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Li W, Shan G, Wang S, Wang H, Wang W, Li Y. A preliminary investigation of presenteeism and cognitive preferences among head nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:339. [PMID: 37759227 PMCID: PMC10523794 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual health is essential for productivity at work. However, presenteeism, which is defined as attending work while ill, is common. Nursing is a profession with a high incidence of presenteeism, leading to diverse negative outcomes. Considering the unique and significant role of head nurses and the influence of cognitive factors on presenteeism, the current study aimed to investigate the incidence of presenteeism among head nurses, their cognitive preference towards presenteeism, and the association between the two. METHODS This preliminary investigation was a cross-sectional study conducted from July to August 2022. Participants were 233 head nurses recruited via convenience sampling from six hospitals located in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. The Nurse Presenteeism Questionniare (NPQ) and an original cognitive preference questionnaire were used to measure head nurses' experience of presenteeism and cognitive preference towards presenteeism. Descriptive statistics and sample t-tests were performed for data analysis. RESULTS In the past six months, 96.6% of the head nurses exhibited signs of presenteeism. The specific symptoms were discomfort in the lower back, dizziness or headache, cold (e.g., stuffy nose or cough), abdominal pain (including menstrual pain), and whole-body fatigue or discomfort. 95.7% of head nurses' anticipation preference toward presenteeism inclined to rest at home; additionally, more than 80% of the head nurses considered presenteeism detrimental to both individuals and organizations. Further, 63.9% of the head nurses were inclined toward conduct discouragement in the face of subordinates' presenteeism. There was no significant difference in presenteeism between head nurses with various anticipation preferences (p > 0.05) and benefit preferences (p > 0.05). However, the differences in presenteeism among head nurses with various management preferences were significant (t = 2.60, p = 0.01). Specifically, head nurses who favored encouraging subordinate presenteeism had higher presenteeism scores compared to those who discouraged it. CONCLUSIONS Presenteeism among head nurses remains a universal workplace phenomenon. There was inconsistency among head nurses' anticipation preferences, benefit preferences, and presenteeism. However, there was consistency between head nurses' management preferences and presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Geyan Shan
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
- Business School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
- Institute of International Education, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Outpatient, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
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Liu Y, Zhang F, Guan C, Song B, Zhang H, Fu M, Wang F, Tang C, Chen H, Guo Q, Fan L, Hou X, Wang H, Wu B, Shan G, Zhang H, Yu F, Lou X, Xie H, Zhou Y, Lu G, Xin X, Pan S, Guo S. Patient satisfaction with humanistic nursing in Chinese secondary and tertiary public hospitals: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1163351. [PMID: 37711237 PMCID: PMC10498541 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1163351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Humanistic care pertains to the abilities, attitudes, and behaviors central to patient-centered care, contributing to patients' sense of safety and wellbeing. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of patients with humanistic nursing care in Chinese secondary and tertiary public hospitals. Methods A national cross-sectional survey was conducted across 30 provinces and 83 hospitals in China. Patient satisfaction with humanistic care was assessed using the Methodist Health Care System Nurse Caring Instrument (NCI), which encompasses 20 items across 12 dimensions. Each item was rated on a 7-point Likert scale, yielding a total score of 140. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with patients' satisfaction. Results Moderate satisfaction (mean score 91.26 ± 13.14) with humanistic nursing care was observed among the 17,593 participants. Factors significantly associated with patient satisfaction included age, hospital type, presence of children, educational attainment, place of residence, family monthly income, and medical insurance type. Conclusion The study findings highlight the importance of tailored interventions, evidence-based practice guidelines, and patient-centered care in improving patients' satisfaction with humanistic nursing care. Continuous emphasis on nursing education and professional development is crucial for enhancing humanistic care and patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Liu
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengjian Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunyan Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Orthopedic, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Haixin Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mo Fu
- Department of Nursing, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Nursing, Laibin People's Hospital, Laibin, China
| | - Chenxi Tang
- Department of Nursing, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingfeng Guo
- Department of Nursing, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ling Fan
- Department of Nursing, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinfeng Hou
- Department of Nursing, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Assisted Reproductive Centre, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Geyan Shan
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- Outpatient of International Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoping Lou
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongzhen Xie
- Department of Health Medicine, People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gendi Lu
- Department of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Xin
- Department of Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'An, Shanxi, China
| | - Shaoshan Pan
- Department of Nursing, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujie Guo
- Department of Outpatient, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Wang W, Chen S, Wang S, Shan G, Li Y. Parental Burnout and Adolescents' Development: Family Environment, Academic Performance, and Social Adaptation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2774. [PMID: 36833471 PMCID: PMC9957149 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effect and underlying mechanism of parental burnout on adolescents' development as well as the mediating role of parental psychological control. Adolescents' academic performance, and social distress were selected as developmental indicators. Data were collected on three different occasions using a time-lagged design. Questionnaires were distributed to 565 Chinese families. In the first phase of data collection, fathers and mothers were asked to provide data regarding their parental burnout separately. In the second phase, adolescents were asked to provide details regarding their perceived father and mother's psychological control. In the third phase, adolescents were asked to provide information on their social distress. At the end of their term, academic performance scores on the final exams were collected. In total, data of 290 students (135 boys; Mage = 13.85 years) and their parents (for fathers age M = 41.91, and for mothers M = 40.76) were matched. The results of the multi-group structural equation model showed that parental burnout was negatively related to adolescents' development indirectly through parental psychological control. Parental psychological control partial mediated the relation between parental burnout and academic performance, and fully mediated the relation between parental burnout with social adaptation. In addition, mothers' parental burnout showed a stronger effect than fathers'. Mothers' parental burnout generally showed significant effects on adolescents' development, while the same indirect effects were not significant in the sample of fathers. These results showed the importance of mothers' influence on adolescents in parenting activities, and therefore, attention should be paid to mothers in the intervention and prevention of parental burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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4
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Shan G, Wang W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Guo S, Li Y. Correction: Authoritarian leadership and nurse presenteeism: the role of workload and leader identification. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:3. [PMID: 36600228 PMCID: PMC9811685 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Shan
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XBusiness School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Wang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of International Education, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XBusiness School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shujie Guo
- grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Outpatient, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Shan G, Wang W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Guo S, Li Y. Authoritarian leadership and nurse presenteeism: the role of workload and leader identification. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:337. [PMID: 36461043 PMCID: PMC9717413 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses' health in the workplace is crucial for ensuring the quality of healthcare. However, presenteeism, the behavior of working in a state of ill health, is widespread in the nursing industry. Considering that the origin of authoritarian leadership and the prevalence of presenteeism are inseparable from Chinese workplace culture, this study aimed to explore the impact and mechanism of authoritarian leadership on presenteeism. METHODS A total of 528 nurses were recruited from four grade III level A hospitals in the present survey, which was distributed across 98 nursing teams. Participants were required to complete self-report measures on authoritarian leadership, presenteeism, workload, and leader identification. Description, correlation, and multilevel linear regressions were applied for data analysis. RESULTS The present study found that presenteeism was significantly related to participants' demographic characteristics, such as marital status, educational level, technological title, and general health. There was a positive relationship between authoritarian leadership and presenteeism, and workload acted as a mediator in authoritarian leadership and presenteeism. Furthermore, leader identification moderated the relationship between authoritarian leadership and workload. When nurses were under high leader identification, the positive impact of authoritarian leadership on workload was reinforced. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the potential antecedents and mechanisms of nurse presenteeism from the perspective of workplace culture. Results indicated that the excessive authoritarianism of leaders and the heavy workload faced by nurses may be the significant triggers for nurses' presenteeism. The role of leader identification is not always protective, which may heighten the relationship between dark leadership and its outcomes. These observations contribute to enriching research on presenteeism and authoritarian leadership, and provide valuable insights for cultivating healthy working behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Shan
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XBusiness School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Wang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China ,grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Outpatient, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XBusiness School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shujie Guo
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of International Education, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Liu T, Wang W, Shan G, Zhang Y, Liu J, Li Y. Job Crafting and Nurses' Presenteeism: The Effects of Job Embeddedness and Job Irreplaceability. Front Public Health 2022; 10:930083. [PMID: 35836996 PMCID: PMC9273998 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.930083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Presenteeism is defined as the behavior of people who insist on attending work despite complaints of ill health that should prompt rest and absence from work. Due to the heavy workloads and irreplaceable duties of the nursing service, nurses are a typical representative group suffering from presenteeism. Although more scholars have recently begun focusing on presenteeism, an abundant number of studies have tended to focus on presenteeism's external objective factors. There is, thus, a lack of studies based on variables related to the intra-individual initiative. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the relationship between job crafting and nurses' presenteeism from the perspective of the individual internal initiative. Furthermore, this study also aimed to examine job embeddedness' mediating effect and job irreplaceability's moderating effect on presenteeism. Methods A total of 900 nurses from a 3A-graded hospital in Henan Province were invited to participate in the online study in October, November, and December 2021, respectively. Participants were asked to complete Self-report scales on job crafting, job embeddedness, job irreplaceability, and presenteeism at three time points above. Job crafting was measured at Time 1, job embeddedness and job irreplaceability were measured at Time 2, and presenteeism was measured at Time 3. Results Presenteeism was significantly associated with differences in participants' age and tenure. Job crafting was significantly positively associated with job embeddedness, and job embeddedness was significantly negatively correlated with presenteeism. Job embeddedness mediated the relationship between job crafting and presenteeism. Job irreplaceability moderated the relationship between job embeddedness and presenteeism. Conclusions This study explored job crafting's influence mechanism on nurses' presenteeism, which is beneficial to providing effective suggestions for managing and preventing the incidence of nurses' presenteeism. Future research should consider expanding the sampling area and enriching the occupational fields of included participants to conduct a more in-depth discussion on the relationship between job crafting and nurses' presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Liu
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Geyan Shan
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Yongxin Li
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Wan X, Wang W, Wang S, Shan G, Li Y. The Measurement and Preliminary Application of the Concept of Family Centrality. Front Psychol 2022; 13:911292. [PMID: 35756278 PMCID: PMC9226669 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.911292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Family centrality refers to value judgment regarding the relative importance of family in an individual's life. In contrast to bidirectional research in the field of work-family relationships, much work had been done about the work centrality, whereas few works of research discussed family centrality as an independent concept. Thus, the present study systematically discussed the concept of family centrality in Chinese culture and the preliminary validation of its measurement through two cross-sectional studies. In study 1, questionnaires were distributed to two sub-samples through convenient sampling; one included 185 participants (mean age of 35.51 ± 10.30) and other included 189 participants (mean age of 31.39 ± 6.82). In study 2, through convenient sampling, questionnaires were distributed to 351 participants with a mean age of 35.15 (SD = 9.44) years. Results of Study 1 supported that the Family Centrality Questionnaire (FCQ) has a single-factor structure with good reliability and validity. Additionally, family centrality and work centrality are two independent concepts that can be distinguished on conceptional and applicational levels. Results of Study 2 showed that family centrality had an indirect effect on life wellbeing through life involvement (β = 0.073, 95% CI [0.032, 0128]), and work centrality had an indirect effect on work wellbeing through work involvement (β = 0.089, 95% CI [0.046, 0.142]). Further, family centrality had a spillover effect on work wellbeing through work involvement (β = -0.079, 95% CI [-0.125, -0.42]), and work centrality has a spillover effect on life wellbeing through family involvement (β = -0.053, 95% CI [-0.095, -0.22]). Overall, the results showed that the FCQ can be used as a scientific measurement for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wan
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Education, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Geyan Shan
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Education, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
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Xie H, Cao L, Ye L, Shan G, Song W. The miR-1906 mimic attenuates bone loss in osteoporosis by down-regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Physiol Int 2021; 107:469-478. [PMID: 33410769 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ability of microRNA-1906 (miR-1906) to attenuate bone loss in osteoporosis was evaluated by measuring the effects of a miR-1906 mimic and inhibitor on the cellular toxicity and cell viability of MC3T3-E1 cells. Bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) cells were isolated from female mice, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase signalling was performed in miR-1906 mimic-treated, receptor-activated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclasts. In-vivo, osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy (OVX). Rats were treated with 500 nmol/kg of the miR-1906 mimic via intrathecal administration for 10 consecutive days following surgery. The effect of the miR-1906 mimic on bone mineral density (BMD) in OVX rats was observed in the whole body, lumbar vertebrae and femur. Levels of biochemical parameters and cytokines in the serum of miR-1906 mimic-treated OVX rats were analysed. The mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), p-38 and NF-κB in tibias of osteoporotic rats (induced by ovariectomy) was observed using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Treatment with the miR-1906 mimic reduced cellular toxicity and enhanced the cell viability of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, osteoclastogenesis in miR-1906 mimic-treated, RANKL-induced osteoclast cells was reduced, whereas the BMD in the miR-1906 mimic-treated group was higher than in the OVX group of rats. Treatment with the miR-1906 mimic also increased levels of biochemical parameters and cytokines in the serum of ovariectomised rats. Finally, mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-38 and NF-κB were lower in the tibias of miR-1906 mimic-treated rats than in those of OVX rats. In conclusion, the miR-1906 mimic reduces bone loss in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - L Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - L Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - G Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
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Shan G, Wang S, Feng K, Wang W, Guo S, Li Y. Development and Validity of the Nurse Presenteeism Questionnaire. Front Psychol 2021; 12:679801. [PMID: 34093374 PMCID: PMC8175652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.679801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and test the reliability and validity of a multi-item nurses' presenteeism behaviour questionnaire. Study 1 administered the Nurse Presenteeism Questionnaire (NPQ) to 250 Chinese nurses. Study 2, surveyed 650 nurses with the NPQ, the Sickness Presenteeism Questionnaire, the Stanford Presenteeism Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Emotional Exhaustion Scale using convenience sampling. After item analysis, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups to verify the questionnaire structure. Study 1 revealed the nurses' core symptoms when they go to work with illness, and the NPQ with 11 items was developed. Study 2's item analysis revealed that 11 NPQ items had good discrimination (t = 22.67∼36.11, p < 0.01) and high homogeneity. Besides, the scale had good reliability (Cronbach's = 0.93) and external criterion validity (r = 0.24∼0.84, p < 0.01). Thus, the NPQ can be used to measure presenteeism behaviour in nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Shan
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kai Feng
- North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shujie Guo
- Nursing Department, Henan Province People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Zhang J, Wang S, Wang W, Shan G, Guo S, Li Y. Nurses' Job Insecurity and Emotional Exhaustion: The Mediating Effect of Presenteeism and the Moderating Effect of Supervisor Support. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2239. [PMID: 33071851 PMCID: PMC7531262 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenteeism refers to attending work when one is ill, which not only leads to a decline in the physical and mental health of employees but also negatively impacts organizational productivity and increases an organization's extra costs. Therefore, to explore the antecedents and outcomes of nurses' presenteeism behavior and the acting mechanism among the variables, a sample of 330 nurses from China were investigated with the Sickness Presenteeism Questionnaire, Job Insecurity Scale, Perceived Supervisor Support Scale, and Emotional Exhaustion Scale. The results indicated that (1) job insecurity had a significantly predictive effect on nurses' presenteeism behavior; (2) nurses' presenteeism partially mediated the relationship between job insecurity and emotional exhaustion; and (3) supervisor support moderated the relationship between nurses' presenteeism behavior and emotional exhaustion; i.e., the higher the level of supervisor support, the weaker the positive relationship between nurses' presenteeism behavior and emotional exhaustion. The findings provide theoretical guidance and an empirical basis for prevention and intervention strategies concerning nurses' presenteeism behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihao Zhang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Geyan Shan
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shujie Guo
- Nursing Department, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Shan G, Wang S, Wang W, Guo S, Li Y. Presenteeism in Nurses: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes From the Perspectives of Nurses and Chief Nurses. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:584040. [PMID: 33488418 PMCID: PMC7819974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.584040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenteeism refers to the behavior of people who turn up for work despite complaints of ill health that should prompt rest and absence from work. The high incidence of presenteeism in the nurse population has been extensively investigated using self-reported methods to explore its effects on individual outcomes. However, few studies have examined nurse presenteeism using an "other's" perspective to verify self-reported information. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the prevalence, consequences, and causes of presenteeism in Chinese nurses from the perspectives of nurses and chief nurses. A sample of 481 nurses and 282 chief nurses from five hospitals in Henan Province, China, took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Sickness Presenteeism Questionnaire, Social Productivity Loss Questionnaire, and Causes of Nurse Presenteeism Questionnaire. The human capital method was used to estimate the monetary loss because of nurse presenteeism. We found that 94.25 and 82.08% of nurses experienced presenteeism in the past 6 months from the perspective of nurses and chief nurses, respectively. The annual monetary loss was estimated to be ¥4.38 billion and ¥2.88 billion based on the presenteeism reports from nurses and chief nurses, respectively. Workload, leave system, and conscientiousness are the main reasons for nurse presenteeism, and financial need is another important reason that is likely overlooked by chief nurses. This study provides a foundation for future research by presenting new knowledge about the prevalence, consequences, and causes of presenteeism in Chinese nurses. The findings emphasize the need for nursing managers and nursing departments to establish policy systems around paid sick leave, workload, and communication with managers to reduce nurse presenteeism and the subsequent socio-economic financial losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Shan
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shujie Guo
- Nursing Department, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Cummings J, Fox N, Vellas B, Aisen P, Shan G. Biomarker and Clinical Trial Design Support for Disease-Modifying Therapies: Report of a Survey of the EU/US: Alzheimer's Disease Task Force. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2019; 5:103-109. [PMID: 29616703 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2018.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease-modifying therapies are urgently needed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The European Union/United States (EU/US) Task Force represents a broad range of stakeholders including biopharma industry personnel, academicians, and regulatory authorities. OBJECTIVES The EU/US Task Force represents a community of knowledgeable individuals who can inform views of evidence supporting disease modification and the development of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). We queried their attitudes toward clinical trial design and biomarkers in support of DMTs. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIANTS A survey of members of the EU/US Alzheimer's Disease Task Force was conducted. Ninety-three members (87%) responded. The details were analyzed to understand what clinical trial design and biomarker data support disease modification. MEASUREMENTS/RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Task Force members favored the parallel group design compared to delayed start or staggered withdrawal clinical trial designs to support disease modification. Amyloid biomarkers were regarded as providing mild support for disease modification while tau biomarkers were regarded as providing moderate support. Combinations of biomarkers, particularly combinations of tau and neurodegeneration, were regarded as providing moderate to marked support for disease modification and combinations of all three classes of biomarkers were regarded by a majority as providing marked support for disease modification. Task Force members considered that evidence derived from clinical trials and biomarkers supports clinical meaningfulness of an intervention, and when combined with a single clinical trial outcome, nearly all regarded the clinical trial design or biomarker evidence as supportive of disease modification. A minority considered biomarker evidence by itself as indicative of disease modification in prevention trials. Levels of evidence (A,B,C) were constructed based on these observations. CONCLUSION The survey indicates the view of knowledgeable stakeholders regarding evidence derived from clinical trial design and biomarkers in support of disease modification. Results of this survey can assist in designing clinical trials of DMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cummings
- Jeffrey Cummings, MD, ScD, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Ave, Las Vegas, NV, 89106, USA, T: 702.483.6029, F: 702.722.6584,
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Shan G, Zhao L, Li L, Liu B, Cheng G. PUB060 Comparison of Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) Derived from Whole Exome and Large Panel Sequencing in Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang L, Shan G, Liu X, Sun X. Changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor of patients with rectal cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and tumor progress. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:159-165. [PMID: 25864753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the rapid development of armamentarium, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become an important part of a multi-instrument comprehensive treatment of malignant tumor, which presents promising application prospects. This paper researches changes of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-2 (VEGF-2) in serum of patients with rectal cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and discusses how tumor progression rules relate to curative effect and prognosis. Enzyme linked immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA) was applied for the detection of VEGF expression and VEGF-2 expression of 45 patients with rectal cancer (treatment group) before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which was compared to the expressions of 45 healthy people (control group). After 8 weeks of continuous neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the results did not present obvious differences of VEGF and VEGF-2 expression in patients with different curative effects between pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy. However, VEGF and VEGF-2 expression of patients with CR+PR and NC significantly decreased. This proved the excellent curative effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with which the expressions of VEGF and VEGF-2 of rectal cancer patients decreased. The above experiment provides new ideas for the application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treating rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - G Shan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Abstract
Tests for trend are important in a number of scientific fields when trends associated with binary variables are of interest. Implementing the standard Cochran-Armitage trend test requires an arbitrary choice of scores assigned to represent the grouping variable. Bartholomew proposed a test for qualitatively ordered samples using asymptotic critical values, but type I error control can be problematic in finite samples. To our knowledge, use of the exact probability distribution has not been explored, and we study its use in the present paper. Specifically we consider an approach based on conditioning on both sets of marginal totals and three unconditional approaches where only the marginal totals corresponding to the group sample sizes are treated as fixed. While slightly conservative, all four tests are guaranteed to have actual type I error rates below the nominal level. The unconditional tests are found to exhibit far less conservatism than the conditional test and thereby gain a power advantage.
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Mazurenko O, Gupte G, Shan G. A comparison of the education and work experiences of immigrant and the United States of America-trained nurses. Int Nurs Rev 2014; 61:472-8. [DOI: 10.1111/inr.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Mazurenko
- Health Care Administration and Policy; School of Community Health Sciences; University of Nevada; Las Vegas NV USA
| | - G. Gupte
- Health Policy and Management; School of Public Health; Boston University; Boston MA USA
| | - G. Shan
- Environmental and Occupational Health; School of Community Health Sciences; University of Nevada; Las Vegas NV USA
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Li X, Diao X, Shan G, Kuang Y. Development of Magnetic Field Configurations in a 6 MV Linac-MRI. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lin Y, Wang S, Wang C, Zhong Y, Shan G, Wang K, Sun Q. Association of Striking Life Events with Primary Breast Cancer: a Case-Control Study. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu327.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chen L, Shan G, Xu Q, Fan J, Chen X, Ma C. SU-E-J-148: Dosimetric Changes During the Course of Image-Guided Radiation Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yang Z, Xing X, Xiao J, Lu J, Weng J, Jia W, Ji L, Shan Z, Liu J, Tian H, Ji Q, Zhu D, Ge J, Lin L, Chen L, Guo X, Zhao Z, Li Q, Zhou Z, Shan G, Yang W. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in the Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation: the 2007-2008 China national diabetes and metabolic disorders study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013; 121:372-4. [PMID: 23616189 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common chronic diseases in China. This aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of CVDs and risk factors in Chinese impaired glucose regulation subjects.We used a multistage, stratified sampling method to select subjects from the general Chinese population aged 20 years and older. Subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test to identify normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose regulation including isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), and combined IFG/IGT and diabetic mellitus (DM). A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between glucose abnormalities and CVD events.We identified that 34 293 subjects had NGT, 1 469 i-IFG, 4 571 i-IGT, 957 IFG/IGT and 4 949 DM. The age-sex standardized prevalence rate of cardiovascular disease was 1.06% (95% CI 0.87-1.28), 1.79% (95% CI 1.37-2.33) and 3.83% (95% CI 2.79-5.24) in NGT, impaired glucose regulation and DM, respectively. Among impaired glucose subjects, prevalence of defined CVD risk factors (smoking, overweight, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia) was 29.52% (95% CI: 27.8-31.21), 36.25% (95% CI: 34.29-38.26), 10.05% (95% CI: 8.86-11.37), 36.43% (95% CI: 34.53-38.36) and 69.96% (95% CI: 67.87-71.98), respectively. Compared to 1 risk factor, the odds ratios (ORs) of CVDs with 2, 3 or 4 risk factors were 1.94 (95% CI: 0.74-5.09), 2.76 (95% CI: 1.06-7.21) and 5.84 (95% CI: 1.68-20.26), respectively. Additionally, compared to i-IFGs, ORs of CVDs with i-IGT and IFG/IGT were 2.88 (95%CI 1.36-6.01) and 2.12 (95% CI 0.83-5.44), respectively.The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was high in the Chinese impaired glucose regulation population. The postprandial hyperglycemia is more associated with CVD than isolated fasting hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
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Abstract
One of the challenging skills in golfing is the driver swing. There have been a large number of studies characterizing golf swings, yielding insightful instructions on how to swing well. As a result, achieving a sub-18 handicap is no longer the top problem for golfers. Instead, players are now most troubled by a lack of consistency during swing execution. The goal of this study was to determine how to consistently execute good golf swings. Using 3D motion capture and full-body biomechanical modeling, 22 experienced golfers were analysed. For characterizing both successful and failed swings, 19 selected parameters (13 angles, 4 time parameters, and 2 distances) were used. The results showed that 14 parameters are highly sensitive and/or prone to motor control variations. These parameters sensitized five distinct areas of swing to variation: (a) ball positioning, (b) transverse club angle, (c) transition, (d) wrist control, and (e) posture migration between takeaway and impact. Suggestions were provided for how to address these five distinct problem areas. We hope our findings on how to achieve consistency in golf swings will benefit all levels of golf pedagogy and help maintain/develop interests to involve more golf/physical activity for a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, China
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Ma C, Shan G, Hu W, Emam I, Xu Q, Li J, Price R, Chen L. Dosimetric Evaluation of Interfractional Motion for Image Guided Prostate IMRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The autoantibodies against C1q (anti-C1q) have been reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the past decade, though there were increasing studies suggesting it is relatively specific in lupus nephritis (LN), its overall diagnostic value in LN has not been evaluated. The meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of autoantibodies against C1q in patients with LN, and to provide more precise evidence of a correlation between anti-C1q antibodies and activity of LN. We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases and contacted authors if necessary. A total of 25 studies including 2,502 patients with SLE and 1,317 with LN met our inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. Among all 25 studies, 22 studies were available for comparison between SLE with and without LN, and 9 studies compared anti-C1q between patients with active and inactive LN. Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was used to summarize comprehensive test performance. The QUADAS tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. For the diagnosis of LN, the pooled sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of anti-C1q were 0.58 (0.56-0.61, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]), 0.75 (0.72-0.77, 95% CI), 2.60 (2.06-3.28, 95% CI), 0.51 (0.41-0.63, 95% CI), and 6.08 (3.91-9.47, 95% CI) respectively. The area under the SROC curve (AUC) was 0.7941. For comparison between active and inactive LN, the weighted sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR and DOR were 0.74 (0.68-0.79, 95% CI), 0.77 (0.71-0.82, 95% CI), 2.91 (1.83-4.65, 95% CI), 0.33 (0.19-0.56, 95% CI), and 10.56 (4.56-24.46, 95% CI) respectively. The AUC was 0.8378. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that anti-C1q antibodies have relatively fair sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of LN, suggesting that the presence of anti-C1q antibodies may be a valuable adjunct for predicting LN and assessing renal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
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Ma C, Shan G, Hu W, Xu Q, Mohamed I, Fan J, Chen L. SU-E-J-07: Image Guided Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: To Shift Or to Re-Plan? Med Phys 2012; 39:3653. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4734839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yang H, Wang W, Yu C, Shan G, Hu W. SU-E-T-811: A Comparative Study of Replanning at the Midcourse and the Latter Course during Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Xu G, Qian J, Ren G, Shan G, Wu Y, Ruan L. A case of gastritis cystica profunda. Ir J Med Sci 2010; 180:929-30. [PMID: 20972841 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-010-0618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hu W, Zheng Z, Shan G, Yu C, Zhu H, Yang H, Wang B, Ding W, Liang X, Wang Y. SU-GG-T-579: A Study of Forward Treatment Planning with Integrated Multi-Prescription Dose for Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ma C, Shan G, Hu W, Xu Q, Fan J, Mohamed I, Chen L. A Dose-guided, Volumetric Target Localization Technique for Prostate IGRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jin L, Li J, Fan J, Wang L, Chen L, Xu Q, Price R, Shan G, Ma CM. SU-FF-T-94: Dosimetric Evaluation of the Setup and Breathing Motion Effect for Modulated Electron Radiation Therapy of Breast Cancer. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hu W, Yang H, Wang B, Ding W, Shao M, Yu C, Shan G, Wang W, Zhu H, Xu Q. SU-FF-T-116: A Study of Planning Dose Constraint Template for IMRT Treatment for Patients with Early Stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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31
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Yang H, Hu W, Wang W, Ding W, Shan G, Yu C, Wang B, Yan Y, Zhu H, Xu Q. SU-FF-T-96: Clinical Study of the Necessity of Replanning IMRT Treatment for Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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32
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Xu Q, Li J, Shan G, Veltchev I, Emam I, Fan J, Lin T, Jin L, Chen L, Ma C. MO-EE-A3-01: Comparison of Prostate Rotation and Calypso Beam Rotation for Prostate Margin Evaluation. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Li J, Chen L, Shan G, Ma C. SU-FF-I-102: Investigation of CT/MRI Fusion Error for Prostate IMRT. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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34
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Shan G, Chen L, Hu W, Xu Q, Fan J, Mohamed I, Ma C. SU-FF-J-87: Dosimetric Evaluation of Image Guided Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Gao J, Shan G, Sun B, Thompson PJ, Gao X. Association between polymorphism of tumour necrosis factor alpha-308 gene promoter and asthma: a meta-analysis. Thorax 2006; 61:466-71. [PMID: 16517578 PMCID: PMC2111203 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2005.051284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex polygenic disease in which gene-environment interactions are important. The gene encoding tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is one of several candidate loci for asthma pathogenesis and is highly polymorphic. A number of studies have investigated the polymorphism of TNFalpha-308 gene promoter (substitution G-->A, designated as TNF1 and TNF2) in relation to asthma susceptibility in different populations. However, the results of individual studies have been inconsistent. METHODS To address the inconsistent findings in studies of the association of the polymorphism of TNFalpha-308 gene promoter with susceptibility to asthma, a systematic review was undertaken of the published data and a meta-analysis was performed. The MEDLINE database was searched for case-control studies published in English language journals from 1966 to October 2005. Data were extracted using standardised forms and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Fifteen eligible studies, comprising 2409 patients with asthma and 3266 controls, were included in the meta-analysis. Using the random effects model, the pooled result showed that the TNF2 allele is associated with overall susceptibility to asthma (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.84, p=0.04). The ORs for asthma susceptibility in TNF2 homozygote individuals were significantly increased at 2.01 (95% CI 1.26 to 3.20, p=0.009) and 1.51 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.22, p=0.041) compared with TNF1 homozygotes and TNF2/1 heterozygotes, respectively. In addition, the pooled OR for asthma risk in TNF2/1 heterozygotes was also significantly higher than that in TNF1/1 homozygotes (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.13, p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS The TNF2 allele confers a significant risk for developing asthma. A large scale case-control study is needed to clarify the functional effect of the polymorphism of the TNFalpha gene in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
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Abstract
The past few years have seen an increased number of articles using Drosophila as a model system to study fragile X syndrome. Phenotypic analyses have demonstrated an array of neuronal and behavioral defects similar to the phenotypes reported in mouse models as well as human patients. The availability of both cellular and molecular tools along with the power of genetics makes the tiny fruit fly a premiere model in elucidating the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome. Here, we summarize the advances made in recent years in the characterization of fragile X Drosophila models and the identification of new molecular partners in neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Zarnescu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
In step-and-shoot IMRT, many individual beam segments are delivered. These segments are generated by the IMRT treatment planning system and subsequently transmitted electronically through computer hardware and software modules before they are finally delivered. Hence, an independent system that monitors the actual field shape during treatment delivery is an added level of quality assurance in this complicated process. In this paper we describe the development and testing of such a system. The system verifies the field shape by comparing the radiation field detected by the built-in portal imaging system on the linac to the actual field shape planned on the treatment planning system. The comparison is based on a software algorithm that detects the leaf edge positions of the radiation field on the portal image and compares that to the calculated positions. The process is fully automated and requires minimal intervention of the radiation therapists. The system has been tested with actual clinical plan sequences and was able to alert the operator of incorrect settings in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Woo
- Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Medical Physics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
A novel approach is reported for the development of fluorogenic esterase reporters using alpha-cyano-containing esters as substrates. After ester hydrolysis, the released alcohol, a cyanohydrin, rapidly eliminates HCN to yield the corresponding aldehyde resulting in strong fluorescence. The pi conjugation of the resulting aldehyde also greatly enhances UV absorption and red shifts fluorescence emission relative to a corresponding alcohol or phenol. Two substrates, R/S-acetic acid cyano-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-methyl ester (compound I) and trans/cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid R/S-cyano-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-methyl ester (compound II), were synthesized and evaluated as substrates. Such alpha-cyano substrates possess very low background fluorescence and are more stable under enzyme assay conditions than phenolic substrates due to the aliphatic cyano group. The higher molar absorbtivity and quantum yield of the aldehyde, along with its larger Stokes' shift combined with the increased stability and lower background signal of the cyanohydrin substrate, increases the utility and sensitivity of the resulting assays over current methods. Moreover, compound II showed high selectivity to pyrethroid-cleaving esterases and may provide a direct tool to monitor pyrethroid resistance in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shan
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Liu Y, Qin W, Hou S, Shan G, Zhuo M, Chen Y, Cui C, Caidan L, Qiu C. A-6G variant of the angiotensinogen gene and essential hypertension in Han, Tibetan, and Yi populations. Hypertens Res 2001; 24:159-63. [PMID: 11325075 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.24.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between the A-6G variant in the promoter of the angiotensinogen gene and essential hypertension in Han, Tibetan, and Yi populations. All patients with essential hypertension were selected by WHO criteria. And the polymorphism of the A-6G variant was determined by PCR/RFLP. The data were analyzed by t test and chi2 test. There was no significant difference in the genotype or allele frequencies between normotensives and hypertensives in the Han, Tibetan, and Yi populations, respectively. However, when the subjects were divided into male and female subgroups, the genotype distributions among hypertensives and normotensives of the Tibetan female group were as follows: AA, 37% vs. 48%; AG, 52% vs. 48%; GG, 11% vs. 4%, respectively and the frequency of the G allele was significantly higher in hypertensives than in normotensives in the Tibetan female group (0.37 vs. 0.28, chi2=4.25, p<0.05). In addition, we observed that there was a significant difference between the Han and Tibetan normotensive groups in the distributions of the allele and genotype frequencies of the A-6G variant. The frequency of the G allele was 0.29 and 0.17 in the Tibetan normotensive and Han groups, respectively (p<0.001). The G allele of the A-6G variant was associated with hypertension in the Tibetan females, but not in the Yi or Han females. And we confirmed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of the allele frequencies of the A-6G variant between the Han and Tibetan normotensive groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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Xu H, Yang Z, Cui N, Giwa LR, Abdulkadir L, Patel M, Sharma P, Shan G, Shen W, Jiang C. Molecular determinants for the distinct pH sensitivity of Kir1.1 and Kir4.1 channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2000; 279:C1464-71. [PMID: 11029294 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.5.c1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kir1.1 (ROMK1) is inhibited by hypercapnia and intracellular acidosis with midpoint pH for channel inhibition (pK(a)) of approximately 6.7. Another close relative, Kir4.1 (BIR10), is also pH sensitive with much lower pH sensitivity (pK(a) approximately 6. 0), although it shares a high sequence homology with Kir1.1. To find the molecular determinants for the distinct pH sensitivity, we studied the structure-functional relationship using site-directed mutagenesis. An NH(2)-terminal residue (Lys-53) was found to be responsible for the low pH sensitivity in Kir4.1. Mutation of this lysine to valine (K53V), a residue seen at the same position in Kir1. 1, markedly increased channel sensitivity to CO(2)/pH. Reverse mutation on Kir1.1 (V66K) decreased the CO(2)/pH sensitivities. Interestingly, mutation of these residues to glutamate greatly enhanced the pH sensitivity in both channels. Other contributors to the distinct pH sensitivity were histidine residues in the COOH terminus, whose numbers are fewer in Kir4.1 than Kir1.1. Mutation of two of these histidine residues in Kir1.1 (H342Q/H354N) reduced CO(2)/pH sensitivities, whereas the creation of two histidines (S328H/G340H) in Kir4.1 increased the CO(2)/pH sensitivities. Combined mutations of the lysine and histidine residues in Kir4.1 (K53V/S328H/G340H) gave rise to a channel that had CO(2)/pH sensitivities almost identical to those of the wild-type Kir1.1. Thus the residues demonstrated in our current studies are likely the molecular basis for the distinct pH sensitivity between Kir1.1 and Kir4.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010, USA
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Shan G, Leeman WR, Stoutamire DW, Gee SJ, Chang DP, Hammock BD. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the pyrethroid permethrin. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:4032-4040. [PMID: 10995309 DOI: 10.1021/jf000351x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Permethrin is a predominant pyrethroid widely used in agriculture and public health. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of permethrin was developed. Two haptens, the trans- and cis-isomers of 3-(4-aminophenoxy)benzyl-3-(2, 2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, were synthesized and conjugated with thyroglobulin as immunogens. Four antisera were generated and screened against six different coating antigens. The resulting ELISA has an I(50) value of 2.50 microg/L and relatively low cross-reactivities with other major pyrethroids, such as esfenvalerate, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and cyfluthrin. Methanol was found to be the best solvent for this ELISA, with optimal sensitivity observed at a concentration of 40% (v/v). The assay parameters are unchanged at pH values between 5.0 and 8.0, whereas higher ionic strengths (>0.2 M PBS) strongly suppress the absorbances. River water samples fortified with permethrin were analyzed according to this method and validated by GC-MS. Good recoveries and correlation with spike levels were observed, suggesting this immunoassay is valuable for environmental monitoring and toxicological studies at parts per trillion levels of permethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shan
- Department of Entomology and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Shan G, Zhong H, Zhang F. [Expression of MRP gene in non-small cell lung cancer and its significance]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 2000; 3:183-5. [PMID: 20950546 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2000.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of multi-drug resistance associated protein gene (MRP gene) overexpression on the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) . METHODS Paraffin-embedded cancer tissues from 47 cases of NSCLC who had undergone radical resection were determined for expression of MRP gene mRNA by in situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry and all the patients had been followed up. RESULTS All of 47 lung cancer specimen were found to have overexpression of MRP gene mRNA and the overexpression was closely related to survival time and recurrence or metastasis after surgery , but not to the clinical pathological factors. CONCLUSIONS MRP gene is related with the prognosis of lung cancer patients and may be regarded as indicator to predict the prognosis and to choose suitable chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery , Xinhua Hospital , Shanghai Second Medical University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
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Abstract
The practice of immunoassay has experienced a widespread transition from radioisotopic labeling to nonisotopic labeling over the last two decades. Radioisotope labels have drawbacks that hamper their applications: (i) perceived radiation hazards of reagents, (ii) regulatory requirements and disposal problems of working with radioactive materials, and (iii) short shelf-life of the labeled reagents. The advantage of isotopic labeling is the incorporation into analytes without altering structure or reactivity, as is often the case with ELISA or fluorescent detection systems. We developed a format for isotope label immunoassay with the long-life isotope (14)C as the label and accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) as the detection system. AMS quantifies attomole levels of several isotopes, including (14)C. With this exquisite sensitivity, the sensitivity of an immunoassay is limited by the K(d) of the antibody and not the detection system. The detection limit of the assays for atrazine and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was 2.0 x 10(-10) M and 2.0 x 10(-11) M, respectively, approximately an order of magnitude below the standard enzyme immunoassay. Notably, <1 dpm (0.45 pCi) of (14)C-labeled compound was used in each assay, which is well below the limit of disposal (50 nCi per g) as nonradioactive waste. Thus, endogenous reporter ligands quantified by AMS provide the advantages of an RIA without the associated problems of radioactive waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shan
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Shan G, Zhong H, Zhang F. [Expression and prognostic significance of multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) gene in non-small cell lung cancer by in situ hybridization]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2000; 22:27-9. [PMID: 11776590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of MRP gene overexpression on prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Paraffin-embedded tissues from 47 cases of NSCLC who had undergone radical tumor resection were examined for expression of MRP gene mRNA by in situ hybridization using labelled digoxigenin probes combined with immunohistochemistry. All the patients were retrospectively followed-up. RESULTS All of the 47 lung cancer specimens were found to have overexpression of MRP mRNA. It was significantly correlated with patients' survival period, response to chemotherapy, recurrence and mestastases after surgery, but was not correlated with histology, tumor size, node status, TNM stage, degree of differentiation, age and sex. CONCLUSION Overexpression of MRP gene is a marker of prognostic significance in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Shan G, Yining H, Xia H, Yicheng Z, Bo W, Shunwei L. Transcranial Doppler characteristics in persistent vegetative status, locked-in syndrome and brain death. Chin Med Sci J 1999; 14:211-4. [PMID: 12894893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Comparison of the transcranial Doppler (TCD) characteristics of cerebral circulation in persistent vegetative status (PVS), locked-in syndrome and brain death patients. METHODS Using TCD ultrasound to detect the flow velocity and waveform patterns of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and basilar artery (BA) in patients with PVS, locked-in syndrome and brain death. RESULTS The mean velocities of middle cerebral artery (Vmca) and basilar artery (Vba) were 30.0 cm/s and 24.3 cm/s in PVS patients respectively, which decreased 45.0% and 14.4% in comparing with normal value. For patients with locked-in syndrome, Vmca and Vba were 49.7 cm/s and 9.8 cm/s, which decreased 5.0% and 61.7% than the normal value respectively. These results showed that the decrease of anterior circulation was predominant in PVS, and the decrease of posterior circulation was predominant in locked-in syndrome. A unique diastolic reverse flow, short peak systolic wave or undetectable flow signal in middle cerebral artery were predominant in brain death patients, which was completely different from that of either PVS or locked-in syndrome. CONCLUSION TCD was a valuable tool in distinguishing PVS, locked-in syndrome and brain death patients according to the differences in velocities and patterns of anterior and posterior cerebral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing 100730
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Shan G, Wang X, Qiu C, Ren C, Li H, Wang P, Wu Z, Liao S, Li X, Tong S, Zhang K. [A study on relationship between hypertension and polymorphism of ACE gene in male Yi people in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture, Sichuan]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1999; 33:346-7. [PMID: 11864506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore relationship between polymorphism of ACE gene and hypertension. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted and PCR technique was used to analyze gene polymorphism. RESULTS Genotypes DD, ID and II of ACE gene accounted for 13.0% and 9.7%, 50.9% and 48.4%, and 36.1% and 41.9%, respectively, in the normotensives and hypertensives. Frequencies of I and D alleles for ACE gene were 61.6% and 66.1%, and 38.4% and 33.9%, respectively, in the normotensives and hypertensives. There was no significant difference in distribution of II, ID and DD genotypes and I/D allele frequencies of ACE gene between the hypertensives and normotensives in male Yi people. CONCLUSION Association between polymorphism of ACE gene and hypertension was uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shan
- Department of Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005
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Shan G, Wengatz I, Stoutamire DW, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of esfenvalerate metabolites in human urine. Chem Res Toxicol 1999; 12:1033-41. [PMID: 10563828 DOI: 10.1021/tx990091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pyrethroids are one of the most heavily used insecticide classes in the world. Sensitive and rapid analytical techniques are needed for assessments of human exposure to these compounds. Highly sensitive and selective ELISAs for glycine conjugates of esfenvalerate key metabolites phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) and s-fenvalerate acid (sFA) were developed. Rabbits were immunized with either N-(3-phenoxybenzoyl)-4-amino-L-phenylalanine-fetuin or N-[(S)-4-chloro-2-(methylethyl)benzeneacetyl]-4-amino-L-phenyla lan ine -fetuin, and all sera were screened against numerous coating antigens. The antibodies with the least interference and best sensitivity were optimized and characterized. The I(50)s for sFA-glycine and PBA-glycine in buffer were found to be 0.40 +/- 0.12 microg/L (1.47 +/- 0.44 nmol/L) and 0.42 +/- 0.18 microg/L (1.56 +/- 0.67 nmol/L), respectively. Both assays exhibited high selectivity. Little or no cross reactivity to the parent compound and other metabolites was measured. The matrix effects of urine were investigated. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) strategies were used in an attempt to decrease the matrix effects and increase the sensitivity of the overall method. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for both sFA-glycine and PBA-glycine in urine with SPE is 1.0 microg/L (3.70 nmol/L). These assays could be used as markers of exposure for monitoring biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shan
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Wu Z, Wu H, Wang Q, Zhaori G, Wang C, Liang Z, Shan G, Cui S, Pan L, Zheng J, Zuo Q, Zhang Y, Zhang K. [A case-control study on Guillain-Barre syndrome in children of North China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1999; 33:279-81. [PMID: 11864491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at exploring the risk factors for Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). METHODS A case-control study design was used with 51 cases of GBS, diagnosed based on their symptoms, signs and electrophysiological examinations and exclusion of poliomyelitis and other acute flaccid paralysis, and 51 controls matched on age, sex and resident village. Serum IgG antibodies specific for Campylobacter jejuni were determined for all the subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a preparation of surface antigen of C. jejuni C(1) strain isolated from the patients and prevalent in north China. Each case and control were interviewed with his/her parents or guardians by a trained interviewer using an ad hoc questionnaire, including his/her demographic information, socioeconomic status, onset of the illness, and potential risk factors in their environment and personal hygiene. Data were analyzed with SAS software release 6.04 in a microcomputer. RESULTS GBS was associated with a few factors, such as residential areas (45 of the 51 cases living in the rural areas, accounting for 88.2% of the total), polio and hepatitis B vaccine immunization before onset of the illness (with ORs of 7.27 and 3.14, respectively), no hand washing after defecation and before meals (with an OR of 6.15) and getting cold and going to the river or lake site before onset of the illness (with ORs of 13.75 and 12.20, respectively). Infection with Campylobacter jejuni associated strongly with the illness (with an OR of 9.5, P < 0.001). Thirty-five of the 51 cases had precursor symptoms before onset of the illness (68.6%). CONCLUSION It suggests that occurrence of GBS may correlate to infection with Campylobacter jejuni and poor personal hygiene in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005
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Shan G, Stoutamire DW, Wengatz I, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. Development of an immunoassay for the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:2145-2155. [PMID: 10552511 DOI: 10.1021/jf981210m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate. Two haptens containing amine or propanoic acid groups on the terminal aromatic ring of the fenvalerate molecule were synthesized and coupled to carrier proteins as immunogens. Five antisera were produced and screened against eight different coating antigens. The assay that had the least interference and was the most sensitive for esfenvalerate was optimized and characterized. The I(50) for esfenvalerate was 30 +/- 6.2 microg/L, and the lower detection limit (LDL) was 3.0 +/- 1.8 microg/L. The assay was very selective. Other pyrethroid analogues and esfenvalerate metabolites tested did not cross-react significantly in this assay. To increase the sensitivity of the overall method, a C(18) sorbent-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used for water matrix. With this SPE step, the LDL of the overall method for esfenvalerate was 0.1 microg/L in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shan
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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