. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a significant role in cancerization and cancer progression. However, research on the association of polymorphisms in these lncRNAs with the prognosis of OSCC is lacking. Fifteen functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven lncRNAs were selected to explore the relationship between these lncRNA SNPs and the prognosis among 209 OSCC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the associations. Further functional exploration of significant SNPs was done by eQTL analysis. Using multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis, a predictive role of NEAT1 rs3741384 GG and UCA1 rs7255437 TC+TT in a worse prognosis of OSCC was identified. In addition, a marked increased risk of death was observed with an increasing number of unfavourable genotypes (NUG). The NUG was then incorporated with clinical variables in the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the results indicated a potential role of the NUG in predicting OSCC patient risk of death (area under the curve increase from 0.616 to 0.703). In conclusion, the study findings indicate that genetic variants rs3741384 in NEAT and rs7255437 in UCA1 may influence the survival of OSCC patients.

[Relationship of DNMT3b expression and SEPT9 methylation in theprogression of colorectal carcinogenesis]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) and the methylation of SEPT9 gene, and their application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods: Seventy-five cases of colorectal cancer and adjacent tissues, 68 cases of colorectal high-grade internal neoplasia tissues (referred to as precancerous tissues) and high-grade internal adjacent neoplasia tissues (referred to as adjacent precancerous tissues) were collected. Pyrosequencing was used to detect the methylationlevel of SETP9. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to examine the mRNA expressionof SEPT9 and immunohistochemistry(IHC) was applied to detect the protein expressions of SETP9 and DNMT3b. Liposome-mediated method was used to transfect DNMT3b siRNA and negative control siRNA into HT-29 cells. Five groups including DNMT3b siRNA 15 nmol/L group, DNMT3b siRNA 30 nmol/L group, negative control siRNA 15 nmol/L group, negative control siRNA 30 nmol/L group and blank control group were set up. Pyrosequencing was applied to determine the methylation level of SEPT9 and mRNA expression of DNMT3b in each group. Results: The methylation rates of SEPT9 gene in colorectal cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, precancerous tissues and adjacent precancerous tissues were (76.8±6.5)%, (14.4±2.6)%, (34.6±5.0)% and (7.4±1.2)%, respectively, which was highest in colorectal cancer tissue (P<0.001). The relative expressions of SEPT9 mRNA were 0.18±0.03, 0.89±0.41, 0.69±0.41 and 1.01±0.21, respectively, which was lowest in colorectal cancer tissue (P<0.001), while there were no statistically significant differences in adjacent tissues, precancerous tissues and adjacent precancerous tissues (P>0.05). The positive rates of SEPT9 protein expression were 12.0% (9/75), 53.3% (40/75), 55.1% (38/69) and 62.3% (43/69), which was lowest in the colorectal cancer tissue (P<0.001), while there were no statistically significant differences in the adjacent group, precancerous group and adjacent precancerous group (P>0.016 7). The positive rates of DNMT3b protein expression were 56.3% (45/75), 26.7% (20/75), 46.4% (32/69) and 33.3% (23/69), respectively, which was highest in colorectal cancer tissue (P<0.001), while without statistically significant difference from the precancerous tissue (P>0.016 7). Experiments in vitro showed that DNMT3b mRNA expression was lowest in DNMT3b siRNA 30 nmol/L group among five groups and was statistically different from other groups (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the methylationrate of SEPT9 gene was lowest in this group, but without statistically significant difference from the DNMT3b siRNA 15 nmol/L group (P>0.05). Conclusions: The expression of DNMT3b is significantly correlated with the methylation level of SEPT9 gene in different stages of colorectal cancer. The high expression of DNMT3b may be an important molecular event before SEPT9 gene methylation and it may have an important potential application value in the diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer.

The Analysis of Drug-Resistant Gene Mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by GeneChip in Lianyungang, China

BACKGROUND

Tuberculosis (TB) has raised major global health concerns, especially for that caused by drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The control of TB was hampered by time-consuming and insensitive diagnostic methods. GeneChip analysis is a rapid method for screening and identifying the gene mutations of M. tuberculosis. However, there was little relevant information about GeneChip analysis of M. tuberculosis in China.

METHODS

To compare the performance of GeneChip analysis in the diagnosis of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis with traditional drug susceptibility testing (DST), 1,747 sputum specimens from 2014 to 2016 in Lianyungang of China were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS

GeneChip analysis showed that the gene mutation site of M. tuberculosis to RFP resistance was 46.37% in rpoB 531 (TCG→TTG), and INH resistance was 69.89% in katG 315 (AGC→ACC). There was not significant different between GeneChip analysis and DST in detecting the resistance of M. tuberculosis to RPF or INH.

CONCLUSIONS

GeneChip analysis could be regarded as a rapid and recommended method for early screening and identifying the drug resistance of M. tuberculosis.

[Clinical strategies for preservation of the exposed implant in chronic wounds and wound repair]

Objective: To explore the clinical strategies for preservation of the exposed implant in chronic wounds and wound repair. Methods: From January 2016 to January 2019, totally 8 patients (4 males and 4 females, aged 10 to 73 years) sustaining postoperative chronic wounds with exposed implants were admitted to the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital. There were 2 cases of abdominal patch exposure after abdominal trauma surgery, 2 cases of titanium plate exposure post craniocerebral surgery, 3 cases of internal fixator exposure post orthopedic surgery, and 1 case of cerebrospinal fluid drainage tube exposure after craniocerebral surgery. The wound exudate was collected for bacterial culture on admission. On the basis of glycemic control and correction of anemia and hypoproteinemia, thorough wound debridement was performed as soon as possible and the wound area after debridement ranged from 2.0 cm×0.5 cm to 6.0 cm×5.0 cm. The wounds of 4 patients were immediately closed after debridement, including 1 case by primary closure, 1 case by primary closure after local filling of platelet rich plasma gel, and 2 cases by local flap transplantation, with flap size of 10.0 cm×8.0 cm and 12.0 cm×8.0 cm, respectively. The donor sites of flaps were sutured directly and all the incisions were treated with continuous vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) after surgery. The other 4 patients were treated with continuous VSD after debridement to improve the wound bed. The wound of 1 case healed gradually, 1 case received direct wound suturing, and the wounds of 2 cases were repaired with thin split-thickness skin grafts from the thigh or the head. The results of bacterial culture of wound exudate on admission, wound healing post surgery, and follow-up were observed and recorded. Results: The bacterial culture of wound exudate on admission was positive in 6 patients, and 10 strains of bacteria were isolated with Staphylococcus epidermidis as the main pathogen. All the skin grafts or flaps of patients survived post surgery, with the incisions and wounds healed and all the implants preserved. After 1 to 3 years of follow-up, no recurrence of wound was found in any patient. Conclusions: The postoperative chronic wounds with exposed implants can be closed in primary stage by direct suturing or flap transplantation if it is clean enough on the basis of thorough debridement. The wounds with large defects or serious infection can be treated with continuous VSD firstly and then closed with direct suturing or skin grafting for delayed wound closure, thereby to reach the treatment goal of preserving the implants and repairing the wounds simultaneously.

[Selection and effects of flap/myocutaneous flap repair methods for the defect after perineum tumor resection]

Objective: To explore the selection and effects of flap/myocutaneous flap repair methods for the defect after perineum tumor resection. Methods: From January 2011 to February 2017, 31 patients with vulvar tumor who were admitted to Hunan Cancer Hospital underwent repair of wound after tumor resection with various flaps/myocutaneous flaps. The patients were composed of 5 males and 26 females, aged 39-76 years, with 27 vulvar cancer and 4 Paget's disease in primary diseases. The size of defects after vulvar tumor radical resection ranged from 8.0 cm×4.5 cm to 27.5 cm×24.0 cm. According to the theory of perforasome, the defects were repaired by the external pudendal artery perforator flap, deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap, rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, anterolateral thigh flap, internal pudendal artery perforator flap, gracilis myocutaneous flap, and profunda artery perforator flap based on the specific size and location of perineum and groin where the defect was located. According to the blood supply zone of flap, totally 17 local translocation flaps, 18 axial flaps/myocutaneous flaps, and 7 V-Y advancement flaps were resected, with an area of 7.0 cm×4.0 cm to 21.0 cm×13.0 cm. All the flaps/myocutaneous flaps were transferred in pedicled fashion, and the donor sites were closed without tension. The number of flaps/myocutaneous flaps, wound closure, flaps/myocutaneous flaps survival, and follow-up were observed and recorded. Results: Altogether 42 flaps/myocutaneous flaps were harvested in 31 patients. Two flaps/myocutaneous flaps were used in 11 cases for large circular defect repair. All the defects achieved tension-free primary closure. The blood supply of 32 flaps/myocutaneous flaps was good, while insufficient blood supply was noted in the other 10 flaps/myocutaneous flaps. Seventeen flaps/myocutaneous flaps survived smoothly. Wound dehiscence occurred in 5 flaps/myocutaneous flaps 8 to 14 days postoperatively, which was healed with dressing change. Temporary congestion was noted in 7 flaps/myocutaneous flaps 2 to 5 days postoperatively, which recovered without special treatment. Three flaps/myocutaneous flaps had infection 7 to 15 days postoperatively, two of which recovered after dressing change, while the other one had partial necrosis and received debridement and direct closure. Two flaps/myocutaneous flaps were totally necrotic 8 to 15 days postoperatively, which were repaired with pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap after debridement. Seven flaps/myocutaneous flaps had partial necrosis 7 to 20 days postoperatively and were healed after dressing change. Twenty-four patients were followed up for 9-38 months. The color of flaps/myocutaneous flaps was similar to that of the surrounding skin, the shape of vulva was natural, the movement of hip joint was not limited, the function of micturition and defecation was not affected, and tumor recurrence was noted in 3 patients. Conclusions: For the complicated large defect after perineum tumor resection, the flexible application of different forms of flaps/myocutaneous flaps to repair according to different areas regains the appearance and function. However, there are many complications, so it is necessary to further strengthen the postoperative care.

0913 Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring In Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Introduction

This study was performed to investigate the differences in blood pressure among different groups of snoring children and among different sleep stages.In recent years, the incidence of OSAS in children has increased year by year. Blood pressure research of OSAS children can better understand the occurrence of OSAS related complications. Early detection and intervention of blood pressure changes in children with OSAS can effectively reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in adulthood and lower the disease burden.

Methods

Habitually snoring children (snoring frequency of ≥3 nights per week) aged 3to 11 years were recruited from Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University from 1 January 2017 to 30 June 2018. All children underwent polysomnography, and their blood pressure was monitored and calculated by the pulse transit time. The children were divided into those with primary snoring (PS), mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and moderate to severe OSAS according to their obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI).

Results

In total, 140 children were recruited. Ninety-seven had PS, 24 had mild OSAS, and 19 had moderate to severe OSAS. There were no differences in age, sex, or body mass index z-score among the groups. Statistically significant differences were found in the OAHI, oxygen desaturation index 3%, respiratory arousal index, and lowest oxygen saturation among the three groups. Children with moderate to severe OSAS had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than those with mild OSAS and PS (P &lt; 0.001). In all children, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was higher in the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage than in the non-REM sleep stage (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion

Children with moderate to severe OSAS had higher blood pressure than those with PS and mild OSAS. Blood pressure in the REM sleep stage was higher than that in other sleep stages in all groups of children.

Support

The Pediatric Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority (XTYB201807);Capital Health Research and Development of Special Funding (2018-1-2091);National Key Research and Development Plan (2017YFC0112502)

[Effects of pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap combined with free deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap carrying inguinal lymphatic flap in breast reconstruction and upper limb lymphedema treatment post radical mastectomy]

Objective: To explore the effects of pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous (PRAM)flap combined with free deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap carrying inguinal lymphatic flap in breast reconstruction and upper limb lymphedema treatment post radical mastectomy. Methods: From October 2014 to September 2016, 9 patients with upper limb lymphedema after mastectomy were treated with PRAM flap combined with free DIEAP flap carrying inguinal lymphatic flap for breast reconstruction and upper limb lymphedema treatment in Hunan Province Cancer Hospital. The patients were all females, aged 34-66 (44±7) years. The location of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator was detected by audible Doppler ultrasound blood stream detector and computed tomography angiography for designing combined tissue flap, with length of (25.32±0.27) cm, width of (13.14±0.76) cm, and thickness of (3.55±0.34) cm. The donor site of combined tissue flap was closed by suturing, and two or more tubes for negative pressure drainage were placed according to the situation of donor site and recipient site. Operation time and average placing time of negative pressure drainage tube, postoperative condition of combined tissue flap and the donor site, reconstructed breast condition, recovery of upper limb lymphedema were documented and followed up. Results: The operation time was 290-420 (396±55) min. The average retaining time of negative pressure drainage tube in breast was 5.9 d, while the average retaining time of negative pressure drainage tube in abdomen was 4.3 d. Ecchymoma occurred in DIEAP flap of one patient and in the flap donor site of another patient. Delayed healing was also seen in the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap of a patient, which healed eventually after dressing change, and the other flaps survived well. The appearance of reconstructed breast was good with good elasticity, and no contracture or deformation occurred in the tissue flap. The upper limb lymphedema in 7 patients was alleviated in varying degrees, with 2.0-4.0 cm reduction in circumference. During follow-up of 12-24 months of 9 patients, averaged 17.5 months, with 6 patients received long term bandage pressure therapy and physical therapy to the affected limbs after operation and all patients were satisfied with appearances of the affected limbs. Neuropathic pain in affected limbs was significantly relieved in 2 patients and stopped aggravating in the other 2 patients. Only linear scar was seen in the donor site of abdomen without affecting obviously the function of abdomen. Conclusions: The PRAM flap combined with free DIEAP flap carrying inguinal lymphatic flap is an effective way for breast reconstruction and upper limb lymphedema treatment post mastectomy.

The effectiveness of mHealth interventions on postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common psychiatric condition during the postnatal period that negatively impacts the well-being of both the mother and her infant. This study describes a systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of mobile health (mHealth) interventions, which is defined as the use of portable electronic devices to support public health and medical practice, in addressing depressive symptoms among postpartum women.

METHODS

Databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on PPD from database inception to December 2019.

RESULTS

The initial search identified 754 studies, of which, 11 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies evaluated four types of distinct mHealth interventions and involved 2424 participants across six countries. Pooled results demonstrated that compared to the controls, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score decreased in the mHealth intervention group (mean difference: -1.09, 95% confidence interval: -1.39 to -0.79).

DISCUSSION

Our study suggested that mHealth interventions may be a promising tool to complement routine clinical care in the prevention and treatment of PPD, but the clinical effectiveness of mHealth interventions needs to be better established. While most studies focused on telephone-based interventions, recent researches have also suggested the superiority and effectiveness of short messaging service (SMS) and smartphone applications, but the exact efficacy needs further evaluation. Therefore, more high-quality RCTs on app-based and SMS-based interventions are needed before the large-scale roll-out of these interventions in clinical practice.

Bone inflammation and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a sporadic condition of inflammatory bone pain that occurs as recurrent flares because of osteomyelitis, which presents in the form of multiple aseptic foci. The estimated prevalence of CRMO is 1-2 per million, affecting mostly children, in the age group of 2 to 17. Main symptoms of CRMO are bone inflammation and pain, which are generally worse at night. Other symptoms seen on radiographs indicate osteolytic lesions surrounded by sclerosis, at later stages of the disease. Markers of inflammation, viz. tumor necrosis factor a and C-reactive protein are elevated in many cases. Because of similar symptoms, differential diagnosis is needed to confirm CRMO from infectious osteomyelitis, bone tumors, and other diseases. The genetic component is likely in some cases such as Majeed syndrome, deficiency of IL-1 antagonist, etc. Imaging is the essential part of diagnosing CRMO, and magnetic resonance imaging of the whole body is the most widely used and recommended method for the evaluation of multiple foci, as compared to radiography for reasons of sensitivity as well as prevention of excessive exposure of affected children to radiation. CRMO is considered an autoimmune and auto-inflammatory disorder, but its precise pathophysiology is not clear. Current treatment options are non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs like naproxen, as the primary choice, and the bisphosphonates such as pamidronate as the second choice, to counter the symptoms and to reduce bone lesions. The surgical option is the choice for recalcitrant cases, even though recurrence may still be a problem.

Experience of pediatric urogenital tract inserted objects: 10-year single-center study

INTRODUCTION

Urogenital tract foreign bodies (FBs) have been rarely reported in children, and the management is still challenging.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to review a 10-year experience with urogenital tract FBs in a single center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The authors reviewed the records of children suspected with urogenital tract FBs and first admitted to the hospital, including demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and management. The authors compared the surgery strategies in different locations of FBs and age, and the locations of FBs in different age groups.

RESULTS

Two hundred and thirty-nine cases were reviewed, and 188 were confirmed to retain urogenital tract FBs (150 girls and 38 boys). The number of the patients increased progressively in the last 10 years and mainly concentrated in spring and summer in the last 4 years. The peak ages were 3-5 years old and 9-13 years old. General anesthesia surgeries were performed on 20 patients (Fig. 1). Vagina FBs were more likely to require day surgery, whereas bladder FBs required surgery in hospital. Patients younger than 6 years were more likely to be girls with vagina FBs, and patients older than 11 years were more likely to be boys with bladder FBs.

DISCUSSION

Urogenital tract FBs in children is a great challenge. As the vagina is shorter and wider than the urethra, girls with vagina FBs are usually treated by day surgery and adolescent boys of urethra FBs are treated by hospital surgery. Misdiagnosis may occur when patients conceal FBs insert history, have severe urinary tract infections, or have previous surgery history. Ultrasonography helps to reduce misdiagnosis. FBs should be taken into consideration when patients have new symptoms after hypospadias repair, and postoperative changes of hypospadias repair, such as urinary calculi, have been excluded. Appropriate surgery techniques, based on the size, nature, and location of FBs, should be performed for complete removal of FBs with minimal complications to reduce secondary injury. Sharp FBs could be migrated among the digestive system, urogenital system, and deep pelvic. If the procedure is difficult, patients with a stable needle can be conservatively managed with close follow-up. Nevertheless, symptomatic patients should be treated actively.

CONCLUSION

The awareness of potential severity of pediatric urogenital tract FBs should be raised. Appropriate toys and timely sex education help prevent children from urogenital tract FBs insertion. Selecting appropriate techniques for particular situations is the best way to reduce secondary injury, especially for cases with migrated FBs (needles), magnetic FBs, and postoperative FBs.

IgM in human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Most studies on human immunity to malaria have focused on the roles of immunoglobulin G (IgG), whereas the roles of IgM remain undefined. Analyzing multiple human cohorts to assess the dynamics of malaria-specific IgM during experimentally induced and naturally acquired malaria, we identified IgM activity against blood-stage parasites. We found that merozoite-specific IgM appears rapidly in Plasmodium falciparum infection and is prominent during malaria in children and adults with lifetime exposure, together with IgG. Unexpectedly, IgM persisted for extended periods of time; we found no difference in decay of merozoite-specific IgM over time compared to that of IgG. IgM blocked merozoite invasion of red blood cells in a complement-dependent manner. IgM was also associated with significantly reduced risk of clinical malaria in a longitudinal cohort of children. These findings suggest that merozoite-specific IgM is an important functional and long-lived antibody response targeting blood-stage malaria parasites that contributes to malaria immunity.

Spatiotemporal predictions of obesity prevalence in Chinese children and adolescents: based on analyses of obesogenic environmental variability and Bayesian model

OBJECTIVE

To find variations in Chinese obesogenic environmental priorities from 2000 to 2011, predict spatiotemporal distribution of obesity prevalence aged 7-17 years in 31 provinces, and provide foundations for policy-makers to reduce obesity in children and adolescents.

METHODS

Based on data examination of provincial obesity prevalence aged 7-17 years from three rounds of China Health and Nutrition Surveys (in 9 [2000], 9 [2006], and 12 [2011] provinces) and corresponding years' environments in 31 provinces from China Statistical Yearbooks and other sources, 12 predictors were selected. We used 30 surveyed provinces in three rounds as training samples to fit three analytic models with partial least-square regressions and prioritized predictors by variable importance projection to find variations. And fitted a spatiotemporal prediction model with Bayesian analysis to infer in space-time.

RESULTS

Variations of obesogenic environmental priorities were found at different times. A Bayesian spatiotemporal prediction model with deviance information criterion of 155.60 and statistically significant (P < 0.05) parameter estimates of intercept (-717.0400, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: -1186.0300, -248.0480), year (0.3584, CI: 0.1245, 0.5924), square of food industry level (0.0003, CI: 0.0002, 0.0004), and log (healthcare) (5.3742, CI: 2.5138, 8.2347) was optimized. Totally inferred average obesity prevalence among children and adolescents were 2.23%, 5.11%, 10.77%, 12.20%, 13.99%, and 17.58% in 31 provinces in China in 2000, 2006, 2011, 2015, 2020, and 2030, respectively. Obesity in north and east of China clusters on predicted maps.

CONCLUSIONS

Obesity prevalence in children and adolescents in China is rapidly increasing, growing at 0.3584% annually from 2000 to 2011. From longitudinal observation, prevalence was significantly influenced by food industry ("Amplifier") and healthcare service ("Balancer"). Targeted interventions in north and east of China are pressing. Further researches on the mechanisms underlying the influence of food industry, healthcare service, and so on in children and adolescents are needed.

let-7i inhibits proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells by targeting HMGA1

Background

Let-7 is one of the earliest discovered microRNAs(miRNAs) and has been reported to be down-regulated in multiple malignant tumors. The effects and molecular mechanisms of let-7i in bladder cancer are still unclear. This study was to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of let-7i on bladder cancer cells.

Methods

Total RNA was extracted from bladder cancer cell lines. The expression levels of let-7i and HMGA1 were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 and colony formation assays, while transwell and wound healing assays were used to evaluate migration ability. Luciferase reporter assay and western blot were used to confirm the target gene of let-7i.

Results

Compared with the SV-40 immortalized human uroepithelial cell line (SV-HUC-1), bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637 had low levels of let-7i expression, but high levels of high mobility group protein A1 (HMGA1) expression. Transfection of cell lines T24 and 5637 with let-7i mimic suppressed cell proliferation and migration. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed HMGA1 may be one of the target genes of let-7i-5p. Protein and mRNA expression of HMGA1 was significantly downregulated in let-7i mimic transfected cell lines T24 and 5637.

Conclusions

Up-regulation of let-7i suppressed proliferation and migration of the human bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637 by targeting HMGA1. These findings suggest that let-7i might be considered as a novel therapeutic target for bladder cancer.