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Conci N, Grilli G, Dall’Olio FG. Principles of medical and oncological management of giant masses of the mediastinum: a narrative review. Mediastinum 2022; 6:35. [PMID: 36582971 PMCID: PMC9792870 DOI: 10.21037/med-21-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Giant mediastinal tumors are represented by well-defined histological variants originating from different structures and compartments while their clinical presentation may be similar and characterized by the same set of symptoms, the well-known mediastinal syndrome (MS). In 80% of cases the MS is caused by malignant neoplasms, such as lung tumors, in 10-18% of cases by hematological neoplasms and in 2-3% by benign causes. In this review we investigated the medical treatment of main giant mediastinal tumors, focusing our interest on the objective response rate (ORR), as it represents the most suitable parameter to predict the volumetric reduction of the neoplasm and, consequently, the regression of their most severe complication, the MS. We will also cover the supportive and symptomatic treatment of MS. Methods We performed a deep analysis of the recent international literature published on PUBMED, UpToDate and Medline. The literature search was undertaken from origin until November 30th, 2021, and we only considered publications in English. Key Content and Findings Considering the variety of pathologies that can occur in the mediastinum, a rapid histological characterization of the neoplasm is mandatory. In fact, the treatment of these neoplasms includes different approaches, sometimes used in combination, which include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. The vena cava syndrome (VCS), due to its high mortality, is considered an oncological emergency and, therefore, requires effective treatments carried out urgently, evaluated in multidisciplinary meeting. Conclusions The treatment of MS includes both antiblastic treatments and therapies directed to the symptoms. Among the former, chemotherapy, target therapy, radiation and surgery may be used, according to the etiology of MS. Among the latters, supportive therapies, interventional radiology procedures such as stenting may help manage this syndrome, despite the prognosis is poor in most cases and linked to the histology of the tumor, which therefore represents the most important prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Conci
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, Bologna, Italy;,Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Grilli
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, Bologna, Italy;,Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo G. Dall’Olio
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, Bologna, Italy;,Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy;,Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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2
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Dall’Olio FG, Parisi C, Marcolin L, Brocchi S, Caramella C, Conci N, Carpani G, Gelsomino F, Ardizzoni S, Marchese PV, Paccapelo A, Grilli G, Golfieri R, Besse B, Ardizzoni A. Monitoring tumor growth rate to predict immune checkpoint inhibitors’ treatment outcome in advanced NSCLC. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359211058391. [PMID: 35173818 PMCID: PMC8842375 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211058391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Radiological response assessment to immune checkpoint inhibitor is challenging due to atypical pattern of response and commonly used RECIST 1.1 criteria do not take into account the kinetics of tumor behavior. Our study aimed at evaluating the tumor growth rate (TGR) in addition to RECIST 1.1 criteria to assess the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods: Tumor real volume was calculated with a dedicated computed tomography (CT) software that semi-automatically assess tumor volume. Target lesions were identified according to RECIST 1.1. For each patient, we had 3 measurement of tumor volume. CT-1 was performed 8–12 weeks before ICI start, the CT at baseline for ICI was CT0, while CT + 1 was the first assessment after ICI. We calculated the percentage increase in tumor volume before (TGR1) and after immunotherapy (TGR2). Finally, we compared TGR1 and TGR2. If no progressive disease (PD), the group was disease control (DC). If PD but TGR2 < TGR1, it was called LvPD and if TGR2 ⩾ TGR1, HvPD. Results: A total of 61 patients who received ICIs and 33 treated with chemotherapy (ChT) were included. In ICI group, 18 patients were HvPD, 22 LvPD, 21 DC. Median OS was 4.4 months (95% CI: 2.0–6.8, reference) for HvPD, 7.1 months (95% CI 5.4–8.8) for LvPD, p = 0.018, and 20.9 months (95% CI: 12.5–29.3) for DC, p < 0.001. In ChT group, 7 were categorized as HvPD, 17 as LvPD and 9 as DC. No difference in OS was observed in the ChT group (p = 0.786) Conclusion: In the presence of PD, a decrease in TGR may result in a clinical benefit in patients treated with ICI but not with chemotherapy. Monitoring TGR changes after ICIs administration can help physician in deciding to treat beyond PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo G. Dall’Olio
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudia Parisi
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Marcolin
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Brocchi
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caroline Caramella
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Nicole Conci
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Carpani
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ardizzoni
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Valeria Marchese
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandro Paccapelo
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Grilli
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Golfieri
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Comito F, Pagani R, Grilli G, Sperandi F, Ardizzoni A, Melotti B. Emerging Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Treatment of Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:271. [PMID: 35053435 PMCID: PMC8773625 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma has radically changed in the past decade. Nevertheless, primary or acquired resistance to systemic treatment occurs in many cases, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies. This review has the purpose of summarizing the current area of interest for the treatment of metastatic or unresectable advanced cutaneous melanoma, including data from recently completed or ongoing clinical trials. The main fields of investigation include the identification of new immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-LAG3, GITR agonist and anti-TIGIT), adoptive cell therapy, vaccines, engineered TCR therapy, IL-2 agonists, novel targets for targeted therapy (new MEK or RAF inhibitors, HDAC, IDO, ERK, Axl, ATR and PARP inhibitors), or combination strategies (antiangiogenetic agents plus immune checkpoint inhibitors, intra-tumoral immunotherapy in combination with systemic therapy). In many cases, only preliminary efficacy data from early phase trials are available, which require confirmation in larger patient cohorts. A more in-depth knowledge of the biological effects of the molecules and identifying predictive biomarkers remain crucial for selecting patient populations most likely to benefit from novel emerging treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Comito
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni, 15-40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (F.S.); (A.A.); (B.M.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rachele Pagani
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni, 15-40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (F.S.); (A.A.); (B.M.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Grilli
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni, 15-40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (F.S.); (A.A.); (B.M.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperandi
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni, 15-40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (F.S.); (A.A.); (B.M.)
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni, 15-40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (F.S.); (A.A.); (B.M.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Melotti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni, 15-40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (F.S.); (A.A.); (B.M.)
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Dall'Olio F, Parisi C, Marcolin L, Brocchi S, Caramella C, Conci N, Carpani G, Gelsomino F, Ardizzoni S, Marchese P, Paccapelo A, Grilli G, Golfieri R, Besse B, Ardizzoni A. 1355P Monitoring tumor growth rate to predict immune checkpoint inhibitors’ treatment outcome in advanced NSCLC. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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5
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Gelsomino F, Di Federico A, Tardio ML, Grilli G, D'Errico A, Ardizzoni A, Salvagni S. Drug-induced colitis on BRAF and MEK inhibitors for BRAF V600E-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a case report. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:190-193. [PMID: 34436699 PMCID: PMC8763820 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors has deeply changed the treatment of BRAF V600-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients. These agents demonstrated high antitumor activity as well as safe and manageable toxicity profile. Hypertension, pyrexia and increased liver enzymes are the most common adverse events. Gastrointestinal toxicities are rare, and mainly consist of mild grade vomiting and diarrhea. CASE REPORT We report the case of 70-year-old man affected by BRAF V600-mutant NSCLC with bilateral lung and bone metastases. First-line treatment with encorafenib (450 mg once daily) and binimetinib (45 mg twice daily) was administered within a clinical trial. At the first radiological assessment, computed tomography (CT) scan showed a partial response and signs of intestinal inflammation were reported. The investigational treatment was timely withheld. The subsequent colonoscopy demonstrated the presence of ulcerative lesions at the caecal tract, and the histological diagnosis suggested a drug-induced colitis. No specific treatment was given as the patient did not report abdominal disturbances. Forty-five days after treatment interruption a new CT scan showed the resolution of bowel inflammation and investigational treatment was resumed at the same doses. The patient is still alive and free of toxicity recurrence after 11 months from treatment initiation. Conclusion. Severe gastrointestinal toxicities are uncommon with BRAF and MEK inhibitors, although cases of colitis and intestinal perforation have already been reported in literature. The pathogenesis seems to be related to the MAPK pathway inhibition performed by MEK inhibitors. These adverse events should be accounted given the potential to evolve into life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gelsomino
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Di Federico
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Tardio
- Anatomy and Histopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Grilli
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonietta D'Errico
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Anatomy and Histopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Salvagni
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Toniolo M, Grilli G, Proclemer A, Rebellato L, Muser D, Daleffe E, Facchin D. Oral procainamide as pharmacological treatment of recurrent and refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
The antiarrhythmic therapy of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias in patients having undergone catheter ablation and in whom amiodarone and/or beta blockers were ineffective or contraindicated, is a controversial issue.
Purpose
The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of oral procainamide in patients with recurrent ventricular arrhythmias, when the standard therapy strategy failed.
Methods
All patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) treated with oral procainamide for recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) in our institution between January 2010 and May 2019 were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the total number of ICD interventions after the beginning of procainamide therapy. Secondary endpoints were total number of VTs and VFs recorded on the ICDs controls, and discontinuation of therapy. The events occurring during procainamide treatment were compared with a matched duration period before the initiation of therapy with procainamide. Patients therefore served as self-controls.
Results
A total of 33 consecutive patients (31 males, 93.3%; mean age 73.3 ± 10 years) were included in the retrospective analysis. The mean time of procainamide treatment was 12.5 ± 13.5 months. The mean dose of procainamide was 1194 ± 495 mg/die. Procainamide therapy significantly decreased ICD interventions (DC shock: 102 vs 132; anti-tachycardia pacing: 418 vs 603; 12 patients manifested DC shock after the beginning of treatment vs 25 patients before treatment). Procainamide also decreased the total number of VT/VF episodes (514 vs 1078 episodes) [p < 0,01]. Only 2 patients (6%) presented severe side effects (hypothension) requiring discontinuation of therapy.
Conclusions
Procainamide was associated with a significant decrease of ICD therapies and ventricular arrhythmias showing an optimal profile of tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toniolo
- University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Division of Cardiology, Udine, Italy
| | - G Grilli
- University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Division of Cardiology, Udine, Italy
| | - A Proclemer
- University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Division of Cardiology, Udine, Italy
| | - L Rebellato
- University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Division of Cardiology, Udine, Italy
| | - D Muser
- University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Division of Cardiology, Udine, Italy
| | - E Daleffe
- University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Division of Cardiology, Udine, Italy
| | - D Facchin
- University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Division of Cardiology, Udine, Italy
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Ávila G, De Leonardis D, Grilli G, Lecchi C, Ceciliani F. Anti-inflammatory activity of citrus pectin on chicken monocytes' immune response. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 237:110269. [PMID: 34023617 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a dietary fibre composed of galacturonic acid, primarily found in the citrus fruits' cell walls. Citrus pectin (CP) has demonstrated antioxidative, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties in humans and animals. In broilers, CP supplementation improves energy utilization and nutrient digestibility, but limited information on its effects on chicken immunity is available so far. This study aimed to assess the in vitro impact of CP on chicken monocytes' immune response. Cells were purified from whole blood of healthy chickens and incubated with increasing concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 mg/mL) of CP to determine CP working concentration. The effects of different CP concentrations on cells' apoptosis and viability were assessed by measuring caspase-3 and -7 and the cells' metabolic activity (MTT assay), respectively. CP had no dose-dependent effect on monocyte apoptosis and viability.Then, the effects of CP (0.5 mg/mL) on chicken monocytes' chemotaxis and phagocytosis were assessed by measuring transwell migration and fluorescein-labelled E. coli incorporation, respectively. CP inhibited both monocytes' chemotaxis and phagocytosis.These data demonstrate that CP exerts an immunomodulatory role in chicken monocytes, supporting its integration in nutrition strategies that might be beneficial for the animal's immunity and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ávila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
| | - D De Leonardis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - G Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - C Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - F Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
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Rizzo A, Mollica V, Santoni M, Rosellini M, Marchetti A, Ricci AD, Grilli G, Greco A, Montironi R, Ardizzoni A, Massari F. Comparative effectiveness of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors according to IMDC risk groups in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:783-793. [PMID: 33906376 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations have become the new standard of primary systemic treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. We performed a meta-analysis aimed at evaluating ICIs plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combinations across International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) risk groups. Materials & methods: All the relevant randomized clinical trials were retrieved through Cochrane library, PubMed/Med and EMBASE; three Phase III randomized clinical trials were included. Results: ICI-TKI combinations significantly decreased the risk of death in IMDC poor- and intermediate-risk patients. Conversely, a nonstatistically significant benefit was observed in favorable-risk patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that IMDC poor-risk patients benefit most from ICI-TKI combinations, while a proportion of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients could respond to targeted agent monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | | | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Giada Grilli
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Alba Greco
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
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9
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Dall'Olio FG, Gelsomino F, Conci N, Marcolin L, De Giglio A, Grilli G, Sperandi F, Fontana F, Terracciano M, Fragomeno B, Tober N, Manferrari G, Brocchi S, Golfieri R, Fiorentino M, Ardizzoni A. PD-L1 Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells as a Promising Prognostic Biomarker in Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Clin Lung Cancer 2021; 22:423-431. [PMID: 33849808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a promising source of biological information in cancer. Data correlating PD-L1 expression in CTCs with patients' response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still lacking. METHODS This is a prospective single-center cohort study enrolling patients with advanced NSCLC. CTCs were identified and counted with the CellSearch system. PD-L1 expression on CTCs was assessed with phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-human PD-L1 antibody, clone MIH3 (BioLegend, USA). Primary endpoint was the correlation between the CTCs PD-L1 expression and overall survival (OS). Among secondary objectives, we evaluated the correlation between PD-L1 expression on CTCs and matched tumor tissue and the correlation of CTC number and baseline tumor size (BTS). RESULTS Thirty-nine patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents as second- or third-line therapy were enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups: no CTC detectable (CTCnull, n = 15), PD-L1 positive CTC (CTCpos, n = 13), and PD-L1 negative CTC (CTCneg, n = 11). Median OS in patients with CTCneg was 2.2 months, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8-3.6 (reference) versus 3.7 months, 95% CI, 0.1-7.5 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.33; 95% CI, 0.13-0.83; P = .019) in patients with CTCpos versus 16.0 months, 95% CI, 2.2-29.8 (HR 0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.45; P< .001) in patients with CTCnull. No correlation was found between PD-L1 expression on CTCs and on tumor tissue. CTC number was correlated with BTS. CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression on CTCs is a promising biomarker in patients with NSCLC treated with ICIs. Further validation as predictive biomarker is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo G Dall'Olio
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicole Conci
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Marcolin
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea De Giglio
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Grilli
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperandi
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Benedetta Fragomeno
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nastassja Tober
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Manferrari
- Department of Genetics, Environment, and Evolution (GEE), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Brocchi
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Golfieri
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Dall'Olio FG, Conci N, Rossi G, Fiorentino M, De Giglio A, Grilli G, Altimari A, Gruppioni E, Filippini DM, Di Federico A, Nuvola G, Ardizzoni A. Comparison of Sequential Testing and Next Generation Sequencing in advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma patients - A single centre experience. Lung Cancer 2020; 149:5-9. [PMID: 32932213 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Molecular diagnosis determines therapeutic strategies for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer - adenocarcinoma (NSCLC-A) but depends on resources availability. We compared a sequential single-gene testing algorithm to next generation sequencing in NSCLC-A to assess differences in terms of effectiveness, costs, tissue consumption and time. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed a retrospective cohort of advanced NSCLC-A patients treated at the Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital. The sequential testing includes a first analysis of EGFR and KRAS status with further molecular testing physician driven. The available NGS panel detects 35 hotspot mutations,19 amplifications and 23 rearrangements. RESULTS We included 1758 patients; 1221 characterized with the sequential algorithm between January 2014 to February 2019 and 537 with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) until January 2020. The prevalence of EGFR, ALK and KRAS alterations was similar between the stepwise and NGS group (16.5% vs 14.3%, 6.3% vs 6.3% and 36% vs 33.5%, respectively). Differently, ROS-1 rearrangements prevalence was higher in stepwise respect to NGS group (4.7% vs 0.7%). Similarly, the stepwise group presented higher prevalence than NGS for MET amplification (11.2% vs 2.2%), MET mutations (9.0% vs 2.4%), HER2 amplification (3.3% vs 1.9%) and mutations (9.8% vs 3.0%), and BRAF mutations (4.5% vs 5.6%). Among the NGS group other mutations were found in 141 patients (26.3%) and the presence of concurrent mutations in 131 (24.4%). The stepwise algorithm presented a relevant dropout rate that increased at each step, with 11.4%, 16.4% and 49.3% respectively for ALK, ROS1 and other analysis. Sequential testing's expenditure was 1375 € per patient, vs 770 € for NGS. Moreover, NGS testing can be performed with just a 25 μm slide respect to an estimated 33.3 μm slide for sequential strategy. CONCLUSION NGS offered a less expensive and more reliable model of diagnosis respect to sequential one for patients affected by NSCLC-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo G Dall'Olio
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicole Conci
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL della Romagna, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea De Giglio
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Grilli
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Altimari
- Pathology Service, Addarii Institute of Oncology, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Gruppioni
- Pathology Service, Addarii Institute of Oncology, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria M Filippini
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Federico
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Nuvola
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Gelfo V, Romaniello D, Mazzeschi M, Sgarzi M, Grilli G, Morselli A, Manzan B, Rihawi K, Lauriola M. Roles of IL-1 in Cancer: From Tumor Progression to Resistance to Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176009. [PMID: 32825489 PMCID: PMC7503335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1 belongs to a family of 11 members and is one of the seven receptor-agonists with pro-inflammatory activity. Beyond its biological role as a regulator of the innate immune response, IL-1 is involved in stress and chronic inflammation, therefore it is responsible for several pathological conditions. In particular, IL-1 is known to exert a critical function in malignancies, influencing the tumor microenvironment and promoting cancer initiation and progression. Thus, it orchestrates immunosuppression recruiting pro-tumor immune cells of myeloid origin. Furthermore, new recent findings showed that this cytokine can be directly produced by tumor cells in a positive feedback loop and contributes to the failure of targeted therapy. Activation of anti-apoptotic signaling pathways and senescence are some of the mechanisms recently proposed, but the role of IL-1 in tumor cells refractory to standard therapies needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Gelfo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (D.R.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (B.M.)
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (D.R.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (B.M.)
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzeschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (D.R.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Michela Sgarzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (D.R.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Giada Grilli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (D.R.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Alessandra Morselli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (D.R.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Beatrice Manzan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (D.R.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Karim Rihawi
- Department of Oncology, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (D.R.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (A.M.); (B.M.)
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-4118
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12
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Gelsomino F, Lamberti G, Tiseo M, Rocco D, Pasello G, Cecere FL, Chella A, Grilli G, Mandruzzato M, Tognetto M, Garassino MC, Macerelli M, Novello S, Roila F, Colantonio I, Grossi F, Fiorentino M, Ardizzoni A. Atezolizumab in a CoHort of pretreated, advanced, non-small cell lung cancer patients with rare HistologiCal SubtypEs (CHANCE trial). Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920915983. [PMID: 32733604 PMCID: PMC7372524 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920915983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has profoundly changed the therapeutic scenario in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), trials of ICIs only enrolled NSCLC patients with common histology. Atezolizumab was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in October 2016 and by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in September 2017 for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose disease progressed during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy, regardless of PD-L1 expression. Methods We designed a single-arm, multicenter, two-stage phase II study and plan to enroll 43 patients. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the antitumor activity of atezolizumab in advanced NSCLC patients with rare histology subtypes. Patients with prior atezolizumab or ICI treatment and with untreated, symptomatic, or progressing brain metastases will be excluded. The primary endpoint is disease control rate. Secondary objectives are toxicity and safety, overall response rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, and time to progression. Diagnosis of NSCLC with rare histology will be confirmed by central pathology revision, and will include: colloid carcinoma, fetal adenocarcinoma, non-endocrine large cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, salivary gland-type tumor, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, and NUT-nuclear protein in testis carcinoma. Archival tumor tissue is required for correlative studies of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusions Therapeutic options in NSCLC with rare histology subtypes, to be assessed in specifically designed trials, are an unmet need. This trial will help elucidate the role of atezolizumab as a viable option in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gelsomino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Danilo Rocco
- Onco-Pneumology Unit, AORN Monaldi-Cotugno Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Chella
- Pneumology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giada Grilli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Michele Tognetto
- Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Macerelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Luigi Gonzaga di Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Fausto Roila
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ida Colantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Francesco Grossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Tolosi R, Apostolakos I, Laconi A, Carraro L, Grilli G, Cagnardi P, Piccirillo A. Rapid detection and quantification of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 to mcr-5) by real-time PCR in bacterial and environmental samples. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1523-1529. [PMID: 32510809 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to validate a rapid method to detect and quantify colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 to mcr-5) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in diverse matrices. METHODS AND RESULTS The detection limit of two newly designed SYBR Green real-time PCR assays for mcr-4 and mcr-5 and of previously published protocols for mcr-1 to mcr-3 was assessed using serial dilutions of reference strains. The assays could detect all five mcr genes with the lower limit of 102 copy numbers. Escherichia coli isolates (n = 1062) and environmental samples (n = 93) were tested for the presence of mcr genes. The assays enabled the detection of colistin resistance genes both in bacterial isolates and in complex environmental samples. CONCLUSIONS This method represents a set of sensitive, rapid and effective assays for the screening of colistin resistance directly from the environment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Colistin is an antimicrobial commonly used in animals and has recently emerged as a last-resort treatment in humans. Plasmid-mediated mcr genes confer resistance to colistin and represent a major threat for public health since they can be easily disseminated through horizontal gene transfer. The rapid and sensitive detection of mcr genes is of utmost necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tolosi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - I Apostolakos
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Laconi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - L Carraro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - G Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - P Cagnardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - A Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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14
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Banerjee E, Griffith J, Kenyon C, Christianson B, Strain A, Martin K, McMahon M, Bagstad E, Laine E, Hardy K, Grilli G, Walters J, Dunn D, Roddy M, Ehresmann K. Containing a measles outbreak in Minnesota, 2017: methods and challenges. Perspect Public Health 2019; 140:162-171. [PMID: 31480896 DOI: 10.1177/1757913919871072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We report on a measles outbreak largely occurring in Minnesota's under-vaccinated Somali community in the spring of 2017. The outbreak was already into its third generation when the first two cases were confirmed, and rapid public health actions were needed. The aim of our response was to quickly end transmission and contain the outbreak. METHODS The state public health department performed laboratory testing on suspect cases and activated an Incident Command staffed by subject matter experts that was operational within 2 h of case confirmation. Epidemiologic interviews identified exposures in settings where risk of transmission was high, that is, healthcare, childcare, and school settings. Vaccination status of exposed persons was assessed, and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) was offered, if applicable. Exposed persons who did not receive PEP were excluded from childcare centers or schools for 21 days. An accelerated statewide measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) recommendation was made for Somali Minnesota children and children in affected outbreak counties. Partnerships with the Somali Minnesota community were deepened, building off outreach work done with the community since 2008. RESULTS Public health identified 75 measles cases from 30 March to 25 August 2017: 43% were female, 81% Somali Minnesotan, 91% unvaccinated, and 28% hospitalized. The median age of cases was 2 years (range: 3 months-57 years). Most transmission (78%) occurred in childcare centers and households. A secondary attack rate of 91% was calculated for unvaccinated household contacts. Over 51,000 doses of MMR were administered during the outbreak above expected baseline. At least 8490 individuals were exposed to measles; 155 individuals received PEP; and over 500 persons were excluded from childcare and school. State and key public health partners spent an estimated $2.3 million on response. CONCLUSION This outbreak demonstrates the necessity of immediate, targeted disease control actions and strong public health, healthcare, and community partnerships to end a measles outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Banerjee
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Prevention and Control, Minnesota Department of Health, 625 Robert St. N., St. Paul, MN 55164, USA
| | - J Griffith
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - C Kenyon
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - A Strain
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - K Martin
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - M McMahon
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - E Bagstad
- Hennepin County Human Services and Public Health, Hopkins, MN, USA
| | - E Laine
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - K Hardy
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - G Grilli
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - J Walters
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - D Dunn
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - M Roddy
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - K Ehresmann
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
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15
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Gelfo V, Mazzeschi M, Grilli G, Lindzen M, Santi S, D'Uva G, Győrffy B, Ardizzoni A, Yarden Y, Lauriola M. A Novel Role for the Interleukin-1 Receptor Axis in Resistance to Anti-EGFR Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E355. [PMID: 30261609 PMCID: PMC6210663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab (CTX) is a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), commonly used to treat patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Unfortunately, objective remissions occur only in a minority of patients and are of short duration, with a population of cells surviving the treatment and eventually enabling CTX resistance. Our previous study on CRC xenopatients associated poor response to CTX with increased abundance of a set of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the interleukins IL-1A, IL-1B and IL-8. Stemming from these observations, our current work aimed to assess the role of IL-1 pathway activity in CTX resistance. We employed a recombinant decoy TRAP IL-1, a soluble protein combining the human immunoglobulin Fc portion linked to the extracellular region of the IL-1-receptor (IL-1R1), able to sequester IL-1 directly from the medium. We generated stable clones expressing and secreting a functional TRAP IL-1 into the culture medium. Our results show that IL-1R1 inhibition leads to a decreased cell proliferation and a dampened MAPK and AKT axes. Moreover, CRC patients not responding to CTX blockage displayed higher levels of IL-1R1 than responsive subjects, and abundant IL-1R1 is predictive of survival in patient datasets specifically for the consensus molecular subtype 1 (CMS1). We conclude that IL-1R1 abundance may represent a therapeutic marker for patients who become refractory to monoclonal antibody therapy, while inhibition of IL-1R1 by TRAP IL-1 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Gelfo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Martina Mazzeschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giada Grilli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Spartaco Santi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS-Istitute Orthopaedic Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy.
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Tűzoltó utca 7⁻9, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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16
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Ellis JR, Burt GJ, Grilli G, McCully Phillips SR, Catchpole TL, Maxwell DL. At-vessel mortality of skates (Rajidae) taken in coastal fisheries and evidence of longer-term survival. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:1702-1719. [PMID: 29675895 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Data on the vigour and at-vessel mortality (AVM) of 6798 skates (comprising Raja clavata n = 6295; R. brachyura n = 208; R. undulata n = 185, R. montagui n = 98 and R. microocellata n = 12) captured by commercial fishing vessels in the inshore waters of the southern North Sea and English Channel were recorded. AVM in longline fisheries averaged 0·44% across five vessels (0-1·47%), although skates were usually unhooked manually and did not usually pass through a bait-stripper. AVM in otter trawls averaged 0·76% (0-2·35%), from four vessels fishing with tow durations of <1·5 h (southern North Sea) or 1-4 h (English Channel). No AVM was noted for skates taken as a by-catch in drift trammel nets (soak times <4 h). Anchored tangle nets resulted in an overall AVM of 2·0-2·7%, but increased from 1·47% (13-28 h soak time) to 6·16% (42-53 h soak time). There were significant differences in the vigour of skates between gears, with R. clavata caught by longline and tangle nets in better condition than those captured by otter trawl or drift trammel net. Similarly, R. undulata caught by tangle net were in better condition than those caught by otter trawl. The vigour of R. undulata was also found to be higher than other skate species for both trawl and tangle net. In total, 5283 skates were tagged with Petersen discs and released, with recapture rates for the various combinations of vessel and gear ranging up to 24·8% for R. clavata. Whilst confirming a degree of post-release survival, quantitative estimates of post-release mortality for skates remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - G J Burt
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - G Grilli
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
- Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - S R McCully Phillips
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - T L Catchpole
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - D L Maxwell
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
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17
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Grilli G, Longo S, Huais PY, Pereyra M, Verga E, Urcelay C, Galetto L. Retraction notice to "Fungal diversity is negatively affected by habitat fragmentation: a meta-analysis" [Current Opinion in Microbiology 37 (2017) 61-66]. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 37:R1. [PMID: 29096911 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article that has already been published in <Current Opinion in Microbiology, 37, June 2017 61-66>, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2017.03.015 has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grilli
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S Longo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P Y Huais
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Pereyra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - E Verga
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Urcelay
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Galetto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
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Grilli G, Longo S, Huais PY, Pereyra M, Verga EG, Urcelay C, Galetto L. Fungal diversity at fragmented landscapes: synthesis and future perspectives. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 37:161-165. [PMID: 28965021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are organisms with important roles in ecosystem functioning and services, but knowledge about how habitat fragmentation affect fungal diversity is biased by experimental approaches and it is spread in different trophic groups. We analyzed the empirical evidences of fungal diversity in fragmented landscapes, and proposed future perspectives for the study of these organisms under land use changes. Fungal diversity might be negatively affected by habitat fragmentation; however, this trend may differ in magnitude depending on fungal groups and their nutritional habits. In addition, due to the fact that fungal diversity at fragmented landscapes has been studied mainly through few indicators (e.g. isolation, area and edge effect); we propose incorporating the landscape structure and accurate spatio-temporal scales to the study of fungal diversity responses to fragmented landscapes. Together, this methodological refinement may allow improving knowledge on fungi when designing proper strategies for landscape management.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grilli
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - S Longo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P Y Huais
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Pereyra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - E G Verga
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Urcelay
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Galetto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
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Grilli G, Longo S, Huais PY, Pereyra M, Verga E, Urcelay C, Galetto L. WITHDRAWN: Fungal diversity is negatively affected by habitat fragmentation: a meta-analysis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 37:61-66. [PMID: 28578292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article that has already been published in <Current Opinion in Microbiology, 37, June 2017 61-66>, 10.1016/j.mib.2017.03.015 has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error". The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grilli
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S Longo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P Y Huais
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Pereyra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - E Verga
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Urcelay
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Galetto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, FCEFyN (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
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Banco B, Grilli G, Giudice C, Marques AT, Cotti Cometti S, Visigalli G, Grieco V. Immunophenotyping of Rabbit Testicular Germ and Sertoli Cells Across Maturational Stages. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:715-726. [PMID: 27680667 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416669918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During testicular maturation, both Sertoli cells (SCs) and germ cells (GCs) switch from an immature to a mature immunophenotype. The reexpression of markers of immaturity in adults has been reported in cancer and in other testicular pathologies, in men as well as in animal species. Naturally affected with testicular cancer, rabbits have long been used in human reproductive research, but reports on the expression of testicular cell markers in this species are few and data about the immunophenotype of normal postnatal SCs and GCs are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunophenotype of SCs and GCs in the rabbit, from neonatal to adult age, using the antibodies anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), vimentin (VIM), CKAE1/AE3 (cytokeratins [CKs]), desmin (DES), inhibin alpha (INH-α), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. In SCs, VIM was constantly expressed, and AMH and CKs expression was limited to neonatal and prepubertal age, whereas DES, INH-α, PLAP, and PAS were constantly negative. GCs were negatively stained for PLAP, PAS, and for the other markers. Results revealed analogies with human testicular immunophenotype, suggesting that rabbits could represent a potential experimental model for the study of human testicular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Banco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
| | - G Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
| | - C Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
| | - A Tomas Marques
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
| | - S Cotti Cometti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
| | - G Visigalli
- Clinica Veterinaria Liana Blu, Varedo (MI), Italy (GV)
| | - V Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
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Velarde R, Cavadini P, Neimanis A, Cabezón O, Chiari M, Gaffuri A, Lavín S, Grilli G, Gavier-Widén D, Lavazza A, Capucci L. Spillover Events of Infection of Brown Hares (Lepus europaeus) with Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Type 2 Virus (RHDV2) Caused Sporadic Cases of an European Brown Hare Syndrome-Like Disease in Italy and Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1750-1761. [PMID: 27615998 PMCID: PMC5697611 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is a lagovirus that can cause fatal hepatitis (rabbit haemorrhagic disease, RHD) with mortality of 80–90% in farmed and wild rabbits. Since 1986, RHDV has caused outbreaks in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Europe, but never in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus, EBH). In 2010, a new RHDV‐related virus, called RHDV2, emerged in Europe, causing extended epidemics because it largely overcame the immunity to RHDV present in most rabbit populations. RHDV2 also was identified in Cape hare (Lepus capensis subsp. mediterraneus) and in Italian hare (Lepus corsicanus). Here, we describe two distinct incidents of RHDV2 infection in EBH that occurred in Italy (2012) and Spain (2014). The two RHDV2 strains caused macroscopic and microscopic lesions similar to European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) in hares, and they were genetically related to other RHDV2 strains in Europe. EBHs are common in Europe, often sharing habitat with rabbits. They likely have been exposed to high levels of RHDV2 during outbreaks in rabbits in recent years, yet only two incidents of RHDV2 in EBHs have been found in Italy and Spain, suggesting that EBHs are not a primary host. Instead, they may act as spillover hosts in situations when infection pressure is high and barriers between rabbits and hares are limited, resulting in occasional infections causing EBHS‐like lesions. The serological survey of stocked hare sera taken from Italian and Spanish hare populations provided an understanding of naturally occurring RHDV2 infection in the field confirming its sporadic occurrence in EBH. Our findings increase the knowledge on distribution, host range and epidemiology of RHDV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Velarde
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Cavadini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Neimanis
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Disease, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - O Cabezón
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Chiari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Gaffuri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Lavín
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Grilli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Gavier-Widén
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Disease, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Capucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease, Brescia, Italy
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Cesari V, Toschi I, Ferrazzi V, Cesari N, Grilli G, Lavazza A. Effect of weaning age and diet on growth performance, caecal characteristics and potential pathogenetic microflora in rabbits. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Cesari
- Istituto di Zootecnia Generale. Università di Milano, Italy
| | - I. Toschi
- Istituto di Zootecnia Generale. Università di Milano, Italy
| | - V. Ferrazzi
- Istituto di Zootecnia Generale. Università di Milano, Italy
| | - N. Cesari
- Istituto di Zootecnia Generale. Università di Milano, Italy
| | - G. Grilli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica VeterinariaUniversità di Milano, Italy
| | - A. Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Sede di Brescia, Italy
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Piccirillo A, Giovanardi D, Dotto G, Grilli G, Montesissa C, Boldrin C, Salata C, Giacomelli M. Antimicrobial resistance and class 1 and 2 integrons inEscherichia colifrom meat turkeys in Northern Italy. Avian Pathol 2014; 43:396-405. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.943690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cagnardi P, Ferraresi C, Lucatello L, Meucci V, Intorre L, Grilli G, Piccirillo A, Giacomelli M, Montesissa C. Enrofloxacin against Escherichia coli in turkeys: Which treatment scheme is effective? Poult Sci 2014; 93:1667-74. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ferraresi C, Lucatello L, Meucci V, Intorre L, Grilli G, Piccirillo A, Russo E, Villa R, Montesissa C, Cagnardi P. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of the efficacy of flumequine in treating colibacillosis in turkeys. Poult Sci 2013; 92:3158-65. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Perfetto F, Stoppino L, Calì A, Milillo P, Grilli G, Vinci R, Macarini L. Childhood Ataxia with Cerebral Hypomyelination Syndrome: A Variant of Patient with Early Childhood Onset Related to EIF2B3 Mutation. Neuroradiol J 2012; 25:81-4. [DOI: 10.1177/197140091202500111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination (CACH) syndrome is an autosomal recessive transmitted leukodystrophy characterised by early childhood onset and acute deterioration following febrile illnesses or head trauma. We describe the case of a child with early onset of CACH syndrome. He presented with cerebellar ataxia beginning around two years of age with mild mental retardation. MRI showed diffuse white matter signal changes with thinning of the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Perfetto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Foggia, “Ospedali Riuniti” Hospital; Foggia, Italy
| | - L.P. Stoppino
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Foggia, “Ospedali Riuniti” Hospital; Foggia, Italy
| | - A. Calì
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Ospedali Riuniti” Hospital; Foggia, Italy
| | - P. Milillo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Foggia, “Ospedali Riuniti” Hospital; Foggia, Italy
| | - G. Grilli
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Foggia, “Ospedali Riuniti” Hospital; Foggia, Italy
| | - R. Vinci
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Foggia, “Ospedali Riuniti” Hospital; Foggia, Italy
| | - L. Macarini
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Foggia, “Ospedali Riuniti” Hospital; Foggia, Italy
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Ricciardi W, Dirodi B, Bonanni P, Capri S, Castiglia P, Gabutti G, Gasparini R, Giorgi Rossi P, Grilli G, La Torre G. [Methodological aspects of clinical and economic impact of vaccine interventions and HTA. Focus on HPV vaccination]. Ann Ig 2011; 23:419-434. [PMID: 22403995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to analyze the methodological and technical aspects of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) as a tool for the clinical and economic impact of vaccine interventions, describe and comment the main studies at the national level, with a particular focus on HPV vaccination. The work was conducted in 3 phases: a) revision of the scientific literature, strictly linked to methodologies adopted in different studies on economic evaluations on HPV vaccines and analysis of Guidelines for building models for the economic assessment; b) analysis of the peculiarities and critical elements of economic evaluations in the field of vaccinology, from the clinical and epidemiological point of view, as well as the recognition of lack of knowledge on HPV infection dynamics; c) a comparative analysis of the two italian studies and of the results coming from them. Many differences between studies were found. Nevertheless, there is a general agreement on the economic profile of HPV vaccination for adolescent girls, if compared with the actual practice on the prevention of cervical carcinoma (pap-test screening). All the models showed a significant impact in terms of reduction of the incidence of cervical carcinoma and related mortality, in the long run, as well as a reduction of pre-cancer lesions and abnormal Pap tests. HTA approach has been recently recognized as a tool for decision making in vaccinology, and its methodologies and procedures are currently debated by public health experts. There is a strong need to continue the work in improving the model techniques of economic evaluations concerning HPV vaccination, as well as the adoption of homogeneous methods and standards, with the aim of helping the decision process in the field of Public Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ricciardi
- Istituto di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
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de Felice C, Toti P, Musarò M, Peruzzi L, Paffetti P, Pasqui L, Magaldi R, Bagnoli F, Rinaldi M, Rinaldi G, Grilli G, Tonni G, Latini G. Early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis in very-low-birth-weight infants with small thymus at birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 21:251-4. [DOI: 10.1080/14767050801927871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Berardi R, Grilli G, Romagnoli E, Saladino T, Freddari F, Tamburrano T, Galizia E, Carbonari G, Mariani C, Braconi C, Pierantoni C, Battelli N, Scartozzi M, Cascinu S. [Paraneoplastic syndromes: a review]. Clin Ter 2005; 156:281-8. [PMID: 16463565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Modern oncology often obtains good results against earlier neoplasms, whilst it's still in difficulties against the advanced ones. The knowledge of paraneoplastic syndromes is crucial both to cure patients and to do an earlier diagnosis. When we recognize a paraneoplastic syndrome that comes before the clinic beginning of a neoplasm, perhaps we save a life. This review discusses all the main paraneoplastic syndromes, focusing mainly on their clinical aspect and reminding the most commonly associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Berardi
- Clinica di Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italia.
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Giordano C, Weigt A, Vercelli A, Rondena M, Grilli G, Giudice C. Immunohistochemical identification of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in phacoclastic uveitis in four rabbits. Vet Ophthalmol 2005; 8:271-5. [PMID: 16008708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2005.00394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a microsporidium with a wide range of mammalian hosts. In rabbits it can be responsible for cataract and lens-induced uveitis (LIU). The aim of this study was to provide specific immunohistochemical demonstration and localization of E. cuniculi within the eye, in rabbits with LIU. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four rabbits were presented with a white mass in the eye and iris discoloration. Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed and a presumptive diagnosis of LIU was made in all cases. Initial therapy with a topical steroid, atropine and systemic enrofloxacin was instituted while serologic (IFA or ICA tests) and cytologic lab results were pending. The final outcome in all cases was enucleation. Routine histology and immunohistochemistry (ABC method) with an antiserum anti-Encephalitozoon cuniculi were performed. RESULTS Indirect immunofluorescence performed on one rabbit serum expressed a titer of 1 : 32; carbon immunoassay on the serum of the other three rabbits expressed a titer of 1 : 5120 in one, and a titer of 1 : 2560 in the other two cases. Histologically, an intraocular, locally extensive pyogranulomatous infiltration that partially filled the posterior chamber, encasing a wide anterior lens capsule break, was detected in all cases. Immunohistochemically, spores reacting with anti-Encephalitozoon cuniculi antiserum were present in all specimens, occasionally within macrophages and lens epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Detection of E. cuniculi in rabbits with phacoclastic uveitis has been investigated in the past with different methods. Based on our results, we suggest that immunohistochemistry should be regarded as a useful tool both for specific demonstration of E. cuniculi and for its localization within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giordano
- Veterinary Practice, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Toschi I, Cesari V, Grilli G, Castrovilli C. Effect of intake level and diet composition on digestibility in nulliparous pregnant rabbit does. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Grilli G, Piccirillo A, Pisoni AM, Cerioli M, Gallazzi D, Lavazza A. Re-emergence of fibromatosis in farmed game hares (Lepus europaeus) in Italy. Vet Rec 2003; 153:152-3. [PMID: 12934800 DOI: 10.1136/vr.153.5.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Grilli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria e Patologia Aviare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 10-20133 Milano, Italy
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Romanò L, Grilli G, Zanetti AR. [Seroepidemiology of varicella in a cohort of Italian adolescents]. Ann Ig 2002; 14:7-10. [PMID: 12389299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Romanò
- Istituto di Virologia, Università degli Studi di Milano.
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Marini A, Grilli G. [Accreditation of health districts: an overview of regional models]. Ann Ig 2001; 13:165-8. [PMID: 11760430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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35
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D'Alessandro D, Bevilacqua M, Carreri V, Ciriminna S, Crovari P, De Stefano Caraffa D, Faggioli A, Fara GM, Ferro A, Greco D, Grilli G, Lizioli A, Navarra M, Pantosti A, Pompa MG, Ragni P, Roveri P, Salmaso S, Todisco T. [The Working Group on the Prevention of S. pneumoniae Infections in Italy. The final report]. Ann Ig 1999; 11:341-50. [PMID: 10520528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D D'Alessandro
- Dip. di Architettura ed Urbanistica per l'Ingegneria, Università La Sapienza di Roma
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36
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Grilli G, Ferro A. [The prevention of infectious diseases in adults and the elderly]. Ann Ig 1999; 11:297-301. [PMID: 10520522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Grilli
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione, ASL 5 Marche, Iesi, AN
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37
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Caniatti M, Crippa L, Giusti M, Mattiello S, Grilli G, Orsenigo R, Scanziani E. Cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus infection in conventionally reared rabbits. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1998; 45:363-71. [PMID: 9719769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1998.tb00805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of Cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus infection in rabbits reared for meat production in Italy and to correlate the presence of CAR bacillus with inflammatory lesions of the respiratory tract. Seventy health, 3-month-old, New Zealand White rabbits, raised in 10 different rabbitries in Northern Italy were randomly selected at slaughter. No gross lesions were found at necropsy in any rabbit. In each animal, the trachea and lungs were sampled, fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with the Warthin-Starry method to evaluate the presence of CAR bacillus, and with haematoxylin and eosin to evaluate the presence of inflammatory lesions. CAR bacillus was present in 50 out of 70 rabbits (71.4%) with a prevalence of the infection that varied from 30% to 100% in the seven rabbitries. CAR bacillus was present both in the trachea and bronchi in 23 cases (32.8%), only in the trachea in 24 cases (34.3%) and only in the bronchi in three cases (4.3%). Inflammatory lesions were found in the trachea (22 cases, 31.4%) and the bronchi (58 cases, 82.8). There was a strong, statically significant correlation between the presence of CAR bacillus in the bronchi and bronchial inflammatory lesions (P < 0.0001). This study indicates that CAR bacillus infection is widespread in conventionally reared rabbits in Italy and that a possible correlation exists between the presence of CAR bacillus and bronchial inflammatory lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caniatti
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria e Patologia Aviare, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Sassani E, Grilli G, Bovio G. [Posterior synovial ganglion with compression of the supraspinatus nerve, infrequent cause of shoulder pain. Report of a case]. Radiol Med 1998; 95:105-6. [PMID: 9636736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Sassani
- Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia
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39
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Grilli G, Fuiano L, Biasio LR, Pregliasco F, Plebani A, Leibovitz M, Ugazio AG, Vacca F, Profeta ML. Simultaneous influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in elderly individuals. Eur J Epidemiol 1997; 13:287-91. [PMID: 9258527 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007398606807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study was performed to evaluate the effects of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines administered alone or in combination. 124 elderly subjects living in community were vaccinated either with influenza split vaccine or with pneumococcal 23-valent or with both vaccines at the same time in different sites. Sera were tested for hemoagglutination inhibiting antibodies for influenza and for antibodies against 23-valent vaccine for streptococcus pneumoniae. No side effects were observed in the vaccinated population. Serological results indicated that influenza vaccine increased significantly antibody levels. No difference was observed between the group which received influenza vaccine alone and that which received influenza and pneumococcal vaccines associated, considering either G.M.T or the percentages of protected individuals or the percentages of subjects who seroconverted. When pneumococcal vaccine was administered at the same time with influenza vaccine, there was a not statistically significant reduction in both mean antibody concentration and mean fold increase. It is concluded that the simultaneous administration of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines to elderly individuals, including subjects at risk, is safe, effective and economically advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grilli
- Public Health Department, USL 5, Jesi, Italy
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Pregliasco F, Grilli G, Andreassi A, D'Addezio E, Vacca F, Squarcione S, Biasio LR, Profeta M. Immune response to a booster dose of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine administered in association with HBV vaccine in adolescents. Vaccine 1996; 14:267-9. [PMID: 8744550 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)00209-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a booster dose of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine (EIPV) were evaluated in 492 healthy 12 year old adolescents. The booster was administered at the same time as the HBV vaccine compulsory in Italy at this age. Blood samples and questionnaires on reactogenicity were collected over 9 months. Analysis of pre-vaccination immunity showed that 97.4% of the subjects were protected against all polio types, 1.9% were negative for two polio types and 0.6% for one. After vaccination 98.4% of the vaccinees showed a significant increase ( > or = 4 times) of antibody titre; the geometric mean titres (GMT) were markedly higher than before vaccination, particularly for poliovirus type 3. The polio booster dose did not affect HBV vaccination. An anti-HBs response > 10 mIU ml-1. (GMT = 2951 mIU ml-1) was observed in 781 (98.6%) of 792 vaccinees (492 given EIPV+HBV and 300 given only HBV) 9 months later. Only mild local and rare general reactions were noted for both the vaccines studied. These data confirm the suitability and efficacy of an EIPV booster dose and HBV vaccination in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pregliasco
- Institute of Virology, University of Milan, Italy
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Gelmetti D, Fabbi M, Sironi G, Grilli G, Lavazza A. Identification of parvovirus-like particles associated with three outbreaks of mortality in young pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). J Vet Diagn Invest 1996; 8:108-12. [PMID: 9026064 DOI: 10.1177/104063879600800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Gelmetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia, Brescia, Italy
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Grilli G, Cimini D, Morbidelli L, Vacca F. [Transmission of measles during four outbreaks in a partially vaccinated population]. Minerva Pediatr 1993; 45:21-8. [PMID: 8316159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
All measles cases occurred between 1989 and 1991 in the territory of the Local Health Unit 10--Marche Region--Italy, were studied in order to evaluate the characteristics of the disease and the transmission mechanisms. A total of 4 outbreaks were evidenced: 2 occurred in a 40,000 population municipality (with 46 and 87 cases, respectively), 1 in a 10,000 population municipality (with 35 cases) and 1 in two closely-related municipalities of 4,600 population (with 67 cases). The immune status of children between 1 and 10 years of age was evaluated adding the number of vaccinated children to the number of those who resulted having had the disease. Immune children were between 52.3% and 89.1%. During the outbreaks, the percentage of cases occurred in subjects over 10 years of age was, in total, 65.5. No cases needed hospitalization and only one case occurred in a vaccinated boy. In 189 cases the subject who presumably transmitted the disease was identified. Transmission occurred: within the school in 51.8% of the cases; within the family in 30.7%; during social activity in 10.0%; from inhabitants of the same house in 7.4%. The epidemiology of measles, in the area of this study, seems different from that described in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grilli
- Servizio di Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, USL n. 10, Marche, Jesi, Ancona
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Giunta S, Galeazzi L, Turchetti G, Grilli G, Groppa G. Streptococcus faecalis susceptibility to amiloride depends on medium pH. Pharmacol Res Commun 1988; 20:853-61. [PMID: 3148937 DOI: 10.1016/0031-6989(88)90002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Amiloride is one of the major molecular probes in basic and applied investigations on the physiology of cation transport in animal cells. In these cells the drug also exerts growth inhibitory activity. Recently, we discovered that amiloride causes growth inhibition also on bacterial cells. In this paper we report that medium pH influences amiloride activity on Streptococcus faecalis. The lowering of external pH causes a drop in the susceptibility of this bacterium to amiloride up to an almost complete resistance. This finding, constitutes a novel aspect of the in vitro experimental pharmacology of this diuretic potentially useful also in clinical pharmacology and in animal cell investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giunta
- Sezione di Microbiologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ancona, Italy
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Giunta S, Turchetti G, Galeazzi L, Grilli G, Groppa G, Rocchetti R. Whole-cell bacterial peroxidase test with isoproterenol as the hydrogen donor. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol 1987; 138:407-14. [PMID: 3311087 DOI: 10.1016/0769-2609(87)90058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The beta-adrenergic compound isoproterenol was used as oxidizable reagent in a whole-cell assay for the detection of bacterial peroxidase activities. Isoproterenol has been shown to constitute a useful reagent for detecting peroxidase activities in enzymatic tests, utilizing standard purified enzymes, and in the microbiological application proposed. The procedure developed is simple and rapid to perform. In contrast to currently used whole-cell tests for bacterial peroxidases, the assay described here does not need preliminary permeabilization; moreover, the compound utilized does not have related toxicological problems. Therefore, the isoproterenol assay may represent a low-cost safe additional peroxidase test in clinical bacteriology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giunta
- Sezione di Microbiologia, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico INRCA, Ancona Italy
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Galeazzi L, Turchetti G, Grilli G, Groppa G, Giunta S. Chlorpromazine as permeabilizer and reagent for detection of microbial peroxidase and peroxidaselike activities. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986; 52:1433-5. [PMID: 3539020 PMCID: PMC239250 DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.6.1433-1435.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorpromazine was used to perform a test for the detection of microbial peroxidase activities. The compound acts as both a cell permeabilizer and a reagent in the procedure developed which allows the detection of peroxidase and peroxidase like reactions both semiquantitatively in whole cell determinations and quantitatively in cell-free supernatants.
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Nicolais S, Grilli G, Pirronti T, Falappa P. [Contrast dose and signal/noise ratio in digital angiography]. Radiol Med 1985; 71:565-8. [PMID: 4089253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In a digital angiographic system the variations of the signal to noise ratio in relation to the contrast medium quantity and to the exposure data are analyzed. On these basis, the greater flexibility of the digital angiographic equipments in comparison with conventional ones is underlined.
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Issaragrisil S, Grilli G, Nothdurft W, Fliedner TM. Characterization of erythroid and granulocyte monocyte progenitors in human cord blood. Scand J Haematol 1984; 33:317-22. [PMID: 6505630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1984.tb02234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Some characteristics of both erythroid and granulocyte monocyte progenitors in human cord blood were compared to those in adult blood and bone marrow. The number of progenitors in cord blood was higher than that in adult blood and bone marrow. Most colonies in cord blood culture were monocyte-macrophage, whereas those from adult blood were largely eosinophilic. Cord blood progenitors had a slower sedimentation velocity than that reported for marrow, but sedimented faster than that for adult blood. A significant proportion of progenitors in cord blood as well as adult marrow was found to be in the DNA synthetic phase of the cell cycle whereas progenitors in adult blood were not. Cord blood BFU-E were more resistant than adult blood BFU-E but cord blood CFU-GM were not different from adult blood CFU-GM with regard to radiation sensitivity. Cord blood CFU-GM appeared to be more radio-resistant than adult marrow GFU-GM. From these results is seems clear that progenitors in cord blood differ in some aspects from those in adult blood and bone marrow.
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Nothdurft W, Braasch E, Calvo W, Prümmer O, Carbonell F, Grilli G, Fliedner TM. Ontogeny of the granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cell (GM-CFC) pools in the beagle. J Embryol Exp Morphol 1984; 80:87-103. [PMID: 6747533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of development of the granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cell (GM-CFC) pools in the course of canine ontogeny was studied by means of the agar culture technique. Colony formation was stimulated by colony stimulating activity (CSA) in serum from lethally irradiated dogs in combination with erythrocyte-depleted peripheral blood leukocytes from normal adult dogs. The colonies thus obtained in cultures from the different organs were in general large (estimated maximum 50 000 cells) and consisted predominantly of mononucleated macrophages, suggesting that, in these studies, a progenitor cell with high proliferative potential (HPP-CFC) has been monitored. In the yolk sac, a transitory GM-CFC pool became established between day 23 and day 48 of gestation, reaching maximum numbers of approximately 41 X 10(3) per organ on days 36/37. At the same time the GM-CFC concentration in blood collected from the heart also reached a maximum of about 31 X 10(3)/ml, indicating its carrier function for the migration of GM-CFC. In the liver a quasi-exponential increase in the GM-CFC numbers took place between days 36/37 and days 57 to 59 when a total of about 15.2 X 10(6) was found but thereafter and up to day 4 post partum the GM-CFC numbers decreased by almost two orders of magnitude. A continuous increase in the GM-CFC numbers was found in the spleen between day 42 of gestation and day 4 post partum when a maximum of 5.1 X 10(6) to 8.7 X 10(6) was reached. In contrast to the GM-CFC numbers in the liver, the splenic GM-CFC dropped only by 50% of peak values when the dogs reached adulthood. The bone marrow always had the highest incidence of GM-CFC, the concentration per 10(6) cells being 18.7 X 10(3)/10(6) cells on days 45/46, the earliest time point at which cultures could be set up. The absolute GM-CFC numbers in the two femora increased continuously between days 45/46 and day 4 post partum in parallel with the growth of the bones. In the thymus a relatively small population of GM-CFC developed between days 42 and 48 of gestation that was kept quite constant at average numbers between 13 X 10(3) and 30 X 10(3) up to day 4 post partum.
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Raghavachar A, Steinbach KH, Prümmer O, Grilli G, Fliedner TM. Survival of transfused cryopreserved granulocytic progenitor cells (CFU-C) in recipient circulation. Cell Tissue Kinet 1983; 16:303-11. [PMID: 6132680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the pattern of CFU-C disappearance from the peripheral blood of normal and total-body-irradiated dogs given cryopreserved cell suspensions from bone marrow, foetal liver and peripheal blood containing known numbers of CFU-C under an autologous and allogeneic donor-recipient relationship. Only a small fraction of infused donor CFU-C could be detected in the circulation of recipients at the end of the infusion. There was an exponential fall in circulating CFU-C, indicating random loss of infused CFU-C. The CFU-C disappearance pattern in each experimental group was reproducible. The mean half life of autologous blood derived CFU-C in the circulating blood of normal recipients was 8.2 min and the mean blood CFU-C turnover was calculated to be 9.3 X 10(5) CFU-C/kg per day.
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